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SDLRC - Scientific Articles all years by Author - Kr+


The Sheahan Diamond Literature Reference Compilation
The Sheahan Diamond Literature Reference Compilation is compiled by Patricia Sheahan who publishes on a monthly basis a list of new scientific articles related to diamonds as well as media coverage and corporate announcementscalled the Sheahan Diamond Literature Service that is distributed as a free pdf to a list of followers. Pat has kindly agreed to allow her work to be made available as an online digital resource at Kaiser Research Online so that a broader community interested in diamonds and related geology can benefit. The references are for personal use information purposes only; when available a link is provided to an online location where the full article can be accessed or purchased directly. Reproduction of this compilation in part or in whole without permission from the Sheahan Diamond Literature Service is strictly prohibited. Return to Diamond Resource Center
Sheahan Diamond Literature Reference Compilation - Scientific Articles by Author for all years
A-An Ao+ B-Bd Be-Bk Bl-Bq Br+ C-Cg Ch-Ck Cl+ D-Dd De-Dn Do+ E F-Fn Fo+ G-Gh Gi-Gq Gr+ H-Hd He-Hn Ho+ I J K-Kg Kh-Kn Ko-Kq Kr+ L-Lh
Li+ M-Maq Mar-Mc Md-Mn Mo+ N O P-Pd Pe-Pn Po+ Q R-Rh Ri-Rn Ro+ S-Sd Se-Sh Si-Sm Sn-Ss St+ T-Th Ti+ U V W-Wg Wh+ X Y Z
Sheahan Diamond Literature Reference Compilation - Media/Corporate References by Name for all years
A B C D-Diam Diamonds Diamr+ E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Tips for Users
Posted/Published Reference CodesThe SDLRC provides 3 types of references identified in the reference code. DS for scientific article, DM for a media article, and DC for a corporate announcement. Consider DS0512-0001. The DS stands for "diamond scientific". 05 stands for 2005, the year the reference was posted. 12 represents the month the reference was posted. For all years prior to 2015 the default month is 12. -0001 is the reference's identifier and it does not mean anything. The number below the refence code, ie 2015, is the year the article was published. Note that the posted year may sometimes be later than the published year.
Sort OrderReferences are sorted by the "author" name and when the reference was posted to the compilation.
Most RecentIf the reference code is highlighted yellow, the reference was made available through the most recent monthly compilation of new literature. Use this to check out new references. When new references are posted, we make it our priority to track down an online link and obtain an abstract. With regard to older references, tracking down an abstract and an online link is a work in progress.
Link to external location of article: If the title has a link, it means we have found a location online where you can either retrieve the full article free, or purchase access to it. The Sheahan Diamond Literature Service is not a technical article procurement service; if you want a restricted article, you must deal directly with the vendor who controls the copyright to the article.
Searching this page for a specific term or authorIn your Firefox browser click Edit in the menu bar and then Find. In the Find box that shows up at the bottom of the web page enter your search term. Firefox will highlight all occurrences. This is particularly helpful when the author you are seeking was not the lead author by whom the compilation is sorted.
Sending or sharing a referenceThe left column (Posted/Published) has an embedded hyperlink for each reference. In Firefox, if you right click on it, you can obtain the link url for that reference's location within the page, which you can copy and paste into an email or any other document. You can also use the "share this link" option to tweet, facebook etc the link.
Author Index
A-An Ao+ B-Bd Be-Bk Bl-Bq Br+ C-Cg Ch-Ck Cl+ D-Dd De-Dn Do+ E F-Fn Fo+ G-Gh Gi-Gq Gr+ H-Hd He-Hn Ho+ I J K-Kg Kh-Kn Ko-Kq Kr+ L-Lh
Li+ M-Maq Mar-Mc Md-Mn Mo+ N O P-Pd Pe-Pn Po+ Q R-Rh Ri-Rn Ro+ S-Sd Se-Sh Si-Sm Sn-Ss St+ T-Th Ti+ U V W-Wg Wh+ X Y Z
Sheahan Diamond Literature Reference Compilation - Scientific Articles by Author for all years - Kr+
Posted/
Published
AuthorTitleSourceRegionKeywords
DS1992-1526
1992
Kra, R.S.Taylor, R.E., Long, A., Kra, R.S.Radiocarbon after four decadesSpringer Verlag, 616pGlobalBook -ad, Radiocarbon, age determination, age dating
DS201212-0745
2012
Kraal, E.Van Dijk, M., Kleinhans, M.G., Postma, G., Kraal, E.Contrasting morphodynamics in alluvial fans and fan deltas: effect of the Down stream boundary.Sedimentology, in press availableGlobalGeomorphology
DS201212-0746
2012
Kraal, E.Van Dijk, M., Kleinhans, M.G., Postma, G., Kraal, E.Contrasting morphodynamics in alluvial fans and fan deltas: effect of the Down stream boundary.Sedimentology, Vol. 59, 7, Dec. pp. 2125-2145.TechnologyGeomorphology - fans
DS1998-0800
1998
Krabbendam, M.Krabbendam, M.Sites of rifting of Gondwana and the relative importance of hot spots and pre-existing structures.Journal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 27, 1A, p. 127. AbstractGondwanaPlumes, Tectonics
DS2000-0532
2000
Krabbendam, M.Krabbendam, M., Barr, T.D.Proterozoic orogens and the break-up of Gondwana: why did some orogens notrift?Journal of African Earth Sciences, Vol.31, No.1, July, pp.35-49.GondwanaRifting, hot spots, orogeny, Tectonics
DS200712-0157
2007
Krabbendam, M.Cawood, P.A., Nemchin, A.A., Strachan, R., Prave, T., Krabbendam, M.Sedimentary basin and detrital zircon record along East Laurentia and Baltica during assembly and breakup of Rodinia.Journal of the Geological Society, Vol. 164, pp. 257-275.Gondwana, Rodinia, BalticaRift basins
DS1991-0940
1991
Kracher, A.Kurat, G., Embeyisz.., A., Kracher, A., Scharber, H.G.The upper mantle beneath Kapenstein and the Transdanubian volcanic E. Austria and W. Hungary - a comparisonMineral. Petrol, Vol. 44, No. 1-2, pp. 21-38Austria, HungaryMantle, Volcanics
DS201909-2022
2019
Kraemer, D.Benaouda, R., Kraemer, D., Sitnikova, M., Goldmann, S., Freitag, R., Bouali, A., Mouttaqi, A., El Haloui, R., Essaadaoui, M., Bau, M.Thorium-poor monazite and columbite-(Fe) mineralization in the Gleibat Lafhouda carbonatite and its associated iron-oxide-apatite deposit of the Ouled Dlim Massif, South Morocco.Gondwana Research, Vol. 77, pp. 19-39.Africa, MoroccoREE

Abstract: Recent exploration work in South Morocco revealed the occurrence of several carbonatite bodies, including the Paleoproterozoic Gleibat Lafhouda magnesiocarbonatite and its associated iron oxide mineralization, recognized here as iron-oxide-apatite (IOA) deposit type. The Gleibat Lafhouda intrusion is hosted by Archean gneiss and schist and not visibly associated with alkaline rocks. Metasomatized micaceous rocks occur locally at the margins of the carbonatite outcrop and were identified as glimmerite fenite type. Rare earth element (REE) and Nb mineralization is mainly linked to the associated IOA mineralization and is represented by monazite-(Ce) and columbite-(Fe) as major ore minerals. The IOA mineralization mainly consists of magnetite and hematite that usually contain large apatite crystals, quartz and some dolomite. Monazite-(Ce) is closely associated with fluorapatite and occurs as inclusions within the altered parts of apatite and along cracks or as separate phases near apatite. Monazite shows no zonation patterns and very low Th contents (<0.4?wt%), which would be beneficial for commercial extraction of the REE and which indicates monazite formation from apatite as a result of hydrothermal volatile-rich fluids. Similar monazite-apatite mineralization and chemistry also occurs at depth within the carbonatite, although the outcropping carbonatite is barren, suggesting an irregular REE ore distribution within the carbonatite body. The barren carbonatite contains some tiny unidentified secondary Nb-Ta-U phases, synchysite and monazite. Niobium mineralization is commonly represented by anhedral minerals of columbite-(Fe) which occur closely associated with magnetite-hematite and host up to 78?wt% Nb2O5, 7?wt% Ta2O5 and 1.6?wt% Sc2O3. This association may suggest that columbite-(Fe) precipitated by an interaction of Nb-rich fluids with pre-existing Fe-rich minerals or as pseudomorphs after pre-existing Nb minerals like pyrochlore. Our results most strongly suggest that the studied mineralization is economically important and warrants both, further research and exploration with the ultimate goal of mineral extraction.
DS201911-2511
2019
Kraemer, D.Benaouda, R., Kraemer, D., Sitnikova, M., Goldmann, S., Bau, M.Thorium poor monzonite and columbite (Fe) mineralization in the Giebat Lafhouda carbonatite and its associated iron-oxide deposit of the Ouled Dlim Massif, south Morocco.Gondwana Research, Vol. 77, pp. 19-39.Africa, Moroccocarbonatite

Abstract: Recent exploration work in South Morocco revealed the occurrence of several carbonatite bodies, including the Paleoproterozoic Gleibat Lafhouda magnesiocarbonatite and its associated iron oxide mineralization, recognized here as iron-oxide-apatite (IOA) deposit type. The Gleibat Lafhouda intrusion is hosted by Archean gneiss and schist and not visibly associated with alkaline rocks. Metasomatized micaceous rocks occur locally at the margins of the carbonatite outcrop and were identified as glimmerite fenite type. Rare earth element (REE) and Nb mineralization is mainly linked to the associated IOA mineralization and is represented by monazite-(Ce) and columbite-(Fe) as major ore minerals. The IOA mineralization mainly consists of magnetite and hematite that usually contain large apatite crystals, quartz and some dolomite. Monazite-(Ce) is closely associated with fluorapatite and occurs as inclusions within the altered parts of apatite and along cracks or as separate phases near apatite. Monazite shows no zonation patterns and very low Th contents (<0.4?wt%), which would be beneficial for commercial extraction of the REE and which indicates monazite formation from apatite as a result of hydrothermal volatile-rich fluids. Similar monazite-apatite mineralization and chemistry also occurs at depth within the carbonatite, although the outcropping carbonatite is barren, suggesting an irregular REE ore distribution within the carbonatite body. The barren carbonatite contains some tiny unidentified secondary Nb-Ta-U phases, synchysite and monazite. Niobium mineralization is commonly represented by anhedral minerals of columbite-(Fe) which occur closely associated with magnetite-hematite and host up to 78?wt% Nb2O5, 7?wt% Ta2O5 and 1.6?wt% Sc2O3. This association may suggest that columbite-(Fe) precipitated by an interaction of Nb-rich fluids with pre-existing Fe-rich minerals or as pseudomorphs after pre-existing Nb minerals like pyrochlore. Our results most strongly suggest that the studied mineralization is economically important and warrants both, further research and exploration with the ultimate goal of mineral extraction.
DS202008-1369
2020
Kraemer, D.Benoaouda, R., Kraemer, D., Sitnikova, M., Goldmann, S., Schwarz-Schampera, U., Errami, A., Mouttaqi, A., Bau, M.Discovery of high grade REE-Nb-Fe mineralization associated with calcio-carbonatite in south Morocco.Ore Geology Reviews, in press available, 43p. PdfAfrica, Moroccocarbonatite

Abstract: The recently discovered REE and Nb mineralization in the Twihinat area in the western part of the Oulad Dlim Massif (Adrar Souttouf) in South Morocco is linked to a Cretaceous calciocarbonatite intrusion which was likely formed in an intracontinental rift setting and crops out locally within a ring structure that mainly consists of massive Fe-oxide mineralization and silica breccia. The carbonatite shows intensively metasomatized zones, which contain bastnaesite and pyrochlore-group minerals as the main REE and Nb ore minerals. They are usually associated with apatite, quartz and Fe-oxides, or trapped in calcite voids, suggesting a secondary ore formation. Within the associated Fe-oxide mineralization, pyrochlore and monazite-(Ce) are the main ore minerals occurring closely associated with quartz and magnetite or hematite. The silica breccia also shows significant subsequent infill of barite, bastnaesite-(Ce) and hydrated ceriopyrochlore, which was identified by EPMA and Raman spectroscopy. Bastnaesite commonly forms prismatic aggregates whereas pyrochlore and ceriopyrochlore usually display subhedral grains along tiny fractures. Structural and textural relationships clearly indicate epigenetic ore formation induced by multiple stages of hydrothermal fluid flow and fracturing. Ore precipitation likely resulted from interaction between low-pH mineralizing hydrothermal fluids and the wall-rock. The latter efficiently buffered the acidity of the fluids and allowed significant amounts of REE and Nb ore minerals to precipitate. Trace element ICP-MS analyses show very high REE and Nb concentrations of up to 0.76 wt% ?REE and 0.21 wt% Nb in carbonatite and up to 3 wt% ?REE and 1.3 wt% Nb in the associated silica and Fe-oxide mineralization. The results clearly demonstrate that the Twihinat REE-Nb deposits are significant and represent a potential new high-grade resource for these critical metals.
DS1989-0827
1989
Krafft, M.Krafft, M., Keller, J.Temperature measurements in carbonatite lava lakes and flows from OldoinyoLengai, TanzaniaScience, Vol. 245, No. 4914, July 14, pp. 168-170TanzaniaCarbonatite-lava
DS201809-2051
2018
Kraft, H.A.Kraft, H.A., Vinnik, L., Thybo, H.Mantle transition zone beneath central eastern Greenland: possible evidence for a deep tectonosphere from receiver functions.Tectonophysics, Vol. 728, 1, pp. 34-40.Europe, Greenlandgeophysics - seismic

Abstract: We investigate the mantle of central-eastern Greenland by using recordings with data from 24 local broad-band seismograph stations. We apply P wave receiver function technique and evaluate the difference in the arrival times of seismic phases that are formed by P to SV mode conversion at the 410-km and 660-km seismic discontinuities. These boundaries mark the top and bottom of the mantle transition zone (MTZ). The difference in the arrival time of the phases from the 410-km and 660-km discontinuities is sensitive to the thickness of the MTZ and relatively insensitive to volumetric velocity anomalies above the 410-km discontinuity. Near the east coast of Greenland in the region of the Skaergaard basalt intrusions we find two regions where the differential time is reduced by more than 2 s. The 410-km discontinuity in these regions is depressed by more than 20 km. The depression may be explained by a temperature elevation of 150 °C. We hypothesize that the basaltic intrusions and the temperature anomalies at a depth of 400 km are, at least partly, effects of the passage of Greenland over the Iceland hotspot at about 55 Ma. This explanation is consistent with the concept of tectosphere and implies that the upper mantle to a depth of 400 km translates coherently with the Greenland plate.
DS1930-0196
1935
Krahmann, R.Krahmann, R.Report on the Results of Magnetic Surveys Over a Kimberlite pipe in the Southwest Transvaal.Mining And Metallurgy, No. 342.South Africa, TransvaalKimberlite, Geophysics
DS1988-0372
1988
Krahmann, R.Krahmann, R.Magnetometric survey of a kimberlite pipe in SouthwesternTransvaal.Archive - briefGeoBulletin, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 32-33South AfricaBlank
DS1995-1015
1995
Krajeck, K.Krajeck, K.Digging frozen carats... a diamond rush is on in the ArcticNewsweek, August 21, pp. 36-37.Northwest TerritoriesNews item, BHP Dia Met
DS1991-0569
1991
Krajewski, S.Gibbs, B., Krajewski, S.Directory of mining programs and public domain software for earthGibbs Associates, Directory $ 75.00 United States Software handbook $ 25.00 United StatesGlobalComputer, Program -directory
DS1991-0570
1991
Krajewski, S.Gibbs, B., Krajewski, S.Public domain software for earth scientists: handbook of public domain and inexpensive softwareGibbs and Associates, 189p. $ 40.00United StatesComputer programs, Lists
DS1990-0884
1990
Krajewski, S.A.Krajewski, S.A.Creating geologic databasesComputers and Mining, Vol. 6, No. 2, October pp. 1-6GlobalOverview of database requirements, Database
DS1991-0571
1991
Krajewski, S.A.Gibbs, B., Krajewski, S.A.Workshop attendees compare ore modeling and mine planning softwaresystemsMining Engineering, Vol. 43, No. 7, July pp. 732-737GlobalGeostatistics, Computer -programs for ore modeling comparisons
DS1992-0564
1992
Krajewski, S.A.Gibbs, B.L., Krajewski, S.A.Surface and underground mine modelling with computersMining Engineering, Vol. 44, No. 7, July pp. 689-693GlobalComputers, Program -Mine modelling
DS1994-0944
1994
Krajewski, S.A.Krajewski, S.A., Gibbs, B.L.Computers contouring generates artifactsGeotimes, Vol. 39, No. 4, April pp. 15-19GlobalComputer programs, Applications - artifacts
DS1994-0945
1994
Krajick, K.Krajick, K.The great Canadian diamond rushDiscovery, Vol. 15, No. 12, December pp. 70-79.Canada, Northwest TerritoriesDiamond exploration overview
DS2001-0630
2001
Krajick, K.Krajick, K.Barren Lands: an epic search for diamonds in the North American ArcticW.h. Freeman Pub., ISBN 0-7167-4026-5Northwest TerritoriesBook - history
DS1995-1016
1995
Krajick, S.Krajick, S.The rich barrens... mining threatens Canada's Northwest TerritoriesAudubon, Jan-Feb. pp. 18, 20, 21.Northwest TerritoriesEnvironmental, Mining
DS1993-0848
1993
Kral, S.Kral, S.Risk assessment/management in the environmental planning of MinesMining Engineering, Vol. 45, No. 2, February pp. 151-154United StatesEconomics, Environmental, legal
DS1997-0627
1997
Kral, S.Kral, S.Mining industry beginning to rediscover AlaskaMining Engineering, Vol. 49, No. 1, Jan. pp. 45-50AlaskaMining, Review
DS1997-0628
1997
Kral, S.Kral, S.Minerals processing meeting focuses on commoditiesMining Engineering, Vol. 49. No. 8, August p. 51-56GlobalEconomics, bismuth, silver, gold, diamonds
DS1997-0629
1997
Kral, S.Kral, S.Two page extract on diamonds and demand... from overview on commodities conference held Denver May.Mining Engineering, Vol. 49, No. 8, August pp. 54-55.GlobalEconomics, Diamond demand and supply
DS1998-0801
1998
Kral, S.Kral, S.Argentin a seeks foreign investment for its mining industryMining Eng, Vol. 50, No. 3, March pp. 55-58ArgentinaEconomics, Mining - projects
DS1998-0802
1998
Kral, S.Kral, S.Risk management important to miningMining Eng, Vol. 50, No. 3, March pp. 59-60Brazil, ChinaEconomics, discoveries, success, Mining - privitization
DS1998-0803
1998
Kral, S.Kral, S.MEMS meeting focuses on economic globalization of mining ( Mineral Economics and Management Society)Mining Eng, Vol. 50, No. 10, Oct. pp. 56-60GlobalMining - technology, Markets, finance, economics, discoveries, success
DS2001-0613
2001
KramaskovKlishin, V.I., Sher, E.N., Kramaskov, Vlasov, BasheevUnderground mining of kimberlite pipes under alluviaJournal of Mining Science, Vol.37,4,pp. 421-6.RussiaMining
DS201809-2036
2018
Krambock, K.Hoover, D.B., Karfunkel, J., Walde, D., Moraes, R.A.V., Michelfelder, G., Henger, F.E., Ribeira, L.C., Krambock, K.The Alto Paranaiba region, Brazil: a continuing source for pink diamonds?The Australian Gemmologist, Vol. 26, 9-10, pp. 196-204.South America, Brazildeposit - Alto Paranaiba
DS201510-1788
2015
Krambrock, K.Michelfelder, G.S., Karfunkel, J., Fernandes, A.F., Sgarbi, N.C., Hoover, D.B., Krambrock, K., Walde, D.Surface source of Coromandel diamonds ( Minas Gerais State), Brazil) and their possible origin from the Serra Negra/Salitre supervolcano.GSA Annual Meeting, Paper 300-1, 1p. Abstract only BoothSouth America, Brazil, Minas GeraisDeposit - Coromandel

Abstract: The origin of diamonds in the Coromandel area has been an enigma for many years, in spite of high investment in conventional and high tech prospecting methods by major mining companies for over half a century. The authors review the history, and then discuss the two principal hypotheses to explain the source of these alluvial diamonds. After mapping the headwater region of one of the richest alluvial diamond rivers, the Santo Antônio do Bonito River, they reject both principal hypotheses and conclude that the surficial source can be only the Upper Cretaceous Capacete Formation, composed of pyroclastics and epiclastics. Based on geophysical data from the literature, combined with field observations the authors suggest that the largest alkaline complex, situated within the diamond producing area, the Serra Negra/Salitre Complex has been the primary source for those pyroclastics of the Capacete Formation and the diamonds. The plugs of this complex are 15-30 times deeper than average kimberlites and other alkaline complexes in the region, and its excess of volume of the intrusive is three orders of magnitude larger than a typical kimberlite. With an intrusive volume of over 1000 km3 the complex is suggested to be a possible supervolcano. This explains the vast areal distribution of the pyroclastics and diamonds. This new hypothesis has advantages and disadvantages, some of them discussed in the paper and leading to the conclusion that further research is needed.
DS201710-2233
2017
Krambrock, K.Hoover, D.B., Karfunkel, J., Ribeiro, L.C.B., Michelfelder, G.., Moraes, R.A.V., Krambrock, K., Quintao, D., Walde, D.Diamonds of the Alto Paranaiba, Brazil: Nixon's prediction verified?The Australian Gemmologist, Vol. 26, 5&6, pp. 88-99.South America, Brazil, Minas Geraisdeposit - Alto Paranaiba

Abstract: The authors, in a paper in this journal in 2009, note a puzzle, that in spite of extensive exploration for diamonds by major producers in the Alto Paranaiba region of West Minas Gerais State, Brazil, no primary source, such as kimberlites, for the many diamonds produced since their discovery over 250 years has been found. To answer this puzzle we propose that the diamonds are present within a large extrusive volcanic unit probably derived from the Serra Negra alkaline-carbonatitic complex which comprises a super volcano. This origin fits with the 1995 prediction of Nixon on the future direction of diamona-exploration that extrusive units may contain very large volumes of ore, and that carbonatitic emplacement sources need to be considered. The authors argue, based on available evidence from geology and geophysics, that such an origin is compatible with the known data, but that much additional information is needed to substantiate these ideas. Diamonds of the Alto Paraniaba, Brazil: Nixon's prediction verified?
DS201112-0734
2010
Krambrock, K.W.H.Newman, J.A., Teixeira Carvalho de Newman, D., Gandini, A.L., Souza Gomes, N., Krambrock, K.W.H., Pimenta, M.A.Caracterizacao mineralogica dos diamantes policristalinos (carbonados) da regiao de Santa Elena de Uairen, estado Bolivar, Venezuela.5th Brasilian Symposium on Diamond Geology, Nov. 6-12, abstract p. 46-47.South America, VenezuelaCarbonado
DS1985-0366
1985
Kramer, E.Kramer, H., Seifert, W., Kramer, E., Volger, P.Regional variability of peridotitic xenolith associations of the Saxothuringian zone and substantial differentiation of The upper mantle.(in German)Gerl. Beitr., (in German), Vol. 94, No. 4-6, pp. 308-326GermanyMantle
DS1985-0366
1985
Kramer, H.Kramer, H., Seifert, W., Kramer, E., Volger, P.Regional variability of peridotitic xenolith associations of the Saxothuringian zone and substantial differentiation of The upper mantle.(in German)Gerl. Beitr., (in German), Vol. 94, No. 4-6, pp. 308-326GermanyMantle
DS1975-0629
1977
Kramer, M.Stauder, W., Kramer, M., Fischer, G., Schaeffer, S., Morrissey.Seismic Characteristics of Southeast Missouri As Indicated By a Regional Telemetered Microearthquake Array.Seismol. Soc. American Bulletin., Vol. 66, PP. 1953-1964.GlobalMid Continent
DS1988-0373
1988
Kramer, M.J.Kramer, M.J.GENPLOT: a formula based Pascal program for dat a manipulationandplottingComputers and Geosciences, Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 645-658. Database # 17355GlobalComputers, Program - GENPLOT.
DS201602-0215
2016
Kramer, S.C.Jones, T.D., Davies, D.R., Campbell, I.H., Wilson, C.R., Kramer, S.C.Do mantle plumes preserve the heterogeneous structure of their deep mantle source?Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 434, pp. 10-17.MantleTectonics

Abstract: It has been proposed that the spatial variations recorded in the geochemistry of hotspot lavas, such as the bilateral asymmetry recorded at Hawaii, can be directly mapped as the heterogeneous structure and composition of their deep-mantle source. This would imply that source-region heterogeneities are transported into, and preserved within, a plume conduit, as the plume rises from the deep-mantle to Earth's surface. Previous laboratory and numerical studies, which neglect density and rheological variations between different chemical components, support this view. However, in this paper, we demonstrate that this interpretation cannot be extended to distinct chemical domains that differ from surrounding mantle in their density and viscosity. By numerically simulating thermo-chemical mantle plumes across a broad parameter space, in 2-D and 3-D, we identify two conduit structures: (i) bilaterally asymmetric conduits, which occur exclusively for cases where the chemical effect on buoyancy is negligible, in which the spatial distribution of deep-mantle heterogeneities is preserved during plume ascent; and (ii) concentric conduits, which occur for all other cases, with dense material preferentially sampled within the conduit's centre. In the latter regime, the spatial distribution of geochemical domains in the lowermost mantle is not preserved during plume ascent. Our results imply that the heterogeneous structure and composition of Earth's lowermost mantle can only be mapped from geochemical observations at Earth's surface if chemical heterogeneity is a passive component of lowermost mantle dynamics (i.e. its effect on density is outweighed by, or is secondary to, the effect of temperature). The implications of our results for: (i) why oceanic crust should be the prevalent component of ocean island basalts; and (ii) how we interpret the geochemical evolution of Earth's deep-mantle are also discussed.
DS201911-2517
2019
Kramer, S.C.Davies, D.R., Valentine, A.P., Kramer, S.C., Rawlinson, N., Hoggard, M.J., Eakin, C.M., Wilson, C.R.Earth's multi-scale topographic response to global mantle flow.Nature Geosciences, Vol. 12, pp. 845-850.Mantlegeodynamics

Abstract: Earth’s surface topography is a direct physical expression of our planet’s dynamics. Most is isostatic, controlled by thickness and density variations within the crust and lithosphere, but a substantial proportion arises from forces exerted by underlying mantle convection. This dynamic topography directly connects the evolution of surface environments to Earth’s deep interior, but predictions from mantle flow simulations are often inconsistent with inferences from the geological record, with little consensus about its spatial pattern, wavelength and amplitude. Here, we demonstrate that previous comparisons between predictive models and observational constraints have been biased by subjective choices. Using measurements of residual topography beneath the oceans, and a hierarchical Bayesian approach to performing spherical harmonic analyses, we generate a robust estimate of Earth’s oceanic residual topography power spectrum. This indicates water-loaded power of 0.5?±?0.35?km2 and peak amplitudes of up to ~0.8?±?0.1?km at long wavelengths (~104?km), decreasing by roughly one order of magnitude at shorter wavelengths (~103?km). We show that geodynamical simulations can be reconciled with observational constraints only if they incorporate lithospheric structure and its impact on mantle flow. This demonstrates that both deep (long-wavelength) and shallow (shorter-wavelength) processes are crucial, and implies that dynamic topography is intimately connected to the structure and evolution of Earth’s lithosphere.
DS1984-0430
1984
Kramer, W.Kramer, W., Seifert, W.Xenolithe, Lamprophyre und Kruste Mantel BeziehungenFreiberger Forshungshefte Geowissen. Min. Geochem., Vol. C389, No. 2, PP. 38-49.GermanyInclusions, Rare Earth Elements (ree), Geochemistry
DS1994-0946
1994
Kramer, W.Kramer, W., Seifert, W.Mica -lamprophyres and related volcanics of the Erzgebirge and metallogenicaspects.Seltman, Metallogeny Collisional Orogens, pp. 159-165.Europe, GermanyLamprophyres
DS2002-0478
2002
Kramer, W.Franz, L., Becker, K.P., Kramer, W., Herzig, P.M.Metasomatic mantle xenoliths from the Bismarck microplate - thermal evolution, geochemistry...Journal of Petrology, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 315-44.Papua New GuineaSlab induced metasomatism - not specific to diamond, Xenoliths
DS2003-1246
2003
Kramer, W.Seifert, W., Kramer, W.Accessory titanite: an important carrier of zirconium in lamprophyresLithos, Vol. 71, 1, Nov. pp. 81-98.GermanyKersantite, minette
DS200412-1782
2003
Kramer, W.Seifert, W., Kramer, W.Accessory titanite: an important carrier of zirconium in lamprophyres.Lithos, Vol. 71, 1, Nov. pp. 81-98.Europe, GermanyKersantite, minette
DS201709-1982
2017
Kramers, J.Elburg, M.A., Andersen, T., Mahlaku, S.M., Cawthorn, R.G., Kramers, J.A potassic magma series in the Pilanesberg alkaline complex.Goldschmidt Conference, abstract 1p.Africa, South Africaalkaline rocks

Abstract: The Pilanesberg Alkaline Complex (South Africa) consists of a partially eroded phonolitic-trachytic package of lavas and tuffs, intruded by consanguinous syenites and nepheline syenites (foyaites). The latter have been divided in several units, based on their colour and mineralogy. Most of the foyaitic units are sodic in composition, but whole rock analyses show that some samples are more potassic, with Na2O/K2O<0.8. This observation, together with old reports of leucite-bearing lavas [1], could suggest the existence of a second, potassic magmatic lineage. To investigate whether the observed potassium-enrichment is a primary feature, or the result of deuteric alteration, the mineralogical distinction between sodic and potassic samples was investigated. The mineralogy of the sodic samples is dominated by nepheline, alkali-feldspar and aegirine, ± titanite, amphibole, biotite, and late agpaitic phases [2]. Within the potassic samples, the main primary ferromagnesian mineral is biotite, which shows conspicuous zoning in thin section; nepheline has been extensively replaced by sodalite and cancrinite, but alkali-feldspar appears relatively unaltered. No agpaitic minerals were observed. U-Pb isotope systematics of titanite are similar for sodic and potassic samples in terms of the age (ca. 1.4 Ga) and composion of common Pb; Ar-Ar dating of biotite also gives ca. 1.4 Ga, showing that biotite is a primary magmatic phase. Compositions of the biotite in sodic and potassic samples are similar, with the sodic samples having slightly higher Fe# (independent of whole rock Fe#), higher Na, but lower (Na+K) and Ba. Zoning in biotite from potassic samples is related to a decrease in Mg, Ti and F in the rim of the crystals. Despite the primary character of the biotite, the question whether the potassic samples reflect a combination of alteration and perhaps minor crustal contamination, or a separate mag
DS1975-0545
1977
Kramers, J.D.Kramers, J.D.Lead and Strontium Isotopes in Inclusions in Diamonds and In Mantle Derived Xenoliths from Southern Africa.Proceedings of Second International Kimberlite Conference, EXTENDED ABSTRACT VOLUME.South AfricaIsotope
DS1975-0546
1977
Kramers, J.D.Kramers, J.D.Lead and Strontium Isotopes in Cretaceous Kimberlites and Mantle Derived Xenoliths from Southern Africa.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 34, No. 3, PP. 419-431.South AfricaIsotope
DS1975-1104
1979
Kramers, J.D.Kramers, J.D.Lead, Uranium, Strontium, Potassium and Rubidium in Inclusion-bearing Diamonds and Mantle Derived Xenoliths from Southern Africa.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 42, No. 1, PP. 58-70.South AfricaPetrography
DS1980-0194
1980
Kramers, J.D.Kramers, J.D., Roddick, J.C.Isotopic and Trace Element Studies on Vein Fillings and Metasomatic Zones in the Mantle: Xenoliths from Bultfontein Kimberlite, South Africa.Eos, Vol. 61, No. 17, P. 414. (abstract.).South AfricaIsotope
DS1981-0252
1981
Kramers, J.D.Kramers, J.D., Smith, C.B., et al.Can Kimberlites Be Generated from an Ordinary Mantle?Nature., Vol. 291, No. 5810, PP. 53-56.GlobalKimberlite, Genesis
DS1981-0253
1981
Kramers, J.D.Kramers, J.D., Smith, C.B., Lock, N.P., et al.Can Kimberlites Be Generated from an Ordinary MantleNature., Vol. 291, No. 5810, MAY 7, PP. 53-56.GlobalKimberlite, Genesis
DS1983-0374
1983
Kramers, J.D.Kramers, J.D., Roddick, J.C.M., Dawson, J.B.Trace Element and Isotope Studies on Veined Metasomatic And marid Xenoliths from Bultfontein South Africa.Earth Plan. Sci. Letters, Vol. 65, No. 1, OCTOBER, PP. 90-106.South AfricaIsotope, Rare Earth Elements (ree)
DS1983-0375
1983
Kramers, J.D.Kramers, J.D., Smith, C.B.A Feasibility Study of Uranium-lead and Lead-lead Dating of Kimberlites using Groundmass Mineral Fractions and Whole Rock Samples.Isotope Geology, Vol. 1, No. 1, PP. 23-38.South AfricaKimberley, De Beers, Bultfontein, Wesselton, Dutoitspan
DS1986-0016
1986
Kramers, J.D.Allsopp, H.L., Smith, C.B., Bristow, J.W., Brown, R., Kramers, J.D.A review of radiometric dating methods applicable to kimberlites And related rocksProceedings of the Fourth International Kimberlite Conference, Held Perth, Australia, No. 16, pp. 109-111South AfricaGeochronology
DS1986-0751
1986
Kramers, J.D.Smith, C.B., Allsopp, H.L., Kramers, J.D., Gurney, J.J., JagoutzIsotopic and geochemical studies of kimberlitic and included xenolithsProceedings of the Fourth International Kimberlite Conference, Held Perth, Australia, No. 16, pp. 329-331South Africa, BotswanaBlank
DS1986-0752
1986
Kramers, J.D.Smith, C.B., Allsopp, H.L., Kramers, J.D., Hutchinson, G., Roddick, J.C.Emplacement ages of Jurassic Cretaceous South African kimberlites by the RbSR method on phlogopite and whole rocksamplesTransactions Geological Society of South Africa, Vol. 88, pt. 2, May-August pp. 249-266South AfricaGeochronology
DS1987-0373
1987
Kramers, J.D.Kramers, J.D.Link bewteen Archean continent formation and anomaloussubcontinentalmantleNature, Vol.325, January 1, pp.47-50GlobalMantle Genesis
DS1987-0689
1987
Kramers, J.D.Smith, C.B., Kramers, J.D., Jagoutz, E.Subcalcic megacrysts in kimberlite: deep lithosphere orasthenosphereorigins?Terra Cognita, Conference abstracts Oceanic and Continental Lithosphere:, Vol. 7, No. 4, Autumn, abstract only p. 624South AfricaBlank
DS1989-0828
1989
Kramers, J.D.Kramers, J.D., Ridley, J.R.Can Archean granulites be direct crystallization products from a sialicmagma layerGeology, Vol. 17, No. 5, May pp. 442-445GlobalMagma, Granulites
DS1989-1406
1989
Kramers, J.D.Smith, C.B., Allsopp, H.L., Garvie, O.G., Kramers, J.D., JacksonNote on the uranium-lead (U-Pb) (U-Pb) perovskite method for dating kimberlites: examples fromChemical Geology, Vol. 79, pp. 137-145South Africa, Northwest TerritoriesGeochronology, Perovskite
DS1990-1229
1990
Kramers, J.D.Ridley, J.R., Kramers, J.D.The evolution and tectonic consequence of a tonalitic magma layer withIn the Archean continentsCanadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 27, No. 2, February pp. 219-228Ontario, Southern AfricaTectonics, Craton
DS1991-0926
1991
Kramers, J.D.Kramers, J.D.Paradoxes of the mantle lithosphere underneath Archean continents and models for its originSchweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt, Vol. 71, pp. 175-186GlobalCraton, Harzburgite
DS1991-1699
1991
Kramers, J.D.Taylor, P.N., Kramers, J.D., Moorbath, S., Wilson, J.F., Orpenlead/lead samarium-neodymium (Sm-Nd) and rubidium-strontium (Rb-Sr) geochronology in the Archean craton of ZimbabweChemical Geology, Vol. 87, No. 3-4, October 10, pp. 175-196ZimbabweGeochronology, Craton
DS1991-1700
1991
Kramers, J.D.Taylor, P.N., Kramers, J.D., Moorbath, S., Wilson, J.F., Orpenlead/lead, samarium-neodymium (Sm-Nd) and Rubidium-Strontium geochronology in the Archean craton of ZimbabweChemical Geology, Vol. 87, No. 3-4, October 10, pp. 175-196ZimbabweGeochronology, Craton
DS1995-0145
1995
Kramers, J.D.Berger, M., Kramers, J.D., Nagler, T.F.Geochemistry and geochronology of charnoender bites in the northern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt.-genesisSchweiz. Mineral. Petrog. Mitt, Vol. 75, pp. 17-42South Africa, ZimbabweGeochemistry, Limpopo Belt -Northern Marginal Zone
DS1995-0907
1995
Kramers, J.D.Kamber, B.S., Kramers, J.D., Napier, R., Cliff, R.A.The Triangle shearzone, Zimbabwe revisited: new dat a on event at 2.0 Ga in Limpopo Belt.Precambrian Research, Vol. 70, No. 3-4, Jan. pp. 191-214.ZimbabweGeochronology, Limpopo Belt
DS1995-0908
1995
Kramers, J.D.Kamber, B.S., Kramers, J.D., Napier, R., et al.The Triangle shear zone, Zimbabwe: revisited: new dat a document event at2.0 Ga in Limpopo BeltPrecambrian Research, Vol. 70, No. 3-4, Jan. pp. 191-214ZimbabweGeochronology, Limpopo Belt
DS1997-0630
1997
Kramers, J.D.Kramers, J.D., Tolstikhin, I.N.Two terrestrial lead isotope paradoxes, forward transport modelling, coreformation... history crustChemical Geology, Vol. 139, pp. 75-110MantleAccretion, crustal growth, Core formation continental crust
DS1997-0832
1997
Kramers, J.D.Nagler, Th. F., Kramers, J.D., Kamber, B.S., Frei, R.Growth of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath Zimbabwe started at or before 3.8 Ga: Re -Os studyGeology, Vol. 25, No. 11, Nov. pp. 983-986.ZimbabweMantle, Geochronology, chromites
DS1998-0809
1998
Kramers, J.D.Kreissig, K., Nagler, T.F., Kramers, J.D.Are Archean provinces juxtaposed terranes? Isotope and trace element geochemical considerations.Mineralogical Magazine, Goldschmidt abstract, Vol. 62A, p. 813-4.South Africa, Montana, GreenlandCraton, Geochronology - rare earth elements (REE) patterns
DS1998-1060
1998
Kramers, J.D.Nagler, T.F., Kramers, J.D.neodymium isotopic evolution of the upper mantle during the Precambrian: dat a and the uncertainty of both.Precambrian Research, Vol. 91, No. 3-4, Aug. pp. 233-253.MantlePrecambrian, Geochronology
DS2003-0747
2003
Kramers, J.D.Kramers, J.D.Volatile element abundance patterns and an early liquid water ocean on EarthPrecambrian Research, Vol. 126, 3-4, Oct. pp. 379-94.GlobalGeochemistry - water
DS200412-1052
2003
Kramers, J.D.Kramers, J.D.Volatile element abundance patterns and an early liquid water ocean on Earth.Precambrian Research, Vol. 126, 3-4, Oct. pp. 379-94.GlobalGeochemistry - water
DS200612-1433
2005
Kramers, J.D.Tolstikhin, I.N., Kramers, J.D., Hofmann, A.W.A chemical Earth model with whole mantle convection: the importance of a core mantle boundary layer 'D' and its early formation.Chemical Geology, Vol. 226, 3-4, pp. 79-99.MantleConvection, model
DS200712-0579
2007
Kramers, J.D.Kramers, J.D.Heirarchical Earth accretion and the Hadean Eon.Journal of the Geological Society, Vol. 164, 1, pp. 3-18.MantleAccretion
DS201112-0865
2011
Kramers, J.D.Rigby, M.J., Basson, I.J., Kramers, J.D., Mavimbela, P.K.The structural, metamorphic and temporal evolution of the country rocks surrounding Venetia mine, Limpopo belt: evidence for a single paleoproterozoic eventPrecambrian Research, Vol. 186, 1-4, pp. 51-69.Africa, South AfricaTectonometamorphic - implications for a tectonic model
DS201312-0513
2013
Kramers, J.D.Kramers, J.D., Andreoli, M.A.G., Atanasova, M., Belyanin, G.A., Block, D.L., Franklyn, C., Harris, C., Lekgoathi, M., Montross, C.S., Ntsoane, T., Pischedda, V., Segonyane, P., Viljoen, K.S., Westraadt, J.E.Unique chemistry of a diamond bearing pebble from the Libyan desert glass strewnfield, SW Egypt: evidence for a shocked comet fragment.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol.382, pp. 21-31.Africa, EgyptShock diamonds
DS201512-1965
2015
Kramers, P.Schmidt, N., Kramers, P.The Gahcho Kue mine dewatering experience, winter 2014-2015.43rd Annual Yellowknife Geoscience Forum Abstracts, abstract p. 93.Canada, Northwest TerritoriesDeposit - Gahcho Kue

Abstract: Construction of the De Beers Gahcho Kué Mine required that a portion of Kennady Lake be dewatered to provide access to kimberlite pipes on the lakebed. The Construction Water Management Plan considered an initial dewatering volume of approximately 18.7 Mm3, to be discharged to two downstream waterbodies (Lake N11 and Kennady Lake Area 8). This dewatering was originally planned to occur during the open water season, after the spring freshet peak. The project received its Type A Water Licence from the Mackenzie Valley Land and Water Board on September 24, 2014, and before that date it had become apparent that winter dewatering would be required to prevent a significant delay in the project development. Potential adverse impacts related to winter dewatering were identified and were primarily related to aufeis development. Aufeis is defined as an ice deposit, formed by vertical growth of layers as thin flows of water are exposed to freezing temperatures. These may have adverse effects on erosion, fish and fish habitat. Action levels for winter dewatering were developed, based on site-specific hydrological characteristics, and were included in the Aquatic Effects Monitoring Program for the Mine. This allowed field measurements to be compared to action levels during the dewatering program. Field measurements included telemetry to monitor lake hydrostatic water surface elevations, as well as periodic visits to the receiving lake outlets and downstream areas to examine ice and flow conditions. Winter dewatering commenced on December 20, 2014, with pumping to Kennady Lake Area 8. Pumping was suspended on January 4, 2015, as the action level for that location was approached. Approximately 779,000 m3 of water was released over 16 days. Dewatering discharges were then pumped to Lake N11, with pumping commencing on February 1, 2015 and continuing through the winter period, as the action level for that location was not exceeded. Over the 103 day period through May 14, 2015, approximately 6,021,000 m3 of water was released. A total of 6,800,000 m3 of water was discharged from Kennady Lake over the winter dewatering period, or about 36% of the planned initial dewatering volume. Winter and subsequent open-water season reconnaissance did not identify any adverse effects due to winter dewatering. This presentation will discuss winter dewatering risks, action level development, field program observations, and factors contributing to the overall success of the program.
DS1988-0364
1988
Kramm, U.Kogarko, L.N., Kramm, U., Dudkin, O.B., Minakov, F.V.Age and genesis of carbonatites of the Khibiny alkalic pluton as inferred from rubidium-strontium isotope dataDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section, Vol. 289, No. 1-6, January pp. 196-198RussiaBlank
DS1989-1355
1989
Kramm, U.Schleicher, H., Keller, J., Kramm, U.U-Sr, neodymium and lead isotope studies on alkaline volcanicsandcarbonatites from the Kaiserstuhl Federal Republic of GermanyNew Mexico Bureau of Mines Bulletin., Continental Magmatism Abstract Volume, Held, Bulletin. No. 131, p. 235 Abstract held June 25-July 1GermanyCarbonatite
DS1990-1312
1990
Kramm, U.Schleicher, H., Keller, J., Kramm, U.Isotope studies on alkaline volcanics and carbonatites from theKaiserstuhl, Federal Republic of GermanyLithos, Special Issue, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 21-36GermanyGeochronology, Carbonatite
DS1993-0849
1993
Kramm, U.Kramm, U., Kogarko, L.N., Kononova, V.A., Vartiainen, H.The Kola alkaline province of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and Finland: precise rubidium-strontium (Rb-Sr) agesLithos, Vol. 30, No. 1, April pp. 33-44Russia, Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), FinlandAlkaline rocks, Geochronology
DS1993-1800
1993
Kramm, U.Yeremeyv, N.V., Zhuravlev, .Z., Kononova, V.A., Pervov, V.A., Kramm, U.Source and age of the potassic rocks in the Ryabinov intrusion, centralAldan.Geochemistry International, Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 105-112.Russia, AldanAlkaline rocks
DS1994-0232
1994
Kramm, U.Buhn, B., Haussinger, H., Kramm, U., et al.Tectonometamorphic patterns developed during Pan-African continental collision in Damara In land BeltChemie der Erde, Vol. 54, pp. 329-354Namibiametamorphism, Orogeny -Pan African, Congo Craton, Tectonics
DS1994-0947
1994
Kramm, U.Kramm, U.Isotope evidence for ijolite formation by fenitization - SR-Md dat a of ijolites from the type locality Iivaara, Finland.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 115, No.3, January pp. 279-286.FinlandIjolite, Geochronology
DS1994-0948
1994
Kramm, U.Kramm, U.Isotope evidence for ijolite formation by fenitization: Sr-neodymium dat a of ijolites from the type locality Livara, Finland.Contr. Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 116, No. 3, pp. 279-286.FinlandIjolites
DS1994-0949
1994
Kramm, U.Kramm, U., Kogarko, L.N.neodymium and Strontium isotope signatures of the Khibin a and Lovozero agpaitic Kola alkaline province.Lithos, Vol. 32, No. 3-4, July pp. 225-242.Russia, Kola PeninsulaGeochronology, alkaline rocks
DS1997-0631
1997
Kramm, U.Kramm, U., Maravic, H.V., Morteani, G.Neodynium and Strontium isotopic constraints on the petrogenetic relationships between carbonatites...Journal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 25, No. 1, July pp. 55-76.Democratic Republic of CongoCarbonatite, Cancrinite syenites, Lueshe alkaline complex
DS1997-0632
1997
Kramm, U.Kramm, U., Sindern, S.neodymium Strontium isotope signatures of fenites from Oldoinyo Langai - a contribution to the discussion -genesisGeological Association of Canada (GAC) Abstracts, TanzaniaCarbonatite, nephelinites, phonolites, Deposit - Oldoinyo Lengai
DS1997-1050
1997
Kramm, U.Sindern, S., Kramm, U.Cancrinite in ultrafenites: a critical mineral for rheomorphic formation of alkaline melts in Iivaara...Geological Association of Canada (GAC) Abstracts, FinlandAlkaline rocks, Deposit - Iivaara
DS1998-0804
1998
Kramm, U.Kramm, U., Sindern, S.neodymium and Strontium isotope signatures of fenites from Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania and the genetic relationship ...Journal of Petrology, Vol. 39, No. 11-12, Nov-Dec. pp. 1997-2004TanzaniaCarbonatite, nephelinites, phonolites, genesis, Deposit - Oldoinyo Lengai
DS1998-1292
1998
Kramm, U.Schleicher, H., Kramm, U., Viladkar, S.G.Enriched subcontinental Upper Mantle beneath southern India: evidence from lead neodymium Sr Co isotopic studies...Journal of Petrology, Vol. 39, No. 10, Oct. pp. 1765-86.IndiaCarbonatite, geochronology, Deposit - Tamil Nadu
DS2001-0615
2001
Kramm, U.Koerner, T., Sinden, S., Kramm, U.Mineral chemistry in fenites of Kalk field carbonatite Complex and bearing on composition of fenitising fluid.Journal of South African Earth Sciences, Vol. 32, No. 1, p. A 23 (abs)NamibiaCarbonatite, Kalkfield Complex
DS2001-0631
2001
Kramm, U.Kramm, U., Sindern, S., Downes, H.Timing of magmatism in the Kola alkaline province and the translation of isotope dates - geological processesJournal of South African Earth Sciences, Vol. 32, No. 1, p. A 23 (abs)Russia, Kola Peninsula, Baltic ShieldCarbonatite, Kola
DS2001-1082
2001
Kramm, U.Sindern, S., Kramm, U.Is there a Strontium and neodymium isotopic fingerprint of alkaline metasomatism?Journal of South African Earth Sciences, Vol. 32, No. 1, p. A 33.(abs)GlobalCarbonatite, Magmatism, geochronology - data
DS201705-0843
2017
Kramm, U.Kramm, U., Korner, T., Kittel, M., Baier, H., Sindern, S.Triassic emplacement age of the Kalkfeld complex, NW Namibia: implications for carbonatite magmatism and its relationship to the Tristan Plume.International Journal of Earth Sciences, in press available 17p.Africa, NamibiaAlkaline rocks

Abstract: Rb-Sr whole-rock and mineral isotope data from nepheline syenite, tinguaite, and carbonatite samples of the Kalkfeld Complex within the Damaraland Alkaline Province, NW Namibia, indicate a date of 242?±?6.5 Ma. This is interpreted as the age of final magmatic crystallization in the complex. The geological position of the complex and the spatially close relationship to the Lower Cretaceous Etaneno Alkaline Complex document a repeated channeling of small-scale alkaline to carbonatite melt fractions along crustal fractures that served as pathways for the mantle-derived melts. This is in line with Triassic extensional tectonic activity described for the nearby Omaruru Lineament-Waterberg Fault system. The emplacement of the Kalkfeld Complex more than 100 Ma prior to the Paraná-Etendeka event and the emplacement of the Early Cretaceous Damaraland intrusive complexes excludes a genetic relationship to the Tristan Plume. The initial ?Sr-?Nd pairs of the Kalkfeld rocks are typical of younger African carbonatites and suggest a melt source, in which EM I and HIMU represent dominant components.
DS201711-2523
2017
Kramm, U.Kramm, U., Korner, T., Kittel, M., Baier, H., Sindern, S.Triassic emplacement age of the Kalkfeld complex, NW Namibia: implications for carbonatite magmatism and its relationship to the Tristan Plume.International Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 106, pp. 2797-2813.Africa, Namibiacarbonatites

Abstract: Rb-Sr whole-rock and mineral isotope data from nepheline syenite, tinguaite, and carbonatite samples of the Kalkfeld Complex within the Damaraland Alkaline Province, NW Namibia, indicate a date of 242?±?6.5 Ma. This is interpreted as the age of final magmatic crystallization in the complex. The geological position of the complex and the spatially close relationship to the Lower Cretaceous Etaneno Alkaline Complex document a repeated channeling of small-scale alkaline to carbonatite melt fractions along crustal fractures that served as pathways for the mantle-derived melts. This is in line with Triassic extensional tectonic activity described for the nearby Omaruru Lineament-Waterberg Fault system. The emplacement of the Kalkfeld Complex more than 100 Ma prior to the Paraná-Etendeka event and the emplacement of the Early Cretaceous Damaraland intrusive complexes excludes a genetic relationship to the Tristan Plume. The initial ?Sr-?Nd pairs of the Kalkfeld rocks are typical of younger African carbonatites and suggest a melt source, in which EM I and HIMU represent dominant components.
DS201803-0459
2018
Kramm, U.Kramm, U., Korner, T., Kittel, M., Baier, H., Sindern, S.Triassic emplacement age of Kakfeld complex, NW Namibia: implications for carbonatite magmatism and its relationship to the Tristan plume.International Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 106, 8, pp. 2797-2813.Africa, Namibiacarbonatite

Abstract: Rb-Sr whole-rock and mineral isotope data from nepheline syenite, tinguaite, and carbonatite samples of the Kalkfeld Complex within the Damaraland Alkaline Province, NW Namibia, indicate a date of 242 ± 6.5 Ma. This is interpreted as the age of final magmatic crystallization in the complex. The geological position of the complex and the spatially close relationship to the Lower Cretaceous Etaneno Alkaline Complex document a repeated channeling of small-scale alkaline to carbonatite melt fractions along crustal fractures that served as pathways for the mantle-derived melts. This is in line with Triassic extensional tectonic activity described for the nearby Omaruru Lineament-Waterberg Fault system. The emplacement of the Kalkfeld Complex more than 100 Ma prior to the Paraná-Etendeka event and the emplacement of the Early Cretaceous Damaraland intrusive complexes excludes a genetic relationship to the Tristan Plume. The initial ?Sr-?Nd pairs of the Kalkfeld rocks are typical of younger African carbonatites and suggest a melt source, in which EM I and HIMU represent dominant components.
DS1987-0108
1987
Kramm, W.Chernyshev, I.V., Kononova, V.A., Kramm, W., Grauert, B.Isotopic geochronology of Ural alkaline rocks based ion zircon uranium leaddata.(Russian)Geochemiya, (Russian), No. 3, pp. 323-338GlobalBlank
DS1995-0138
1995
Kramshov, N.P.Beloborodov, V.H., Isakov, A.L., Kramshov, N.P., Sher, E.N.Behaviour of crystals in kimberlite and ice under the action of shockwaves.Journal of Min. Science, Vol. 31, No. 2, Mar-Apr. pp. 109-113. #TB408RussiaKimberlite petrography
DS1993-0022
1993
Kramskov, N.Alepilov, V.D., Kramskov, N.The development and underground mining at the International pipeDiamonds of Yakutia, pp. 159-160.Russia, YakutiaMining, Deposit -International
DS1994-1122
1994
Kramskov, N.P.Mashukov, V.I., Pirlya, K.V., Kramskov, N.P.Substaniation of a geomechanical concept for working out the kimberlite deposits of south Yakutia.Russian Journal of Mining Science, *ENG, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 355-361.Russia, YakutiaMining, Deposit -Mir
DS2003-1038
2003
Kramskov, N.P.Ovcharenko, O.V., Ainbinder, H., Shilin, K.Y., Kramskov, N.P.Geomechanical substantiation of the parameters for underground mining of MirJournal of Mining Science, ( Kluwer Academic), Vol. 38, 6, pp. 528-33.Russia, Siberia, YakutiaMining, Deposit - Mir
DS200412-1485
2003
Kramskov, N.P.Ovcharenko, O.V., Ainbinder, H., Shilin, K.Y., Kramskov, N.P.Geomechanical substantiation of the parameters for underground mining of Mir kimberlite pipe.Journal of Mining Science, Vol. 38, 6, pp. 528-33.Russia, Siberia, YakutiaMining Deposit - Mir
DS200512-0068
2001
Kramskov, N.P.Baryshnikov, V.D., Gakhova, L.N., Kramskov, N.P.Stress state of the rock mass in the vicinity of underground mining workings, pit edges, and below its bottom.Journal of Mining Science, Vol. 37, 5, pp. 462-465.RussiaMining - Aikhal
DS200512-0069
2002
Kramskov, N.P.Baryshnikov, V.D., Gakhova, L.N., Kramskov, N.P.Stress state of ore mass in the ascending slice system.Journal of Mining Science, Vol. 38, 6, pp. 608-611.RussiaMining - International
DS200512-0546
2001
Kramskov, N.P.Klishin, V.I., Sher, E.N., Kramskov, N.P., et al.Underground mining of kimberlite pipes under alluvia.Journal of Mining Science, Vol. 37, 4, pp. 421-426.RussiaOverburden - depth 80-100m
DS1960-0809
1967
Kranck, E.H.Clark, T.H., Kranck, E.H., Philpotts, A.R.Ile Ronde Breccia, MontrealCanadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 4, PP. 507-513.Canada, QuebecBlank
DS1991-0927
1991
Krantz, R.W.Krantz, R.W.Normal fault geometry and fault reactivation in tectonic inversion experiments #1The geometry of normal faults, editors Roberts, A.M., Yielding, G., No. 56, pp. 219-229GlobalStructure -faults, Fault geometry -tectonics
DS1991-0928
1991
Krantz, R.W.Krantz, R.W.Normal fault geometry and fault reactivation in tectonic inversion experiments #2Geological Society of London Special Paper, Roberts, No. 56, pp. 219-29.GlobalTectonics - faukting, rifting
DS1988-0374
1988
Krantz, W.B.Krantz, W.B., Gleason, K.J., Caine, N.Patterned ground. a commmon physical phenomena shapes these uncommon manifestations of natural geometryScientific American, Vol. 259, No. 6, December pp. 68-76. Database # 17356Montana, ColoradoGeomorphology
DS1994-0494
1994
Krapez, B.Eriksson, K.A., Krapez, B., Fralick, P.W.Sedimentology of Archean greenstone belts: signatures of tectonicevolutionEarth Science Reviews, Vol. 37, pp. 1-88South Africa, Canada, Ontario, Zimbabwe, AustraliaCraton -greenstone belts, Kaapvaal, Superior, Zimbabwe, Pilbara
DS1996-0781
1996
Krapez, B.Krapez, B.Sequence stratigraphic concepts applied -identification of basin-filling rhythms in Prec. successionsAustralian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 4, Aug. pp. 355-380AustraliaPrecambrian stratigraphy, Geometry of basins
DS1996-0782
1996
Krapez, B.Krapez, B.Sequence stratigraphic concepts applied to the identification of basin filling rhythms in PrecambrianAustralian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 4, Aug. 1, pp. 355-380AustraliaStratigraphy, Precambrian
DS1997-0633
1997
Krapez, B.Krapez, B.Sequence stratigraphic conscepts applied to identifi- cation of depositional basins and global tectonics.Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 44, No. 1, Feb. pp. 1-36AustraliaGlobal tectonic cycles, Basin stratigraphy
DS1998-0079
1998
Krapez, B.Barley, M.E., Krapez, B., Kerrich, R.The Late Archean bonanza: metallogenic and environmental consequences Of the interaction... plumesPrecambrian Research, Vol. 91, No. 1-2, Aug. 1, pp. 65-90MantlePlumes, lithospheric tectonics, Mantle plumes, lithosphere tectonics, Global cyclicity - not specific to diamonds
DS1998-0805
1998
Krapez, B.Krapez, B., Eisenlohr, B.Tectonic settings of Archean ( 3325-2775 Ma) crustal supracrustal belts inwest Pilbara BlockPrec. Research, Vol. 88, No. 1-4, Mar. pp. 173-207AustraliaPilbara Craton, Tectonics
DS1998-0948
1998
Krapez, B.Martin, D. McB., Clendenin, C.W., Krapez, B., McNaughtonTectonic and geochronological constraints on late Archean and Paleoproterozoic stratigraphic correlationJournal of the Geological Society of London, Vol. 155, pp. 311-22.South Africa, AustraliaCraton - Kaapvaal, Pilbara, Geochronology - SHRIMP
DS2000-0058
2000
Krapez, B.Barley, M.E., Krapez, B., Pickard, A.L.Late Archean 2.72 to 2.83 and early paleoproterozoic 2.47 to 2.45 Ga breakout events.Geological Society of America (GSA) Abstracts, Vol. 32, No. 7, p.A-315.AustraliaGeochronology - Proterozoic not specific to diamonds
DS2000-0533
2000
Krapez, B.Krapez, B., Brown, S.J.A., Hand, J., Barley, M., Cas, R.Age constraints on recycled crustal and supracrustal sources of Archean metasedimentary sequences.Tectonophysics, Vol. 322, No. 1-2, pp.89-133.Australia, Eastern GoldfieldsGeochronology, Subduction
DS2002-0361
2002
Krapez, B.Dawson, G.C., Krapez, B., Fletcher, I.R., McNaughton, N.J., Rasmussen, B.Did late Paleoproterozoic assembly of proto Australia involve collision between thePrecambrian Research, Vol. 118, No. 3-4, pp. 195-220.Australia, Western AustraliaTectonics, Orogeny - Albany - Fraser
DS2003-0321
2003
Krapez, B.Dawson, G.C., Krapez, B., Fletcher, I.R., McNaughton, N.J., Rasmussen, B.1.2 Ga thermal metamorphism in the Albany Fraser Orogen of western Australia:Journal of the Geological Society of London, Vol. 160, 1, pp. 29-38.AustraliaGeothermometry
DS2002-1634
2002
Krasavchikov, V.G.Valislenko, V.B., Zinchuk, N.N., Krasavchikov, V.G., Kuznetsova, L.G.Diamond potential estimation based on kimberlite major element chemistryJournal of Geochemical Exploration, Vol. 76, 2, pp. 93-112.Russia, YakutiaChemistry, diamond grade, whole rock composition, Exploration - techniques
DS201605-0903
2016
Krasheninnikov, S.P.Sobolev, A.V., Asafov, E.V., Gurenko, A.A., Arndt, N.T., Batanova, V.G., Portnyagin, M.V., Garbe-Schonberg, D., Krasheninnikov, S.P.Komatites reveal a hydrous Archaen deep mantle reservoir.Nature, Vol. 531, Mar. 31, pp. 628-632.MantleMelting

Abstract: Archaean komatiites (ultramafic lavas) result from melting under extreme conditions of the Earth’s mantle. Their chemical compositions evoke very high eruption temperatures, up to 1,600 degrees Celsius, which suggests even higher temperatures in their mantle source1, 2. This message is clouded, however, by uncertainty about the water content in komatiite magmas. One school of thought holds that komatiites were essentially dry and originated in mantle plumes3, 4, 5, 6 while another argues that these magmas contained several per cent water, which drastically reduced their eruption temperature and links them to subduction processes7, 8, 9. Here we report measurements of the content of water and other volatile components, and of major and trace elements in melt inclusions in exceptionally magnesian olivine (up to 94.5?mole per cent forsterite). This information provides direct estimates of the composition and crystallization temperature of the parental melts of Archaean komatiites. We show that the parental melt for 2.7-billion-year-old komatiites from the Abitibi greenstone belt in Canada contained 30 per cent magnesium oxide and 0.6 per cent water by weight, and was depleted in highly incompatible elements. This melt began to crystallize at around 1,530 degrees Celsius at shallow depth and under reducing conditions, and it evolved via fractional crystallization of olivine, accompanied by minor crustal assimilation. As its major- and trace-element composition and low oxygen fugacities are inconsistent with a subduction setting, we propose that its high H2O/Ce ratio (over 6,000) resulted from entrainment into the komatiite source of hydrous material from the mantle transition zone10. These results confirm a plume origin for komatiites and high Archaean mantle temperatures, and evoke a hydrous reservoir in the deep mantle early in Earth’s history.
DS202006-0914
2020
Krasheninnikov, S.P.Chayka, I.F., Sobolev, A.V., Izokh, A.E., Batanova, V.G., Krasheninnikov, S.P., Chervyakovskaya, M.V., Kontonikas-Charos, A., Kutyrev, A.V., Lobastov, B.M., Chervyakovskiy, V.S.Fingerprints of kamafugite-like magmas in Mesozoic lamproites of the Aldan Shield: evidence from olivine and olivine-hosted inclusions.Minerals, Vol. 10, 4, 30p.Russia, Siberiadeposit - Ryabinoviy

Abstract: Mesozoic (125-135 Ma) cratonic low-Ti lamproites from the northern part of the Aldan Shield do not conform to typical classification schemes of ultrapotassic anorogenic rocks. Here we investigate their origins by analyzing olivine and olivine-hosted inclusions from the Ryabinoviy pipe, a well preserved lamproite intrusion within the Aldan Shield. Four types of olivine are identified: (1) zoned phenocrysts, (2) high-Mg, high-Ni homogeneous macrocrysts, (3) high-Ca and low-Ni olivine and (4) mantle xenocrysts. Olivine compositions are comparable to those from the Mediterranean Belt lamproites (Olivine-1 and -2), kamafugites (Olivine-3) and leucitites. Homogenized melt inclusions (MIs) within olivine-1 phenocrysts have lamproitic compositions and are similar to the host rocks, whereas kamafugite-like compositions are obtained for melt inclusions within olivine-3. Estimates of redox conditions indicate that “lamproitic” olivine crystallized from anomalously oxidized magma (?NNO +3 to +4 log units.). Crystallization of "kamafugitic" olivine occurred under even more oxidized conditions, supported by low V/Sc ratios. We consider high-Ca olivine (3) to be a fingerprint of kamafugite-like magmatism, which also occurred during the Mesozoic and slightly preceded lamproitic magmatism. Our preliminary genetic model suggests that low-temperature, extension-triggered melting of mica- and carbonate-rich veined subcontitental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) generated the kamafugite-like melts. This process exhausted carbonate and affected the silicate assemblage of the veins. Subsequent and more extensive melting of the modified SCLM produced volumetrically larger lamproitic magmas. This newly recognized kamafugitic "fingerprint" further highlights similarities between the Aldan Shield potassic province and the Mediterranean Belt, and provides evidence of an overlap between "orogenic" and "anorogenic" varieties of low-Ti potassic magmatism. Moreover, our study also demonstrates that recycled subduction components are not an essential factor in the petrogenesis of low-Ti lamproites, kamafugites and leucitites.
DS202008-1411
2020
Krasheninnikov, S.P.Korneeva, A.A., Nikolai, N.A., Kamenetsky, V.S., Portnyagin, M.V., Savelyev, D.P., Krasheninnikov, S.P., Abersteiner, A., Kamenetsky, M.B., Zelenski, M.E., Shcherbakov, V.D., Botcharnikov, R.E.Composition, crystallization conditions and genesis of sulfide saturated parental melts of olivine-phyric rocks from Kamchatsky Mys ( Kamchatka, Russia).Lithos, 10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105657Russia, Kamchatkapicrites

Abstract: Sulfide liquids that immiscibly separate from silicate melts in different magmatic processes accumulate chalcophile metals and may represent important sources of the metals in Earth's crust for the formation of ore deposits. Sulfide phases commonly found in some primitive mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) may support the occurrence of sulfide immiscibility in the crust without requiring magma contamination and/or extensive fractionation. However, the records of incipient sulfide melts in equilibrium with primitive high-Mg olivine and Cr-spinel are scarce. Sulfide globules in olivine phenocrysts in picritic rocks of MORB-affinity at Kamchatsky Mys (Eastern Kamchatka, Russia) represent a well-documented example of natural immiscibility in primitive oceanic magmas. Our study examines the conditions of silicate-sulfide immiscibility in these magmas by reporting high precision data on the compositions of Cr-spinel and silicate melt inclusions, hosted in Mg-rich olivine (86.9-90 mol% Fo), which also contain globules of magmatic sulfide melt. Major and trace element contents of reconstructed parental silicate melts, redox conditions (?QFM = +0.1 ± 0.16 (1?) log. units) and crystallization temperature (1200-1285 °C), as well as mantle potential temperatures (~1350 °C), correspond to typical MORB values. We show that nearly 50% of sulfur could be captured in daughter sulfide globules even in reheated melt inclusions, which could lead to a significant underestimation of sulfur content in reconstructed silicate melts. The saturation of these melts in sulfur appears to be unrelated to the effects of melt crystallization and crustal assimilation, so we discuss the reasons for the S variations in reconstructed melts and the influence of pressure and other parameters on the SCSS (Sulfur Content at Sulfide Saturation).
DS1982-0345
1982
Krashes, B.Krashes, B.The Gemological Institute of America (gia) and the Diamond TradeIn: International Gemological Symposium Held 1982, Proceedin, PP. 27-28.GlobalProduction
DS1987-0374
1987
Krashes, L.Krashes, L.Harry Winston, the ultimate jeweler. Second editionGemological Institute of America (GIA) Publ, 218p. $ 75.00 United StatesGlobalBook review in Gems and Gemology Vol. 23, No. 3, Fall p
DS1983-0376
1983
Krashes, L.S.Krashes, L.S.Harry Winston: a Story Told in DiamondsGems And Gemology, Vol. 19, No. 1, SPRING, PP. 21-29.United StatesHistory, Biography
DS1984-0431
1984
Krashes, L.S.Krashes, L.S.Harry Winston the Ultimate JewelerGemological Institute of America (GIA) DISTRIBUTOR., United StatesBiography, Kimberley
DS1983-0382
1983
Krashnova, N.I.Landa, E.A., Krashnova, N.I., Tarhovskaya, A.N., Shergina, Y.P.The distribution of rare earths and yttrium in apatite from alkali-ultrabasic and carbonatite intrusions and the origin ofapatitemineralizationGeochemistry International, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 77-87Russia, FennoscandiaCarbonatite, Rare Earth
DS1997-0636
1997
Krasilnikova, I.G.Kravechenko, S.M., Laputina, I.P., Krasilnikova, I.G.Geochemistry and genesis of rich scandium (Sc) rare earth elements (REE) yttrium niobium ores at the Tomtor deposit, northern Siberian PlatformGeochemistry International, Vol. 34, No. 10, pp. 847-63.Russia, SiberiaCarbonatite, Deposit - Tomtor
DS1991-0935
1991
Krasinets, S.S.Kryuchokov, A.I., Nikulin, V.I., Krasinets, S.S., Lelyukh, M.I.Conditions of localization and structure of a new kimberlite body in the Aikhal area (Siberian platform)Soviet Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 52-58Russia, SiberiaKimberlite, structure, Aikhal area
DS1994-0957
1994
Krasinets, S.S.Kryuchkov, A.I., Leliukh, M.J., Krasinets, S.S., Afansiev, V.P.Two unusual Paleozoic kimberlite diatremes in the Daldyn-Alakit region Of the Siberian PlatformProceedings of Fifth International Kimberlite Conference, Vol. 1, pp. 34-39.Russia, SiberiaDaldyn-Alakit, Kimberlite diatremes
DS2003-1256
2003
Krasivskaya, I.S.Sharkov, E.V., Trubkin, N.V., Krasivskaya, I.S., Bogatikov, O.A., Mokhov, A.V.The oldest volcanic glass in the Early Paleoproterozoic boninite type lavas, KarelianDoklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 390, 4, May-June pp. 580-4.Russia, KareliaBoninite
DS200412-1794
2003
Krasivskaya, I.S.Sharkov, E.V., Trubkin, N.V., Krasivskaya, I.S., Bogatikov, O.A., Mokhov, A.V.The oldest volcanic glass in the Early Paleoproterozoic boninite type lavas, Karelian craton: results of instrumental investigatDoklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 390, 4, May-June pp. 580-4.Russia, KareliaBoninites
DS201312-0539
2013
Krasnicki, S.Liang, Q., Meng, Y., Yan, C., Krasnicki, S., Lai, J., Hemawan, K., Shu,H., Popov, D., Yu,T., Yang, W., Mao, H., Hemley, R.Developments in synthesis, characterization, and application of large high-quality CVD single crystal diamond.Journal of Superhard Materials, Vol. 35, 4, pp. 195-213.TechnologyDiamond synthetics
DS1989-1566
1989
Krasnobaev, A.A.Votyakov, S.L., Ilupin, I.P., Krasnobaev, A.A., Krokhalev, V.Ya.ESR and luminescence of zircons and apatites from kimberlites of SiberiaGeochemistry International (Geokhimiya), (Russian), No. 1, pp. 29-35RussiaLuminescence, Zircons, apatite
DS200412-0541
2004
Krasnobaev, A.A.Fedorov, Y.N., Krinochkin, V.G., Ivanov, K.S., Krasnobaev, A.A., Kaleganov, B.A.Stages of tectonic reactivation of the west Siberian platform ( based on K Ar dating).Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 397, 5, pp. 628-631.Russia, SiberiaTectonics
DS201012-0412
2010
Krasnobaev, A.A.Krasnobaev, A.A., Rusin, A.I., Valizer, P.M., Busharina, S.V.Zirconology of calcite carbonatite of the Vishnevogorsk massif, southern Urals.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 431, 1, pp. 390-393.Russia, UralsCarbonatite
DS201312-0515
2013
Krasnobaev, A.A.Krasnobaev, A.A., Valizer, P.M., Cherednichenko, S.V., Busharina, S.V., Medvedeva, E.V., Presyakov, S.L.Zirconology of carbonate rocks ( marbles-carbonatites) of the Ilmeno-Visnevogorskii complex, southern Urals.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 450, 1, pp. 504-508.Russia, UralsCarbonatite
DS201412-0571
2014
Krasnobaev, A.A.Medvedeva, E.V., Rusin, A.I., Krasnobaev, A.A., Baneva, N.N., Valizer, P.M.Structural compositional evolution and isotopic age of Ilmeny Vishnevogorsky complex, south urals, Russia.30th. International Conference on Ore Potential of alkaline, kimberlite and carbonatite magmatism. Sept. 29-, Russia, UralsCarbonatite
DS1975-1105
1979
Krasnobayev, A.A.Krasnobayev, A.A.(mineralogical and Geochemical Pecularities of Kimberlite Zircons, and Problems of Their Genesis.)Akad. Nauk Sssr Izv. Ser. Geol., Vol. 1979, No. 8, PP. 85-96.RussiaKimberlite
DS1989-1567
1989
Krasnobayev, A.A.Votyakov, S.L., Ilupin, I.P., Krasnobayev, A.A., Krokhalev, V.Ya.ESR and luminescence of Siberian kimberlite zircon and apatiteGeochemistry International, Vol. 26, No. 8, pp. 26-32RussiaSpectroscopy -luminesence, Zircon/apatite
DS201604-0590
2015
Krasnoperov, A.V.Alexakhin, V.Yu., Bystritsky, V.M., Zamyatin, N.I., Zubarev, E.V., Krasnoperov, A.V., Rapatsky, V.L., Rogov, Yu.N., Sadovsky, A.B., Salamatin, A.V., Salmin, R.A., Sapozhnikov, M.G., Slepnev, V.M., Khabarov, S.V., Razinkov,E.A., Tarasov, O.G., Nikitin,G.M.Detection of diamonds in kimberlite by the tagged neutron method.Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A., A785, pp. 9-13.TechnologyMethodology

Abstract: A new technology for diamond detection in kimberlite based on the tagged neutron method is proposed. The results of experimental researches on irradiation of kimberlite samples with 14.1-MeV tagged neutrons are discussed. The source of the tagged neutron flux is a portable neutron generator with a built-in 64-pixel silicon alpha-detector with double-sided stripped readout. Characteristic gamma rays resulting from inelastic neutron scattering on nuclei of elements included in the composition of kimberlite are registered by six gamma-detectors based on BGO crystals. The criterion for diamond presence in kimberlite is an increased carbon concentration within a certain volume of the kimberlite sample.
DS201012-0559
2010
Krasnoshchekov, D.N.Ovtchimnikov, V.M., Kaazik, P.B., Krasnoshchekov, D.N.The velocity anomaly in the Earth's outer core.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 433, 2, pp. 1127-1131.MantleGeophysics - seismics
DS1975-0028
1975
Krasnov, A.A.Bazarova, T. YU., Krasnov, A.A.Temperature and Sequence of Crystallization of Some Leucite bearing Basaltoids.Doklady Academy of Sciences Nauk SSSR., Vol. 222, No. 4, PP. 935-938.RussiaLeucite
DS200512-0577
2003
Krasnova, N.Krasnova, N., Petrov, T.A new rock classification system applied to ultrabasic alkaline and phoscorite carbonatite rocks.Periodico di Mineralogia, (in english), Vol. LXX11, 1. April, pp. 115-123.Classifcation - RHA rank formula
DS201112-0551
2011
Krasnova, N.Krasnova, N., Petrov, T., Korolev, N.The RHA coding of mineral compositions of alkaline rocks exemplified by the nepheline syenite family.Deep Seated Magmatism, its sources and plumes, Ed. Vladykin, N.V., pp. 234-TechnologyNomenclature - rank, entropy,purity
DS1983-0384
1983
KRASNOVA, N.i.Landa, E.A., Murina, G.A, SHERAGINA, Yu.p., KRASNOVA, N.i.Isotopic Composition of Strontium in Apatite and Apatite Bearing Rocks of Carbonatite Complexes.Geochemistry International (Geokhimiya), Vol. 20, No. 3, PP. 214-216.RussiaRelated Rocks
DS1988-0375
1988
Krasnova, N.I.Krasnova, N.I.Diagnostic features of MetasomatismInternational Geology Review, Vol. 30, No. 10, October pp. 1070-1083. Database # 1787RussiaMetsomatisM., Structure
DS1996-0783
1996
Krasnova, N.I.Krasnova, N.I.Distribution of major ore types at the Kovdor carbonatite Massif, Kola peninsula Russia.International Geological Congress 30th Session Beijing, Abstracts, Vol. 2, p. 382.Russia, Kola PeninsulaCarbonatite, Deposit -Kovdor
DS1997-0634
1997
Krasnova, N.I.Krasnova, N.I.The role of metasomatism in the formation of carbonatite massifs:geological, mineralogical, geocheM.Geological Association of Canada (GAC) Abstracts, POSTER.GlobalCarbonatite
DS1997-0981
1997
Krasnova, N.I.Rudashevsky, N.B., Krasnova, N.I.Sulphide and noble metal mineralization in the Kovdor Massif KolaPeninsula: heterogeneity in carbonatite...Geological Association of Canada (GAC) Abstracts, POSTER.Russia, Kola PeninsulaCarbonatite, Sulphides, precious metals
DS2001-0632
2001
Krasnova, N.I.Krasnova, N.I.The Kovdor phlogopite deposit, Kola Peninsula, RussiaCan. Mineralog., Vol. 39, No. 1, Feb. No. 33-44.Russia, Kola PeninsulaCarbonatite, alkaline, Deposit - Kovdor
DS2001-0633
2001
Krasnova, N.I.Krasnova, N.I.Calcite carbonatite pegmatite with perovskite from the Kovdor Massif, KolaPeninsula, Russia.Journal of South African Earth Sciences, Vol. 32, No. 1, p. A 24 (abs)Russia, Kola Peninsula, Baltic ShieldCarbonatite, Kovdor Massif
DS200512-0578
2003
Krasnova, N.I.Krasnova, N.I.Kovdor apatite francolite deposit as an example of explosive and phreatomagmatic endogeneous activity in the ultramafic alkaline and carbonatite complex Kola.Plumes and problems of deep sources of alkaline magmatism, pp. 155-170.Russia, Kola PeninsulaCarbonatite, Kovdor
DS200612-0449
2006
Krasnova, T.S.Gertner, I.F., Glazunov, O.M., Vrublevskii, V.V., Krasnova, T.S., Tishin, P.A.Geochemical and isotopic constraints for the formation model of the Kingash ultramafic and mafic complex, eastern Sayan ridge, central Siberia.Vladykin: VI International Workshop, held Mirny, Deep seated magmatism, its sources and plumes, pp. 188-206.Russia, SiberiaGeochronology
DS1995-1017
1995
Krasnyi, L.I.Krasnyi, L.I., Shcheglov, A.D.Pacific mobile belt as a unique ore heterogeneity of the GlobeGeology of Ore Deposits, Vol. 37, No. 4, July-August, pp. 252-259RussiaMetallogeny, Tectonics, mobile belt
DS1998-0806
1998
Krasnyi, L.I.Krasnyi, L.I.The Earth's superstructures: geostructural features and relatedmineragenesis.Doklady Academy of Sciences, Vol. 361, No. 5, pp. 629-31.MantleTectonics, Metallogeny
DS200412-1795
2004
Krassivskaya, I.S.Sharkov, E.V., Trubkin, N.V., Krassivskaya, I.S., Bogatikov, O.A., Mokhov, A.V., Chistyakov, EvseevaStructural and compositional characteristics of the oldest volcanic glass in the early paleoproterozoic boninite like lavas of sPetrology, Vol.12, 3, pp. 227-244.Russia, KareliaBoninites
DS201707-1300
2017
Kratky, O.Ackerman, L., Magna, T., Rapprich, V., Upadhyay, D., Kratky, O., Cejkova, B., Erban, V., Kochergina, Y.V., Hrstka, T.Contrasting petrogenesis of spatially related carbonatites from Samalpatti and Sevattur, Tamil Nadu, India.Lithos, Vol. 284-285, pp. 257-275.Indiacarbonatite - Samalpatti, Sevattur

Abstract: Two Neoproterozoic carbonatite suites of spatially related carbonatites and associated silicate alkaline rocks from Sevattur and Samalpatti, south India, have been investigated in terms of petrography, chemistry and radiogenic–stable isotopic compositions in order to provide further constraints on their genesis. The cumulative evidence indicates that the Sevattur suite is derived from an enriched mantle source without significant post-emplacement modifications through crustal contamination and hydrothermal overprint. The stable (C, O) isotopic compositions confirm mantle origin of Sevattur carbonatites with only a modest difference to Paleoproterozoic Hogenakal carbonatite, emplaced in the same tectonic setting. On the contrary, multiple processes have shaped the petrography, chemistry and isotopic systematics of the Samalpatti suite. These include pre-emplacement interaction with the ambient crustal materials with more pronounced signatures of such a process in silicocarbonatites. Calc-silicate marbles present in the Samalpatti area could represent a possible evolved end member due to the inability of common silicate rocks (pyroxenites, granites, diorites) to comply with radiogenic isotopic constraints. In addition, Samalpatti carbonatites show a range of C–O isotopic compositions, and ?13CV-PDB values between + 1.8 and + 4.1‰ found for a sub-suite of Samalpatti carbonatites belong to the highest values ever reported for magmatic carbonates. These heavy C–O isotopic signatures in Samalpatti carbonatites could be indicative of massive hydrothermal interaction with carbonated fluids. Unusual high-Cr silicocarbonatites, discovered at Samalpatti, seek their origin in the reaction of pyroxenites with enriched mantle-derived alkali-CO2-rich melts, as also evidenced by mantle-like O isotopic compositions. Field and petrographic observations as well as isotopic constraints must, however, be combined with the complex chemistry of incompatible trace elements as indicated from their non-uniform systematics in carbonatites and their individual fractions. We emphasise that, beside common carriers of REE like apatite, other phases may be important for incompatible element budgets, such as mckelveyite–(Nd) and kosmochlor, found in these carbonatites. Future targeted studies, including in-situ techniques, could help further constrain temporal and petrologic conditions of formation of Sevattur and Samalpatti carbonatite bodies.
DS201709-2025
2017
Kratky, O.Magalhaes, N., Magna, T., Rapprich, V., Kratky, O., Farquhar, J.Sulfur isotope systematics in carbonatites from Sevattur and Samalpatti, S India.Goldschmidt Conference, abstract 1p.Indiacarbonatites, Sevattur, Samalpatti

Abstract: We report preliminary data for sulfur isotopes from two spatially related Neoproterozoic carbonatite complexes in Tamil Nadu, S India, with the aim of getting further insights into their magmatic and/or post-emplacement histories [1]. The major sulfide phase in these rocks is pyrite, with minor chalcopyrite, whereas sulfate occurs as barite. A bimodal distribution of G34Ssulfide is found for Samalpatti (13.5 to 14.0‰), and Sevattur (?2.1 to 1.4‰) carbonatites. A significantly larger range of G34Ssulfide values is found for the associated Samalpatti silicate rocks (?5.2 to 7.4‰) relative to Sevattur pyroxenites and gabbros (?1.1 to 2.1‰). High G34Ssulfide values for Samalpatti carbonatites are unsual [2,3] but could reflect hydrothermal post-emplacement modification [1] of S isotopes. The low G34Ssulfide values for Sevattur may represent a mantle source signature. The G34Ssulfate is uniformly positive for both complexes, with most data falling in a narrow range (5.7 to 7.8‰) and one datum for a pyroxenite yielding more positive G34Ssulfate = 13.3‰. Data for '33S varies outside of analytical uncertainty (?0.07 to 0.04‰), indicating contribution from a source with a surface-derrived component. The small range of '33S values does not allow us to determine whether these sources contain S fractionated by biogeochemical (mass-dependent) or photochemical (mass-independent, pre GOE) processes. Data for '36S is positive, and varies within uncertainty (0.28 ± 0.15‰). Variations of this magnitude have been observed in other localities, and are not diagnostic of any unique source or process. The sulfur isotope data imply addition of crustal sulfur to Samalpatti. In contrast, sulfur from Sevattur has a mantle-like G34S but '33S with anomalous character. These observations support the idea of a different evolutionary story for these complexes, possibly more complex than previously thought.
DS201801-0001
2017
Kratky, O.Ackerman, L., Magna, T., Rapprich, V., Upadhyay, D., Kratky, O., Cejkova, B., Erban, V., Kochergina, Y.V., Hrstka, T.Contrasting petrogenesis of spatially related carbonatites from Samalpatti and Sevattur, Tamil Nadu, India: insights from trace element and isotopic geochemistry.Carbonatite-alkaline rocks and associated mineral deposits , Dec. 8-11, abstract p. 31-33.Indiadeposit - Samalpatti, Sevattur

Abstract: The Tamil Nadu region in southern India hosts several carbonatite bodies (e.g., Hogenakal, Samalpatti, Sevattur, Pakkanadu-Mulakkadu) which are closely associated with alkaline silicate rocks such as syenites, pyroxenites or dunites (e.g, Kumar et al., 1998; Schleicher et al., 1998; Srivastava, 1998). This is in contrast to the carbonatite occurrences in north-western India associated with the Deccan Trap basalts (e.g., Amba Dongar) or Proterozoic Newania dolomitic carbonatites. We have studied two, spatially related, Neoproterozoic carbonatite-silico(carbonatite) suites in association with alkaline silicate rocks (e.g., pyroxenite, gabbro) from Sevattur and Samalpatti in terms of petrography, chemistry and radiogenic-stable isotopic compositions in order to provide constraints on their genesis and evolution. In these two bodies, several different carbonatite types have been reported previously with striking differences in their trace element and isotopic compositions (Srivastava, 1998; Viladkar and Subramanian, 1995; Schleicher et al., 1998; Pandit et al., 2002). Collected data for previously poorly studied calcite carbonatites from the Sevattur representing the first carbonatite magmas on this locality, indicate similar geochemical characteristics to those of dolomitic carbonatites, such as high LREE/HREE ratios, very high Sr and Ba contents, large amounts of apatite and magnetite, identical Sr-Nd-C-O isotopic compositions. Thus, they were derived from an enriched mantle source without significant post-emplacement modifications through crustal contamination and hydrothermal overprint, in agreement with previous studies (e.g., Schleicher et al., 1998). Detailed microprobe analyses revealed that high levels of some incompatible elements (e.g., REE, Y, Sr, Ba) cannot be accounted by matrix calcite hosting only significant amounts of SrO (~0.6-1.2 wt.%). On the other hand, abundant micro- to nano-scale exsolution lamellae and/or inclusions of mckelveyite-(Nd) appear to host a significant fraction of LREE in parallel with apatite. Distribution of Sr is most likely influenced also by common but heterogeneously dispersed barite and strontianite. Newly acquired as well as detailed inspection of available geochemical data permits distinguish two different types of carbonatites in Samalpatti: (1) Type I similar to Sevattur carbonatites in terms of mineralogy, trace element and radiogenic-stable isotopic compositions and (2) Type II with remarkably low concentrations of REE and other incompatible trace elements, more radiogenic Sr isotopic compositions and extremely variable C–O isotopic values. The petrogenesis of the Type II seems to be intimately associated with the presence of silicocarbonatites and abundant silicate mineral domains. Instead of liquid immiscible separation from a silicate magma, elevated SiO2 contents observed in silico-carbonatites may have resulted from the interaction of primary carbonatitic melts and crustal rocks prior to and/or during magma emplacement. Arguments for such hypothesis include variable, but radiogenic Sr isotopic compositions correlated with SiO2 and other lithophile elements (e.g., Ti, Y, Zr, REE). Calc-silicate marbles present in the Samalpatti area could represent a possible evolved crustal end member for such process due to the inability of common silicate rocks (pyroxenites, granites, diorites) to comply with radiogenic isotopic constraints. The wide range of C-O isotopic compositions found in Samalpatti carbonatites belong to the highest values ever reported for magmatic carbonates and can be best explained by massive hydrothermal interaction with carbonated fluids. Unusual high-Cr silicocarbonatites were discovered at Samalpatti forming centimetre to decimetre-sized enclaves enclosed in pyroxenites with sharp contacts at hand specimen scale. Detailed microprobe analyses revealed peculiar chemical compositions of the Mgamphibole with predominantly sodic composition embaying and replacing Na-Cr-rich pyroxene (kosmochlor), accompanied by the common presence of Cr-spinel and titanite. Such association have been reported for hydrous metasomatism by Na-rich carbonatitic melts at upper mantle conditions (Ali and Arai, 2013). However, the mineralogy and the mode of occurrence of Samalpatti Mg–-r-rich silicocarbonatites argue against such origin. We explain the petrogenesis of these rocks through the reaction of pyroxenites with enriched mantle-derived alkali-CO2-rich melts, as also evidenced by mantle-like O and Hf isotopic compositions.
DS1982-0346
1982
Kratos uranium nl., MINATOME AUSTRALIA PTY. LTD.Kratos uranium nl., MINATOME AUSTRALIA PTY. LTD., Wyoming mine.El 1016 Pandanus Creek Exploration Programme, Relinquishment Report, 1976-1982.Northern Territory Geological Survey Open File Report, No. CR 82-213, 25P.Australia, Northern TerritoryDiamond Prospecting
DS201704-0628
2017
Kratschell, A.Hannington, M., Petersen, S., Kratschell, A.Subsea mining moves closer to shore.Nature Geoscience, Vol. 10, 3, pp. 158-159.TechnologyMining - seabed

Abstract: Mining the deep seabed is fraught with challenges. Untapped mineral potential under the shallow, more accessible continental shelf could add a new dimension to offshore mining and help meet future mineral demand.
DS1990-0885
1990
Kratschmer, W.Kratschmer, W., Lamb, L.D., Fostiropoulos, K., Huffman, D.R.Solid C 60: a new form of carbonNature, Vol. 347, No. 6291, September 27, pp. 354-358GlobalExperimental petrology, Carbon- Solid C 60
DS1975-0547
1977
Kratsov, A.I.Kratsov, A.I., Kroptova, O.I., Voytov, G.I., Ivanov, V.A.Isotopic Composition of Carbon of Diamonds and Carbon Compounds in Pipes of the East Siberian Diamond Province.Dokl. Academy of Science Ussr, Earth Sci. Section., Vol. 223, No. 1-6, PP. 206-208.RussiaGeochronology
DS2003-1228
2003
Kratz, K.L.Schmidt, G., Witt Eiscksen, G., Palme, H., Seek, H., Spettel, B., Kratz, K.L.Highly siderophile elements ( PGE Re and Au) in mantle xenoliths from the west EiffelChemical Geology, Vol. 196, No. 1-4, pp. 77-105.GermanyXenoliths
DS200412-1757
2003
Kratz, K.L.Schmidt, G., Witt Eiscksen, G., Palme, H., Seek, H., Spettel, B., Kratz, K.L.Highly siderophile elements ( PGE Re and Au) in mantle xenoliths from the west Eiffel volcanic field, Germany.Chemical Geology, Vol. 196, no. 1-4, pp. 77-105.Europe, GermanyXenoliths
DS1983-0377
1983
Kratz, K.O.Kratz, K.O.Dike Swarms in the Crustal StructureDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section, Vol. 273, Nov-Dec, pp. 72-74RussiaDyke
DS2001-0634
2001
Kratz, O.Kratz, O.The rocky road to literary fame: Marcel Proust and the diamond synthesis of Professor Moissan.Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 40, No. 24, pp. 4604-10.UNC1016851246HistoryMoissanite
DS1996-0444
1996
Kratzing, D.C.Farrell, T.P., Kratzing, D.C.Environmental effectsEnvironmental Management in Australia Minerals and Energy, UNSW Press, pp. 14-45AustraliaExploration phase, mining phase, Environmental - exploration
DS1900-0259
1904
Kraus, E.H.Kraus, E.H.A New Exposure of Serpentine at Syracuse New YorkAmerican Geologist., Vol. 25, PP. 330-332.United States, Appalachia, New YorkGeology, Petrography
DS1930-0069
1931
Kraus, E.H.Kraus, E.H., Holden, E.F.Gems and Gem Materials. #2New York: Mcgraw Hill, 260P.GlobalDiamond Morphology, Crystallography, Kimberley
DS1930-0303
1939
Kraus, E.H.Kraus, E.H., Slawson, C.B.Variation of Hardness of DiamondAmerican Mineralogist., Vol. 24, PP. 661-676.GlobalDiamond Morphology
DS1930-0304
1939
Kraus, E.H.Kraus, E.H., Slwason, C.B.Variation of Hardness in the DiamondAmerican MINERALOGIST., Vol. 24, No. 11, PP. 661-676.GlobalDiamond Morphology
DS1940-0050
1942
Kraus, E.H.Kraus, E.H., et al.Second Symposium on DiamondsAmerican MINERALOGIST., Vol. 27, No. 3, PP. 162-191.GlobalBlank
DS1940-0051
1942
Kraus, E.H.Kraus, E.H., et al.Symposium on DiamondsAmerican MINERALOGIST., Vol. 27, No. 3, PP. 162-191.South Africa, GlobalGeology, Mineralogy
DS1940-0119
1946
Kraus, E.H.Kraus, E.H., et al.Third Symposium on DiamondsAmerican MINERALOGIST., Vol. 31, No. 3-4, PP. 135-167.GlobalBlank
DS1940-0154
1947
Kraus, E.H.Kraus, E.H., Slawson, C.B.Gems and Gem Materials. #1New York: Mcgraw Hill, UNKNOWN.GlobalKimberley, Gemology
DS1975-0310
1976
Kraus, P. D.Kraus, P. D.Diamond: Birthstone for MayLapidary Journal, Vol. 30, No. 1, PP. 480-482; 484; 486.GlobalBlank
DS201903-0532
2019
Krause, A.J.Mills, B.J.W., Krause, A.J., Scotese, C.R., Hill, D.J., Shields, G.A., Lenton, T.M.Modelling the long term carbon cycle, atmospheric CO2, and Earth surface temperature from late Neoproterozoic to present day.Gondwana Research, Vol. 67, pp. 172-186.Mantlecarbon

Abstract: Over geological timescales, CO2 levels are determined by the operation of the long term carbon cycle, and it is generally thought that changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration have controlled variations in Earth's surface temperature over the Phanerozoic Eon. Here we compile independent estimates for global average surface temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration, and compare these to the predictions of box models of the long term carbon cycle COPSE and GEOCARBSULF. We find a strong relationship between CO2 forcing and temperature from the proxy data, for times where data is available, and we find that current published models reproduce many aspects of CO2 change, but compare poorly to temperature estimates. Models are then modified in line with recent advances in understanding the tectonic controls on carbon cycle source and sink processes, with these changes constrained by modelling 87Sr/86Sr ratios. We estimate CO2 degassing rates from the lengths of subduction zones and rifts, add differential effects of erosion rates on the weathering of silicates and carbonates, and revise the relationship between global average temperature changes and the temperature change in key weathering zones. Under these modifications, models produce combined records of CO2 and temperature change that are reasonably in line with geological and geochemical proxies (e.g. central model predictions are within the proxy windows for >~75% of the time covered by data). However, whilst broad long-term changes are reconstructed, the models still do not adequately predict the timing of glacial periods. We show that the 87Sr/86Sr record is largely influenced by the weathering contributions of different lithologies, and is strongly controlled by erosion rates, rather than being a good indicator of overall silicate chemical weathering rates. We also confirm that a combination of increasing erosion rates and decreasing degassing rates over the Neogene can cause the observed cooling and Sr isotope changes without requiring an overall increase in silicate weathering rates. On the question of a source or sink dominated carbon cycle, we find that neither alone can adequately reconstruct the combination of CO2, temperature and strontium isotope dynamics over Phanerozoic time, necessitating a combination of changes to sources and sinks. Further progress in this field relies on >108?year dynamic spatial reconstructions of ancient tectonics, paleogeography and hydrology. Whilst this is a significant challenge, the latest reconstruction techniques, proxy records and modelling advances make this an achievable target.
DS1910-0067
1910
Krause, C.Krause, C.Notess on the German Southwest Africa DiamondsGeological Society of South Africa Transactions, Vol. 13, PP. 61-64.Southwest Africa, NamibiaGeology, Littoral Diamond Placers
DS1900-0678
1908
Krause, H.L.Krause, H.L.Discussion on the Paper by Voit Entitled Kimberlite Dykes and Pipes. #1Geological Society of South Africa Proceedings, Vol. 10, PP. XLIX-LIII.South Africa, Griqualand West, TransvaalPetrology, Kimberlite Mines And Pipes
DS2002-0604
2002
Krause, S.Gotze, H.J.,Krause, S.The Central Andean gravity high, a relic of an old subduction complex?Journal of South American Earth Sciences, Vol.14,8,March pp. 799-811.AndesTectonics - subduction
DS200512-0579
2004
Krauss, C.Krauss, C., Chacko, T., Heaman, L., Whiteford, S.Lower crustal xenoliths from the Diavik mine - a preliminary examination of pressure - temperature conditions.32nd Yellowknife Geoscience Forum, Nov. 16-18, p.44. (poster)Canada, Northwest TerritoriesGeochronology
DS200712-0580
2007
Krauss, C.Krauss, C., Chacko, T., Heaman, L.M.Petrological and geochronological investigation of lower crustal xenoliths from the Diavik diamond mine, Slave Craton NWT.Geological Association of Canada, Gac-Mac Yellowknife 2007, May 23-25, Volume 32, 1 pg. abstract p.45.Canada, Northwest TerritoriesDiavik - geochronology
DS1920-0450
1929
Krauss, F.Krauss, F.Synthetische EdelsteineBerlin: Verlag Von Georg Stilke., 133P.GlobalKimberlite
DS1987-0375
1987
Kravcehnko, S.M.Kravcehnko, S.M., Bagdasraov, Yu.A.Geochemistry, mineralogy and genesis of apatitecontainingmassifs(Maimecha-Kotui carbonatiteprovince) USSR.(Russian)Nauka Moscow, (Russian), 129pRussiaCarbonatite
DS1986-0689
1986
Kravchenko, G.L.Rusakov, N.F., Kravchenko, G.L.The structure of the Chernigov carbonatite massif, the Azov searegion.(Russian)Geol. Zhurn. (Russian), Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 112-118RussiaPetrology, Carbonatite
DS1997-0635
1997
Kravchenko, S.Kravchenko, S., Schachotko, L.I., Rass, I.T.Moho discontinuity relief and the distribution of kimberlites and carbonatites in the northern SiberianGlobal Tectonics and Metallogeny, Vol. 6, No. 2, March pp. 137-140.Russia, SiberiaMantle - MOHO, Platform
DS1998-0807
1998
Kravchenko, S.Kravchenko, S.Giant carbonatite nepheline syenite concentric massifs with the largest rare earth elements (REE),niobium, phosphate deposits.Global Tectonics and Metallogeny, Vol. 6, 3-4, Apr. pp. 191-194.RussiaCarbonatite, Structure
DS2001-0296
2001
Kravchenko, S.Elming, S.A., Mikhalova, N.P., Kravchenko, S.Paleomagnetism of Proterozoic rocks from the Ukrainian Shield: new tectonic reconstructions of the Shields.Tectonophysics, Vol. 339, No. 1-2, pp. 19-38.Ukraine, Europe, FennoscandiaTectonics - paleomagnetics
DS1980-0195
1980
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M., Yegorov, I.S., et al.Rare Earths and Strontium in Apatites As Indicators of Rock genesis for the Ultramafic Alkaline Formation of the Maymecha-kotny Province.Geochemistry International (Geokhimiya)., 1980, No. 12, PP. 1835-1843.RussiaRare Earth Elements (ree)
DS1984-0432
1984
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M., Katayeva, Z.T., Serdobova, L.I., Lyapunov, S.M.Lateral zoning of alkalic ultramafic provinces, as expressed in the distribution of mean trace element concentrations in like rocks and mineralsDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section, Vol. 274, Jan-Feb. pp. 200-204RussiaCarbonatite, Odikhincha, Rare Earth
DS1985-0367
1985
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M., Rass, I.T.Alkaline Ultrabasic Formation- the Paragenesis of 2 Comagmatic Series.Doklady Academy of Sciences AKAD. NAUK SSSR., Vol. 283, No. 4, PP. 973-978.RussiaBlank
DS1986-0462
1986
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M., Bagdasarov, Yu.A., Kirichenko, V.T.Geochemistry of barium bearing weathering crusts in the Yesseymassif, Maymecha Kotuy Province North SiberiaGeochem. Internat, Vol. No. 2, pp. 17-27RussiaGeochemistry, Carbonatite
DS1986-0662
1986
Kravchenko, S.M.Rass, I.T., Kravchenko, S.M., Laputina, I.P.Pyroxene zoning and the genesis of alkalic ultramafic rocksDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section, Vol. 280, No. 1-6, October pp. 117-122RussiaAlkaline rocks
DS1988-0376
1988
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M., Bagdasarov, Yu.A., Lapin, A.V.Geological and mineral genetic new dat a on carbonatite formations.(Russian)Geologii i Geofiziki, (Russian), No. 11, PP. 22-31RussiaCarbonatite
DS1990-0886
1990
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M., Belyakov, A.Yu., Kubyshev, A.I., Tolstov, A.V.Scandium rare earth yttrium niobium ores - a new economic resourceInternational Geology Review, Vol. 32, No. 3, March pp. 280-284BrazilCarbonatite, Rare earths Araxa
DS1991-1362
1991
Kravchenko, S.M.Pokrovskiy, B.G., Belyakov, A.Yu., Kravchenko, S.M., GryaznovaIsotope dat a on the origin of carbonatites and mineralized strat a in the Tomtor intrusion, northwest YakutiaGeochemistry International, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 93-101RussiaCarbonatite, Geochronology
DS1992-0891
1992
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M., et al.Calcium content increasing in mantle alkaline-ultrabasic melts by increasing of melting depthsProceedings of the 29th International Geological Congress. Held Japan, Vol. 2, abstract p. 539MantleModel,mantle, Kimberlites
DS1992-0892
1992
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M., Belyakov, A.Yu., et al.Khibiny Massif sodic nepheline syenites as likely derivatives of a high Calcium alkali ultrabasic magmaGeochemistry International, Vol. 29, No. 12, pp. 75-86RussiaAlkaline rocks
DS1993-0850
1993
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M.Evolution of igneous activity of the mantleDoklady Academy of Sciences USSR, Earth Science Section, Vol. 319, No. 5, April 1993 pp. 116-122MantleCrust
DS1993-0851
1993
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M.Evolution of igneous activity of the mantleDoklady Academy of Sciences USSR, Vol. 318, pp. 116-122.MantleKimberlite
DS1993-0852
1993
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M.Kimberlites -different deep mantle magmas differentiated series...(Russian)Doklady Academy of Sciences Akademy Nauk SSSR*(in Russian), Vol. 332, No. 2, Sept. pp. 209-213.RussiaMantle magmas, Kimberlites
DS1993-0853
1993
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M., Belyakov, A.Yu., Pokrovskiy, B.G.Geochemistry and origin of the Tomtor massif in the North SiberianPlatformGeochemistry International, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 20-36.RussiaAlkali ultrabasic complex, Rare earth
DS1994-0950
1994
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M., Belyakov, A.Yu., Pokrovskiy, B.G.Geochemistry and origin of the Tomtor Massif (North Siberian Platform)Doklady Academy of Sciences Acad. Science, Vol. 322, pp. 170-176.Russia, SiberiaCarbonatite, Tomtor Massif
DS1995-1018
1995
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M.Giant carbonatite nepheline syenite concentric massifs with the biggest rare earth elements (REE),niobium, phosphorus deposits.Iagod Giant Ore Deposits Workshop, J. Kutina, 9p.RussiaCarbonatite, Deposit -Tomtor, Khibina, Lovozero
DS1995-1019
1995
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M.The Tomtor alkaline ultrabasic massif and related rare earth elements (REE)-Nb deposits NorthernSiberia.Economic Geology, Vol. 90, No. 3, May pp. 676-689.Russia, SiberiaAlkaline rocks, Carbonatite
DS1995-1020
1995
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M., Schachoto, L.I., Rass, I.T.The MOHO discontinuity relief and the distribution of kimberlites and carbonatites over the northern craton.Iagod Giant Ore Deposits Workshop, J. Kutina, 10p.RussiaSiberian Platform, Distribution -kimberlites
DS1996-0784
1996
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M.The discovery of the Tomtor Massif in northern part of the SiberianPlatform. comparison with Khibina, KolaGlobal Tectonics and Metallogeny, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 41-55Russia, Anabar ShieldCarbonatite, alkaline, Tomtor Massif
DS1996-0785
1996
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M.The discovery of the Tomtor Massif in the northern part of Siberian Platform and comparison to Khibin a MassifGlobal Tectonics and Metallogeny, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 41-54.Russia, SiberiaCarbonatite, Deposit -Tomtor, Khibina
DS1996-1222
1996
Kravchenko, S.M.Rundquist, D.V., Kravchenko, S.M.Economic superaccumulations of metals in the lithosphereGeology of Ore Deposits, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 265-270RussiaGiant ore deposits -concepts, brief overview, Economics
DS1996-1223
1996
Kravchenko, S.M.Rundquist, D.V., Kravchenko, S.M.Economic superaccumulations of metals in the lithosphereGeology of Ore Deposits, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 265-270.Russia, GlobalDiamonds, Giant ore deposits
DS1998-0808
1998
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M.Kimberlite types 1A, 1B and II as series from different mantle depths7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 471-2.South Africa, Russia, AustraliaClassification, Deposit - Gros Brukkaros, Monastery
DS1998-1216
1998
Kravchenko, S.M.Rass, I.T., Kravchenko, S.M.Melilite bearing rocks within alkaline ultrabasic complexes: derivatives from SiO2 poor, Ca rich mantle..7th. Kimberlite Conference abstract, pp. 725-6.Russia, Kola, KareolMelilite
DS2000-0738
2000
Kravchenko, S.M.Osokin, E.D., Altukhov, E.N., Kravchenko, S.M.Criteria and formation and localization conditions of giant rare element deposits.Geol. Ore Dep., Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 351-7.RussiaCarbonatite
DS2001-0938
2001
Kravchenko, S.M.Pokrovskii, B.G., Kravchenko, S.M.Stable isotopes in the Khibiny and Lovozero Massifs: magma sources and conditions postmagmatic alterationsGeochem, International, Vol. 39, No. S1 S88-98.RussiaGeochronology
DS2002-0897
2002
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M.Lower ore horizon of the Tomtor Massif, Polar Siberia: carbonatized volcanic rocks (lamproites).Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 386, 7, Sept-Oct, pp. 757-62.Russia, SiberiaLamproites
DS2003-0748
2003
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M., et al.Porphyritic potassium-rich alkaline-ultrabasic rocks of the Central Tomtor massif arcticRussian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 906-918Siberiaalkaline rocks
DS2003-0749
2003
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M., Czamanske, G., Fedorenko, V.A.Geochemistry of carbonatites of the Tomtor MassifGeochemistry International, Vol. 41, 6, pp. 545-58.RussiaCarbonatite
DS2003-0750
2003
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M., Czamanske, G., Fedorenko, V.A.Geochemistry of carbonatites of the Tomtor MassifGeochemistry International, Vol. 41, 6, pp. 545-59.RussiaCarbonatite
DS200412-1053
2003
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M., Czamanske, G., Fedorenko, V.A.Geochemistry of carbonatites of the Tomtor Massif.Geochemistry International, Vol. 41, 6, pp. 545-58.RussiaCarbonatite
DS200512-0580
2003
Kravchenko, S.M.Kravchenko, S.M.Porphyritic potassium rich alkaline ultrabasic rocks of the Central Tomtor massif ( Arctic Siberia) carbonatized lamproites.Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 44, 9, pp. 870-883.Russia, SiberiaLamproite
DS1997-0619
1997
Kravchenko, V.M.Korbeinikov, A.F., Kravchenko, V.M., Prokopchuk, S.I.Geochemical background and anomalies of noble metals in Upper Archean volcanic Terrigenous formations...Geochemistry International, Vol. 34, No. 12, pp. 1032-40Russia, UkraineGreenstone belts, Aldan, Ukrainian shields
DS201112-0563
2011
Kravchiniski, V.A.Kuzmin, M.I., Yarmolyuk, V.V., Kravchiniski, V.A.Absolute paleogeographic reconstructions of the Siberian Craton in the Phanerozoic: a problem of time estimation of superplumes.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 437, 1, pp. 311-315.Russia, SiberiaMagmatism - age, hot spots, African comparison
DS1998-0561
1998
Kravchinsky, V.Halim, N., Kravchinsky, V., et al.A paleomagnetic study from the Mongol - Okhotsk region: rotated early Cretaceous volcanics and remagnetized..Earth and Plan. Sci. Lett, Vol. 159, pp. 133-45GlobalOkhotsk region, suture zones, tectonics, Fold belts
DS2002-0898
2002
Kravchinsky, V.A.Kravchinsky, V.A., Konstantinov, K.M., Courtillot, V.Paleomagnetism of East Siberian traps and kimberlites: two new poles and paleogeographic reconstructions...Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 148, No. 1, pp. 1-33.Russia, SiberiaPaleomagnetics - geochronology 360-250 Ma, Geophysics - magnetics
DS200612-0744
2006
Kravchinsky, V.A.Kravchinsky, V.A., Konstantinov, Courtillot, Savrasov, Valet, Cherniy, Mishenin, ParasotkaPaleomagnetism of East Siberian traps and kimberlites: two new poles and paleogeographic reconstructions at about 360 and 250 Ma.Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 148, 1, pp. 1-33.Russia, SiberiaMaleomagnetics
DS200912-0414
2009
Kravchinsky, V.A.Kravchinsky, V.A., Eccles, D.R., Zhang, R., Cannon, M.Paleomagnetic dating of the northern Alberta kimberlites. K5, K6Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 46, pp. 231-245.Canada, AlbertaDeposit - Buffalo Head Hills - geochronology
DS201012-0419
2010
Kravchinsky, V.A.Kuzmin, M.I., Yarmolyuk, V.V., Kravchinsky, V.A.Phanerozoic hot spot traces and paleogeographic reconstructions of the Siberian continent based on interaction with the Africa large low shear velocity province.Earth Science Reviews, Vol. 102, 2, pp. 29-59.AfricaPaleowandering
DS1995-1021
1995
Kravchuk, I.F.Kravchuk, I.F., Ivanova, G.F., Malinin, S.D.rare earth elements (REE) fractionation in acid fluid magma systemsGeochemistry International, Vol. 32, No. 11, Nov. 1, pp. 60-68RussiaMagma, Rare earths
DS1987-0376
1987
Kravechencko, S.M.Kravechencko, S.M., Rass, I.T.The alkalic ultramafic rock association. a 'paragenesis' of two comagmaticseriesDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section, Vol.283, No. 1-6, pp. 111-116RussiaAlkalic rocks, Genesis
DS1995-1022
1995
Kravechenko, S.M.Kravechenko, S.M.Kimberlites: combination of differentiated series of mantle magmas from various depths.Doklady Academy of Sciences USSR, Vol. 333, No. 8, August, pp. 46-52.RussiaKimberlites, Petrology
DS1997-0636
1997
Kravechenko, S.M.Kravechenko, S.M., Laputina, I.P., Krasilnikova, I.G.Geochemistry and genesis of rich scandium (Sc) rare earth elements (REE) yttrium niobium ores at the Tomtor deposit, northern Siberian PlatformGeochemistry International, Vol. 34, No. 10, pp. 847-63.Russia, SiberiaCarbonatite, Deposit - Tomtor
DS1975-1106
1979
Kravtsov, A.I.Kravtsov, A.I., et al.Composition and Isotopes of Gases in the Mir Kimberlite PipeDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section., Vol. 245, No. 1-6, PP. 214-216.RussiaBlank
DS200712-0581
2007
Kravtsov, T.Kravtsov, T., Woodard, J.Petrology of shoshonitic lamprophyres and related carbonatites in the Svecofennian Domain.Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms, 1p. abstract p. A521.Europe, FinlandLake Syvari
DS201312-0340
2013
Krawcznski, M.J.Grove, T.L., Till, C.B., Krawcznski, M.J.The role of H2O in subduction zone magmatism.Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Vol. 40, pp. 413-439.MantleMagmatism, water
DS202007-1172
2020
Krawcznski, M.J.Prissel, K.B., Krawcznski, M.J., Van Orman, J.A.Fe-Mg and Fe-Mn interdiffusion in ilmenite with implications for geospeedometry using oxides. ( mentions kimberlites)Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 175, 62 17p. PdfMantleilmenite

Abstract: The Fe-Mg and Fe-Mn interdiffusion coefficients for ilmenite have been determined as a function of temperature and crystallographic orientation. Diffusion annealing experiments were conducted at 1.5 GPa between 800 and 1100 ?C. For Fe-Mg interdiffusion, each diffusion couple consisted of an ilmenite polycrystal and an oriented single crystal of geikielite. The activation energy (Q) and pre-exponential factor (D0) for Fe-Mg diffusion in the ilmenite polycrystal were found to be Q = 188±15 kJ mol?1 and logD0 = ?6.0±0.6 m2 s?1. For the geikielite single crystal, Fe-Mg interdiffusion has Q=220±16 kJ mol?1 and logD0=?4.6±0.7 m2 s?1. Our results indicate that crystallographic orientation did not significantly affect diffusion rates. For Fe-Mn interdiffusion, each diffusion couple consisted of one ilmenite polycrystal and one Mn-bearing ilmenite polycrystal. For Fe-Mn interdiffusion, Q = 264±30 kJ mol?1 and logD0 = ?2.9±1.3 m2 s?1 in the ilmenite. We did not find a significant concentration dependence for the Fe-Mg and Fe-Mn interdiffusion coefficients. In comparing our experimental results for cation diffusion in ilmenite with those previously reported for hematite, we have determined that cation diffusion is faster in ilmenite than in hematite at temperatures <1100 ?C. At oxygen fugacities near the wüstite-magnetite buffer, Fe and Mn diffusion rates are similar for ilmenite and titanomagnetite. We apply these experimentally determined cation diffusion rates to disequilibrium observed in ilmenites from natural volcanic samples to estimate the time between perturbation and eruption for the Bishop Tuff, Fish Canyon Tuff, Mt. Unzen, Mt. St. Helens, and kimberlites. When integrated with natural observations of chemically zoned ilmenite and constraints on pre-eruptive temperature and grain size, our experimentally determined diffusivities for ilmenite can be used to estimate a minimum time between magmatic perturbation and eruption on the timescale of hours to months.
DS2002-0899
2002
Krawczyk, C.M.Krawczyk, C.M., Eilts, F., Lassen, A., Thybo, H.Seismic evidence of Caledonian deformed crust and uppermost mantle structures in the northern part of the Trans European Suture Zone, SW Baltic Sea.Tectonophysics, Vol. 360, 1-4, pp. 215-44.Europe, Baltic SeaTectonics
DS201212-0264
2012
Krawczynski, M.J.Grove, T.L., Till, C.B., Krawczynski, M.J.The role of H2O in subduction zone magmatism.Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Vol. 40, pp. 413-439.MantleSubduction
DS201312-0339
2013
Krawczynski, M.J.Grove, T.L., Holbig, E.S., Barr, J.A., Till, C.B., Krawczynski, M.J.Inclusions in halite - evidence of mixing of evaporite xenoliths and kimberlites of Udachnaya -East pipe (Siberia).Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 166, pp. 887-910.MantleMelting
DS201312-0342
2013
Krawczynski, M.J.Grove, T.L., Holbig, E.S., Barr, J.A., Till, C.B., Krawczynski, M.J.Melts of garnet lherzolite: experiments, models and comparison to melts of pyroxenite and carbonated lherzolite.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 166, pp. 887-910.South America, BrazilGeochronology (~91to 78)
DS200612-0270
2006
Krawiec, A.W.Connelly, J.N., Thrane, K., Krawiec, A.W., Garde, A.A.Linking the Paleoproterozoic Nagssugtoqidian and Rinkian orogens through Disko Bugt region of West Greenland.Journal of the Geological Society, Vol. 163, 2, pp. 319-335.Europe, GreenlandOrogen - not specific to diamonds
DS2002-1740
2002
Krawinkel, H.Wozazek, S., Krawinkel, H.Development of the Cote d'Ivorie Basin: reading provenance, sediment dispersal and geodynamic implications from heavy minerals.International Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 91, No. 5, Oct. pp. 906-21.Ivory CoastGeomorphology - sedimenology - not specific to diamonds
DS201212-0014
2012
Kraych, A.Amodeo, J., Carrez, Ph., Cordier, P., Gouriet, K., Kraych, A.Modelling dislocation and plasticity in MgO and MgSiO3 perovskite under lower mantle conditions.emc2012 @ uni-frankfurt.de, 1p. AbstractMantlePerovskite
DS2003-0655
2003
Krebs, J.D.Jensen, S.M., Secher, K., Rasmussen, T.M., Tukiainen, T., Krebs, J.D., Schifth, F.Distribution and magnetic signatures of kimberlitic rocks in the Sarfartoq region8 Ikc Www.venuewest.com/8ikc/program.htm, Session 8, POSTER abstractGreenlandBlank
DS200412-0914
2003
Krebs, J.D.Jensen, S.M., Secher, K., Rasmussen, T.M., Tukiainen, T., Krebs, J.D., Schifth, F.Distribution and magnetic signatures of kimberlitic rocks in the Sarfartoq region, southern West Greenland.8 IKC Program, Session 8, POSTER abstractEurope, GreenlandDiamond exploration
DS201605-0857
2016
Krebs, M.Krebs, M.The geochemical link between micro-and macro-diamonds, an example from Misery, NWT.DCO Edmonton Diamond Workshop, June 8-10Canada, Northwest TerritoriesDeposit - Misery, microdiamonds
DS201705-0870
2017
Krebs, M.Pearson, G., Krebs, M., Stachel. T., Woodland, S., Chinn, I., Kong, J.Trace elements in gem-quality diamonds: origin and evolution of diamond-forming fluid inclusions.European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017, Vienna April 23-28, 1p. 19281 AbstractTechnologyDiamond inclusions
DS201312-0516
2013
Krebs, M.Y.Krebs, M.Y., Pearson, D.G., Stachel, T., Stern, R.A., Nowicki, T., Cairns, S.Variability in diamond population characteristics across the size range 0.2- 2-4 mm - a case study based on diamonds from Misery ( Ekati mine).2013 Yellowknife Geoscience Forum Abstracts, p. 34-35.Canada, Northwest TerritoriesDeposit - Misery
DS201412-0479
2014
Krebs, M.Y.Krebs, M.Y., Pearson, D.G., Stachel, T., Stern, R.A., Nowicki, T., Cairns, S.Variability in diamond population characteristics across the size range 0.2-3.4 MM - a case study based on diamonds from Misery ( Ekati mine).Geological Society of America Conference Vancouver Oct. 19-22, 1p. AbstractCanada, Northwest TerritoriesDiavik mine - Misery
DS201604-0616
2016
Krebs, M.Y.Krebs, M.Y., Pearson, D.G., Stachel, T., Stern, R.A., Nowicki, T., Cairns, S.Using microdiamonds in kimberlite diamond grade prediction: a case study of the variability in diamond population characteristics across the size range 0.2 to 3.4 mm in Misery kimberlite, Ekati mine, NWT, Canada.Economic Geology, Vol. 111, 2, pp. 503-525.Canada, Northwest TerritoriesMicrodiamonds - Misery

Abstract: First predictions of the macrodiamond grade of newly discovered kimberlites are commonly obtained using size frequency distributions of microdiamonds. The success of this approach suggests a common origin of microdiamonds and macrodiamonds, an implication not yet conclusively established or disproved. In contrast to previous comparative studies on microdiamonds and macrodiamonds from single deposits, here all diamonds analyzed originate from the same microdiamond samples (558 diamonds, ranging from 0.212 to 3.35 mm). The diamonds were analyzed for their carbon isotope compositions and nitrogen characteristics, and, based on this dataset, statistical comparisons were conducted across the size range to assess cogenesis. As a whole, the Misery diamond suite shows high nitrogen contents (median = 850 at. ppm), a bimodal distribution in time-averaged mantle residence temperatures (two distinct subpopulations in mantle residence temperatures: ?1,125° and ?1,175°C), a high degree of platelet degradation, and ?13C compositions that are isotopically slightly heavier (median = ?4.4‰) than the global median. Statistical comparisons of the various size classes indicate the presence of subtly different subpopulations at Misery; however, the nature and magnitude of these geochemical differences are very small in the context of the global diamond database and are viewed as petrogenetically insignificant. The general geochemical similarity of diamonds from different size fractions at Misery reinforces the use of size-frequency analysis to predict diamond grade in kimberlite diamond deposits.
DS201611-2095
2016
Krebs, M.Y.Anzolini, C., Angel, R.J., Merlini, M., Derzsi, M., Tokar, K., Milani, S., Krebs, M.Y., Brenker, F.E., Nestola, F., Harris, J.W.Depth of formation of CaSi)3 - walstromite included in super -deep diamonds.Lithos, in press available 43p.South America, Brazil, Mato GrossoDeposit - Juina

Abstract: "Super-deep" diamonds are thought to crystallize between 300 and 800 km depth because some of the inclusions trapped within them are considered to be the products of retrograde transformation from lower mantle or transition zone precursors. In particular, single inclusion CaSiO3-walstromite is believed to derive from CaSiO3-perovskite, although its real depth of origin has never been proven. Our aim is therefore to determine for the first time the pressure of formation of the diamond-CaSiO3-walstromite pair by “single-inclusion elastic barometry” and to determine whether CaSiO3-walstromite derives from CaSiO3-perovskite or not. We investigated several single phases and assemblages of Ca-silicate inclusions still trapped in a diamond coming from Juina (Brazil) by in-situ analyses (single-crystal X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy) and we obtained a minimum entrapment pressure of ~ 5.7 GPa (? 180 km) at 1500 K. However, the observed coexistence of CaSiO3-walstromite, larnite (?-Ca2SiO4) and CaSi2O5-titanite in one multiphase inclusion within the same diamond indicates that the sample investigated is sub-lithospheric with entrapment pressure between ~ 9.5 and ~ 11.5 GPa at 1500 K, based on experimentally-determined phase equilibria. In addition, thermodynamic calculations suggested that, within a diamond, single inclusions of CaSiO3-walstromite cannot derive from CaSiO3-perovskite, unless the diamond around the inclusion expands by ~ 30% in volume.
DS201812-2831
2018
Krebs, M.Y.Krebs, M.Y., Pearson, D.G., Stachel, T., Laiginhas, F., Woodland, S., Chinn, I., Kong, J.A common parentage - Low abundance trace element data of gem diamonds reveals similar fluids to fibrous diamonds. ( silicate/sulphide)Lithos, doi.org/10.1016/ jlithos.2018.11.025 49p.Canada, Ontario, Attawapiskat, Africa, South Africadeposit - Victor, Finsch, Newlands

Abstract: Quantitative trace element data from high-purity gem diamonds from the Victor Mine, Ontario, Canada as well as near-gem diamonds from peridotite and eclogite xenoliths from the Finsch and Newlands mines, South Africa, acquired using an off-line laser ablation method show that we see the same spectrum of fluids in both high-purity gem and near-gem diamonds that was previously documented in fibrous diamonds. “Planed” and “ribbed” trace element patterns characterize not only the high-density fluid (HDF) inclusions in fibrous diamonds but also in gem diamonds. Two diamonds from two Finsch harzburgite xenoliths show trace element patterns similar to those of saline fluids, documenting the involvement of saline fluids in the precipitation of gem diamonds, further strengthening the link between the parental fluids of both gem and fibrous diamonds. Differences in trace element characteristics are evident between Victor diamonds containing silicate inclusions compared with Victor diamonds containing sulphide inclusions. The sulphide-bearing diamonds show lower levels of inter-element fractionation and more widely varying siderophile element concentrations - indicating that the silicate and sulphide-bearing diamonds likely formed by gradations of the same processes, via melt-rock reaction or from a subtly different fluid source. The shallow negative LREEN-HREEN slopes displayed by the Victor diamonds establish a signature indicative of original derivation of the diamond forming agent during major melting (~10% melt). Consequently, this signature must have been passed on to HDFs separating from such silicate melts.
DS201812-2860
2018
Krebs, M.Y.Pearson, D.G., Liu, J., Smith, C.B., Mather, K.A., Krebs, M.Y., Bulanova, G.P., Kobussen, A.F.Murowa deposit: Characteristics and origin of the mantle root beneath the Murowa diamond mine: implications for craton and diamond formation.Society of Economic Geology Geoscience and Exploration of the Argyle, Bunder, Diavik, and Murowa Diamond Deposits, Special Publication no. 20, pp. 403-424.Africa, Zimbabwedeposit - Murowa
DS201902-0288
2019
Krebs, M.Y.Krebs, M.Y., Pearson, D.G., Stachel, T., Laiginhas, F., Woodland, S., Chinn, I., Kong, J.A common parentage low abundance trace element data of gem diamonds reveals similar fluids to fibrous diamonds.Lithos, Vol. 324, 1, pp. 356-370.Canada, Ontario, Africa, South Africadeposit - Victor, Finsch, Newlands

Abstract: Quantitative trace element data from high-purity gem diamonds from the Victor Mine, Ontario, Canada as well as near-gem diamonds from peridotite and eclogite xenoliths from the Finsch and Newlands mines, South Africa, acquired using an off-line laser ablation method show that we see the same spectrum of fluids in both high-purity gem and near-gem diamonds that was previously documented in fibrous diamonds. "Planed" and "ribbed" trace element patterns characterize not only the high-density fluid (HDF) inclusions in fibrous diamonds but also in gem diamonds. Two diamonds from two Finsch harzburgite xenoliths show trace element patterns similar to those of saline fluids, documenting the involvement of saline fluids in the precipitation of gem diamonds, further strengthening the link between the parental fluids of both gem and fibrous diamonds. Differences in trace element characteristics are evident between Victor diamonds containing silicate inclusions compared with Victor diamonds containing sulphide inclusions. The sulphide-bearing diamonds show lower levels of inter-element fractionation and more widely varying siderophile element concentrations - indicating that the silicate and sulphide-bearing diamonds likely formed by gradations of the same processes, via melt-rock reaction or from a subtly different fluid source. The shallow negative LREEN-HREEN slopes displayed by the Victor diamonds establish a signature indicative of original derivation of the diamond forming agent during major melting (~10% melt). Consequently, this signature must have been passed on to HDFs separating from such silicate melts.
DS201906-1354
2019
Krebs, M.Y.Timmerman, S., Krebs, M.Y., Pearson, D.G., Honda, M.Diamond forming media through time - trace element and noble gas systematics of diamonds formed over 3 billion years of Earth's history.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, in press available 29p.Africa, South Africa, Botswanadeposit - Koffiefontein, Letlhakane, Orapa, Finsch, De Beers Pool

Abstract: Ten individual gem-quality monocrystalline diamonds of known peridotite/eclogite paragenesis from Southern Africa (Koffiefontein, Letlhakane, Orapa) were studied for trace element concentrations and He and Ar abundances and isotopic compositions. In addition, two samples, consisting of pooled fragments of gem-quality peridotitic diamonds from Finsch and DeBeers Pool respectively, were analysed for noble gases. Previous studies (Richardson et al., 1984; Pearson et al., 1998; Gress et al., 2017; Timmerman et al., 2017) provided age constraints of 0.09, 1.0-1.1, 1.7, 2.3, and 3.2-3.4?Ga on mineral inclusions in the studied diamonds, allowing us to study trace elements and noble gases over 3 Gyr of geological time. Concentrations of trace elements in the diamonds are very low - a few hundred ppt to several tens of ppbs - and are likely dependent on the amount of sub-micron inclusions present. Trace element patterns and trace element/3He ratios of the studied monocrystalline diamonds are similar to those in fibrous diamonds, suggesting that trace elements and stable noble gas isotopes reside within the same locations in diamond and track the same processes that are reflected in the trace element patterns. We cannot discern any temporal differences in these geochemical tracers, suggesting that the processes generating them have been occurring over at least the past 2.3?Ga. 3He/4He ratios decrease and 4He and 40Ar* contents increase with increasing age of peridotitic and some eclogitic diamonds, showing the importance of in-situ radiogenic 4He and 40Ar ingrowth by the decay of U-Th-Sm and K respectively. For most gem-quality monocrystalline diamonds, uncertainties in the 3He/4He evolution of the continental lithospheric mantle combined with large analytical uncertainties and possible spatial variability in U-Th-Sm concentrations limit our ability to provide estimates of diamond formation ages using 4He ingrowth. However, the limited observed 4He ingrowth (low U?+?Th/3He) together with a R/Ra value of 5.3 for peridotitic diamond K306 is comparable to the present-day sub-continental lithospheric mantle value and supports the young diamond formation age found by Re-Os dating of sulphides in the same diamond by Pearson et al. (1998). After correction for in-situ radiogenic 4He produced since diamond formation a large variation in 3He/4He remains in ?1?Ga old eclogitic diamonds that is suggested to result from the variable influence of subducted altered oceanic crust that has low 3He/4He. Hence, the 3He/4He isotope tracer supports an origin of the diamond-forming fluids from recycled oceanic crust for eclogitic diamonds, as indicated by other geochemical proxies.
DS201906-1355
2019
Krebs, M.Y.Timmerman, S., Yeow, H., Honda, M., Howell, D., Jaques, A.L., Krebs, M.Y., Woodland, S., Pearson, D.G., Avila, J.N., Ireland, T.R.U-Th/He systematics of fluid rich 'fibrous' diamonds - evidence for pre- and syn-kimberlite eruption ages.Chemical Geology, Vol. 515, pp. 22-36.Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Botswanadeposit - Jwaneng

Abstract: The physical characteristics and impermeability of diamonds allow them to retain radiogenic 4He produced in-situ from radioactive decay of U, Th and Sm. This study investigates the U-Th/He systematics of fibrous diamonds and provides a first step in quantification of the uncertainties associated with determining the in-situ produced radiogenic 4He concentration. Factors determining the total amount of measured helium in a diamond are the initial trapped 4He, the in-situ produced radiogenic 4He, ?-implantation, ?-ejection, diffusion, and cosmogenic 3He production. Alpha implantation is negligible, and diffusion is slow, but the cosmogenic 3He component can be significant for alluvial diamonds as the recovery depth is unknown. Therefore, samples were grouped based on similar major and trace element compositions to determine possible genetically related samples. A correlation between the 4He and U-Th concentrations approximates the initial 4He concentration at the axis-intersect and age as the slope. In this study, the corrections were applied to eight fibrous cubic diamonds from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and two diamonds from the Jwaneng kimberlite in Botswana. A correlation exists between the 4He and U-Th concentrations of the group ZRC2, 3, and 6, and of the group CNG2, 3, and 4 and both correlations deviate significantly from a 71?Ma kimberlite eruption isochron. The U-Th/He dating method appears a promising new approach to date metasomatic fluid events that result in fibrous diamond formation and this is the first evidence that some fibrous diamonds can be formed 10s to 100s Myr before the kimberlite eruption.
DS201908-1783
2019
Krebs, M.Y.Krebs, M.Y., Pearson, D.G.Determining the provenance pf coloured gemstones.www.minsocam.org/ MSA/Centennial/ MSA_Centennial _Symposium.html The next 100 years of mineral science, June 20-21, p. 36. AbstractAsia, Pakistan, Kashmir, South America, Colombiasapphire, emerald

Abstract: The geographic origin of gemstones has emerged as one of the major factors affecting their sale on the colored stone market, in large part due to the prestige attributed to certain regions (e.g. sapphires from Kashmir or emeralds from Colombia) but also because of political, environmental and ethical considerations. Identifying the geographic provenance of a colored stone has, therefore, developed into one of the main tasks for gem-testing laboratories, providing a strong motivation to establish accurate scientific methods. The properties and features of individual gemstones reflect the specific geological conditions of their formation and the main challenge of origin determination is to find the link between the two. In addition, access to a complete collection of authentic reference samples and analytical data for all economically relevant mining areas worldwide is key. Different techniques have been developed for determining gemstone provenance, including a range of gemological observations, and spectroscopic, chemical, and isotopic analyses[1]. These have proven useful in distinguishing the origin of gemstones from different geological settings but for many gemstones (including ruby and sapphire) to reliably distinguish between gems from different geographic regions that share a similar geological setting is not always possible. So far, no unique fingerprint exists, and the geographic origin remains a challenge, especially for high-clarity stones, emphasizing the need for a more powerful tool. Here we will give an overview of the current techniques, and outline some of the challenges and limitations of geographical origin determination of colored gemstones. In addition, we present new trace element data and the first radiogenic isotope compositions (Sr and Pb) obtained for ruby and sapphire from several different localities of geologically similar deposits. The acquisition of quantitative data of a range of ultra-trace elements along with the most commonly observed elements in ruby and sapphire (Mg, Fe, Ti, Ca, Ga, V and Cr) makes it possible to explore new elements as potential provenance discriminators. Among the elements consistently above the limits of quantification (Zn, Nb, Ni, and Pb), Ni in particular shows promise as a discriminator for amphibolite-type ruby. Measured 87Sr/86Sr and Pb isotope ratios clearly show distinct ranges for the different localities of amphibolitetype ruby, ranges for marble-related ruby and metamorphic blue sapphires from different geographic regions overlap. These results suggest that radiogenic isotopes potentially offer a powerful means of provenance discrimination for different localities of amphibolite-type ruby, their potential for geographical origin determination among marble-hosted ruby and metamorphic sapphire, however, appears to be limited.
DS202002-0197
2019
Krebs, M.Y.Krebs, M.Y., Pearson, D.G., Fagan, A.J., Bussweiler, Y., Sarkar, C.The application of trace elements and Sr-Pb isotopes to dating and tracing ruby formation: the Aappaluttoq deposit, SW Greenland.Chemical Geology, Vol. 523, pp. 42-58.Europe, Greenlandruby

Abstract: Trace element characteristics of rubies from the Aappaluttoq deposit, SW Greenland, were measured using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), laser ablation - inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-TOF-MS) and offline laser ablation followed by solution ICP-MS. LA-ICP-TOF-MS - applied to rubies for the first time - effectively maps trace element spatial variation in these gems. With the exception of a small number of elements that can substitute for Al3+ in the crystal structure (e.g., Ti, Fe, V, Cr, Mg), trace element mapping clearly demonstrates that most elements such as Th, U, Sr and Rb are hosted in mineral and fluid inclusions or are present along fractures. Primitive mantle normalized trace element patterns show characteristics that are broadly correlative to mineral inclusions within the analysed rubies. These minerals include rutile (enrichment of HFSE over LREE, high Ta/Nb and Hf/Zr ratios and low Th/U ratios), phlogopite (enrichment in Rb and Ba and positive Sr anomalies), and zircon (extreme enrichment in Zr-Hf, U and Th, HREE enrichment over LREE and positive Ce anomalies). The sample suite analysed here is derived from a bulk sample of ore composed of three different rock types (sapphirine-gedrite, leucogabbro and phlogopitite). Two different populations of ruby were identified at Aappaluttoq; these can be defined on the basis of their different V content within the corundum lattice. Therefore, V content may be able to geochemically define rubies from different host rocks within the same deposit. Using offline laser ablation followed by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) we measured the radiogenic isotope compositions in ruby for the first time. A Pb-Pb isochron age of 2686 +300/?74?Ma, was defined for gem formation at Aappaluttoq. We believe that this is the first ever direct age determined on a ruby suite, independent of associated minerals, derived by bulk sampling sub-micron to micron sized inclusions in the corundum lattice. This age likely reflects the re-crystallization and re-setting of the ruby (and its U-Pb system) during the Neoarchean in SW Greenland, due to regional granulite to upper-amphibolite facies metamorphism.
DS202008-1444
2020
Krebs, M.Y.Smit, K.V., Pearson, D.G., Krebs, M.Y., Woodland, S.Trace elements of rare CH4-bearing fluids in Zimbabwe diamonds.Goldschmidt 2020, 1p. AbstractAfrica, Zimbabwedeposit - Marange

Abstract: Marange diamonds (Zimbabwe) contain both fluid-poor (gem-quality) and fluid-bearing growth zones with abundant CH4. As such, they provide the unique opportunity to compare trace element compositions of CH4-bearing diamonds with those of carbonatitic and saline high density fluid (HDF)-bearing diamonds (gem-quality and fibrous) to obtain an overview of mantle source fluids for diamond growth. HDF’s in fibrous diamonds and some gem-quality diamonds have been linked to subduction of surficial material, consistent with the global link between diamond age and collisional tectonic events. Even though Marange diamonds have +?15N indicative of surficial recycling, they do not display the expected Eu or Sr anomalies. Fibrous diamonds have the most fractionated REE patterns, with negligible HREE and high (La/Yb)N ? 100- 10000. Gem-quality diamonds have highly variable (La/Yb)N; the most unfractionated HDF’s are in Victor and Cullinan diamonds with low (La/Yb)N <76. HDF’s in Marange diamonds are intermediate between these two extremes, with (La/Yb)N = 23-240. Differences in (La/Yb)N between different diamond suites relate either to varying initial compositions (where low (La/Yb)N reflects derivation during higher degrees of melting) or to the increasing interaction of HDF’s in fibrous diamonds with mantle rocks during fluid infiltration. Marange diamonds have rare +Ce anomalies, that have so far only been reported for Victor and Brazil (sub-lithospheric) gem-quality diamonds. The oxidation state of Ce (Ce4+ vs Ce3+) and development of Ce anomalies could be attributed to ƒO2, melt/fluid composition, and PT conditions. In Marange, Victor and Brazil diamonds, Ce4+ substitution for Zr4+ does not appear to be a factor since we find no correlation between Zr content and Ce anomalies. However, in Marange diamonds, CH4-bearing zones have less variable Ce anomalies compared to the CH4-free zones, which may suggest Ce anomalies are indicative of fluid oxidation state.
DS1900-0418
1906
Krebs, W.Krebs, W.Die Frage der Naturlichen Herkunft der Diamanten Besonders In Suedafrika.Weltall, Vol. 6, SEPT. 15TH. PP. 411-413.Africa, South AfricaDiamond Genesis
DS1900-0567
1907
Krebs, W.Krebs, W.Zur Frage der Herkunft der Sued afrikanischen BodenschaetseWeltall, Vol. 7, Feb. 1ST. PP. 149-151.Africa, South AfricaGenesis, Kimberlite
DS200712-0989
2006
Kreemer, C.Silver, P.G., Hahn, B.C., Kreemer, C., Holt, W.E., Haines, J.Convergent margins, growing and shrinking continents, and the Wilson cycle.Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Vol. 38, 7, Nov. p. 212 abstractUnited StatesBasin and Range, Wilson Cycle
DS1993-0854
1993
Krehbiel, S.Krehbiel, S.Cluster analysis applied to low relief structural interpretations. PLEASE NOTE THIS IS SPECIFIC to OIL but may have some interest!Society of Exploration Geophysics, The Leading Edge, August pp. 831-836GlobalGeophysics -seismic, Structure
DS200612-1174
2006
Kreidie, N.Romano, C., Poe, B.T., Kreidie, N., McCammon, C.A.Electrical conductivities of pyrope almandine garnets up to 19 GPa and 1700 C.American Mineralogist, Vol. 91, 9, pp. 1371-1377.MantleDiscontinuity
DS1960-0565
1965
Kreiger, M.H.Kreiger, M.H.Geology of the Prescott and Paulden Quadrangles, ArizonaUnited States Geological Survey (USGS) PROF. PAPER., No. 467, 127P.United States, Arizona, Colorado PlateauBlank
DS202009-1645
2020
Kreigsman, L.M.Naipal, R., Zwaan, J.C.(Hanco),, Kroonenberg, S.B., Kreigsman, L.M., Mason, P.R.D.Diamonds from the Nassau Mountains, Suriname.Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 37, 2, pp. 180-191. pdfSouth America, Surinamedeposit - Paramaka Creek

Abstract: Alluvial diamonds have been found in Suriname since the late 19th century, but to date the details of their origin remain unclear. Here we describe diamonds from Paramaka Creek (Nassau Mountains area) in the Marowijne greenstone belt, Guiana Shield, north-eastern Suriname. Thirteen samples were studied, consisting mainly of euhedral crystals with dominant octahedral and dodecahe-dral habits. They had colourless to brown to slightly greenish body colours, and some showed green or (less commonly) brown irradiation spots. Surface features showed evidence of late-stage resorption that occurred during their transport to the earth’s surface. The studied diamonds were predominantly type IaAB, with nitrogen as both A and B aggregates. In the DiamondView most samples displayed blue and/or green luminescence and concentric growth patterns. Their mineral inclusion assemblages (forsterite and enstatite) indicate a peridotitic (possibly harzburgitic) paragenesis.
DS1990-0887
1990
Kreimeyer, R.Kreimeyer, R.Industrial minerals of BotswanaErzmetall, Vol. 43, No. 6, June pp. 248-256BotswanaIndustrial minerals, Diamonds
DS1986-0793
1986
Kreinin, A.B.Suvorov, V.D., Kreinin, A.B., Kreynin, A.B., et al.Subsurface seismic studies at depth along the Tas-Yuryakh-Amlaznyi-Malykai profile ( Western Yakutia)Soviet Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 27, No. 11, pp. 70-75RussiaGeophysics, Kimberlite, Mirny field
DS1992-0553
1992
Kreis, L.K.Gent, M.R., Kreis, L.K., Gendzwill, D.The Maple Creek structure, southwestern SaskatchewanSaskatchewan Report Summary of Investigations 1992, miscellaneous Report No. 92-4, pp. 204-208SaskatchewanGeophysics -seismics, magnetics, gravity, Structure
DS1998-0809
1998
Kreissig, K.Kreissig, K., Nagler, T.F., Kramers, J.D.Are Archean provinces juxtaposed terranes? Isotope and trace element geochemical considerations.Mineralogical Magazine, Goldschmidt abstract, Vol. 62A, p. 813-4.South Africa, Montana, GreenlandCraton, Geochronology - rare earth elements (REE) patterns
DS1991-0929
1991
Krejci, D.Krejci, D., Richter, C.SPLIT: a Turbo-C program for the graphical representation and seperation of fault slip dat a setsComputers and Geosciences, Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 801-812GlobalComputers, Program -SPLIT.
DS1994-1459
1994
Krejci, D.Richter, C., Krejci, D.The representation of directional geological data: TEC-hardware independent high quality graphicsComputers and Geosciences, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 23-30GlobalComputer Program, Graphics
DS202012-2246
2020
Kremenets, V.Rogov, Y., Kremenets, V., Sapozhnikov, M., Sebele, M.Application of tagged neutron method for detecting diamonds in kimberlite.Instruments, Vol. 4, 4, doi.org/103390/ instruments4040033Globalneutron technology

Abstract: The results of testing a prototype of a separator for detecting diamonds in kimberlite ore using tagged neutron method are discussed. Kimberlite ore was irradiated with fast tagged neutrons with an energy of 14.1 MeV. The elemental content of the tray with kimberlite ore was determined. The criterion for detecting diamond was the presence of excess carbon concentration in a certain region of a kimberlite sample.
DS1998-0657
1998
Kremenetsky, A.A.Iouchko, N.A., Kremenetsky, A.A., Kouznetsov, I.I.Nature of diamonds, melts and fluids in the ring structures: endogeneous explosion vs impact process.7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 342-5.Russia, Siberia, Yakutiavolcanism., Impact structures
DS201904-0795
2018
Kremenetsky, A.A.Vetrin, V.R., Belousova, E.A., Kremenetsky, A.A.Lu-Hf isotopic systematics of zircon from lower crustal xenoliths in the Belomorian mobile belt.Geology of Ore Deposits, Vol. 60, 7, pp. 568-577.Russia, Kola Peninsulageochronology

Abstract: The structure, geochemistry, and U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic composition of zircon crystals from garnet granulite xenoliths of the lower crust in the Belomorian mobile belt have been studied. It has been established that Early Paleoproterozoic zircon, 2.47 Ga in age, is primary magmatic and formed during crystallization of mafic rocks in the lower crust. Meso- and Neoarchean zircons are xenogenic crystals trapped by mafic melt during its contamination with older crustal sialic rocks. Metamorphic zircon grains have yielded a Late Paleoproterozoic age (1.75 Ga). A Paleozoic age has been established for a magmatic crystal formed due to interaction of xenoliths with an alkaline ultramafic melt, which delivered xenoliths to surface. The U-Pb datings and Lu-Hf systematics of crystals have been used to delineate the stages of formation and transformation of the lower crust in this region.
DS201912-2784
2019
Kremer, Y.Gilfillan, S.M.V., Gyore, D., Flude, S., Johnson, G., Bond, C.E., Hicks, N., Lister, R., Jones, D.G., Kremer, Y., Hazeldine, R.S., Stuart, F.M.Noble gases confirm plume related mantle degassing beneath southern Africa.Nature Communications, Vol. 10, 1, 10.1038/s41467-019-1244-6Africa, South Africaplumes

Abstract: Southern Africa is characterised by unusually elevated topography and abnormal heat flow. This can be explained by thermal perturbation of the mantle, but the origin of this is unclear. Geophysics has not detected a thermal anomaly in the upper mantle and there is no geochemical evidence of an asthenosphere mantle contribution to the Cenozoic volcanic record of the region. Here we show that natural CO2 seeps along the Ntlakwe-Bongwan fault within KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, have C-He isotope systematics that support an origin from degassing mantle melts. Neon isotopes indicate that the melts originate from a deep mantle source that is similar to the mantle plume beneath Réunion, rather than the convecting upper mantle or sub-continental lithosphere. This confirms the existence of the Quathlamba mantle plume and importantly provides the first evidence in support of upwelling deep mantle beneath Southern Africa, helping to explain the regions elevation and abnormal heat flow.
DS1920-0237
1925
Krenkel, E.Krenkel, E.Die Geologie Afrikas, Part 1Berlin:, 461P.South Africa, Southwest Africa, East Africa, West Africa, NamibiaRegional Geology, Tectonics, Kimberley
DS1920-0341
1927
Krenkel, E.Krenkel, E.Der Diamant, 1927Naturwissen., Vol. 15, No. 27. PP. 549-558.South Africa, GlobalGemology
DS1920-0451
1929
Krenkel, E.Krenkel, E.Der Diamant und Seine GewinnungBergtech, Vol. 22, APRIL 3RD. PP. 108-113.South AfricaMining
DS201012-0601
2010
Krenn, K.Proyer,A., Krenn, K., Hoinkes, G.Open system precipitation - a new way to explain crystallographically oriented precipitates/exsolutions in mineral from high-T/high-P rocks.International Mineralogical Association meeting August Budapest, abstract p. 211.Europe, Greece, BulgariaUHP Rhodope Mountains
DS1980-0196
1980
Krenov, A.Y.Krenov, A.Y.Instrumental Diagnosis of Small Diamonds with the Application of Luminescence Spectra.Academy of Science UKR. SSSR, SER. B GEOL. CHEM. BIOL., No. 2, PP. 40-43.RussiaMicrodiamonds, Diamond Mining Recovery, Kimberlite Pipes
DS1989-0558
1989
Krentz, et al.Gupta, J.C., Jones, Kerr, Krentz, et al.Elecromagnetic sounding and crustal electrical conductivity in the region of the Wopmay Orogen.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 26, pp. 2385-95.Northwest TerritoriesGeophysics - magnetics, Tectonics
DS1996-0254
1996
Kresl, M.Cermak, V., Safanda, J., Kresl, M., Kucerova, L.Heat flow studies in central Europe with special emphasis on dat a from former CzechoslovakiaGlobal Tectonics and Metallogeny, Vol. 5, No. 3-4, p. 109-123GlobalHeat Flow project, volcanism.
DS201412-0112
2014
Kressal, R.D.Chakhmouradian, A.R., Reguir, E.P., Kressal, R.D., Crozier, J., Pisiak, L.K., Sidhu, R., Yang, P.Carbonatite hosted niobium deposit at Aley, northern British Columbia ( Canada): mineralogy, geochemistry and petrogenesis.Ore Geology Reviews, Vol. 64, pp. 642-666.Canada, British ColumbiaCarbonatite
DS201112-0160
2011
KressallChakmouradian, A.R., Bohm, Coeslan, Mumin, Reguir, Demeny, Simonetti, Kressall, Martins, Kamenov, Creaser, LepekhinaPostorogenic carbonatites: more abundant than we realize and more important than given credit for.Peralk-Carb 2011... workshop June 16-18, Tubingen, Germany, Abstract p.17-19.Canada, ManitobaCinder Lake, Eden Lake, Paint Lake
DS201112-0161
2011
KressallChakmouradian, A.R., Bohm, Coeslan, Mumin, Reguir, Demeny, Simonetti, Kressall, Martins, Kamenov, Creaser, LepekhinaPostorogenic carbonatites: more abundant than we realize and more important than given credit for.Peralk-Carb 2011... workshop June 16-18, Tubingen, Germany, Abstract p.17-19.Canada, ManitobaCinder Lake, Eden Lake, Paint Lake
DS201012-0413
2010
Kressall, R.Kressall, R., McLeish, D.F., Crozier, Chakhmouradian, A.The Aley carbonatite complex - part 2 petrogenesis of a Cordilleran niobium deposit mine.International Workshop Geology of Rare Metals, held Nov9-10, Victoria BC, Open file 2010-10, extended abstract pp. 25-26.Canada, British ColumbiaCarbonatite
DS201012-0485
2010
Kressall, R.McLeish, D.F., Kressall, R., Crozier, J., Johnston, S.T., Chakhmouradian, A., Mortensen, J.K.The Aley carbonatite complex - part 1 structural evolution of a Cordilleran niobium deposit mine.International Workshop Geology of Rare Metals, held Nov9-10, Victoria BC, Open file 2010-10, extended abstract pp. 21-24.Canada, British ColumbiaCarbonatite
DS201312-0517
2013
Kressall, R.D.Kressall, R.D., Fedortchouk, Y.Major and trace element composition of Fe-Ti oxides from the Lac de Gras kimberlites.GAC-MAC 2013 SS4: Diamond: from birth to the mantle emplacement in kimberlite., abstract onlyCanada, Northwest TerritoriesDeposit - Lac de Gras
DS201412-0480
2014
Kressall, R.D.Kressall, R.D., Fedortchouk, Y., McCammon, C., Elliott, B.Fe-Ti oxides in kimberlites: implications for kimberlites from the Ekati diamond mine, Northwest Territories.2014 Yellowknife Geoscience Forum Poster, p. 87, abstractCanada, Northwest TerritoriesDeposit - Ekati
DS201412-0832
2014
Kressall, R.D.Simandl, G.J., Paradis, S., Stone, R.S., Fajber, R., Kressall, R.D., Grattan, K., Crozier, J., Simandl, L.J.Applicablity of handheld X-ray fluroescence spectrometry in the exploration and development of carbonatite related niobium deposits: a case study of the Aley carbonatite, British Columbia, Canada.Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, Vol. 14, 3, pp. 211-221.Canada, British ColumbiaCarbonatite
DS201112-0433
2011
Kressing, K.Hettmann, K., Marks, M., Kressing, K., Zack, T., Wenzel, T., Rehkamper, M., Jacob, D., Markl, G.The geochemistry of thallium and its isotopes in a peralkaline magmatic system.Peralk-Carb 2011, workshop held Tubingen Germany June 16-18, PosterTechnologyMagmatism
DS1970-0549
1972
Kresten, P.Kresten, P.Heavy Mineral Survey and Kimberlite Occurrences in the Area west of Butha Buthe (leribe District).Maseru Department of Mines Geol. Spec. Report, No. PK/1.LesothoGeochemistry
DS1970-0737
1973
Kresten, P.Kresten, P.The Coating of Kimberlitic Zircons- a Preliminary StudyMaseru: Lesotho Nat. Dev. Corp. Lesotho Kimberlites Editor N, PP. 220- 223.LesothoButha Buthe, X-ray Patterns
DS1970-0738
1973
Kresten, P.Kresten, P.The Geology of the Lemphane Pipes and Neighbouring IntrusionMaseru: Lesotho Nat. Dev. Corp. Lesotho Kimberlites Editor N, PP. 159-167.LesothoMineral Chemistry
DS1970-0739
1973
Kresten, P.Kresten, P.Differential Thermal Analysis of KimberlitesMaseru: Lesotho Nat. Dev. Corp. Lesotho Kimberlites Editor N, PP. 269-279.LesothoMineral Chemistry, X-ray Patterns
DS1970-0740
1973
Kresten, P.Kresten, P.Kimberlitic Zircons1st International Kimberlite Conference, EXTENDED ABSTRACT VOLUME, PP. 191-194.South AfricaMineral Chemistry
DS1970-0741
1973
Kresten, P.Kresten, P., Dempster, A.N.The Geology of the Pipe 200 and the Malibamatso Dyke SwarmMaseru: Lesotho Nat. Dev. Corp. Lesotho Kimberlites Editor N, PP. 172-179.LesothoMineral Chemistry, Heavy Minerals
DS1970-0795
1973
Kresten, P.Nixon, P.H., Kresten, P.Butha Buthe Dyke Swarms and Associated Kimberlite BlowsMaseru: Lesotho Nat. Dev. Corp. Lesotho Kimberlites Editor N, PP. 197-206.LesothoGeology
DS1970-0796
1973
Kresten, P.Nixon, P.H., Kresten, P.Chromium and Nickel in Kimberlite IlmenitesMaseru: Lesotho Nat. Dev. Corp. Lesotho Kimberlites Editor N, PP. 235-237.Lesotho, South AfricaKao, Mothae, Monastery, Liquobong, Mineral Chemistry
DS1970-0947
1974
Kresten, P.Kresten, P.Uranium in Kimberlites and Associated Rocks with Special Reference to Lesotho Occurrences.Lithos, Vol. 7, No. 3, PP. 171-180.LesothoGeology
DS1975-0117
1975
Kresten, P.Kresten, P., Fels, P., Berggren , G.Kimberlitic Zircons- a Possible Aid in Prospecting for Kimberlites.Mineralium Deposita., Vol. 10, PP. 47-56.Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, East AfricaMorphology, Inclusions, Mineral Chemistry, Alteration
DS1975-0118
1975
Kresten, P.Kresten, P., Fels, P., Berggren, G.Kimberlitic Zircons- a Possible Aid in Prospecting for KimbeMineralium Deposita., Vol. 10, No. 1, PP. 47-56.Lesotho, Tanzania, South Africa, East AfricaProspecting
DS1975-0119
1975
Kresten, P.Kresten, P., Persson, L.Discrete Diopside in Alnoite from Alno IslandContributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 39, PP. 103-116.Sweden, ScandinaviaAlnoite, Pyroxene, Mineralogy
DS1975-0311
1976
Kresten, P.Kresten, P.Chrome Pyrope from the Alno ComplexGeol. Foren. Forhandl., Vol. 98, PT. 2, No. 565, JUNE 15TH. PP. 179-180.Norway, Scandinavia, SwedenGarnet, Mineralogy
DS1975-0312
1976
Kresten, P.Kresten, P.Scandium in Alnoites and Carbonatites from Central SwedenGeol. Foren. Forhandl., Vol. 98, PP. 364-365.Sweden, ScandinaviaAlnoite, Carbonatite, Scandium
DS1975-0313
1976
Kresten, P.Kresten, P.A Magnetometric Survey of the Alno ComplexGeol. Foren. Forhandl., Vol. 98, PP. 361-362.Sweden, ScandinaviaCarbonatite, Geophysics
DS1975-0314
1976
Kresten, P.Kresten, P.A Spinel Apatite Phlogopite Dyke Near Vastervik, South Eastern Sweden.Geol. Foren. Forhandl., Vol. 98, PP. 175-179.Sweden, ScandinaviaUltramafic, Lamprophyre, Glimmerite
DS1975-0315
1976
Kresten, P.Kresten, P., Berggren, G.The Thermal Decomposition of Thaumasite from Mothae Kimberlite Pipe, Lesotho.Journal of THERM. ANAL., Vol. 9, No. 1, PP. 23-28.LesothoGeothermometry
DS1975-0316
1976
Kresten, P.Kresten, P., Fels, P.Kimberlite Zircons- a Possible Aid in Prospecting for Kimberlites.German Association of African Geol. Inform. Liaison Bulletin., Vol. 1, No. 1, PP. 47-56.Lesotho, South AfricaProspecting
DS1975-0317
1976
Kresten, P.Kresten, P., Paul, D.K.Mineralogy of Indian Kimberlites: a Thermal and X-ray StudyCanadian Mineralogist., Vol. 14, PT. 4, PP. 487-490.IndiaMineralogy
DS1975-0548
1977
Kresten, P.Kresten, P.Potassium, Rubidium, and Cesium in Carbonatites and Associated Rocks from Central Sweden.Geol. Foren. Forhandl., Vol. 99, PP. 377-383.Sweden, ScandinaviaCarbonatite, Rock Chemistry
DS1975-0549
1977
Kresten, P.Kresten, P., Printzlau, I., Rex, D., Vartiainen, H., Woolley, A.New Ages of Carbonatite and Alkaline Ultramafic Rock from Southwest eden and Finland.Geol. Foren. Forhandl., Vol. 99, PP. 62-65.Sweden, Finland, ScandinaviaCarbonatite, Alnoite, Geochronology
DS1975-0884
1978
Kresten, P.Vartiainen, H., Kresten, P., Kafkas, Y.Alkaline Lamprophyres from the Sokli Complex, Northern Finland.Comptes Rendus Geol. De la Soc. Finlande., Vol. 50, PP. 59-68.GlobalCarbonatite, Petrology, Alnoite, Damkjernite
DS1975-1107
1979
Kresten, P.Kresten, P.The Alno ComplexNordic Carbonatite Symposium Guide., 67P.Sweden, Scandinavia, Alno IslandCarbonatite, Alnoite, Kimberlite, Mineralogy, Geology
DS1980-0197
1980
Kresten, P.Kresten, P.The Alno Complex: Tectonics of Dyke EmplacementLithos, Vol. 13, No. 2, PP. 153-158.Scandinavia, SwedenStructural Geology, Alnoite
DS1980-0198
1980
Kresten, P.Kresten, P.Introduktion Till Alnoomradets GeologiSver. Geol. Undersokn., SPECIAL ISSUE 50P.Sweden, ScandinaviaCarbonatite, Alnoite, Kimberlite
DS1981-0254
1981
Kresten, P.Kresten, P., Ahman, E., Brunfelt, A.O.Alkaline Ultramafic Lamprophyres and Associated Carbonatite dykes from the Kalix Area, Northern Sweden.Geologische Rundschau, Vol. 70, No. 3, PP. 1215-1231.Sweden, ScandinaviaAlnoite
DS1982-0134
1982
Kresten, P.Carswell, D.A., Griffin, W.L., Kresten, P.Peridotite Nodules from the Nogpetseu and Lipelaneng Kimberlites, Lesotho: a Crustal Origin or Mantle Origin.Proceedings of Third International Kimberlite Conference, TERRA COGNITA, ABSTRACT VOLUME., Vol. 2, No. 3, P. 235, (abstract.).LesothoKimberlite, Genesis
DS1982-0347
1982
Kresten, P.Kresten, P., Nairis, H.J.Alno DiamondsGeol. Foren. Forhandl., Vol. 104, P. 210.Scandinavia, SwedenAlnoite, Diamond Discovery, Crystallography
DS1983-0168
1983
Kresten, P.Carswell, D.A., Griffin, W.L., Kresten, P.Peridotite Nodules from the Ngopetsoeu and Lipelaneng Kimberlites, Lesotho: a Crustal or Mantle Origin- Appendix.Annales Scientifiques De L' Universite De Clermont-ferrand Ii, No. 74, PP. 167-178.LesothoAnalyses, Petrography
DS1983-0378
1983
Kresten, P.Kresten, P.Carbonatite NomenclatureGeologische Rundschau, Vol. 72, No. 1, PP. 389-395.Norway, Sweden, ScandinaviaClassification, Petrology
DS1984-0181
1984
Kresten, P.Carswell, D.A., Griffin, W.L., Kresten, P.Peridotite Nocules from the Ngopetsoeu and Lipelangene Kimberlites, Lesotho a Crustal or Mantle Origin.Thrid Kimberlite Conference, Vol. 2, PP. 229-243.Lesotho, Butha Buthe, RomaPetrography, Mineral Chemistry, Whole Rock
DS1986-0463
1986
Kresten, P.Kresten, P.Comment on an occurrence of apatite rich rocks of carbonatitic affinity near the Jotnian Graben structure Gavle,Central SwedenGeol. Forens I Stock Forhandl, Vol. 108, pp. 251-255SwedenCarbonatite, Apatite
DS1986-0464
1986
Kresten, P.Kresten, P., Morogan, V.Fenitization at the Fen complex, Southern NorwayLithos, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 27-42Norway, ScandinaviaCarbonatite
DS1987-0255
1987
Kresten, P.Griffin, W.L., Kresten, P.Scandinavia-the carbonatite connectionin: Nixon, P.H. ed. Mantle xenoliths, J. Wiley, pp. 101-106ScandinaviaCarbonatite, p. 102 analyses Scandina
DS1988-0377
1988
Kresten, P.Kresten, P.Granitization- fact or fiction?Geol. Foreningens I Stockholm Forhand, Vol. 110, pt. 4, pp. 335-340GlobalGranite, Overview
DS1988-0378
1988
Kresten, P.Kresten, P.The chemistry of fenitization: examples from Fen, NorwayChemical Geology, Vol. 68, No. 3-4, pp. 329-349NorwaySovite, ijolite, Fen
DS1992-0893
1992
Kresten, P.Kresten, P.Late stage evolution of the Alno alkaline carbonatitic complex, SwedenProceedings of the 29th International Geological Congress. Held Japan August 1992, Vol. 2, abstract p. 572SwedenCarbonatite
DS1992-0894
1992
Kresten, P.Kresten, P.Evolution of sovites in the Alno area, SwedenProceedings of the 29th International Geological Congress. Held Japan August 1992, Vol. 2, abstract p. 572SwedenSovites, Carbonatite
DS1994-0951
1994
Kresten, P.Kresten, P.Chemistry of fenitization at Fen, Norway and Alno, SwedenProceedings of Fifth International Kimberlite Conference, Vol. 1, pp. 252-262.Norway, SwedenAlnoite
DS1998-0840
1998
KretschmarLeCheminant, A.N., Heaman, L.M., Kretschmar, LeCouteurComplex origins and multiple ages of mantle zircon megacrysts from Canadian and South African kimberlites.7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 486-8.Northwest Territories, South Africascanning electron microscope (SEM) and backscatter electron (BSE) imaging on zircons, Deposit - Drybones Bay, Kaalvallei, Leceister
DS1996-0786
1996
Kretschmar, U.Kretschmar, U.Geology and diamond potential of the Drybones Bay kimberlitenorthwest Territories Exploration overview 1995, March pp. 3-23. abstractNorthwest TerritoriesHistory, Deposit -Drybones Bay
DS1996-0787
1996
Kretschmer, U.Kretschmer, U.Drybones Bay kimberlite... exploration updateNorthwest Territories Exploration Overview, Nov. 26, p. 4p. addedNorthwest TerritoriesGeochronology, Mineral chemistry
DS2001-0989
2001
KretserRudashevsky, N.S., Kretser, Bulakh, RudashevskyTwo types of platinum group elements (PGE) mineralization in carbonatite deposits Phalaborwa Kovdor Massif.Journal of South African Earth Sciences, Vol. 32, No. 1, p. A 30.(abs)South Africa, RussiaCarbonatite, Palaborwa, Kovdor
DS2000-0844
2000
Kretser, Y.Rudahevsky, N., Kretser, Y., Rudashevsky, V., BulakhNoble metal mineralization in carbonatites from Kovdor, Kola Peninsula, and Phalabora, South Africa.Igc 30th. Brasil, Aug. abstract only 1p.Russia, Kola Peninsula, South AfricaCarbonatite - mineralogy, Deposit - Kovdor, Phalabora
DS1999-0613
1999
Kretser, Y.L.Rudashevsky, N.S., Kretser, Y.L., Bulakh, A.G.platinum group elements (PGE) mineralization of carbonatite depositsStanley, SGA Fifth Biennial Symposium, pp. 675-8.South Africa, Russia, Kola PeninsulaCarbonatite, Loolecop, Phalabora, Kovdor
DS1975-0550
1977
Kretz, R.Kretz, R.Fort Coulonge Otter Lake, Kazabazua AreaQuebec Department of Mines, DPV 514, 309p.QuebecGeology
DS1989-0829
1989
Kretz, R.Kretz, R., Loop, J., Hartree, R.Petrology and Li-Be-B geochemistry of muscovite-biotite granite and associated pegmatite near Yellowknife, CanadaContributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 102, No. 2, pp. 174-190Northwest TerritoriesRare earths, Geochemistry
DS1960-0448
1964
Kreuger, H.W.Ferris, C.S.JR., Kreuger, H.W.New Radiogenic Ages on Igneous Rocks from the Southern Laramie Range, Wyoming.Geological Society of America (GSA) Bulletin., Vol. 75, PP. 1051-1054.United States, Wyoming, State Line, Rocky MountainsBlank
DS1992-1598
1992
Kreulen, R.Varekamp, J.C., Kreulen, R., Poorter, R.P.E., Van bergen, M.J.Carbon sources in arc volcanism, with implications for the carbon cycleTerra Nova, Vol. 4, pp. 363-373GlobalArc volcanism., Carbon cycle
DS201902-0314
2019
Kreuzer, O.Roshanravan, B., Aghajani, H., Yousefi, M., Kreuzer, O.An improved prediction-area plot for prospectivity analysis of mineral deposits ( not specific to diamonds).Natural Resources Research, doi.org/10.1007/s11053-018-9439-7 17p.Iranchromite

Abstract: In this paper an improved prediction-area plot has been developed. This type of plot includes performance measures similar to other existing methods (receiver operating characteristics, success-rate curves and ordinary prediction-area plots) and, therefore, offers a reliable method for evaluating the performance of spatial evidence maps and prospectivity models. To demonstrate the reliability of the improved prediction-area plot proposed, we investigated the benefits of augmented targeting criteria through remotely sensed exploration features, compared to only geological map-derived criteria, for mineral prospectivity analysis using as an example the podiform chromite deposits of the Sabzevar Ophiolite Belt, Iran. The application of the newly developed improved prediction-area plot to the prospectivity models generated in this study indicated that the augmented targeting criteria by using remote sensing data perform better than non-updated geological map-derived criteria, and that model effectiveness can be improved by using an integrated approach that entails geologic remote sensing.
DS1986-0793
1986
Kreynin, A.B.Suvorov, V.D., Kreinin, A.B., Kreynin, A.B., et al.Subsurface seismic studies at depth along the Tas-Yuryakh-Amlaznyi-Malykai profile ( Western Yakutia)Soviet Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 27, No. 11, pp. 70-75RussiaGeophysics, Kimberlite, Mirny field
DS1995-1443
1995
Kribek, B.Pasava, J., Kribek, B., Zak, K.Mineral deposits: from their origin to their environmental impactsProceedings Third Biennial SGA Meeting, Balkema Publ, 1100p. approx. 250.00GlobalGranitoid related deposits, Gold, Metamorphism and mineralizations, Industrial minerals, Metallogeny evolution of orogenic belts, Sedex -
DS1970-0550
1972
Kridelbaugh, S.J.Kridelbaugh, S.J., Hobbitt, R.P., Kellogg, K., Larson, E.E.Petrologic and Paleomagnetic Implication of the Green Mountain Diatreme.Geological Society of America (GSA), Vol. 4, No. 6, P. 386, (abstract.).United States, Colorado, Rocky Mountains, VermontRelated Rocks
DS1970-0742
1973
Kridelbaugh, S.J.Kridelbaugh, S.J., Meyer, H.O.A.Kimberlite from Green Mountain ColoradoEos, Vol. 54, No. 11, P. 1224, (abstract.).United States, Colorado, Rocky MountainsKimberlite, Geophysics
DS1975-0571
1977
Kridelbaugh, S.J.Meyer, H.O.A., Kridelbaugh, S.J.Green Mountain Kimberlite, Colorado: Mineralogy and PetrologInternational Kimberlite Conference SECOND, EXTENDED ABSTRACT VOLUME., 3P.United States, Colorado, Rocky Mountains, VermontBlank
DS1981-0182
1981
Kridvik, S.G.Glevasskiy, E.B., Kridvik, S.G.Precambrian Carbonatite Complex of the Azov Region. (russian)Izd. Nauk Dumka Kiev Ukrainian SSR, (Russian), 228pRussiaCarbonatite
DS201904-0753
2019
Kriegsman, L. de RoeverKroonenberg, S., Mason, P.R.D., Kriegsman, L. de Roever, E.W.F., Wong, T.E.Geology and mineral deposits of the Guiana Shield.SAXI-XI Inter Guiana Geological Conferene 2019: Paramaribo, Suriname, 6p. PdfSouth America, Brazil, VenezuelaGuiana shield

Abstract: The Guiana Shield records a long history that starts in the Archean, but culminates in the Trans-Amazonian Orogeny between 2.26-2.09 Ga as a result of an Amazonian-West-Africa collision. This event is responsible for the emplacement of a major part of its mineralisations, especially gold, iron and manganese. The diamondiferous Roraima Supergroup represents its molasse. Between 1.86 and 1.72 Ga the Rio Negro Block accreted in the west. The Grenvillian Orogeny caused shearing and mineral resetting between 1.3 and 1.1 Ga when Amazonia collided with Laurentia. Younger platform covers contain placer gold mineralisation. Several suits of dolerite dykes record short-lived periods of crustal extension. Bauxite plateaus cover various rock units.
DS2000-0970
2000
Kriegsman, L.M.Vaisanen, M., Mantarri, I., Kriegsman, L.M., Holtta, P.Tectonic setting of post collisional magmatism in the Paleoproterozoic Svecofennian Orogen, southwest Finland.Lithos, Vol. 54, No. 1-2, Oct. pp. 63-81.FinlandTectonics, mantle enrichment, magmatism
DS2001-0635
2001
Kriegsman, L.M.Kriegsman, L.M.Prograde and retrograde processes in crustal melting. Introduction to special issue.Lithos, Vol. 56, No. 1, Feb. 3p. (ix-xi)MantleMelting
DS200712-1136
2007
Kriel, L.Ward, J., Spaggiari, S., Kriel, L.Digging in the DRC: shades of Ye olde Kimberley?Diamonds in Kimberley Symposium & Trade Show, Bristow and De Wit held August 23-24, Kimberley, South Africa, GSSA Diamond Workshop CD slides 40Africa, Democratic Republic of CongoHistory, locals! Mbelenge
DS200812-0602
2008
Krien, Y.Krien, Y., Fleitout, L.Gravity above subduction zones and forces controlling plate motions.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, B9407.MantleGeophysics - gravity
DS200812-0603
2008
Krien, Y.Krien,Y., Fleitout, L.Gravity above subduction zones and forces controlling plate motions.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 112, B9407.MantleSubduction
DS200612-0745
2006
Krienitz, M.S.Krienitz, M.S., Haase, K.M., Mezger, K., Eckardt, V., Shaikh Mashail, M.A.Magma genesis and crustal contamination of continental intraplate lavas in northwestern Syria.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 151, 6, pp. 698-716.Africa, SyriaMagmatism - not specific to diamonds
DS201112-0552
2011
Krienitz, M-S.Krienitz, M-S., Haase, K.M.The evolution of the Arabian lower crust and lithospheric mantle - geochemical constraints from southern Syrian mafic and ultramafic xenoliths.Chemical Geology, Vol. 280, 3-4, pp. 271-283.Asia, ArabiaSubduction
DS1995-1023
1995
Krige, B.Krige, B.Uneasy lies the road aheadSouth African Institute Min., Dec. pp. 4-6.South Africa, RussiaEconomics, CSO
DS1991-1255
1991
Krige, D.G.Olea, R.A., Christakos, G., David, M., Journel, A.G., Krige, D.G.Geostatistical glossary and multilingual dictionaryOxford University of Press, 288p. $ 55.95 approxGlobalGeostatistics -glossary
DS1982-0342
1982
Krigman, L.D.Kogarko, L.N., Petrova, YE.N., Krigman, L.D.Strontium Fractionation During Melilite Crystallization in The System Nepheline-diopside-apatite.Doklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section., Vol. 153, No. 1-6, PP. 210-212.RussiaIsotope, Crystallography
DS1995-1024
1995
Krigman, L.D.Krigman, L.D., Kogarko, L.N., Vekster, I.V.Melilite melt equilibrium and the role of melilite in the evolution of ultralkaline magmas.Geochemistry International, Vol. 32, No. 8, Aug. 1, pp. 91-101.GlobalMelilites
DS1997-0506
1997
Krijgsman, W.Hilgen, F.J., Krijgsman, W., Langereis, C.G., Lourens, L.Breakthrough made in dating of the geological recordEos, Vol. 78, No. 28, July 15, p. 285, 288, 289GlobalTimescale, Sedimentary cycles
DS200612-0748
2006
Krijgsman, W.Kuiper, K.F., Krijgsman, W., Garces, M., Wijbrans, J.R.Revised isotopic (40 Ar 29 Ar) age for the lamproite volcano of Cabezos Negros, Fortuna Basin, eastern Beltics, SE Spain).Paleogeography Paleoclimatology Paleoecology, Vol. 238, 1-4, pp. 53-63.Europe, SpainLamproite
DS202006-0942
2020
Krimsky, R.Sh.Nikitina, L.P., Goncharov, A.G., Bogomolov, E.S., Beliatsky, B.V., Krimsky, R.Sh., Prichodko, V.S., Babushkina, M.S., Karaman, A.A.HFSE and REE geochemistry and Nd-Sr-Os systematics of peridotites in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle of the Siberian craton and central Asian fold belt junction area: data on mantle xenoliths.Petrology, Vol. 28, 2, pp. 207-219.RussiaREE

Abstract: Mantle xenoliths were found in alkaline basalts of Tokinsky Stanovik (TSt) in the Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoy superterrane (DS) and Vitim plateau (VP) in the Barguzin-Vitim superterrane (BV) (Stanovoy suture area) at junction of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) and the Siberian craton (SC). Xenoliths from TSt basalts are represented by spinel lherzolites, harzburgites, wehrlites; while VP basalts frequently contain spinel-garnet and garnet peridotites lherzolites, and pyroxenites. Xenoliths in kimberlites of the Siberian craton are mainly represented by garnet-bearing lherzolites with abundant eclogite xenoliths (age of 2.7-3.1 Ga), which were not found in mantle of superterranes. The Re-Os determinations point to the Early Archean age of peridotites and eclogites from mantle beneath the Siberian craton. The major and trace (rare-earth and high-filed strength) elements and Nd-Sr-Os composition were analyzed in the peridotites (predominant rocks) of lithospheric mantle at junction of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and Siberian Craton. The degree of rock depletion in CaO and Al2O3 and enrichment in MgO relative to the primitive mantle in the peridotites of the Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoy superterrane is close to that of the Siberian craton. The peridotites of the Barguzin-Vitim superterrane are characterized by much lower degree of depletion and have mainly a primitive composition. Mantle melting degree reaches up to 45-50% in the Siberian Craton and Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoy superterrane, and is less than 25% in the Barguzin-Vitim terrane. The mantle peridotites of the craton as compared to those of adjacent superterranes are enriched in Ba, Rb, Th, Nb, and Ta and depleted in Y and REE from Sm to Lu. However, all studied peridotites are characterized by mainly superchondritic values of Nb/Ta (>17.4), Zr/Hf (>36.1), Nb/Y (>0.158), and Zr/Y (>2.474). The Nb/Y ratio is predominantly >1.0 in SC peridotites and < 1.0 in the superterrane peridotites. The Nd and Sr isotopic compositions in the latter correspond to those of oceanic basalts. The 187Os/188Os ratio is low (0.108-0.115) in the peridotites of the Siberian Craton and > 0.115 but usually lower than 0.1296 (primitive upper mantle value) in the peridotites of the Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoy and Barguzin-Vitim superterranes. Thus, the geochemical and isotopic composition of peridotites indicates different compositions and types of mantle beneath the Siberian craton and adjacent superterranes of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in the Early Archean, prior to the formation of 2.7-3.1 Ga eclogites in the cratonic mantle.
DS201412-0549
2014
Kring, D.A.Marchi, S., Bottke, W.F., Elkins-Tanton, M., Bierhaus, K., Wuennemann, A., Morbidelli, Kring, D.A.Wide spread mixing and burial of Earth's Hadean crust by asteroid impacts.Nature, Vol. 511, July 31, pp. 578-582.GlobalGeochronology - zircons
DS200412-0541
2004
Krinochkin, V.G.Fedorov, Y.N., Krinochkin, V.G., Ivanov, K.S., Krasnobaev, A.A., Kaleganov, B.A.Stages of tectonic reactivation of the west Siberian platform ( based on K Ar dating).Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 397, 5, pp. 628-631.Russia, SiberiaTectonics
DS1989-0830
1989
Krinsley, D.H.Krinsley, D.H., Manley, C.R.back scattered electron microscopy as an advanced technique in petrographyJournal of Geology Education, Vol. 37, No. 3, May pp. 202-210GlobalPetrography, Overview
DS1991-1744
1991
Krinsley, D.H.Tovey, N.K., Krinsley, D.H.Mineralogical mapping of scanning electron micrographsSedimentary Geology, Vol. 75, pp. 109-123GlobalSediments, Micro-mineralogy
DS201412-0481
2014
Krippner, A.Krippner, A., Meinhold, G., Morton, A.C., Von Eynatten, H.Evaluation of garnet discrimination diagrams using geochemical dat a of garnets from various host rocks.Sedimentology, Vol. 306, pp. 36-42.Europe, Austria, NorwayMineral chemistry - garnets
DS201812-2892
2018
Krippner, A.Tolosana-Delgado, R., von Eynatten, H., Krippner, A., Meinhold, G.A multivariate discrimination scheme of detrital garnet chemistry for use in sedimentary provenance analysis.Sedimentary Geology, Vol. 375, pp. 14-26.Europe, Norway, Austria, Africa, Ugandamineral chemistry

Abstract: Garnet chemistry provides a well-established tool in the discrimination and interpretation of sediment provenance. Current discrimination approaches, however, (i) suffer from using less variables than available, (ii) subjective determination of discrimination fields with strict boundaries suggesting clear separations where in fact probabilities are converging, and (iii) significant overlap of compositional fields of garnet from different host-rock groups. The new multivariate discrimination scheme is based on a large database, a hierarchical discrimination approach involving three steps, linear discriminant analysis at each step, and the five major host-rock groups to be discriminated: eclogite- (A), amphibolite- (B) and granulite- (C) facies metamorphic rocks as well as ultramafic (D) and igneous rocks (E). The successful application of statistical discrimination approaches requires consideration of the a priori knowledge of the respective geologic setting. This is accounted for by the use of prior probabilities. Three sets of prior probabilities (priors) are introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The user is free to choose among these priors, which can be further modified according to the specific geologic problem and the level of a priori knowledge. The discrimination results are provided as integrated probabilities of belonging to the five major host-rock groups. For performing calculations and results a supplementary Excel® spreadsheet is provided. The discrimination scheme has been tested for a large variety of examples of crystalline rocks covering all of the five major groups and several subgroups from various geologic settings. In most cases, garnets are assigned correctly to the respective group. Exceptions typically reflect the peculiarities of the regional geologic situation. Evaluation of detrital garnets from modern and ancient sedimentary settings of the Western Gneiss Region (Norway), Eastern Alps (Austria) and Albertine Rift (Uganda) demonstrates the power to reflect the respective geologic situations and corroborates previous results. As most garnet is derived from metamorphic rocks and many provenance studies aim at reconstructing the tectonic and geodynamic evolution in the source area, the approach and the examples emphasize discrimination of metamorphic facies (i.e., temperature-pressure conditions) rather than protolith composition.
DS1989-0920
1989
KrishnaMadhaven, V., Mallikharjuna Rao, J., Subrahmanyam, K., KrishnaBedrock geology of the Elchuru alkaline pluton,Prakasam District, AndhraPradeshGeological Society of India, Memoir, Editor C. LeelanandaM., No. 15, pp. 189-206IndiaAlkaline rocks, Lamprophyres
DS201712-2699
2017
Krishna, A.K.Khanna, T.C., Subba Rao, D.V., Bizimis, M., Satyanarayanan, M., Krishna, A.K., SeshaSai, V.V.~2.1 Ga intraoceanic magmatism in the central India tectonic zone: constraints from the petrogenesis of ferropicrites in the Mahakoshal suprarcustal belt.Precambrian Research, Vol. 302, pp. 1-17.Indiapicrites
DS1986-0703
1986
Krishna, C.Sarma, S.V.S., Harinarayana, T., Venogopala, Krishna, C., SankerTellurics in the exploration of kimberlite pipes- an experimental studyCurrent Science, Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 133-136IndiaWajrakarur, LattavaraM., Geophysics
DS200912-0478
2009
Krishna, C.Masun, K., Sthapak, A.V., Singh, A., Vaidya, A., Krishna, C.Exploration history and geology of the Diamondiferous ultramafic Saptarshi intrusions, Madhya Pradesh, India.Lithos, In press available, 37p.IndiaBunder project area
DS201812-2832
2018
Krishna, C.Krishna, C., Pande, L., Norris, R., Howell, D., Burgess, J.Bunder deposit: The Bunder diamond project, India: discovery of the Saptarshi lamproite pipes.Society of Economic Geology Geoscience and Exploration of the Argyle, Bunder, Diavik, and Murowa Diamond Deposits, Special Publication no. 20, pp. 191-200.Indiadeposit - Bunder
DS1996-1166
1996
Krishna, D.V. RamaRatnaker, J., Krishna, D.V. Rama, Kumar, K.V.Geochemistry and origin of the Kellampalle lamprophyre, Prakesam Andhra Pradesh.Journal of Geological Society India, Vol. 48, No. 6, Dec. 1, pp. 697-702.IndiaLamprophyre
DS201312-0470
2013
Krishna, K.A.Khanna, T.C., Sesha Sai, V.V., Zhao, G.C., Subba Rao, D.V., Krishna, K.A., Sawant, S.S., Charan, .N.Petrogenesis of mafic alkaline dikes from Mahbubnagar large igneous province, eastern Dharwar craton, India: geochemical evidence for uncontaminated intracontinental mantle derived magmatism.Lithos, Vol. 179, pp. 84-98.IndiaAlkaline rocks, dykes
DS200412-1622
2004
Krishna, K.S.Rao, D.G., Krishna, K.S., Neprochnov, Yu.P., Grinko, B.N.Satellite gravity anomalies and crustal features of the central Indian Ocean basin.Current Science, Vol. 86, 7, April 10, pp. 948-957.IndiaTectonics, crustal, lineaments
DS200412-1054
2004
Krishna, V.G.Krishna, V.G.Propagation of regional seismic phases in the Indian Shield: constraints on crustal and upper mantle velocity models.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 94, 1, Feb. pp. 29-43.IndiaGeophysics - seismics, tectonics
DS1992-0988
1992
Krishna Deb, S.Mandal, N., Khan, D., Krishna Deb, S.An experimental approach to wide necked pinch and swell structuresJournal of Structural Geology, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 395-403GlobalStructure, Pinch and swell
DS200412-1055
2004
KrishnakantaKrishnakanta, Singh, A.Geochemistry and petrogenesis of granite in Kundal area, Malani igneous suite, western Rajasthan.Journal Geological Society of India, Vol. 60, 2, pp. 183-192.IndiaTectonics
DS1985-0368
1985
Krishnam, P.Krishnam, P.Petrology of the Carbonatites and Associated Rocks of Sung Valley, Jaintia Hills District Meghalaya India.Geological Society INDIA Journal, Vol. 26, No. 6, PP. 361-379.India, Meghalaya, Jaintia HillsCarbonatite
DS1993-1096
1993
Krishnam, P.Murari, R., Krishnam, P., Tikhonen, P.I., Gopalan, K.Magnesian ilmenites in picrite basalts from Siberian and Deccan traps-additional mineralogical evidence for primary melt compositions.Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 57, No. 389, December pp. 733-735.Russia, IndiaPicrite basalts
DS1990-1209
1990
Krishnamacharyulu, S.K.G.Radhakrishna Murthy, I.V., Krishnamacharyulu, S.K.G.Automatic inversion of gravity anomalies of faultsComputers and Geosciences, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 539-548GlobalComputer, Program -faults/gravity
DS1960-0974
1968
Krishnamurthy, K.V.Krishnamurthy, K.V., Ballal, N.R.R.Investigation of Ultrabasic Pipes and Other Basic Rocks in Anantapur District.India Geological Survey Progr, Report, FOR 1965-1966, UNPUBL. ReportIndia, Andhra PradeshProspecting
DS1988-0379
1988
Krishnamurthy, P.Krishnamurthy, P.Carbonatites in IndiaExploration and research for atomic minerals, Publishing Department of Atomic Energy, pp. 81-115IndiaCarbonatite, Review
DS1992-0895
1992
Krishnamurthy, P.Krishnamurthy, P., Kaul, R.Ore deposits related to carbonatite and alkaline magmatism in India:exploration and genesisProceedings of the 29th International Geological Congress. Held Japan August 1992, Vol. 2, abstract p. 576IndiaCarbonatite
DS2000-0534
2000
Krishnamurthy, P.Krishnamurthy, P., Gopalan, K., MacDougall, J.D.Olivine compositions in picrite basalts and the Deccan volcanic cycleJournal of Petrology, Vol. 41, No. 7, July, pp. 1057-70.IndiaPicrites
DS201801-0031
2017
Krishnamurthy, P.Krishnamurthy, P.Carbonatites of India: part 1. Field relations, petrology, mineralogy and economic aspects.Carbonatite-alkaline rocks and associated mineral deposits , Dec. 8-11, abstract p. 1-2.Indiacarbonatites

Abstract: Carbonatites of India have been reviewed by Krishnamurthy (1988; 2008) and Viladkar (2001). The present review in two parts incorporates all the developments in the field of carbonatites from India since 1963. Carbonatites of India occur in some well-defined geological environments and structural set-ups, and belong to four age groups namely, Palaeoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Cretaceous and Palaeocene. The Proterozoic ones are found in the three shield areas, namely southern (e.g., Hogenakal, Sevathur, Samalpatti, Pakkanadu, Khambammettu and Munnar), eastern (e.g. Beldi-Kutni and others) and north-western (e.g., Newania) India, often associated with deep faults and shear zones that may define terrain boundaries (e.g. carbonatites of Tamil Nadu between the Dharwar granite-greenstone schist belt and the southern Indian granulite zone). The Cretaceous and Palaeocene ones (e.g., Amba Dongar, Sirivasan, Sung Valley, Samchampi, Sarnu-Dandali-Kamthai and others) have been found to be related to the flood basalt provinces of Rajmahal, Sylhet (eastern and north-eastern India) and the Deccan (western India). Based on the field relations and associated rock types, the carbonatite-alkaline rock complexes can be grouped into four major types, namely: (a) syenite-dominated complexes with subordinate pyroxenites ± dunites (e.g. Sevathur, Samalpatti, Pakkanadu, and Samchampi); (b) pyroxenite/gabbro dominated ± dunite, ijolite, melteigite with minor syenite (e.g. Sung Valley, Swangre; Mer-Mundwara); (c) carbonatite dominated ringcomplexes or dykes with minor nephelinite and phonolite (e.g. Amba Dongar, Sarnu- Dandali, Kamthai); (d) Sheet-like, minor dykes and veins of carbonatites either alone or with syenites (e.g., Newania, Kunavaram, Eichuru, Munnar and others). Carbonatitekimberlite- lamproite-lamprophyre association has been clearly seen in the Precambrian Wajrakarur kimberlite field (e.g. Chelima dykes and Khaderpet cluster, Andhra Pradesh) and in the Jungal Valley (Mahakhoshal Group, Uttar Pradesh). Such an association from the Cretaceous Deccan basalt province has been shown to exist from Kutch, Gujarat and the Chhatishgargh-Odhisha areas. A wide variety of fenites, notably the syenitic types comprising sodic, sodic-potassic, and potassic variants have been noticed from several complexes, such as Amba Dongar, Newania, Sevattur, Samchampi, and Sung Valley. Fenitisation is attributed to both carbonatite and alkaline rocks as at Amba Dongar, Sevattur, Sung Valley, and Samchampi or to carbonatite alone (e.g. Newania and others).Among the carbonatite types, sovites (calcitic types) are the most common in most of the localities. Beforsitic (dolomitic) and ankeritic/sideritic types occur in complexes which manifest well developed differentiation trends that range from sovite to beforsite or to ankeritic and sideritic types, as exemplified by complexes such as Amba Dongar, Sevattur, Samalpatti, Newania and Sung Valley. Associated alkaline rocks, as mentioned above, enable the grouping of the complexes into four types. Heterogeneity in terms of structures, mineralogy, and chemistry is characteristic of many carbonatite bodies. Apart from the dominant carbonate-minerals such as calcite, dolomite, ankerite and siderite in the major carbonatite types, a variety of minor minerals have also been found in them. Early phase apatite-magnetite and silicate minerals (olivine, aegirineaugite, ritcherite, riebeckite, phlogopite and others) are well-developed in deep-seated plutonic complexes such as Sevattur, Newania, Sung Valley, Samalpatti, Pakkanadu, and Hogenekal. Some uncommon carbonatite types include those containing Fe-Nb rutile and benstonite from Samalpatti and eschynite, monazite, cerianite, celestite, and allanitebearing types from Pakkanadu, and magnesite from Newania. Minerals of economic importance, often in workable concentrations, occur in several complexes. These include: 1. REE minerals consisting of bastnaesite-(La) and daqingshanite-(Ce), bastnaesite-(Ce), ancylite and synchysite occur at Kamthai; bastnaesite and parasite from ankeritic carbonatites at Amba Dongar; bastnaesite-(Ce), ancylite-(Ce), belovite-(Ce), and britholite-(Ce) at Sung Valley. REE also occur as substituted elements in apatite in many complexes. 2. Pyrochlore - often uraniferous, occur at Sevathur, Sung Valley, Newania and Samchampi; 3. Apatite and/or phosphatic rocks (e.g. Beldih-Kutni, Samchampi, Sung, Sevathur and Newania). 4. Ti-magnetite/ hematite deposit at Samchampi. In addition a large fluorite deposit occurs at Amba Dongar and both vermiculite and apatite are mined from the fenitised-pyroxenite envelope to the north of the Sevathur carbonatite-complex. Evaluation of field association of pyroxenite-fenites in carbonatite-syenite association along with development of carbo-thermal and/or pegmatitic and skarn-rock facies in some complexes such as Samalpatti and Pakkanadu in Tamil Nadu suggests strong possibilities of Sc mineralization in some (e.g. 0.02% Sc from Pakkanadu pyroxenite) or Sc along with possible HREE associations.
DS201801-0032
2017
Krishnamurthy, P.Krishnamurthy, P., VeenakrishnaCarbonatites of India: part 2. Geochemistry, stable and unstable isotopes and petrogenesis.Carbonatite-alkaline rocks and associated mineral deposits , Dec. 8-11, abstract p. 26-28.Indiacarbonatites

Abstract: Geochemically carbonatites and genetically associated alkaline rocks represent an anomalous association of both large-ion lithophile (LIL) elements including the highfield strength (HFS) elements group such as Sr, Ba, Zr, Nb, REE, Y, Sc, Th, and U (excluding Rb) often from trace (< 0.1%) to minor/major components (> 0.1-1%) besides Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Si, Ti, Al, P, Na, K and CO2 in major components. Extreme heterogeneity in terms of elemental abundances is in fact a characteristic feature, often at a single outcrop level, in many carbonatite complexes (e.g. Amba Dongar, Sevathur, Sung Valley). Such apparent chemical diversity is related to the mineralogical heterogeneity that is not uncommon in many carbonatite complexes, leading to diverse mineral prefixes in carbonatite types such as apatite-sovite, apatite-magnetite soviet, riebeckite beforsite, silico-carbonatite and numerous other types (e.g. Sevathur, Samalpatti and Pakkanadu). The most diagnostic geochemical character of carbonatites stem from their geochemical features, especially the higher abundances of LIL and HFS elements, often the highest among the diverse igneous rock types as also compared to the primitive mantle or sedimentary or metamorphosed limestone/or marble or calc-silicate rocks. This has been shown from several studies of Indian carbonatites (Krishnamurthy, 1988; Schleicher et. al. 1998 and others). Radiogenic and stable isotopic ratios have been used since the mid 1990’s on Indian carbonatites which range in age from mid Proterozoic to Cretaceous in both rift related settings and associated with large igneous provinces, apparently related to deep mantleplumes, to provide constraints on the evolution of the sub-continental mantle through time. Various mantle reservoirs like HIMU (A mantle source enriched in U and Th believed to be due to recycling of ancient altered oceanic crust into the mantle), DMM (Depleted MORB mantle), EM1 (Enriched Mantle 1, generated either by recycling of lower crustal material or enrichment by mantle metasomatism) and EM2 (Enriched Mantle 2, possibly formed by recycling of continentally derived sediment, or ocean island crust into the mantle by subduction processes) with distinct isotopic signatures in the Sr- Nd-Pb isotopic space have been invoked to explain the observed variations in isotopic ratios in carbonatites worldwide (Zindler and Hart, 1984 and others). Stable isotopes of Indian carbonatites have been comprehensively reviewed by Ray and Ramesh (2009). Based on ?13C and ?18O variations, carbonatites have been grouped by them into: 1. Primary, unaltered ?18O values (5.3-7.5‰) which indicate mantle signatures that ensue from batch crystallization under plutonic conditions, as observed at Hogenakal, Sung Valley and Samchampi. ?13C values, however, appear to be more enriched (-6 to - 3.1‰) than expected for the mantle. Such a feature of enrichment probably happened sometime around ~2.4 Ga, as a sequel to metasomatism by fluids derived from recycled oceanic crust through subduction that carried enriched carbon of lithospheric mantle. 2. Secondary, altered carbonatites’ (e.g. mainly Amba Dongar and others) showing wide variations in ?13C and ?18 O values apparently results from low temperature alteration by either meteoric water or CO2-bearing aqueous fluids. The values of ??Sr (+5.3 to +7.8), ??Nd ( +1.7 to + 2.3) and initial Pb ratios (19.02, 15.67 and 39.0) for the Sung Valley complex and ?Sr (+3.0 to + 9.3) and ?Nd (+0.45 to +2.3) and initial Pb ratios ( 206Pb/204Pb= 19.12, 207Pb/204Pb= 15.66 and 208Pb/204Pb= 39.56) for the Samchampi alkaline complex are well constrained and indicate that they have originated from isotopically similar source regions that are characterised by somewhat higher Rb/Sr ratio relative to bulk earth, minor LREE depletion with respect to CHUR and time integrated enhancement of the U/Pb ratio relative to bulk earth. However, carbonatites from Sirivasan and Amba Dongar (Srivatsava and Taylor, 1996, Simonetti et al., 1995, Ray and Ramesh, 2006) indicate higher values with ?Sr = +14.6 to +21.8, ?Nd = -0.6 to -1.84 and measured 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb ratios of 19.0, 15.6 and 39.3 and indicate greater enrichment in terms of higher Rb/Sr ratios and LREE enrichment with respect to CHUR. Differences in the north eastern complexes and western complexes are also seen in the stable isotopic data wherein, data for both Sung Valley and Samchampi are constrained with average values of -3.1 ± 0.1‰ for ?13C and 6.33 ± 0.2‰ and -3.1 ± 0.2‰ for ?13C and 7.34 ± 0.7‰ for ?18O respectively whereas data from Amba Dongar and Sirivasan have ?13C of -2.6 to -8.6 ‰ and ?18O of 7.62 to 26.8 ‰. Heterogeneous mantle source has been proposed for the Hogenakal carbonatites with two groups one having high ??Nd and low ??Sr and the other having low ??Nd and high ??Sr. Carbonatites from Sevattur are more enriched with ??Sr (22 to 23), ??Nd ( -5.1 to -5.7) and ?13C ( -4.8 to -6.2‰) and ?18O (6.7 to 7.6 ‰) (Schleicher et.al., 1996, Pandit., et al. 2016). Petrogenetic models of the different carbonatite complexes are reviewed in the light of geochemical and isotopic characteristics. These include models that invoke mantle plumes of both the Kerguelen (e.g. Sung Valley and Samchampi) and Reunion (e.g. Amba Dongar, Sarnu-Dandali and others related to the Deccan volcanism) and their influence on the subcontinental lithosphere. Enriched mantle sources have been indicated for many of the Proterozoic complexes of Tamil Nadu. Evaluations of the different carbonatite complexes in terms of the three known genetic models, listed as follows, have also been elucidated. These include: (a) Direct partial melts from enriched, carbonatedperidotitic sources; (b. Immiscible carbonate and silicate magma after differentiation of the primary, carbonated peridotitic magma; (c) Extreme stage of differentiation of the ultra-alkaline, nephelinite magma. Such approaches also lead us to understand the temporal evolution of the mantle source regions of carbonatites of India since Palaeoproterozoic times. The petrogenetic link between carbonatite-kimberlite-lamproitelamprophyre in the Indian scenario is also briefly reviewed.
DS201906-1306
2019
Krishnamurthy, P.Krishnamurthy, P.Carbonatites: enigmatic magmatic rocks, with special reference to India.Journal of the Geological Society of India, extended abstract of Monthly Scientific Lecture March 12, 1p.Indiacarbonatites

Abstract: Carbonatites, defined as carbonate-rich rocks of igneous origin, pose considerable challenges in understanding their genesis and evolution. These mantle-derived, rare, magmatic rocks are enigmatic in many facets compared to their associated co-magmatic rocks. These include: (a) The very-low viscous, water-soluble, Na- and K-carbonate (nyererieite and gregoryite respectively)-bearing lavas with low temperature (500-600°C) of eruption with only one active volcano as an example (e.g. Ol Doinyo Lengai, Tanzania) in contrast to the numerous acid and basic lava eruptive centres that are well-known around the world. (b). Carbonatites show very high solubilities of many elements considered rare in silicate magmas, and they have the highest known melt capacities for dissolving water and other volatile species like halogens at crustal pressures. With such ‘fluxing and fusing’ characters, carbonatite magma, actively reacts and ‘fenitises’ the country rocks through Na and K metasomatism when they get emplaced. Thus the carbonatite magma loses its Na and K, a feature rare to other magmatic rocks. (c) Primary mineralogy is highly variable from simple carbonate species to a variety of silicate, oxide, phosphate, niobates, rare-earth carbonates and others not found in more common igneous rocks. This feature, unlike other magmatic rocks, influences the variety and size of mineral deposits including the formation of ‘super-giant’ resources such as Nb (Araxa, Brazil) and rare-earths (Bayan Obo, China). (d) They can be direct partial melts or comagmatic with a variety of mantle-derived silicate magmas such as nephelinite, melilitite, kimberlite, phonolite, trachyte, basanite, alkali pyroxenite, ijolite and others from which they can form through liquidimmiscibility or through crystal-liquid differentiation. (e) Carbonatites can also be formed as low-temperature, carbo-thermal residual fluids rich in CO2, H2O and fluorine forming calcite-barite-fluorite veins which may lack the higher abundances of some trace elements. Carbonatites of India, found in some twenty four (24) localities, are associated with a variety of rocks as mentioned above and range in age from late Achaean (e.g. Hogenakal and Khambamettu, Tamil Nadu) to late Cretaceous (e.g. Amba Dongar, Gujarat). These are briefly reviewed with regard to their anomalous features.
DS201909-2053
2019
Krishnamurthy, P.Krishnamurthy, P.Carbonatites of IndiaJournal of the Geological Society of India, Vol. 94, 2, pp. 117-138.Indiacarbonatite

Abstract: Based on the field relations, associated rock types and age, the carbonatite-alkaline rock complexes of India, that are spatially related to deep main faults, rifts and shear zones, have been classified in to two major groups, namely: 1. Middle — late Cretaceous, subvolcanic -volcanic complexes (Amba Dongar, Siriwasan, Swangkre, Mer-Mundwara, Sarnu-Dandali-Kamthai) and 2. Paleo-Neoproterozoic plutonic complexes (Newania, Sevathur, Samalpatti, Hogenakal, Kollegal, Pakkanadu, Udaiyapatti, Munnar, and Khambamettu). The middle Cretaceous Sung Valley and Samchampi complexes also belong to this plutonic group. Three minor associations, belonging to these two age groups include, the Neoproterzoic, late stage veins of carbonatites in peralkaline syenite complexes (e.g., Kunavaram, Elchuru), the diamond-bearing carbonatite and kimberlite at Khaderpet and the lamprophyre-lamproite association (e.g., Pachcham Is. Upper Cretaceous, Deccan Volcanic Province, and the Proterozoic Chitrangi Group). Petrological associations include carbonatite-nephelinite-phonolite (e.g. Amba Dongar, Sarnu-Dandali-Kamthai), dunite-peridotite-pyroxenite-ijolitemelilitite (e.g. Sung Valley), miaskitic syenite-pyroxenite ± dunite (e.g. Sevathur, Samalpatti, Pakkanadu), carbonatite alone with fenites (e.g. Newania), besides those minor associations mentioned above. Sovites (calico-carbonatites) occur as the most dominant type in some ten (10) complexes. Beforsite (magnesio-carbonatite) is the dominant type at Newania and ankeritic-sideritic types are mainly found at Amba Dongar, Siriwasan and Newania. The rare benstonite-bearing carbonatites are found at Jokkipatti and Udaiyapatti in Tamil Nadu. Mineralogically and chemically the carbonatites show considerable diversity. Fenitised zones and types of fenites (Na, K and mixed) vary widely since the carbonatites are emplaced in a variety of hostrocks ranging from granitic, mafic, ultramafic, charnockitic types besides basalts and sandstones. Stable (?13C and ?18O) and radiogenic (Sr, Nd and Pb) isotopes clearly indicate their mantle origin and also the diverse types of sources (both depleted HIMU and enriched EM 1 and 2). Petrogenetic considerations reveal three types of carbonatites, namely direct partial melts from metasomatised mantle (e.g. Newania), liquid immiscibility from carbonatite-nephelinite association (e.g. Amba Dongar) and through fractionation of ultra-alkaline ultramafic and mafic association (e.g. Sung Valley). Carbonatites of India that host significant resources include Amba Dongar (Fluorite, REE, Nb, P, Ba, Sr), Kamthai (REE), Sevathur (Nb, P, vermiculite), Beldih (P, Fe), Sung Valley (P, Nb, REE, Fe) and Samchampi (P, Nb, Fe, REE).
DS202006-0929
2020
Krishnamurthy, P.Krishnamurthy, P.Rare metal (RM) and rare earth element ( REE) resources: world scenario with special reference to India.Journal of the Geological Society of India, Vol. 95, pp. 464-474.India, globalREE

Abstract: The RM (Li, Be, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, Th and U) and REE (Light Rare Earths and Heavy Rare Earths including Yttrium) are strategic and critical for sustaining a variety of industries such as nuclear, defence, information technology (IT) and green energy options (wind, solar, electric vehicles and others). The 2010 ‘Rare Earth’ crisis of the world, following China’s monopoly with over 80% share and export restrictions in the REE market, led to an exploration boom for REE all over the world including India. This led to a substantial increase in REE mineral resources (98 Mt of contained REO in 2015) outside China located in Canada (38 Mt), Greenland (39 Mt) and Africa (10.3 Mt) that represents a fivefold increase in resources (c.f. Paulick and Machacek, 2017). As per the 2019, USGS commodity survey, the world reserves of REE have been estimated at 120 Mt in countries such as China (44Mt), Brazil (22Mt), Vietnam (22 Mt), Russia (12 Mt), India (6.9 Mt) and others (13 Mt). At present world resources of RM and REE are adequate to cater the demands of the different industries. The constraints, however, appear to be not technical but mainly environmental and social issues.
DS2000-0535
2000
Krishnamuthry, P.Krishnamuthry, P., Hoda, S.Q., Sinha, R.P., BanerjeeEconomic aspects of carbonatites in IndiaJournal of Asian Earth Science, Vol. 18, No.2, Apr. pp.229-35.IndiaCarbonatite, Economics
DS1950-0075
1951
Krishnan, M.S.Krishnan, M.S.Diamonds; India Geological Survey, 1951India Geological Survey Memoir., Vol. 80, CHAPTER XVI, PP. 99-105.IndiaLocalities, Description, History
DS1950-0405
1958
Krishnan, M.S.Krishnan, M.S.General Report for 1953: DiamondsIndia Geological Survey Records, Vol. 87, PT. 1, P. 84.India, Madras, Vindhya PradeshAnantapur, Krishna, Diamond Occurrences
DS1970-0328
1971
Krishnan, M.S.Krishnan, M.S.The Distribution of Diamond Deposits in IndiaIndia Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publishing, No. 19, PP. 1-6.India, Panna, Andhra Pradesh, OrissaKimberlite Pipes And Deposits, Alluvial Placer Deposits
DS1940-0120
1946
Krishnan, R.S.Krishnan, R.S.Temperature Variations of the Raman Frequences in DiamondProceedings Indian Acad. Sciences, Vol 24, No. A, No. 1, July pp. 45-64IndiaDiamond, Raman Spectroscopy
DS201212-0339
2012
Krishnan, S.U.Jelsma, H.,Krishnan, S.U., Perritt, S.,Kumar, M., Preston, R., Winter, F., Lemotlo, L., Costa, J., Van der Linde, G., Facatino, M., Posser, A., Wallace, C., Henning, A., Joy, S., Chinn, I., Armstrong, R., Phillips, D.Kimberlites from central Angola: a case stidy of exploration findings.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Feb. 6-11, Bangalore India, AbstractAfrica, AngolaOverview of kimberlites
DS201312-0439
2013
Krishnan, U.Jelsma, H., Krishnan, U.Kimberlites from central Angola: a case study of exploration findings.Proceedings of the 10th. International Kimberlite Conference, Vol. 2, Special Issue of the Journal of the Geological Society of India,, Vol. 2, pp. 173-190.Africa, AngolaDeposit - Dando-Kwanza
DS201412-0427
2013
Krishnan, U.Jelsma, H., Krishnan, U., Perritt, S., Preston, R., Winter, F., Lemotlo, L., van der Linde, G., Armstrong, R., Phillips, D., Joy, S., Costa, J., Facatino, M., Posser, A., Kumar, M., Wallace, C., Chinn, I., Henning, A.Kimberlites from central Angola: a case study of exploration findings.Proceedings of the 10th. International Kimberlite Conference, Vol. 2, pp. 173-190.Africa, AngolaExploration - kimberlites
DS1975-0120
1975
Krishnaswamy, V.S.Krishnaswamy, V.S.The Jungel Integrated Exploration Project in Search of Diamondiferous Kimberlite.Geological Survey INDIA UNPUBL. REPORT FOR 1973-1974, India, Uttar PradeshProspecting
DS1975-0318
1976
Krishnaswamy, V.S. ET. AL.Krishnaswamy, V.S. ET. AL.Progress Report No. 2 on the Jungel Integrated Exploration Project in Search of Diamondiferous Kimberlite, Mirzapur District, U.p.India Geological Survey Program Report, FOR 1974-1975India, Uttar PradeshDiamond Prospecting
DS2003-1122
2003
Krishnendu, N.R.Radhakrishna, T., Joseph, M., Krishnendu, N.R., Balasubramonian, G.Paleomagnetism of mafic dykes in Dharwar Craton: possible geodynamic implicationsGeological Society of India Memoir, No. 50, pp. 193-224.IndiaGeophysics - magnetics
DS200412-1608
2003
Krishnendu, N.R.Radhakrishna, T., Joseph, M., Krishnendu, N.R., Balasubramonian, G.Paleomagnetism of mafic dykes in Dharwar Craton: possible geodynamic implications.Geological Society of India Memoir, No. 50, pp. 193-224.IndiaGeophysics - magnetics
DS201312-0727
2013
Krishnendu, N.R.Radhakrishna, T., Krishnendu, N.R., Balasubramonian, G.Nd-Hf isotope systematics of megacrysts from the Mbuji-Mayi kimberlites, D.R. Congo: evidence for a metasomatic origin related to kimberlite interaction with the cratonic lithosphere mantle.Earth Science Reviews, in press availableIndiaGondwana
DS201312-0728
2013
Krishnendu, N.R.Radhakrishna, T., Krishnendu, N.R., Balasubramonian, G.Paleoproterozoic Indian shield in the global continental assembly: evidence from the paleomagnetism of mafic dyke swarms.Earth Science Reviews, Vol. 126, pp. 370-389.IndiaDykes
DS1991-1729
1991
Krisjansson, F.J.Thorleifson, L.H., Krisjansson, F.J.Drift prospecting studies in support of mineral exploration: an example from the Beardmore-Geraldton area, OntarioG.s.c. Current Activites Forum, Program With Abstracts, January 22-23, 1991, p. 3. AbstractOntarioKimberlite indicator minerals -slides, No mention in abstract -talk with slides of indicators
DS1996-0788
1996
Krisna, V.G.Krisna, V.G., Ramesh, D.S.A discussion on 410 km depth discontinuity: a sharpness estimate for near vertical reflection Vidale.Geophysical research Letters, Vol. 23, No. 18, Sept. 1, pp. 2573-MantleGeophysics -seismics, Discontinuity
DS1995-1025
1995
KRISP working groupKRISP working groupGroup takes a fresh look at the lithosphere underneath southern KenyaEos, Vol. 76, No. 8, Feb. 21, p. 73, 81, 82.KenyaLithosphere, Tectonics, rifting
DS1990-0888
1990
KristenesenKrogh, E.T., Andresen, A., Bryhni, I., Broks, T.M., KristenesenEclogites and polyphase P-T cycling in the Caledonian uppermost allochthonin Troms, northern NorwayJournal of Metamorphic Geology, Vol. 8, No. 3, May pp. 289-310NorwayEclogites
DS1989-0635
1989
Kristjansson, F.J.Hicock, S.R., Kristjansson, F.J.Gold exploration using tills of the Beardmore-Geraldton area, northernOntarioThe Canadian Mining and Metallurgical Bulletin (CIM Bulletin), Vol. 82, No. 922, February pp. 50-54OntarioGeochemistry -Till, Gold -Beardmore Geraldton
DS1989-0636
1989
Kristjansson, F.J.Hicock, S.R., Kristjansson, F.J., Sharpe, D.R.Carbonate till as a soft bed for Pleistocene ice streams on the Canadian Shield north of Lake SuperiorCanadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 26, No. November pp. 2249-2254OntarioGeomorphology, Ice flow indicators
DS1990-1460
1990
Kristjansson, F.J.Thorleifson, L.H., Kristjansson, F.J.Geochemical, mineralogical and lithological analyses of glacial sediments for gold, base metals and kimberlite exploration Beardmore-Geraldton area, Thunder Bay OntGeological Survey of Canada Open File, No. 2266, 442p. $54.50 Geological Society of Canada (GSC) and (disk. from Ashley $ 25.00OntarioGeochemistry, Kimberlite indicator mine
DS201609-1697
2016
Kristoffersen, M.Andersen, T., Kristoffersen, M., Elburg, M.A.How far can we trust provenance and crustal evolution information from detrital zircons? A South African case study.Gondwana Research, Vol. 34, pp. 129-148.Africa, South AfricaGeochronology

Abstract: U-Pb and Lu-Hf data are routinely used to trace detrital zircon in clastic sediments to their original source in crystalline bedrock (the protosource), to map out paths of sediment transport, and characterize large-scale processes of crustal evolution. For such data to have a provenance significance, a simple transport route from the protosource in which the zircon formed to its final site of deposition is needed. However, detrital zircon data from Phanerozoic sedimentary cover sequences in South Africa suggest that this “source to sink” relationship has been obscured by repeated events of sedimentary recycling. Phanerozoic sandstones (Cape Supergroup, Karoo Supergroup, Natal Group, Msikaba Formation) and unconsolidated, Cenozoic sands in South Africa share major detrital zircon fractions of late Mesoproterozoic (940-1120 Ma, ?Hf ? 0 to + 15) and Neoproterozoic age (470-720 Ma, ?Hf ? ? 10 to + 8). A Permian age fraction (240-280 Ma, ?Hf ? ? 8 to + 5) is prominent in sandstones from the upper part of the Karoo Supergroup. All of these sequences are dominated by material derived by recycling of older sedimentary rocks, and only the youngest, late Palaeozoic fraction has a clear provenance significance (Gondwanide orogen). The virtual absence of Archaean zircon is a striking feature in nearly all suites of detrital zircon studied in the region. This indicates that significant events in the crustal evolution history of southern African and western Gondwana are not represented in the detrital zircon record. South Africa provides us with a record of recycling of cover sequences throughout the Phanerozoic, and probably back into the Neoproterozoic, in which the “sink” of one sedimentary cycle will act as the “source” in subsequent cycles. In such a setting, detrital zircon may give information on sedimentary processes rather than on provenance.
DS201905-1082
2019
Kristoffersen, M.van der Meer, Q.H.A., Scott, J.M., Serre, S.H., Whitehouse, M.J., Kristoffersen, M., Le Roux, P.J., Pope, E.C.Low delta 18 O zircon xenocrysts in alkaline basalts; a window into the complex carbonatite-metasomatic history of the Zealandia lithospheric mantle.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 254, pp. 21-39.New Zealandmetasomatism

Abstract: Megacrystic zircon grains from alkaline basaltic fields are rare but can provide fundamental insights into mantle metasomatic processes. Here, we report in-situ U-Pb ages, trace element concentrations and hafnium and oxygen isotopes for fourteen zircon megacrysts from two intraplate alkaline basalt locations in New Zealand. U-Pb ages indicate the zircons crystallised between 12.1 and 19.8 Ma. Zircon oxygen isotopic compositions range from low to mantle-like compositions (grain average ? ¹? O = 3.8-5.1‰). Hafnium isotopes (?Hf (t) = +3.3 to +10.4) mostly overlap with intraplate mafic rocks and clinopyroxene in metasomatized peridotitic mantle xenoliths but show no correlation with most trace element parameters or oxygen isotopes. The zircons are interpreted to have formed by the reaction between low-degree melts derived from pre-existing mantle metasomes and the depleted mantle lithosphere prior to eruption and transport to the surface. The low Hf concentration, an absence of Eu anomalies, and elevated U/Yb compared to Nb/Yb in the megacrystic zircons are interpreted to show that the source metasomes comprised subduction- and carbonatite-metasomatised lithospheric mantle. As these trace element characteristics are common for megacrystic zircon in intra-plate basaltic fields globally, they suggest the prevalence of subduction- and carbonatite-metsasomatised mantle under these intraplate volcanic regions. The unusually low ? ¹? O was likely present prior to metasomatic enrichment and may have resulted from high-temperature hydrothermal alteration during initial mantle lithosphere formation at a mid ocean ridge or, possibly, during subduction-related processes associated with continent formation. The combination of proportionally varied contributions from carbonatite- and subduction-metasomatised lithospheric melts with asthenospheric melts may explain the variety of primitive intraplate basalt compositions, including low ? ¹? O reported for some local intraplate lavas.
DS1989-1684
1989
Kriuchkovalski, A.I.Zinchuk, N.N., Kriuchkovalski, A.I., Melnik, I.M.Change of kimberlites at the contact with dolerites(exemplified byYakutia).(Russian)Doklady Academy of Sciences Akademy Nauk SSSR, (Russian), Vol. 307, No. 4, pp. 954-957RussiaAlteration
DS201708-1698
2017
Kriulina, G.Kriulina, G.Micro inclusions in diamonds from deposits of different genetic kimberlite types.11th. International Kimberlite Conference, PosterRussiadiamond inclusions
DS201708-1699
2017
Kriulina, G.Kriulina, G.Forecast diamond quality in the deposit.11th. International Kimberlite Conference, PosterRussiadiamond resource
DS202008-1454
2020
Kriulina, G.Vasilev, E., Kriulina, G., Klepikov, I.Luminescence of natural diamond in the NIR range.Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, Vol. 47, 31 6p. PdfRussialuminesence

Abstract: Natural diamond remains the source of many interesting effects and finds that are difficult to reproduce or detect in synthetic crystals. Herein, we investigate the photoluminescence (PL) of more than 2000 natural diamonds in the range 800-1050 nm. PL spectra were registered with excitation at 405, 450, 488 (Ar+), and 787 nm. The investigation revealed several systems that were not previously described. Some new dislocation-related systems were discovered in the spectra of crystals with signs of plastic deformation. They are four sets of doublets 890/900.3 nm, 918/930 nm, 946.5/961.5 nm, and 981/994 nm; four lines at 946, 961.5, 986, and 1020 nm. In low-nitrogen diamonds, they are accompanied by a line at 921 nm. Unreported vibronic systems with zero-phonon lines at 799.5, 819.6, 869.5, and 930 nm were revealed. In most cases, the systems were accompanied with doublet 883/885 of the simplest Ni-related center. We assigned these systems to Ni-related centers of different complexity. The results expand opportunities to restore growth conditions and thermal history of diamond crystals. The detection of new shallow centers expands the prospects of diamond as an optic and semiconductor material for applications in the NIR range.
DS202108-1284
2021
Kriulina, G.Garanin, V., Garanin, K., Kriulina, G., Samosorov, G.Geological summary of kimberlites and related rocks in the Archangelsk diamondiferous region ( ADR).Book: Diamonds from the Arkangelk Province, NW Russia., July doi.10.1007/978-3-030-35717-7_1 30p.Russia, Archangelkimberlites

Abstract: The chapter headlines the historical perspective of discovering the Arkhangelsk Diamondiferous Region, previously was also called the Arkhangelsk Diamondiferous Province (hereinafter named ADR), offers the contemporary concept of the ADR geology, and location of kimberlite fields and magmatic rock bodies in its area. It describes the layout, structure, mineralogical characteristics and lithology of pipes from the Grib and Lomonosov deposits. It gives a snapshot of the alkaline ultrabasic rocks’ representatives from the Zimny Bereg area of the ADR that is not covered by the deposits.
DS202111-1766
2021
Kriulina, G.Garanin, V., Garanin, K., Kriulina, G., Samosorov, G.Diamonds from the Arkangelsk Province, NW Russia. ENGLISHSpringer Mineralogy http://www.springer.com/series/13488, Reference to the book only! Russia, Arkangelskdiamond - morphology

Abstract: Provides researchers the latest data on the Arkhangelsk and Yakutian Diamondiferous Provinces in Russia. Enriches readers’ understanding of diamond geology and its evolution. Illustrates the complete process of diamond formation in the Archangelsk Diamondiferous Provinces.
DS201212-0381
2012
Kriulina, G.Y.Kriulina, G.Y., Kyazimov, V.O., Vasillev, E.A., Matveeva, O.P.New dat a on the structure of the cubic habit diamonds from the M.V. Lomonosov diamond deposit. Archangelsk Diamondiferous Province, Russia.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Feb. 6-11, Bangalore India, AbstractRussia, Archangel, Kola PeninsulaDeposit - Lomonosov
DS201212-0713
2012
Kriulina, G.Y.Svortsova, V.L., Petrovskiy, V.A.,Kriulina, G.Y.Shells (imprints) of diamond in kimberlite10th. International Kimberlite Conference Held Bangalore India Feb. 6-11, Poster abstractRussiaDeposit - Mir, Udachnaya
DS201312-0568
2012
Kriulina, G.Y.Makeev, A.B., Kriulina, G.Y.Metal films on the surfaces and within diamond crystals from Arkangelskaya and Yakutian diamond provinces.Geology of Ore Deposits, Vol. 54, 8, pp. 663-673.Russia, YakutiaDeposit - Lomonosovskaya, Archangelsk, Snegurochka, XXIII Congress, Internationalnaya
DS201412-0267
2014
Kriulina, G.Y.Garanin, V.K., Bovkun, A.V., Garanin, K.V., Kriulina, G.Y., Iwanich, W.Diamonds and its grade in different petrochemical types of kimberlites ( based on Russian diamond deposits).6 Simposio Brasileiro de Geologia do Diamante, Aug. 3-7, 4p. AbstractRussiaMineral chemisty
DS201412-0270
2014
Kriulina, G.Y.Garanin, V.K., Garanin, K.V., Kriulina, G.Y.Granitoids of different geochemical types of Baikal area: their diamonds from Russia.30th. International Conference on Ore Potential of alkaline, kimberlite and carbonatite magmatism. Sept. 29-, http://alkaline2014.comRussiaDiamonds
DS201705-0828
2017
Kriulina, G.Y.Garanin, V.K., Kriulina, G.Y.Diamonds in Russia. ( discoveries)lithographie.org, No. 19, pp. 94-103.RussiaBook - history
DS201809-2041
2018
Kriulina, G.Y.Iskrina, A.V., Bobrov, A.V., Kriulina, G.Y., Zedgenizov, D.A., Garanin, V.K.Melt/fluid inclusions in diamonds from the Lomonosov deposit ( Arkangelsk kimberlite province).Goldschmidt Conference, 1p. AbstractRussia, Kola Peninsuladeposit - Lomonosov

Abstract: Melt/fluid inclusions in diamonds provide important evidence for mantle diamond-forming fluids or melts. By now, the major characteristics of the composition of microinclusions have been analyzed in diamonds from several kimberlite provinces and pipes worldwide [1-4]. Here we report the first data on the composition of parent diamondforming melts for diamonds from the Arkhangelsk kimberlite province. After the study of morphology, specialty of the internal structure, and distribution of microinclusions in diamonds, 10 single crystals were selected from the 31 diamonds of the representative collection. The studied crystals may be divided into two groups: cuboids and coated diamonds. The crystals have grayish yellow or dark gray colors and are almost nontransparent due to the high content of microinclusions. Polished slices of these diamonds were studied by IR-spectroscopy, which allowed us to calculate the content of nitrogen defects, as well as the content of water and carbonates in microinclusions. X-ray spectral analyses allowed to study the composition of fluid/melt microinclusions and showed that they were essentially carbonate-silicate with significant variations between these two end-members. All inclusions contain water, with the highest H2O/CO2 in highly siliceous inclusions. Unlike diamonds from Canada and South Africa [1, 2], the studied inclusions in diamionds from the Arkhangelsk province are almost free of chlorides. Comparison of the data obtained with the database on fliud/melt inclusions in diamonds worldwide shows similar of Arkhangelsk diamonds to some diamonds from Yakutia [3, 4], and the data obtained are the most similar to the composition of microinclusions in diamonds from the Internatsionalnaya pipe (Yakutia).
DS202205-0725
2021
Kriulina, G.Y.Vasilev, E., Kriulina, G.Y., Garanin, V.K.Spectroscopy of diamonds from the M.V. Lomonosov deposit.Geology of Ore deposits, Vol. 63, pp. 668-684. pdfRussiadeposit - Lomonosov

Abstract: Diamond crystals from the M.V. Lomonosov deposit (Archangelsk oblast, Russia) were studied by luminescence and infrared spectroscopy. Three groups of crystals were distinguished according to their morphology, thermal history, and photoluminescence. The structural diversity of yellow cuboids typical for the deposit is demonstrated. New photoluminescence systems among the low-temperature cuboid crystals are observed.
DS201112-0553
2011
Kriulina, G.Yu.Kriulina, G.Yu., Garanin, V.K., Rotman, A.Ya., Kovalchuk, O.E.Pecularities of diamonds from the commercial deposits of Russia.Moscow University Geology Bulletin, Vol. 66, 3, pp. 171-183.Russia, Yakutia, Kola PeninsulaArkhangelsk, Grib, Lomonosov, Mir, Internationalnaya
DS201412-0482
2014
Kriulina, G.Yu.Kriulina, G.Yu., Garanin, V.K., Rotman, A.Ya., Kovalchuk, O.E.Pecularities of diamonds from the commercial deposits of Russia.Moscow University Geology Bulletin, Vol. 66, 3, pp. 171-183.Russia, Yakutia, Kola Peninsula, ArchangelDiamond Morphology
DS201909-2054
2019
Kriulina, G.Yu.Kriulina, G.Yu., Vasiliev, E.A., Garanin, V.K.Structural and mineralogical features of diamonds from the Lomonosov deposit ( Arkhangelsk Province): new data and interpretation.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 486, 2, pp. 627-629.Russia, Archangeldeposit - Lomonosov

Abstract: Three groups of diamond crystals that differ in morphology, photoluminescence, infrared absorption, and thermal history were discovered in the Lomonosov deposit. The first group crystals are mostly octahedrons with minor signs of dissolution and a large share of nitrogen in the form of B defects. The crystals of the second type are strongly resorbed dodecahedroids with a small share of B defects. The third group consists of crystals with low-temperature ? defects; they are cuboids that are often without traces of resorption, and tetrahexahedroids. These patterns indicate the polygenicity of the diamond in the Lomonosov deposit.
DS201910-2275
2019
Kriulina, G.Yu.Kriulina, G.Yu., Iskrina, A.V., Zedgenizov, D.A., Bobrov, A.V., Garanin, V.K.The compositional pecularities of microinclusions in diamonds from the Lomonosov deposit ( Arkangelsk Province).Geochemistry International, Vol. 57, 9, pp. 963-980.Russiadeposit - Lomonosov

Abstract: The data on the composition of microinclusions in diamonds from the Lomonosov deposits are reported for the first time. The studied diamonds include “coated” (n = 5) and cubic (n = 5) crystals. The estimated range of the degree of nitrogen aggregation in diamonds (4-39% B1) does not support their direct links with kimberlite magmatism; however, their short occurrence in the mantle at higher temperatures is probable as well. The composition of melt/fluid microinclusions in these samples varies from essentially carbonatitic to significantly silicate. It is shown that the contents of MgO, CaO, Na2O, Cl, and P2O5 decrease with increasing content of silicates and water. Different mechanisms of the generation and evolution of diamond-forming media are discussed to explain the observed variations.
DS202204-0541
2022
Kriulina, G.Yu.Vasilev, E.A., Kriulina, G.Yu., Garanin, V.K.Spectroscopy of diamond from the M.V. Lomonosov deposit.Geology of Ore Deposits, Vol. 63, 7, pp. 668-674.Russia, Kola Peninsuladeposit - Lomonosov

Abstract: Diamond crystals from the M.V. Lomonosov deposit (Archangelsk oblast, Russia) were studied by luminescence and infrared spectroscopy. Three groups of crystals were distinguished according to their morphology, thermal history, and photoluminescence. The structural diversity of yellow cuboids typical for the deposit is demonstrated. New photoluminescence systems among the low-temperature cuboid crystals are observed.
DS1981-0183
1981
Krivdik, S.G.Glevasskiy, YE.B., Krivdik, S.G.Metallogenesis of the Chernigov Massive Carbonatite, Azov Region.Izd. Nauk Dumka, Kiev, PP. 72-76.RussiaDating
DS1988-0380
1988
Krivdik, S.G.Krivdik, S.G.Titanite from alkali rocks of the Chernigovka carbonatite massif (Priazov) USSR.(Russian)Mineral. Zhurn., (Russian), Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 76-80RussiaCarbonatite
DS1982-0348
1982
Krivenko, A.P.Krivenko, A.P., Fominykh, V.I.Picrites and the Genesis of Gabbro Monzodiorite Plutonites. RusTrudy Institute Geol. Geofiz., (Russian), No. 455, pp. 34-39RussiaPicrite
DS1991-1737
1991
Krivenko, A.P.Tolstykh, N.D., Krivenko, A.P., Elisafenko, V.N., Ponomarchuk, V.A.Mineralogy of apatite-bearing carbonatites from Kuznetsk AlatauSoviet Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 32, No. 11, pp. 41-48RussiaCarbonatite, Mineralogy
DS201803-0487
2018
Krivivichev, S.V.Yakovenchuk, V.N., Yu, G., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Panikorovskii, T.L., Britvin, S.N., Krivivichev, S.V., Shilovskikh, V.V., Bocharov, V.N.Kampelite, Ba3Mg1.5,Sc4(PO4)6(OH)3.4H2O, a new very complex Ba-Sc phosphate mineral from the Kovdor phoscorite-carbonatite complex ( Kola Peninsula) Russia.Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 112, pp. 111-121.Russia, Kola Peninsulacarbonatite - Kovdor
DS202203-0339
2021
Krivobichev, S.V.Christy, A.G., Pekov, I.V., Krivobichev, S.V.The distinctive mineralogy of carbonatites.Elements, Vol. 17, pp. 333-338.Mantlemagmatism

Abstract: The mineralogy of carbonatites reflects both the diversity of the sources of their parent magmas and their unusual chemistry. Carbonatites contain diverse suites of both primary magmatic minerals and later hydrothermal products. We present a summary of the variety of minerals found in carbon-atites, and note the economic importance of some of them, particularly those that are major sources of "critical elements", such as Nb and rare earth elements (REEs), which are essential for modern technological applications. Selected mineral groups are then discussed in detail: the REE carbonates, the alkali-rich ephemeral minerals that are rarely preserved but that may be important in the petrogenesis of carbonatites and their metasomatic haloes in adjacent rocks, and the Nb-rich oxides of the pyrochlore supergroup.-
DS201905-1027
2019
Krivobok, V.S.Ekimov, E.A., Kondrin, M.V., Krivobok, V.S., Khomich, A.A., Vlasov, I.I., Khmelnitskiy, R.A.Effect of Si, Ge and Sn dopant elements on structure and photoluminescence of nano- and microdiamonds synthesized from organic compounds.Diamond & Related Materials, Vol. 93, pp. 75-83.Globalluminescence

Abstract: HPHT synthesis of diamonds from hydrocarbons attracts great attention due to the opportunity to obtain luminescent nano- and microcrystals of high structure perfection. Systematic investigation of diamond synthesized from the mixture of hetero-hydrocarbons containing dopant elements Si or Ge (C24H20Si and C24H20Ge) with a pure hydrocarbon - adamantane (C10H16) at 8?GPa was performed. The photoluminescence of SiV? and GeV? centers in produced diamonds was found to be saturated when Si and Ge contents in precursors exceed some threshold values. The presence of SiC or Ge as second phases in diamond samples with saturated luminescence indicates that ultimate concentrations of the dopants were reached in diamond. It is shown that SiC inclusions can be captured by growing crystals and be a source of local stresses up to 2?GPa in diamond matrix. No formation of Ge-related inclusions in diamonds was detected, which makes Ge more promising as a dopant in the synthesis method. Surprisingly, the synthesis of diamonds from the C24H20Sn hetero-hydrocarbon was ineffective for SnV? formation: only fluorescence of N-and Si-related color centers was detected at room temperature. As an example of great potential for the synthesis method, mass synthesis of 50-nm diamonds with GeV? centers was realized at 9.4?GPa. Single GeV? production in individual nanodiamond was demonstrated.
DS201808-1799
2018
Krivocichev, S.V.Zhitova, E.S., Krivocichev, S.V., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Mikhailova, J.A.Crystal chemistry of natural layered double hydroxides: 4. Crystal structures and evolution of structural complexity of quintinite polytypes from the Kovdor alkaline ultrabasic massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia.Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 329-346.Russia, Kola Peninsuladeposit - Kovdor

Abstract: Two quintinite polytypes, 3R and 2T, which are new for the Kovdor alkaline-ultrabasic complex, have been structurally characterized. The crystal structure of quintinite-2T was solved by direct methods and refined to R1 = 0.048 on the basis of 330 unique reflections. The structure is trigonal, P c1, a = 5.2720(6), c = 15.113(3) Å and V = 363.76(8) Å3. The crystal structure consists of [Mg2Al(OH)6]+ brucite-type layers with an ordered distribution of Mg2+ and Al3+ cations according to the × superstructure with the layers stacked according to a hexagonal type. The complete layer stacking sequence can be described as …=Ab1C = Cb1A=…. The crystal structure of quintinite-3R was solved by direct methods and refined to R1 = 0.022 on the basis of 140 unique reflections. It is trigonal, R m, a = 3.063(1), c = 22.674(9) Å and V = 184.2(1) Å3. The crystal structure is based upon double hydroxide layers [M2+,3+(OH)2] with disordered distribution of Mg, Al and Fe and with the layers stacked according to a rhombohedral type. The stacking sequence of layers can be expressed as …=?B = BC = CA=… The study of morphologically different quintinite generations grown on one another detected the following natural sequence of polytype formation: 2H ? 2T ? 1M that can be attributed to a decrease of temperature during crystallization. According to the information-based approach to structural complexity, this sequence corresponds to the increasing structural information per atom (IG): 1.522 ? 1.706 ? 2.440 bits, respectively. As the IG value contributes negatively to the configurational entropy of crystalline solids, the evolution of polytypic modifications during crystallization corresponds to the decreasing configurational entropy. This is in agreement with the general principle that decreasing temperature corresponds to the appearance of more complex structures.
DS200912-0706
2009
Krivolutskaya, N.A.Sobolev, A.V., Krivolutskaya, N.A., Kuzmin, D.V.Petrology of the parental melts and mantle sources of Siberian trap magmatism.Petrology, Vol. 17, 3, May pp. 253-286.RussiaMagmatism - Not specific to diamonds
DS2001-0005
2001
KrivonosAfanasev, V.P., Zinchuk, Pkhilenko, Krivonos, YanyginKarst role in the formation of diamond placers of the Muno Markhinskii interfluve Yakutsk diamond provinceGeol. Ore Depos., Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 234-8.Russia, SiberiaAlluvials, Geomorphology
DS1970-0114
1970
Krivonos, V.F.Krivonos, V.F.Geology of Kimberlite in the Lena RegionIn: Geology, Petrography And Mineralogy of Magmatic Formatio, PP. 16-30.RussiaBlank
DS1970-0115
1970
Krivonos, V.F.Krivonos, V.F., Ilupin, I.P., Savrasov, D.I.New Methods of Estimating the Age of Kimberlites with the Lena Region As Example, Northeast Siberian PlatformIn: Geology, Petrography And Mineralogy of Magmatic Formatio, PP. 67-75.RussiaBlank
DS1970-0329
1971
Krivonos, V.F.Krivonos, V.F., Fedorov, P.T.New Dat a on the Nature of Local Pipe Like Magnetic Anomalies on the Eastern Part of the Anabar Anteclise.Geologii i Geofiziki, No. 6, PP. 96-104.Russia, YakutiaKimberlite, Geophysics
DS1982-0349
1982
Krivonos, V.F.Krivonos, V.F.Characteristics of Distribution of Diamonds in Alluvial Placers of Yakutia Diamond Province.Sovet. Geolog., No. 4, PP. 58-61.RussiaGeotectonics, Structure, Anabar Shield, Histograms
DS1988-0743
1988
Krivonos, V.F.Vuiko, V.L., Kvastnitsa, V.N., Koptil, V.I., Krivonos, V.F.Optical spectra and the color of small diamonds from kimberlites.(Russian)Mineral. Sbornik (L'Vov), (Russian), Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 13-17RussiaDiamond morphology, Microdiamonds
DS1988-0744
1988
Krivonos, V.F.Vuyko, V.I., Kvasnitsa, V.N., Koptil, V.I., Krivonos, V.F.Optical spectra and color of small diamonds from kimberlite.(Russian)Mineral. Sbornik (L'Vov), (Russian), Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 13-17RussiaMicrodiamonds, Diamond morphology -colou
DS1995-1026
1995
Krivonos, V.F.Krivonos, V.F.Petrochemical criterion for the diamondiferousness of kimberlites andlamproites.Proceedings of the Sixth International Kimberlite Conference Almazy Rossii Sakha abstract, p. 26-28.Russia, YakutiaGeochemistry -iron magnesiuM., Deposits
DS1982-0350
1982
Krivoshlyk, I.N.Krivoshlyk, I.N.Autoliths and Some Corollaries of the Hypothesis of Their Genesis from Immiscible Phases.Doklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section., Vol. 252, No. 1, PP. 81-83RussiaKimberlite, Inclusions, Xenoliths, Petrography
DS1983-0379
1983
Krivoshlyk, I.N.Krivoshlyk, I.N., Bobriyevich, A.P.Spherules of Immiscible Carbonatite in KimberliteDoklady Academy of Sciences ACAD. NAUK USSR EARTH SCI. SECTION., Vol. 261, No. 1-6, PP. 121-123.RussiaPetrography
DS1984-0433
1984
Krivoshlyk, I.N.Krivoshlyk, I.N., Bobriyevich, A.P.Typomorphic pecularities of carbonate serpentine paragenesis in kimberliterocks.(Russian)Mineral Sbornik (L'Vov), (Russian), Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 7-11RussiaCarbonate
DS1985-0369
1985
Krivoshlyk, I.N.Krivoshlyk, I.N., Bobrievich, A.P.Secondary (binary) Liquifaction of Kimberlitic Magma.(russian)Doklady Academy of Sciences Akademy Nauk SSSR, (Russian), Vol. 280, No. 6, pp. 1414-1418RussiaPetrology
DS1985-0370
1985
Krivoshlyk, I.N.Krivoshlyk, I.N., Bobrievich, A.P.The Repeated (double) Liquation in Kimberlite MagmaDoklady Academy of Sciences AKAD. NAUK SSSR., Vol. 280, No. 6, PP. 1414-1418.RussiaBlank
DS1985-0371
1985
Krivoshlyk, I.N.Krivoshlyk, I.N., Bobriyevich, A.P.A Possible Mode of Kimberlite Pipe Formation.(russian)Mineral. Sbornik (L'Vov), (Russian), Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 3-7RussiaBlank
DS1986-0465
1986
Krivoshlyk, I.N.Krivoshlyk, I.N., Bobriyevich, A.P.Repeated seperation of kimberlite magma into immiscible meltsDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section, Vol. 280, No. 1-6, pp. 122-125RussiaMagma
DS1987-0377
1987
Krivoshlyk, I.N.Krivoshlyk, I.N., Bobriyevich, A.P.Some conceptson the hydraulic hammer hypothesis inkimberlitepipes.(Russian)Mineral. Sbornik (L'Vov), (Russian), Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 48-54RussiaPetrology, Diatremes
DS201912-2795
2019
Krivovchev, S.V.Krivovichev, S.V., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Panikorovskii, T.L., Savchenko, E.E., Pakhailova, Yu, A., Selivanova, E.A., Kadyrova, G.I., Ivanyuk, G.Yu.,Krivovchev, S.V.Nikmelnikovite: Ca 12 Fe 2+ Fe 3+3 Al3(SiO4) 6(OH)20: a new mineral from the Kovdor Massif ( Kola Peninsula, Russia)Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 488, 2, pp. 1200-1202.Russia, Kola Peninsuladeposit - Kovdor
DS201810-2340
2018
krivovichevkrivovichev, Hazen, R.M. Krivovichev, V.G. Structural and chemical complexity of minerals: correlations and time evolution.European Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 30, 2, pp. 231-236.Mantlegeochemistry

Abstract: Correlations between chemical and structural complexities of minerals were analysed using a total of 4962 datasets on the chemical compositions and 3989 datasets on the crystal structures of minerals. The amounts of structural and chemical Shannon information per atom and per unit cell or formula unit were calculated using the approach proposed by Krivovichev with no Hcorrection for the minerals with unknown H positions. Statistical analysis shows that there are strong and positive correlations (R 2 > 0.95) between the chemical and structural complexities and the number of different chemical elements in a mineral. Analysis of relations between chemical and structural complexities provides strong evidence that there is an overall trend of increasing structural complexity with the increasing chemical complexity. Following Hazen, four groups of minerals were considered that represent four eras of mineral evolution: "ur-minerals", minerals from chondritic meteorites, Hadean minerals, and minerals of the post-Hadean era. The analysis of mean chemical and structural complexities for the four groups demonstrate that both are gradually increasing in the course of mineral evolution. The increasing complexity follows an overall passive trend: more complex minerals form with the passage of geological time, yet the simpler ones are not replaced. The observed correlations between the chemical and structural complexities understood in terms of Shannon information suggest that, at a first approximation, chemical differentiation is a major force driving the increase of complexity of minerals in the course of geological time. New levels of complexity and diversifcation observed in mineral evolution are achieved through the chemical differentiation, which favours local concentrations of particular rare elements and creation of new geochemical environments.
DS201508-0368
2015
Krivovichev, S.Lyalina, L., Zolotarev, A.Jr., Selivanova, E., Savchenko, Ye., Zozulya, D., Krivovichev, S., Mikhailova, Yu.Structural characterization and composition of Y-rich hainite from Sakharojok nepheline syenite pegmatite ( Kola Peninsula, Russia).Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 109, 4, pp. 443-451.Russia, YakutiaNepheline syenite
DS2003-0751
2003
Krivovichev, S.V.Krivovichev, S.V., Armbruster, T., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Pakhomovsky, Y.A.Crystal structure of Lamprophyllite - 2M and Lamprophyllite -2O from the LovozeroEuropean Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 15, 4, pp. 711-18.Russia, Kola PeninsulaAlkaline rocks - mineralogy
DS200412-1056
2003
Krivovichev, S.V.Krivovichev, S.V., Armbruster, T., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Pakhomovsky, Y.A.Crystal structure of Lamprophyllite - 2M and Lamprophyllite -2O from the Lovozero alkaline massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia.European Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 15, 4, pp. 711-18.Russia, Kola PeninsulaAlkaline rocks, mineralogy
DS200612-0908
2006
Krivovichev, S.V.Menishikov, Y.P., Krivovichev, S.V., Pakhomovsky, Yakovenchuk, Ivanyuk, Mikhailova, Armbruster,SelivanovaChivruaiite, Ca(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2 (OH,O)5.13-14H20, a new mineral from hydrothermal veins of Khibiny and Lovozero alkaline massifs.American Mineralogist, Vol. 91, 5-6, May pp. 922-928.Russia, Kola PeninsulaMineralogy - alkaline
DS201012-0414
2010
Krivovichev, S.V.Krivovichev, S.V., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Zhitova, E.S., Zolotarev, A.A., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Ivanyuk, G.Yu.Crystal chemistry of natural layered double hydroxides, 1. Quintinite -2H-3c from the Kovdor alkaline massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia.Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 74, pp. 821-832.Russia, Kola PeninsulaCarbonatite
DS201112-1175
2011
Krivovichev, S.V.Zolotarev, A.A., Krivovichev, S.V., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Zhitova, E.S., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Ivanyuk, G.Y.Crystal chemistry of natural layered double hydroxides from the Kovdor alkaline massif, Kola. Polytypes of quininite: cation ordering and superstructures.Peralk-Carb 2011, workshop held Tubingen Germany June 16-18, PosterRussia, Kola PeninsulaAlkalic
DS201212-0731
2012
Krivovichev, S.V.Titkov, S.V., Krivovichev, S.V., Organova, N.I.Plastic deformation of natural diamonds by twinning: evidence from x-ray diffraction studies.Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 76, 1, pp. 143-149.TechnologyDiamond morphology
DS201412-0307
2014
Krivovichev, S.V.Gordeev, E.I., Karpov, G.A., Anikin, L.P., Krivovichev, S.V., Filatov, S.K., Antonov, A.V., Ovsyannikov, A.A.Diamonds in lavas of the Tolbachik fissure eruption in Kamchatka.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 454, 1, pp. 47-49.RussiaTolbachik fissure
DS201505-0249
2015
Krivovichev, S.V.Belogub, E.V., Krivovichev, S.V., Pekov, I.V., Kuznetsov, A.M., Yapaskurt, V.O., Kitlyarov, V.A., Chukanov, N.V., Belakoviskiy, D.I.Nickelpicromerite, K2Ni(SO4)2*6H2O, a new picromerite group mineral from Slyudorudnik, South Urals, Russia.Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 109, 2, pp. 143-152.Russia, UralsMineralogy

Abstract: A new picromerite-group mineral, nickelpicromerite, K2Ni(SO4)2 - 6H2O (IMA 2012-053), was found at the Vein #169 of the Ufaley quartz deposit, near the town of Slyudorudnik, Kyshtym District, Chelyabinsk area, South Urals, Russia. It is a supergene mineral that occurs, with gypsum and goethite, in the fractures of slightly weathered actinolite-talc schist containing partially vermiculitized biotite and partially altered sulfides: pyrrhotite, pentlandite, millerite, pyrite and marcasite. Nickelpicromerite forms equant to short prismatic or tabular crystals up to 0.07 mm in size and anhedral grains up to 0.5 mm across, their clusters or crusts up to 1 mm. Nickelpicromerite is light greenish blue. Lustre is vitreous. Mohs hardness is 2-2½. Cleavage is distinct, parallel to {10-2}. Dmeas is 2.20(2), Dcalc is 2.22 g cm?3. Nickelpicromerite is optically biaxial (+), ? = 1.486(2), ? = 1.489(2), ? = 1.494(2), 2Vmeas =75(10)°, 2Vcalc =76°. The chemical composition (wt.%, electron-microprobe data) is: K2O 20.93, MgO 0.38, FeO 0.07, NiO 16.76, SO3 37.20, H2O (calc.) 24.66, total 100.00. The empirical formula, calculated based on 14 O, is: K1.93Mg0.04Ni0.98S2.02O8.05(H2O)5.95. Nickelpicromerite is monoclinic, P21/c, a = 6.1310(7), b = 12.1863(14), c = 9.0076(10) Å, ? = 105.045(2)°, V = 649.9(1) Å3, Z = 2. Eight strongest reflections of the powder XRD pattern are [d,Å-I(hkl)]: 5.386--34(110); 4.312-46(002); 4.240-33(120); 4.085--100(012, 10-2); 3.685-85(031), 3.041-45(040, 112), 2.808-31(013, 20-2, 122), 2.368-34(13-3, 21-3, 033). Nickelpicromerite (single-crystal X-ray data, R = 0.028) is isostructural to other picromerite-group minerals and synthetic Tutton’s salts. Its crystal structure consists of [Ni(H2O)6]2+ octahedra linked to (SO4)2? tetrahedra via hydrogen bonds. K+ cations are coordinated by eight anions. Nickelpicromerite is the product of alteration of primary sulfide minerals and the reaction of the acid Ni-sulfate solutions with biotite.
DS201706-1113
2017
Krivovichev, S.V.Zaitsev, A.N., Zhitova, E.S., Spratt, J., Zolotarev, A.A., Krivovichev, S.V.Isolueshite, NaNb03, from the Kovdor carbonatite, Kola Peninsula, Russia: composition, crystal structure and possible formation scenarios.Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Vol. 194, 2, pp. 165-173.Russia, Kola Peninsuladeposit - Kovdor

Abstract: Isolueshite, a cubic complex oxide with the formula NaNbO3, occurs as euhedral crystals 0.4 - 0.7 mm in size in calcite carbonatite, Kovdor ultrabasic-alkaline complex (Kola, Russia). Average composition of isolueshite, based on 40 analyses by wavelength-dispersive electron microprobe is (Na0.84Ca0.07Sr0.01La0.01Ce0.01)?0.95(Nb0.90Ti0.11)?1.01O3. Minor and trace elements are Ti (4.1- 6.8 wt.% TiO2), REEs (1.8 - 4.0 wt.% REE2O3), Ca (1.7- 3.3 wt.% CaO), Zr (0.1- 0.8 wt.% ZrO2), Sr (0.3 - 0.4 wt.% SrO), Th (0.1- 0.5 wt.% ThO2), Fe (0.1- 0.2 wt.% Fe2O3) and Ta (0.1 wt.% Ta2O5). The crystal structure of isolueshite was refined to an agreement index (R1) of 0.028 for 82 unique reflections with |F0| ? 4 ?(F). The mineral is cubic, Pm3-m, a = 3.9045(5) Å and V = 59.525(13) Å3. The diffraction pattern of the crystal contains only regular and strong Bragg reflections with no signs of diffuse scattering. There are two sites in the crystal structure: A is 12-coordinated (A-O = 2.556(3) Å) and located at the corners of the cubic primitive cell and B is situated in the center of the unit-cell and has an octahedral coordination. The crystal-chemical formula based on the structure refinement is (Na0.84(1)Ca0.16(1))(Nb0.88(1)Ti0.12(1))O3. We suggest that isolueshite is a quenched (kinetically favored) polymorph of lueshite that formed as a result of rapid crystallization due to the sudden drop in temperature and/or pressure.
DS201801-0049
2017
Krivovichev, S.V.Popova, E.A., Lushnikov, S.G., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Krivovichev, S.V.The crystal structure of loparite: a new acentric variety.Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 111, pp. 827-832.Russia, Kola Peninsuladeposit - Khibiny

Abstract: The crystal structure of a new structural variety of loparite (Na0.56Ce0.21La0.14Ca0.06Sr0.03Nd0.02Pr0.01)?=1.03(Ti0.83Nb0.15)?=0.98O3 from the Khibiny alkaline massif, Kola peninsula, Russia, was solved by direct methods and refined to R1 = 0.029 for 492 unique observed reflections with I > 2?(I). The mineral is orthorhombic, Ima2, a = 5.5129(2), b = 5.5129(2) and c = 7.7874(5) Å. Similarly to other perovskite-group minerals with the general formula ABO3, the crystal structure of loparite is based upon a three-dimensional framework of distorted corner-sharing BO6. The A cations are coordinated by 12 oxygen atoms and are situated in distorted cuboctahedral cavities. In contrast to the ideal perovskite-type structure (Pm3?m), the unit cell is doubled along the c axis and the a and b axes are rotated in the ab plane at 45o. The BO6 octahedron displays distortion characteristic for the d0 transition metal cations with the out-of-center shift of the B site. The symmetry reduction is also attributable to the distortion of the BO6 octahedra which are tilted and rotated with respect to the c axis. The occurrence of a new acentric variety of loparite can be explained by the pecularities of its chemical composition characterized by the increased content of Ti compared to the previously studied samples.
DS201810-2341
2018
Krivovichev, S.V.Krivovichev, V.G., Charykova, M.V., Krivovichev, S.V.The concept of mineral systems and its application to the study of mineral diversity and evolution.European Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 30, 2, pp. 219-230.Mantlemineralogy

Abstract: The chemical diversity of minerals can be analysed in terms of the concept of mineral systems, defined by the set of chemical elements essential for the definition of a mineral species. Only species-defining elements are considered as essential. According to this approach, all minerals are classified into ten types of mineral systems with the number of essential components ranging from 1 to 10. For all the minerals known today, only 70 chemical elements act as essential species-defining constituents. The number of minerals of different chemical elements are calculated as follows (number of mineral species is given in parentheses): oxygen (4138), hydrogen (2814), silicon (1479), calcium (1182), sulfur (1064), aluminum (989), sodium (953), iron (953), copper (643), arsenic (601), phosphorus (599), and magnesium (576). The distribution of the majority of the species-defining elements among mineral systems submits to a normal distribution. Using the concept of mineral systems, different geological objects can be compared from the viewpoint of their mineral diversity as exemplified by alkaline massifs (Khibiny, Lovozero, Russia, and Mont Saint-Hilaire, Canada), evaporite deposits (Inder, Kazakhstan, and Searles Lake, USA) and fumaroles at active volcanoes (Tolbachik, Kamchatka, Russia, and Vulcano, Sicily, Italy). The concept of mineral systems can be applied to mineral evolution overall by calculating the mean number of elements for the first three stages in the evolution of minerals as proposed by R.M. Hazen and co-authors in 2008, plus a fourth period corresponding to Hazen's stages 4-10, as follows: 2.08?±?0.45 (I: ur-minerals); 2.68?±?0.13 (II: minerals of chondritic meteorites); 3.86?±?0.07 (III: Hadean minerals); 4.50?±?1.47 (IV: post-Hadean minerals).
DS201905-1046
2019
Krivovichev, S.V.Ivanyuk, G.Y., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Panikorovskii, T.L., Konoplyova, N., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Bazai, A.V., Bocharov, V.N., Krivovichev, S.V.Hydroxynatropyrochlore, ( Na, Ca, Ce)2 Nb2O6(OH), a new member of the pyrochlore group from the Kovdor phoscorite-carbonatite pipe, Kola Peninsula, Russia.Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 83, pp. 107-113.Russia, Kola Peninsulacarbonatite

Abstract: Hydroxynatropyrochlore, (Na,?a,Ce)2Nb2O6(OH), is a new Na-Nb-OH-dominant member of the pyrochlore supergroup from the Kovdor phoscorite-carbonatite pipe (Kola Peninsula, Russia). It is cubic, Fd-3m, a = 10.3211(3) Å, V = 1099.46 (8) Å3, Z = 8 (from powder diffraction data) or a = 10.3276(5) Å, V = 1101.5(2) Å3, Z = 8 (from single-crystal diffraction data). Hydroxynatropyrochlore is a characteristic accessory mineral of low-carbonate phoscorite of the contact zone of the phoscorite-carbonatite pipe with host foidolite as well as of carbonate-rich phoscorite and carbonatite of the pipe axial zone. It usually forms zonal cubic or cubooctahedral crystals (up to 0.5 mm in diameter) with irregularly shaped relics of amorphous U-Ta-rich hydroxykenopyrochlore inside. Characteristic associated minerals include rockforming calcite, dolomite, forsterite, hydroxylapatite, magnetite,and phlogopite, accessory baddeleyite, baryte, barytocalcite, chalcopyrite, chamosite-clinochlore, galena, gladiusite, juonniite, ilmenite, magnesite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, quintinite, spinel, strontianite, valleriite, and zirconolite. Hydroxynatropyrochlore is pale-brown, with an adamantine to greasy lustre and a white streak. The cleavage is average on {111}, the fracture is conchoidal. Mohs hardness is about 5. In transmitted light, the mineral is light brown, isotropic, n = 2.10(5) (??= 589 nm). The calculated and measured densities are 4.77 and 4.60(5) g•cm-3, respectively. The mean chemical composition determined by electron microprobe is: F 0.05, Na2O 7.97, CaO 10.38, TiO2 4.71, FeO 0.42, Nb2O5 56.44, Ce2O3 3.56, Ta2O5 4.73, ThO2 5.73, UO2 3.66, total 97.65 wt. %. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of Nb+Ta+Ti = 2 apfu is (Na1.02Ca0.73Ce0.09Th0.09 U0.05Fe2+0.02)?2.00 (Nb1.68Ti0.23Ta0.09)?2.00O6.03(OH1.04F0.01)?1.05. The simplified formula is (Na, Ca,Ce)2Nb2O6(OH). The mineral slowly dissolves in hot HCl. The strongest X-ray powderdiffraction lines [listed as (d in Å)(I)(hkl)] are as follows: 5.96(47)(111), 3.110(30)(311), 2.580(100)(222), 2.368(19)(400), 1.9875(6)(333), 1.8257(25)(440) and 1.5561(14)(622). The crystal structure of hydroxynatropyrochlore was refined to R1 = 0.026 on the basis of 1819 unique observed reflections. The mineral belongs to the pyrochlore structure type A2B2O6Y1 with octahedral framework of corner-sharing BO6 octahedra with A cations and OH groups in the interstices. The Raman spectrum of hydroxynatropyrochlore contains characteristic bands of the lattice, BO6, B-O and O-H vibrations and no characteristic bands of the H2O vibrations. Within the Kovdor phoscorite-carbonatite pipe, hydroxynatropyrochlore is the latest hydrothermal mineral of the pyrochlore supergroup, which forms external rims around grains of earlier U-rich hydroxykenopyrochlore and separated crystals in voids of dolomite carbonatite veins. The mineral is named in accordance with the pyrochlore supergroup nomenclature.
DS201912-2795
2019
Krivovichev, S.V.Krivovichev, S.V., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Panikorovskii, T.L., Savchenko, E.E., Pakhailova, Yu, A., Selivanova, E.A., Kadyrova, G.I., Ivanyuk, G.Yu.,Krivovchev, S.V.Nikmelnikovite: Ca 12 Fe 2+ Fe 3+3 Al3(SiO4) 6(OH)20: a new mineral from the Kovdor Massif ( Kola Peninsula, Russia)Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 488, 2, pp. 1200-1202.Russia, Kola Peninsuladeposit - Kovdor
DS202104-0583
2020
Krivovichev, S.V.Krivovichev, V.G., Charykova, M.V., Krivovichev, S.V.Mineral systems based on the number of species-defining chemical elements in minerals: their diversity, complexity, distribution, and the mineral evolution of the Earth's crust: a review.Geology of Ore Deposits, Vol. 62,8, pp. 704-718. pdfRussia, Canadaalkaline rocks

Abstract: The chemical diversity of minerals can be analyzed in terms of the concept of mineral systems based on the set of chemical elements that are essential for defining a mineral species. Only species-defining elements are considered to be essential. According to this approach, all minerals are classified into ten types of mineral systems with the number of essential components ranging from 1 to 10. For all known minerals, only 70 chemical elements act as essential species-defining constituents. Using this concept of mineral systems, various geological objects may be compared from the viewpoint of their mineral diversity: for example, alkali massifs (Khibiny and Lovozero in Russia; Mont Saint Hilaire in Canada), evaporite deposits (Inder in Kazakhstan and Searles Lake in the United States), fumaroles of active volcanoes (Tolbachik in Kamchatka and Vulcano in Sicily, Italy), and hydrothermal deposits (Otto Mountain in the United States and El Dragon in Bolivia). Correlations between chemical and structural complexities of the minerals were analyzed using a total of 5240 datasets on their chemical compositions and 3989 datasets on their crystal structures. The statistical analysis yields strong and positive correlations (R2 > 0.95) between chemical and structural complexities and the number of different chemical elements in a mineral. The analysis of relationships between chemical and structural complexities provides strong evidence for the overall trend of a greater structural complexity at a higher chemical complexity. Following R. Hazen, four groups of minerals representing four mineral evolution stages have been considered: (I) “Ur-minerals,” (II) minerals from chondrite meteorites, (III) Hadean minerals, and (IV) contemporary minerals. According to the obtained data, the number of species-defining elements in minerals and their average contents increase regularly and significantly from stage I to stage IV. The analyzed average chemical and structural complexities in these four groups demonstrate that both are gradually increasing in the course of mineral evolution. The increasing complexity follows an overall trend: the more complex minerals were formed in the course of geological time, without replacing the simpler ones. The observed correlations between chemical and structural complexities understood in terms of the Shannon information suggest that chemical differentiation is the major force that drives the increase of mineral complexity over the course of geological time.
DS202105-0772
2021
Krivovichev, S.V.Krivovichev, V.G., Charykova, M.V., Krivovichev, S.V.Mineral systems based on the number of species-defining chemical elements in minerals: their diversity, complexity, distribution, and the mineral evolution of the Earth's crust: a review. Mentions Khibiny, Lovozero, Mount St. HilaireGeology of Ore Deposits, Vol. 62, 8, pp. 704-718. pdfRussia, Canada, QuebecMineralogy

Abstract: The chemical diversity of minerals can be analyzed in terms of the concept of mineral systems based on the set of chemical elements that are essential for defining a mineral species. Only species-defining elements are considered to be essential. According to this approach, all minerals are classified into ten types of mineral systems with the number of essential components ranging from 1 to 10. For all known minerals, only 70 chemical elements act as essential species-defining constituents. Using this concept of mineral systems, various geological objects may be compared from the viewpoint of their mineral diversity: for example, alkali massifs (Khibiny and Lovozero in Russia; Mont Saint Hilaire in Canada), evaporite deposits (Inder in Kazakhstan and Searles Lake in the United States), fumaroles of active volcanoes (Tolbachik in Kamchatka and Vulcano in Sicily, Italy), and hydrothermal deposits (Otto Mountain in the United States and El Dragon in Bolivia). Correlations between chemical and structural complexities of the minerals were analyzed using a total of 5240 datasets on their chemical compositions and 3989 datasets on their crystal structures. The statistical analysis yields strong and positive correlations (R2 > 0.95) between chemical and structural complexities and the number of different chemical elements in a mineral. The analysis of relationships between chemical and structural complexities provides strong evidence for the overall trend of a greater structural complexity at a higher chemical complexity. Following R. Hazen, four groups of minerals representing four mineral evolution stages have been considered: (I) “Ur-minerals,” (II) minerals from chondrite meteorites, (III) Hadean minerals, and (IV) contemporary minerals. According to the obtained data, the number of species-defining elements in minerals and their average contents increase regularly and significantly from stage I to stage IV. The analyzed average chemical and structural complexities in these four groups demonstrate that both are gradually increasing in the course of mineral evolution. The increasing complexity follows an overall trend: the more complex minerals were formed in the course of geological time, without replacing the simpler ones. The observed correlations between chemical and structural complexities understood in terms of the Shannon information suggest that chemical differentiation is the major force that drives the increase of mineral complexity over the course of geological time.
DS202110-1632
2021
Krivovichev, S.V.Panikorovskii, T.L., Mikhailova, J.A., Pakhomovsky, y.A., Bazai, A.V., Aksenov, S.M., Kalashnikov, A.O., Krivovichev, S.V.Zr-rich eudialyte from the Lovozero peralkaline massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia.Minerals MDPI, Vol. 11, 982. 18p pdfRussia, Kola Peninsuladeposit - Lovozero

Abstract: The Lovozero peralkaline massif (Kola Peninsula, Russia) has several deposits of Zr, Nb, Ta and rare earth elements (REE) associated with eudialyte-group minerals (EGM). Eudialyte from the Alluaiv Mt. often forms zonal grains with central parts enriched in Zr (more than 3 apfu) and marginal zones enriched in REEs. The detailed study of the chemical composition (294 microprobe analyses) of EGMs from the drill cores of the Mt. Alluaiv-Mt. Kedykvyrpakhk deposits reveal more than 70% Zr-enriched samples. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed separately for the Zr-rich (4.17 Zr apfu) core and the REE-rich (0.54 REE apfu) marginal zone. It was found that extra Zr incorporates into the octahedral M1A site, where it replaces Ca, leading to the symmetry lowering from R3¯m to R32. We demonstrated that the incorporation of extra Zr into EGMs makes the calculation of the eudialyte formula on the basis of Si + Al + Zr + Ti + Hf + Nb + Ta + W = 29 apfu inappropriate.
DS201810-2341
2018
Krivovichev, V.G.Krivovichev, V.G., Charykova, M.V., Krivovichev, S.V.The concept of mineral systems and its application to the study of mineral diversity and evolution.European Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 30, 2, pp. 219-230.Mantlemineralogy

Abstract: The chemical diversity of minerals can be analysed in terms of the concept of mineral systems, defined by the set of chemical elements essential for the definition of a mineral species. Only species-defining elements are considered as essential. According to this approach, all minerals are classified into ten types of mineral systems with the number of essential components ranging from 1 to 10. For all the minerals known today, only 70 chemical elements act as essential species-defining constituents. The number of minerals of different chemical elements are calculated as follows (number of mineral species is given in parentheses): oxygen (4138), hydrogen (2814), silicon (1479), calcium (1182), sulfur (1064), aluminum (989), sodium (953), iron (953), copper (643), arsenic (601), phosphorus (599), and magnesium (576). The distribution of the majority of the species-defining elements among mineral systems submits to a normal distribution. Using the concept of mineral systems, different geological objects can be compared from the viewpoint of their mineral diversity as exemplified by alkaline massifs (Khibiny, Lovozero, Russia, and Mont Saint-Hilaire, Canada), evaporite deposits (Inder, Kazakhstan, and Searles Lake, USA) and fumaroles at active volcanoes (Tolbachik, Kamchatka, Russia, and Vulcano, Sicily, Italy). The concept of mineral systems can be applied to mineral evolution overall by calculating the mean number of elements for the first three stages in the evolution of minerals as proposed by R.M. Hazen and co-authors in 2008, plus a fourth period corresponding to Hazen's stages 4-10, as follows: 2.08?±?0.45 (I: ur-minerals); 2.68?±?0.13 (II: minerals of chondritic meteorites); 3.86?±?0.07 (III: Hadean minerals); 4.50?±?1.47 (IV: post-Hadean minerals).
DS202104-0583
2020
Krivovichev, V.G.Krivovichev, V.G., Charykova, M.V., Krivovichev, S.V.Mineral systems based on the number of species-defining chemical elements in minerals: their diversity, complexity, distribution, and the mineral evolution of the Earth's crust: a review.Geology of Ore Deposits, Vol. 62,8, pp. 704-718. pdfRussia, Canadaalkaline rocks

Abstract: The chemical diversity of minerals can be analyzed in terms of the concept of mineral systems based on the set of chemical elements that are essential for defining a mineral species. Only species-defining elements are considered to be essential. According to this approach, all minerals are classified into ten types of mineral systems with the number of essential components ranging from 1 to 10. For all known minerals, only 70 chemical elements act as essential species-defining constituents. Using this concept of mineral systems, various geological objects may be compared from the viewpoint of their mineral diversity: for example, alkali massifs (Khibiny and Lovozero in Russia; Mont Saint Hilaire in Canada), evaporite deposits (Inder in Kazakhstan and Searles Lake in the United States), fumaroles of active volcanoes (Tolbachik in Kamchatka and Vulcano in Sicily, Italy), and hydrothermal deposits (Otto Mountain in the United States and El Dragon in Bolivia). Correlations between chemical and structural complexities of the minerals were analyzed using a total of 5240 datasets on their chemical compositions and 3989 datasets on their crystal structures. The statistical analysis yields strong and positive correlations (R2 > 0.95) between chemical and structural complexities and the number of different chemical elements in a mineral. The analysis of relationships between chemical and structural complexities provides strong evidence for the overall trend of a greater structural complexity at a higher chemical complexity. Following R. Hazen, four groups of minerals representing four mineral evolution stages have been considered: (I) “Ur-minerals,” (II) minerals from chondrite meteorites, (III) Hadean minerals, and (IV) contemporary minerals. According to the obtained data, the number of species-defining elements in minerals and their average contents increase regularly and significantly from stage I to stage IV. The analyzed average chemical and structural complexities in these four groups demonstrate that both are gradually increasing in the course of mineral evolution. The increasing complexity follows an overall trend: the more complex minerals were formed in the course of geological time, without replacing the simpler ones. The observed correlations between chemical and structural complexities understood in terms of the Shannon information suggest that chemical differentiation is the major force that drives the increase of mineral complexity over the course of geological time.
DS202105-0772
2021
Krivovichev, V.G.Krivovichev, V.G., Charykova, M.V., Krivovichev, S.V.Mineral systems based on the number of species-defining chemical elements in minerals: their diversity, complexity, distribution, and the mineral evolution of the Earth's crust: a review. Mentions Khibiny, Lovozero, Mount St. HilaireGeology of Ore Deposits, Vol. 62, 8, pp. 704-718. pdfRussia, Canada, QuebecMineralogy

Abstract: The chemical diversity of minerals can be analyzed in terms of the concept of mineral systems based on the set of chemical elements that are essential for defining a mineral species. Only species-defining elements are considered to be essential. According to this approach, all minerals are classified into ten types of mineral systems with the number of essential components ranging from 1 to 10. For all known minerals, only 70 chemical elements act as essential species-defining constituents. Using this concept of mineral systems, various geological objects may be compared from the viewpoint of their mineral diversity: for example, alkali massifs (Khibiny and Lovozero in Russia; Mont Saint Hilaire in Canada), evaporite deposits (Inder in Kazakhstan and Searles Lake in the United States), fumaroles of active volcanoes (Tolbachik in Kamchatka and Vulcano in Sicily, Italy), and hydrothermal deposits (Otto Mountain in the United States and El Dragon in Bolivia). Correlations between chemical and structural complexities of the minerals were analyzed using a total of 5240 datasets on their chemical compositions and 3989 datasets on their crystal structures. The statistical analysis yields strong and positive correlations (R2 > 0.95) between chemical and structural complexities and the number of different chemical elements in a mineral. The analysis of relationships between chemical and structural complexities provides strong evidence for the overall trend of a greater structural complexity at a higher chemical complexity. Following R. Hazen, four groups of minerals representing four mineral evolution stages have been considered: (I) “Ur-minerals,” (II) minerals from chondrite meteorites, (III) Hadean minerals, and (IV) contemporary minerals. According to the obtained data, the number of species-defining elements in minerals and their average contents increase regularly and significantly from stage I to stage IV. The analyzed average chemical and structural complexities in these four groups demonstrate that both are gradually increasing in the course of mineral evolution. The increasing complexity follows an overall trend: the more complex minerals were formed in the course of geological time, without replacing the simpler ones. The observed correlations between chemical and structural complexities understood in terms of the Shannon information suggest that chemical differentiation is the major force that drives the increase of mineral complexity over the course of geological time.
DS1993-0855
1993
Krjuchkov, A.I.Krjuchkov, A.I., Sarlthev, I.K.Some aspects of the evaluation of covered Yakutian diamond depositsDiamonds of Yakutia, pp. 113-114.Russia, YakutiaEvaluation
DS201012-0421
2010
Krmicek, L.Kynicky, J., Chakhmouradian, A.R., Cheng, Xu, Krmicek, L., Krmickova, M., Davis, B.Evolution of rare earth mineralization in carbonatites of the Lugiin Gol complex southern Mongolia.International Mineralogical Association meeting August Budapest, abstract p. 573.Asia, MongoliaCarbonatite
DS201112-0554
2011
Krmicek, L.Krmicek, L.The lamprophyre problem: return to the roots.Goldschmidt Conference 2011, abstract p.1241.Europe, BohemiaMinette
DS201609-1727
2016
Krmicek, L.Krmicek, L., Romer, R.L.,Ulrych, J., Glodny, J., Prelevic, D.Petrogenesis of orogenic lamproites of the Bohemian Massif: Sr-Nd-Pb-Li isotope constraints for Variscan enrichment of ultra-depleted mantle domains.Gondwana Research, Vol. 35, pp. 198-216.EuropeLamproite

Abstract: During convergence of Gondwana-derived microplates and Laurussia in the Palaeozoic, subduction of oceanic and continental crusts and their sedimentary cover introduced material of regionally contrasting chemical and isotopic compositions into the mantle. This slab material metasomatised the local mantle, producing a highly heterogeneous lithospheric mantle beneath the European Variscides. The eastern termination of the European Variscides (Moldanubian and Saxo-Thuringian zones of Austria, Czech Republic, Germany and Poland) is unusual in that the mantle was modified by material from several subduction zones within a small area. Orogenic lamproites sampled this lithospheric mantle, which has a chemical signature reflecting extreme depletion (low CaO and Al2O3 contents and high Mg-number) followed by strong metasomatic enrichment, giving rise to crust-like trace element patterns, variable radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr(330) (0.7062-0.7127) and non-radiogenic Nd isotopic compositions (?Nd(330) = ? 2.8 to ? 7.8), crustal Pb isotopic compositions, and a wide range of ?7Li values (? 5.1 to + 5.1). This metasomatic signature is variably expressed in the lamproites, depending on the extent of melting and the nature of the source of the metasomatic component. Preferential melting of the metasomatically enriched (veined) lithospheric mantle with K-rich amphibole resulted in lamproitic melts with very negative, crust-like ?7Li values, which correlate positively with peralkalinity, HFSE contents and lower ?Nd. Both the higher degree of melting and progressive consumption of the metasomatic component reduce the chemical and isotopic imprints of the metasomatic end member. The very positive ?7Li values of some lamproites indicate that the source of these lamproites may have been modified by subducted oceanic lithosphere. Fresh olivine from the Brloh (Moldanubian) lamproitic dyke shows very high Fo (up to 94%) and very high Li contents (up to 25 ppm), demonstrating that the extremely depleted and later enriched lithospheric mantle may have contributed significantly to the Li budget of the lamproites. The regional distribution of lamproites with contrasting chemical and isotopic fingerprints mimics the distribution of the different Variscan subduction zones.
DS201910-2276
2019
Krmicek, L.Krmicek, L., Ackerman, L., Hruby, J., Kynicky, J.The highly siderophile elements and Re Os isotope geochemistry of Variscan lamproites from the Bohemian Massif: implications for regionally dependent metasomatism of orogenic mantle.Chemical Geology, doi: 10.1016/ j.chemgeo .2019.119290 46p. PdfEurope, Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Austrialamproites

Abstract: Orogenic lamproites represent a group of peralkaline, ultrapotassic and perpotassic mantle-derived igneous rocks that hold the potential to sample components with extreme compositions from highly heterogeneous orogenic mantle. In our pilot study, we present highly siderophile element (HSE) and ReOs isotope systematics of Variscan orogenic lamproites sampled in the territories of the Czech Republic, Austria and Poland, i.e., from the termination of the Moldanubian and Saxo-Thuringian zones of the Bohemian Massif. Orogenic lamproites of the Bohemian Massif are distinguished by variably high contents of SiO2, high Mg# and predominant mineral associations of K-rich amphibole and Fe-rich microcline. The HSE show (i) consistently very low contents in all investigated orogenic lamproites compared to the estimated concentrations in majority of mid-ocean ridge basalts, hotspot-related volcanic rocks (e.g., ocean island basalts, continental flood basalts, komatiites, some intraplate alkaline volcanic rocks such as kimberlites and anorogenic lamproites) and arc lavas, and (ii) marked differences in relative and absolute HSE abundances between the samples from the Moldanubian and Saxo-Thuringian Zone. Such a regional dependence in HSE from mantle-derived melts is exceptional. Orogenic lamproites have highly variable and high initial suprachondritic 187Os/188Os values (up to 0.631) compared with rather chondritic to subchondritic Os isotope values of the young lithospheric mantle below the Bohemian Massif. The highly radiogenic Os isotope component in orogenic lamproites may be derived from preferential melting of metasomatised vein assemblages sitting in depleted peridotite mantle. This process appears to be valid generally in the petrogenesis of orogenic lamproites both from the Bohemian Massif and from the Mediterranean area. As a specific feature of the orogenic lamproites from the Bohemian Massif, originally ultra-depleted mantle component correlative with remnants of the Rheic Ocean lithosphere in the Moldanubian Zone was metasomatised by a mixture of evolved and juvenile material, whereas the lithospheric mantle in the Saxo-Thuringian Zone was enriched through the subduction of evolved crustal material with highly radiogenic Sr isotope signature. As a result, this led to observed unique regionally dependent coupled HSE, RbSr and ReOs isotope systematics.
DS201911-2538
2019
Krmicek, L.Krmicek, L., Ackerman, L.Regionally dependent metasomatism of orogenic mantle revealed by highly siderophile elements and Re-Os isotope geochemistry of Variscan lamproites: a pilot study from the Bohemian Massif.Geologica Carpathica *** In Eng, Vol. 70, pp. 9-11.Europelamproite

Abstract: Orogenic (high-silica) lamproites represent a group of post-collisional mantle-derived igneous rocks that hold the potential to sample components with extreme compositions from highly heterogeneous mantle. In our pilot study, we explore highly siderophile element (HSE) and Re-Os isotope systematics of Variscan orogenic lamproites sampled from the termination of the Moldanubian and Saxo-Thuringian zones of the Bohemian Massif. Orogenic lamproites of the Bohemian Massif are distinguished by variably high contents of SiO2, high Mg# and predominant mineral associations of K-rich amphibole and Fe-rich microcline. The HSE show (i) consistently very low contents in all investigated orogenic lamproites compared to the estimated concentrations in majority of mid- ocean ridge basalts, hotspot-related volcanic rocks and arc lavas, and (ii) marked differences in relative and absolute HSE abundances between the samples from the Moldanubian and Saxo-Thuringian Zone. Such a regional dependence in HSE from mantle-derived melts is exceptional. Orogenic lamproites have highly variable and high initial suprachondritic 187Os/188Os values (up to 0.631) compared with rather chondritic to subchondritic Os isotope values of the young lithospheric mantle below the Bohemian Massif. The highly radiogenic Os isotope component in orogenic lamproites may be derived from preferential melting of metasomatised vein assemblages sitting in depleted peridotite mantle. This process appears to be valid generally in the petrogenesis of orogenic lamproites both from the Bohemian Massif (Variscan lamproites) and from the Mediterranean area (Alpine lamproites). As a specific feature of the orogenic lamproites from the Bohemian Massif, originally ultra-depleted mantle component correlative with remnants of the Rheic Ocean lithosphere in the Moldanubian Zone was metasomatised by a mixture of evolved and juvenile material, whereas the lithospheric mantle in the Saxo-Thuringian Zone was enriched through the subduction of evolved crustal material with highly radiogenic Sr isotope signature. As a result, this led to observed unique regionally dependent coupled HSE, Rb-Sr and Re-Os isotope systematics.
DS201912-2796
2019
Krmicek, L.Krmickova, S., Krmicek, L., Romer, R.L., Ulrych, J.Lead isotope evolution of the Central European upper mantle: constraints from the Bohemian Massif.Geoscience Frontiers, 10.1016/j.gsf.2019.09.009 Europegeochronology

Abstract: The Pb isotope composition of the upper mantle beneath Central Europe is heterogeneous due to the subduction of regionally contrasting material during the Variscan and Alpine orogenies. Late Variscan to Cenozoic mantle-derived melts allow mapping this heterogeneity on a regional scale for the last ca. 340 Myr. Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic anorogenic magmatic rocks of the Bohemian Massif (lamprophyres, volcanic rocks of basanite/tephrite and trachyte/phonolite series) concentrate mostly in the Eger Rift. Cretaceous ultramafic lamprophyres yielded the most radiogenic Pb isotope signatures reflecting a maximum contribution from metasomatised lithospheric mantle, whereas Tertiary alkaline lamprophyres originated from mantle with less radiogenic 206Pb/204Pb ratios suggesting a more substantial modification of lithospheric source by interaction with asthenospheric-derived melts. Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the basanite/tephrite and trachyte/phonolite series define a linear mixing trend between these components, indicating dilution of the initial lithospheric mantle signature by upwelling asthenosphere during rifting. The Pb isotope composition of Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic magmatic rocks of the Bohemian Massif follows the same Pb growth curve as Variscan orogenic lamprophyres and lamproites that formed during the collision between Laurussia, Gondwana, and associated terranes. This implies that the crustal Pb signature in the post-Variscan mantle is repeatedly sampled by younger anorogenic melts. Most Cenozoic mantle-derived rocks of Central Europe show similar Pb isotope ranges as the Bohemian Massif.
DS202003-0346
2020
Krmicek, L.Krmicek, L., Ackerman, L., Hruby, J., Kynicky, J.The highly siderophile elements and Re-Os isotope geochemistry of Variscan lamproites from the Bohemian Massif: implications for regionally dependent metasomatism of orogenic mantle.Chemical Geology, Vol. 532, 11p. Available pdfEurope, Czech republic, Austria, Polandlamproites

Abstract: Orogenic lamproites represent a group of peralkaline, ultrapotassic and perpotassic mantle-derived igneous rocks that hold the potential to sample components with extreme compositions from highly heterogeneous orogenic mantle. In our pilot study, we present highly siderophile element (HSE) and ReOs isotope systematics of Variscan orogenic lamproites sampled in the territories of the Czech Republic, Austria and Poland, i.e., from the termination of the Moldanubian and Saxo-Thuringian zones of the Bohemian Massif. Orogenic lamproites of the Bohemian Massif are distinguished by variably high contents of SiO2, high Mg# and predominant mineral associations of K-rich amphibole and Fe-rich microcline. The HSE show (i) consistently very low contents in all investigated orogenic lamproites compared to the estimated concentrations in majority of mid-ocean ridge basalts, hotspot-related volcanic rocks (e.g., ocean island basalts, continental flood basalts, komatiites, some intraplate alkaline volcanic rocks such as kimberlites and anorogenic lamproites) and arc lavas, and (ii) marked differences in relative and absolute HSE abundances between the samples from the Moldanubian and Saxo-Thuringian Zone. Such a regional dependence in HSE from mantle-derived melts is exceptional. Orogenic lamproites have highly variable and high initial suprachondritic 187Os/188Os values (up to 0.631) compared with rather chondritic to subchondritic Os isotope values of the young lithospheric mantle below the Bohemian Massif. The highly radiogenic Os isotope component in orogenic lamproites may be derived from preferential melting of metasomatised vein assemblages sitting in depleted peridotite mantle. This process appears to be valid generally in the petrogenesis of orogenic lamproites both from the Bohemian Massif and from the Mediterranean area. As a specific feature of the orogenic lamproites from the Bohemian Massif, originally ultra-depleted mantle component correlative with remnants of the Rheic Ocean lithosphere in the Moldanubian Zone was metasomatised by a mixture of evolved and juvenile material, whereas the lithospheric mantle in the Saxo-Thuringian Zone was enriched through the subduction of evolved crustal material with highly radiogenic Sr isotope signature. As a result, this led to observed unique regionally dependent coupled HSE, RbSr and ReOs isotope systematics.
DS202009-1637
2020
Krmicek, L.Krmicek, L., Romer, R.L., Cempirek, J., Gadas, P., Krmickova, S., Glodny, J.Petrographic and Sr-Nd-Pb-Li isotope characteristics of a complex lamproite intrusion from the Saxo-Thuringian zone: a unique example of peralkaline mantle-derived melt differentiation.Lithos, Vol. 374-375, 15p. PdfEurope, Bohemian Massiflamproites

Abstract: Variscan orogenic lamproites in the Bohemian Massif predominantly occur as 1 to 2?m wide and petrographically uniform dykes along the eastern borders of the Moldanubian and Saxo-Thuringian zones. Variscan orogenic lamproites were derived by preferential melting of subduction-related olivine-free metasomatic vein assemblages stabilised in the lithospheric mantle. These lamproitic melts may subsequently undergo extensive differentiation. In this study, we present the first combined petrographic and Sr-Nd-Pb-Li isotope characteristics of a complex lamproite exposed at ca 100?m long profile near Horní Rokytnice (Czech Republic) in the Saxo-Thuringian Zone. This lamproite is characterised by the primary mineral assemblage of K-amphibole + K-feldspar ± aegirine and quartz that petrographically varies from relatively primitive (fine-grained, mafic) to more differentiated (medium- to coarse-grained, felsic) pegmatitic lamproite domains. These domains may represent the product of crystallisation of immiscible liquids that had separated from the mafic melt. The primitive lamproite zone is characterised by the typomorphic minerals - baotite, benitoite, and henrymeyerite. The more differentiated pegmatitic domains are free of aegirine and show replacement of primary red-luminescent (Fe3+-rich) K-feldspar by blue-luminescent (Fe-poor) K-feldspar. Residual fluids rich in Ca, Ti, and HFSE in combination with the decreasing peralkalinity of the lamproite system resulted in the local formation of secondary zircon, titanite and quartz at the expense of the primary Ti-Ba-Zr-K lamproitic mineral assemblages. Lamproites from the Moldanubian and Saxo-Thuringian zones fall on separate mixing trends in the 87Sr/86Sr(t) - ?Nd(t) diagram, which indicates that the mantle beneath these two zones had been metasomatised by different crustal material. The scatter in the peralkalinity index vs. ?7Li diagram indicates that the Li isotope composition is not controlled by mixing of two end members metasome and ambient depleted mantle alone, but may also be affected by late-stage magmatic and hydrothermal processes. The compositionally zoned Horní Rokytnice dyke is special as the petrographically different types show a variation of about 4 ?-units in ?7Li due to dyke-internal processes, such as fractionation, which increases ?7Li in late-stage lamproitic melts, and post-emplacement interaction with fluids that reduced ?7Li in samples that have lost Li. Post-emplacement alteration also led to the disturbance in the Pb isotope systematics of the differentiated orogenic lamproite as indicated by variable over-correction of in situ radiogenic Pb ingrowth.
DS202101-0021
2020
Krmicek, L.Krmicek, L., Romer, R.L., Timmerman, M.J., Ultych, J., Glodny, J.Long lasting ( 65Ma) regionally contrasting Late-to Post-orogenic variscan mantle-derived potassic magmatism in the Bohemian Massif.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 61, 7, doi.org/10.1093 /petrology/egaa072Europemagmatism

Abstract: The orogenic development after the continental collision between Laurussia and Gondwana, led to two contrasting associations of mantle-derived magmatic rocks on the territory of the Bohemian Massif: (i) a 340-310?Ma lamprophyre-lamproite orogenic association; and (ii) a 300-275?Ma lamprophyre association of anorogenic affinity. Major types of potassic mantle-derived magmatic rocks recognized in the orogenic and anorogenic associations include: (i) calc-alkaline to alkaline lamprophyres; (ii) alkaline ‘orthopyroxene minettes’ and geochemically related rocks grouped here under the new term lampyrite; and (iii) peralkaline lamproites. These three types significantly differ with respect to mineral, whole-rock and Sr-Nd-Pb-Li isotope composition and spatial distribution. The calc-alkaline lamprophyres occur throughout the entire Saxo-Thuringian and Moldanubian zones, whereas the different types of malte-derived potassic rocks are spatially restricted to particular zones. Rocks of the Carboniferous lamprophyre-lamproite orogenic association are characterized by variable negative ?Nd(i) and variably radiogenic Sr(i), whereas the rocks of the Permian lamprophyre association of anorogenic affinity are characterized by positive ?Nd(i) and relatively young depleted-mantle Nd-model ages reflecting increasing input from upwelling asthenospheric mantle. The small variation in the Pb isotopic composition of post-collisional potassic mantle-derived magmatic rocks (of both the orogenic and anorogenic series) implies that the Pb budget of the mantle beneath the Bohemian Massif is dominated by the same crust-derived material, which itself may include material derived from several sources. The source rocks of ‘orthopyroxene minettes’ are characterized by isotopically light (‘eclogitic’) Li and strongly radiogenic (crustal) Sr and may have been metasomatized by high-pressure fluids along the edge of a subduction zone. In contrast, the strongly Al2O3 and CaO depleted mantle source of the lamproites is characterized by isotopically heavy Li and high SiO2 and extreme K2O contents. This mantle source may have been metasomatized predominantly by melts. The mantle source of the lamprophyres may have undergone metasomatism by both fluids and melts.
DS202108-1294
2021
Krmicek, L.Krmicek, L., Magna, T., Chalapathi Rao, Pandey, A.Lithium isotopes in kimberlites, lamproites and lamprophyres as tracers of source components and processes related to supercontinent cycles.Geological Society of London Special Publications, doi:10.1144/SP513-2021-60geodynamics

Abstract: Our pilot study reveals potential fingerprints of Li isotopes recorded in the Mesoproterozoic (?1.4-1.1 Ga) kimberlites, lamproites and lamprophyres from the Eastern Dharwar Craton and Paleocene (62 Ma) orangeite from the Bastar Craton in India. The new data are interpreted in the context of available Li isotope composition of lamproitic to lamprophyric rocks occurring in Variscan (Bohemian Massif) and Alpine-Himalayan (SW Tibet) orogenic belts formed in response to Gondwana-Pangea amalgamation and break-up. As a result of supercontinents development, kimberlites from the Eastern Dharwar Craton and ‘orangeite’ from the Bastar Craton show clear presence of a component with a heavy Li isotope signature (?7Li up to 9.7‰) similar to an ancient altered oceanic crust, whereas the Eastern Dharwar Craton lamproites (2.3-6.3‰) and lamprophyres (3.3-6.7‰) show Li isotope signatures indicative of a dominant contribution from heterogeneous lithospheric mantle. Variscan lamprophyric to lamproitic rocks and post-collisional mantle-derived (ultra)potassic volcanic rocks from SW Tibet, i.e., rocks from the orogenic belts outside the cratonic areas, are characterized by a clear Li isotope shift towards isotopically lighter component (?7Li as low as -9.5‰) comparable with the involvement of an evolved continental crust and high-pressure metamorphic rocks in their orogenic mantle source. Such components with isotopically light Li are strikingly missing in the source of cratonic kimberlites, lamproites and lamprophyres.
DS202202-0202
2022
Krmicek, L.Krmicek, L., Chalapathi Rao, N.V.Lamprophyres, lamproites and related rocks: tracers to supercontinent cycles and metallogenesis.Geological Society of London Special Publication 513, pp. 1-16.Globallamproites

Abstract: Proterozoic to Cenozoic lamprophyres, lamproites and related rock types hold a unique potential for the investigation of processes affecting mantle reservoirs. They originated from primary mantle-derived melts that intruded both cratons and off-craton regions, which were parts of former supercontinents - Columbia, Rodinia and Gondwana-Pangaea. Well known for hosting economic minerals and elements such as diamonds, base metals, platinum-group elements and Au, they are also significant for our understanding of deep-mantle processes, such as mantle metasomatism and mantle plume-lithosphere interactions, as well as large-scale geodynamic processes, including subduction-related tectonics and supercontinent amalgamation and break-up. This Special Publication presents an overview of the state of the art and recent advances as achieved by individual research groups from different parts of the world, and outlines future research directions. Mineralogical, geochemical, geochronological and isotope analyses are used to decipher the complex petrogenetic and metallogenetic evolution of these extraordinary rocks and unravel a complete history of tectonic events related to individual supercontinent cycles. The Special Publication including this introductory chapter also deals with some issues related to the classification of these rocks.
DS201012-0421
2010
Krmickova, M.Kynicky, J., Chakhmouradian, A.R., Cheng, Xu, Krmicek, L., Krmickova, M., Davis, B.Evolution of rare earth mineralization in carbonatites of the Lugiin Gol complex southern Mongolia.International Mineralogical Association meeting August Budapest, abstract p. 573.Asia, MongoliaCarbonatite
DS201912-2796
2019
Krmickova, S.Krmickova, S., Krmicek, L., Romer, R.L., Ulrych, J.Lead isotope evolution of the Central European upper mantle: constraints from the Bohemian Massif.Geoscience Frontiers, 10.1016/j.gsf.2019.09.009 Europegeochronology

Abstract: The Pb isotope composition of the upper mantle beneath Central Europe is heterogeneous due to the subduction of regionally contrasting material during the Variscan and Alpine orogenies. Late Variscan to Cenozoic mantle-derived melts allow mapping this heterogeneity on a regional scale for the last ca. 340 Myr. Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic anorogenic magmatic rocks of the Bohemian Massif (lamprophyres, volcanic rocks of basanite/tephrite and trachyte/phonolite series) concentrate mostly in the Eger Rift. Cretaceous ultramafic lamprophyres yielded the most radiogenic Pb isotope signatures reflecting a maximum contribution from metasomatised lithospheric mantle, whereas Tertiary alkaline lamprophyres originated from mantle with less radiogenic 206Pb/204Pb ratios suggesting a more substantial modification of lithospheric source by interaction with asthenospheric-derived melts. Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the basanite/tephrite and trachyte/phonolite series define a linear mixing trend between these components, indicating dilution of the initial lithospheric mantle signature by upwelling asthenosphere during rifting. The Pb isotope composition of Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic magmatic rocks of the Bohemian Massif follows the same Pb growth curve as Variscan orogenic lamprophyres and lamproites that formed during the collision between Laurussia, Gondwana, and associated terranes. This implies that the crustal Pb signature in the post-Variscan mantle is repeatedly sampled by younger anorogenic melts. Most Cenozoic mantle-derived rocks of Central Europe show similar Pb isotope ranges as the Bohemian Massif.
DS202009-1637
2020
Krmickova, S.Krmicek, L., Romer, R.L., Cempirek, J., Gadas, P., Krmickova, S., Glodny, J.Petrographic and Sr-Nd-Pb-Li isotope characteristics of a complex lamproite intrusion from the Saxo-Thuringian zone: a unique example of peralkaline mantle-derived melt differentiation.Lithos, Vol. 374-375, 15p. PdfEurope, Bohemian Massiflamproites

Abstract: Variscan orogenic lamproites in the Bohemian Massif predominantly occur as 1 to 2?m wide and petrographically uniform dykes along the eastern borders of the Moldanubian and Saxo-Thuringian zones. Variscan orogenic lamproites were derived by preferential melting of subduction-related olivine-free metasomatic vein assemblages stabilised in the lithospheric mantle. These lamproitic melts may subsequently undergo extensive differentiation. In this study, we present the first combined petrographic and Sr-Nd-Pb-Li isotope characteristics of a complex lamproite exposed at ca 100?m long profile near Horní Rokytnice (Czech Republic) in the Saxo-Thuringian Zone. This lamproite is characterised by the primary mineral assemblage of K-amphibole + K-feldspar ± aegirine and quartz that petrographically varies from relatively primitive (fine-grained, mafic) to more differentiated (medium- to coarse-grained, felsic) pegmatitic lamproite domains. These domains may represent the product of crystallisation of immiscible liquids that had separated from the mafic melt. The primitive lamproite zone is characterised by the typomorphic minerals - baotite, benitoite, and henrymeyerite. The more differentiated pegmatitic domains are free of aegirine and show replacement of primary red-luminescent (Fe3+-rich) K-feldspar by blue-luminescent (Fe-poor) K-feldspar. Residual fluids rich in Ca, Ti, and HFSE in combination with the decreasing peralkalinity of the lamproite system resulted in the local formation of secondary zircon, titanite and quartz at the expense of the primary Ti-Ba-Zr-K lamproitic mineral assemblages. Lamproites from the Moldanubian and Saxo-Thuringian zones fall on separate mixing trends in the 87Sr/86Sr(t) - ?Nd(t) diagram, which indicates that the mantle beneath these two zones had been metasomatised by different crustal material. The scatter in the peralkalinity index vs. ?7Li diagram indicates that the Li isotope composition is not controlled by mixing of two end members metasome and ambient depleted mantle alone, but may also be affected by late-stage magmatic and hydrothermal processes. The compositionally zoned Horní Rokytnice dyke is special as the petrographically different types show a variation of about 4 ?-units in ?7Li due to dyke-internal processes, such as fractionation, which increases ?7Li in late-stage lamproitic melts, and post-emplacement interaction with fluids that reduced ?7Li in samples that have lost Li. Post-emplacement alteration also led to the disturbance in the Pb isotope systematics of the differentiated orogenic lamproite as indicated by variable over-correction of in situ radiogenic Pb ingrowth.
DS201312-0927
2013
Krmiek, L.Ulrych, J., Krmiek, L.Recent views on lamprophyric melilitic rocks ( polzenites) of the Bohemian Massif.Goldschmidt 2013, 1p. AbstractEuropeMelilite
DS200612-0713
2005
Krmsky, R.S.Klein, E.L., Moura, C.A.V., Krmsky, R.S., Griffin, W.L.The Gurupi Belt, northern Brazil: lithostratigraphy, geochronology, and geodynamic evolution.Precambrian Research, Vol. 141, 3-4, Nov. 20, pp. 83-105.South America, BrazilGeochronology, alkaline
DS1988-0390
1988
Krochuk, m V.M.Kvasnitsa, V.N., Krochuk, m V.M., Afasyev, V.P., Tsymbal, Yu.S.Crystal morphology of kimberlite chrome spinel.(Russian)Mineral. Zhurn., (Russian), Vol. 10, No. 3, June pp. 45-51RussiaMineralogy, Spinel
DS1987-0391
1987
Krochuk, V.M.Kvasnitsa, V.N., Krochuk, V.M., Egorova, L.N., Kharkiv, A.D.Crystal morphology of zircon from kimberlites.(Russian)Mineral Zhurn., (Russian), Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 37-45RussiaBlank
DS1988-0391
1988
Krochuk, V.M.Kvasnitsa, V.N., Krochuk, V.M.Evolutional sequence of diamond crystal twins.(Russian)Ontogeniya Mineralov I Teknol. Mineral., (Russian), p. 138-144GlobalDiamond Morphology
DS1988-0392
1988
Krochuk, V.M.Kvasnitsa, V.N., Krochuk, V.M., Melnikov, V.S., Yatsenko, V.G.Crystal morphology of graphite from magmatic rocks Of the Ukrainianshield.(Russian)Mineral Zhurn., (Russian), Vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 68-76RussiaCarbonatite
DS1983-0400
1983
Krochuk, V.M. ETAL.Legokova, G.V., Krochuk, V.M. ETAL.Characteristics of chemical composition of the crystalline shape of amphiboles and pyroxenes of carbonatites in the Azov searegion.(Russian)Mineral. Zhurn., (Russian), Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 69-75RussiaCarbonatite
DS1998-1217
1998
KroenkeRatcliffe, J.T., Bercovici, D., Schubert, G., KroenkeMantle plume heads and initiation of plate tectonic reorganizationsEarth Plan. Sci. Lett, Vol. 156, No. 3-4, March 30, pp. 195-208MantlePlumes, Tectonics, geodynamics
DS1998-1218
1998
KroenkeRatcliffe, J.T., Bercovici, Schubert, KroenkeMantle plume heads and the initiation of plate tectonic reorganizationsEarth Sci. Plan. Lett., Vol. 156, No. 3-4, Mar. 30, pp. 195-208.MantlePlumes, Tectonics
DS1997-1240
1997
Kroenke, L.Wessel, P., Kroenke, L.A geometric technique for relocating hotspots and refining absolute platemotions.Nature, Vol. 387, No. 6631, May 22, pp. 365-370.MantleHotspots, Tectonics
DS1980-0199
1980
Krogh, E.J.Krogh, E.J.Compatible P-t Conditions for Eclogites and Surrounding Gneisses in the Kristiansund Area, Western Norway.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 75, No. 4, PP. 387-394.Norway, ScandinaviaPetrogenesis
DS1980-0200
1980
Krogh, E.J.Krogh, E.J.Geochemistry and Petrology of Glaucophane Bearing Eclogites and Associated Rocks from Sunnfiord Western Norway.Lithos, Vol. 13, No. 4, PP. 355-Norway, ScandinaviaBlank
DS1982-0351
1982
Krogh, E.J.Krogh, E.J.Metamorphic Evolution of Norwegian Country Rock Eclogites As Deduced from Mineral Inclusions and Compositional Zoning In Garnets.Lithos, Vol. 15, No. 4, PP. 305-321.Norway, ScandinaviaRelated Rocks
DS1986-0127
1986
Krogh, E.J.Carswell, D.A., Krogh, E.J., Griffin, W.L.Norwegian orthopyroxene eclogites: calculated equilibration conditions and petrogenetic implicationsThe Caledonide Orogen-Scandinavia and Related areas, Gee, D.G. Sturt, B.A., pp. 823-842NorwayEclogites
DS1995-1027
1995
Krogh, E.J.Krogh, E.J., Carswell, D.A.HP and ultra high pressure (UHP) eclogites and garnet peridotites in the ScandinavianCaledonides.Cambridge University of Press, pp. 244-298.Scandinavia, NorwayEclogites, garnet peridotites
DS1990-0888
1990
Krogh, E.T.Krogh, E.T., Andresen, A., Bryhni, I., Broks, T.M., KristenesenEclogites and polyphase P-T cycling in the Caledonian uppermost allochthonin Troms, northern NorwayJournal of Metamorphic Geology, Vol. 8, No. 3, May pp. 289-310NorwayEclogites
DS2002-0762
2002
Krogh, T.James, D.T., Kamo, S., Krogh, T.Evolution of 3.1 and 3.0 Ga volcanic belts and a new thermotectonic model for the Hopedale Block, North Atlantic Craton, Canada.Canadian Journal of Earth Science, Vol.39,5, May, pp.687-710.Quebec, Labrador, GreenlandTectonics - regional framework
DS1983-0511
1983
Krogh, T.E.Percival, J.A., Krogh, T.E.uranium-lead (U-Pb) zircon geochronology of the Kapuskasing structural zone and vicinity on the Chapleau Foleyet area.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 20, pp. 83043.OntarioTectonics - Structure, Ksz
DS1987-0378
1987
Krogh, T.E.Krogh, T.E., Corfu, F., Davis, D.W., Dunning, G.R., Heaman, L.M.Precise uranium-lead (U-Pb) (U-Pb) ages of diabase dykes and mafic to ultramafic rocks usingGeological Association of Canada (GAC) Special Paper, No. 34, p. 151QuebecIle Bizard kimberlite brief mention
DS1987-0379
1987
Krogh, T.E.Krogh, T.E., Corfu, F., Davis, Dunning, Heaman, NakamuraPrecise uranium-lead (U-Pb) isotopic ages of diabase dikes and mafic to ultramafic rocks using trace amounts of baddeleyiteHalls and Fahrig, Geological Association of Canada (GAC) Special Vol., No. 34, pp. 147-52.Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Northwest TerritoriesGeochronology
DS1988-0613
1988
Krogh, T.E.Scharer, U., Krogh, T.E., Wardle, Ryan, Gandhiuranium-lead (U-Pb) ages of early to middle Proterozoic volcanism and metamorphism in the Makkovik Orogen, Labrador.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 25, pp. 1098-1107.LabradorGeochronology
DS1990-0968
1990
Krogh, T.E.Machado, N., Krogh, T.E., Weber, W.uranium-lead (U-Pb) geochronology of basement gneisses in the Thompson Belt: evidence for Pikwitonei type crust .. basement..Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 27, pp. 794-802.ManitobaGeochronology, Trans Hudson Orogeny
DS1990-0969
1990
Krogh, T.E.Machado, N., Krogh, T.E.uranium-lead (U-Pb) (U-Pb) geochronology of basement gneisses in the Thompson Belt (Manitoba):evidence for pre-Kenoran and Pikwitonei type crust and early ProterozoicbasementCanadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 27, No. 6, June pp. 794-802ManitobaThompson belt, Geochronology
DS1991-1197
1991
Krogh, T.E.Moser, D.E., Krogh, T.E., Heaman, L.M., Hanes, J.A., Helmstaedt, H.The age and significance of Archean mid-crustal extension in the Kapuskasing uplift, Superior Province, CanadaGeological Society of America Annual Meeting Abstract Volume, Vol. 23, No. 5, San Diego, p. A 134OntarioTectonics, Kapuskasing uplift
DS1991-1481
1991
Krogh, T.E.Ryan, B., Krogh, T.E., Heaman, Scharer, PhillipeOn recent geochronological studies in the Nain Province Churchill province and Plutonic Suite.Newfound. Geological Survey, Paper 91-1, pp. 257-61.Quebec, Labrador, UngavaNain Plutonic suite, Geochronology
DS1993-0856
1993
Krogh, T.E.Krogh, T.E.high Pressure precision uranium-lead (U-Pb) (U-Pb) ages for granulite metamorphism and deformation in the Archean KSZ, Ontario: implications for structure and development of lower crust #2Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 119, No. 1-2, August pp. 1-18OntarioTectonics, Geochronology KSZ
DS1993-0857
1993
Krogh, T.E.Krogh, T.E.high Pressure precision uranium-lead (U-Pb) (U-Pb) ages for granulite metamorphism and deformation in the Archean Kapuskasing structural zone, Ontario: implications for structure and development #1Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 199, No. 1-2, August pp. 1-18OntarioTectonics, Kapuskasing Structural Zone
DS1993-0858
1993
Krogh, T.E.Krogh, T.E., Kamo, S.L., Bohor, B.F.Fingerprinting the K T impact site and determining the time of impact by Ulead dating of single shocked zirconsEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 119, pp. 425-9.ColoradoGeochronology, Manson impact site
DS1994-0294
1994
Krogh, T.E.Chen, Y.D., O'Reilly, S.Y., Krogh, T.E.Precise zircon dating of a lower crustal xenolith from southEastern Australia and its geological implications.Geological Association of Canada (GAC) Abstract Volume, Vol. 19, p. PosterAustraliaXenolith, Geochronology
DS1995-0246
1995
Krogh, T.E.Bussy, F., Krogh, T.E., Wardle, R.J.Lat Labradorian, metamorphism and anorthosite granitoid intrusion, Cape Caribou River allochthon, GrenvilleCanadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 32, pp. 1411-25.Quebec, Ungava, LabradorMealy Mountains, metamorphism
DS1996-0998
1996
Krogh, T.E.Moser, D.E., Heaman, L.M., Krogh, T.E., Hanes, J.A.Intracrustal extension of an Archean orogen revealed using single grain Ulead zircon geothermometry.Tectonics, Vol. 15, No. 5, Oct. pp. 1093-1109.OntarioSuperior Province, Wawa domain, Geochronology, Wawa gneiss domain
DS1996-1517
1996
Krogh, T.E.Wasteneys, H.A., Wardle, R.J., Krogh, T.E.Extrapolation of tectonic boundaries across the Labrador Shelf: uranium-lead (U-Pb)geochronology of well samples.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 33, pp. 1308-24.Quebec, Labrador, UngavaTectonics, Saglek Fiord. Hopedale Block
DS1997-0186
1997
Krogh, T.E.Chen, Y.D., O'Reilly, Y.S., Krogh, T.E.Combined uranium-lead (U-Pb) dating and Sm neodymium studies on lower crustal and mantle xenoliths from the Delegate basaltic pipes.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 130, No. 2, pp. 154-161.AustraliaXenoliths
DS2002-0605
2002
Krogh, T.E.Gower, C.F., Krogh, T.E.A U Pb geochronological review of the Proterozoic history of the eastern Grenville Province.Canadian Journal of Earth Science, Vol.39,5, May, pp.795-829.QuebecTectonics - New Quebec and Torngat Orogens
DS2002-0900
2002
Krogh, T.E.Krogh, T.E., Kamo, S., Gower, C.K., Owen, J.V.Augmented and reassessed U Pb geochronological dat a from the Labradorian Grenvillian front in the Smokey Archipelago Eastern Labrador.Canadian Journal of Earth Science, Vol.39,5, May, pp.831-43.LabradorGeochronology
DS2003-0221
2003
Krogh, T.E.Carswell, D.A., Tucker, R.D., O'Brien, P.J., Krogh, T.E.Coesite micro-inclusions and the U Pb age of zircons from the Hariedland eclogite inLithos, Vol. 67, 3-4, April pp. 181-190.NorwayCoesite
DS2003-0222
2003
Krogh, T.E.Carswell, D.A., Tucker, R.D., O'Brien, P.J., Krogh, T.E.Coesite micro-inclusions and the U Pb age of zircons from the Hareidland eclogite inLithos, Vol.67, 3-4, April, pp. 181-190.NorwayGeochronology, UHP
DS200412-0287
2003
Krogh, T.E.Carswell, D.A., Tucker, R.D., O'Brien, P.J., Krogh, T.E.Coesite micro-inclusions and the U Pb age of zircons from the Hareidland eclogite in the Western Gneiss region of Norway.Lithos, Vol.67, 3-4, April, pp. 181-190.Europe, NorwayGeochronology, UHP
DS2000-0536
2000
Krogh Ravna, E.Krogh Ravna, E.Distribution of iron (Fe2) and magnesium between coexiting garnet and hornblende in synthetic and natural systems:Lithos, Vol. 53, No. 3-4, Sept. pp. 265-77.GlobalPetrology - experimental, Geothermometry
DS2002-0575
2002
Krogh Ravna, E.J.Gilotti, J.A., Krogh Ravna, E.J.First evidence for ultrahigh pressure metamorphism in the north east Greenland Caledonides.Geology, Vol. 30,6, June,pp. 551-4.GreenlandEclogite, coesite, pseudomorph, UHP
DS200412-1057
2004
Krogh Ravna, E.J.Krogh Ravna, E.J., Terry, M.P.Geothermobarometry of UHP and HP eclogites and schists - an evaluation of equilibration temperatures among garnet clinopyroxen kyanite phengiteJournal of Metamorphic Geology, Vol. 22, 6, pp. 579-592.TechnologyUHP
DS200612-0746
2006
Krogh Ravna, E.J.Krogh Ravna, E.J., Roux, M.R.M.Metamorphic evolution of the Tonsvika eclogite, Tromso Nappe - evidence for a new UHPM province in the Scandinavian Caledonides.International Geology Review, Vol. 48, 10, October pp. 861-881.Europe, Scandinavia, NorwayUHP
DS201312-0436
2013
Krogh Ravna, E.J.Janak, M., Krogh Ravna, E.J., Kullerud, K., Yoshida, K., Milovsky, R., Hirajima, T.Discovery of diamond in the Tromso Nappe, Scandinavian Caledonides ( N. Norway).Journal of Metamorphic Geology, Vol. 31, 6, pp. 691-703.Europe, NorwayMicrodiamonds in gneiss
DS2002-1135
2002
Krogstad, E.J.Nielsen, S.G., Baker, J.A., Krogstad, E.J.Petrogenesis of an early Archean (3.4) Ga norite dyke, Isua, West Greenland: evidence for early Archean crustal recycling?Precambrian Research, Vol. 118, 1-2, pp. 133-48.GreenlandDyke - not specific to diamonds, petrology
DS1996-0789
1996
Krohe, A.Krohe, A.Variscan tectonics of central Europe: post accretionary intraplatede formation of weak continental lithosphere.Tectonics, Vol. 15, No. 6, Dec. pp. 1364-88.Europe, Germany, AustriaTectonics, Paleoplates, geodynamics
DS200712-0757
2006
Krohe, A.Mposkos, E., Krohe, A.Pressure temperature deformation paths of closely associated ultra high pressure ( diamond bearing) crustal and mantle rocks of the Kimi Complex:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 43, 12, Dec. pp. 1755-1776.Europe, GreeceUHP - not specific to diamonds, eclogite
DS1989-1566
1989
Krokhalev, V.Ya.Votyakov, S.L., Ilupin, I.P., Krasnobaev, A.A., Krokhalev, V.Ya.ESR and luminescence of zircons and apatites from kimberlites of SiberiaGeochemistry International (Geokhimiya), (Russian), No. 1, pp. 29-35RussiaLuminescence, Zircons, apatite
DS1989-1567
1989
Krokhalev, V.Ya.Votyakov, S.L., Ilupin, I.P., Krasnobayev, A.A., Krokhalev, V.Ya.ESR and luminescence of Siberian kimberlite zircon and apatiteGeochemistry International, Vol. 26, No. 8, pp. 26-32RussiaSpectroscopy -luminesence, Zircon/apatite
DS1985-0062
1985
Krol, L.G.Bergman, S.C., Dunn, D.P., Krol, L.G.Petrology and Geochemistry of the Linhaisai Minette, Karamuriver, Central Kalimantan.Geological Association of Canada (GAC)., Vol. 10, P. A4, (abstract.).Kalimantan, BorneoBlank
DS1985-0063
1985
Krol, L.G.Bergman, S.C., Krol, L.G.The Diamondiferous Pamali Breccia Southeast Kalimantan Indonesia: Intrusive Kimberlite Breccia or Sedimentary Conglomerate?Geological Society of America (GSA), Vol. 17, No. 3, FEBRUARY P. 151. (abstract.). REPRINT 28P.IndonesiaMineral Chemistry, Petrology
DS1987-0048
1987
Krol, L.G.Bergman, S.C., Dunn, D.P., Krol, L.G.Petrology of the Linhaisai minette, central Kalimantan, IndonesiaCanadian Mineralogist, In pressIndonesiaMinette
DS1987-0049
1987
Krol, L.G.Bergman, S.C., Turner, W.P., Krol, L.G.The Diamondiferous Pamali breccia, southeast Kalimantan, Indonesia: intrusive kimberlite breccia or sedimentary conglomerateGeological Society of America Special Paper, No. 215, PP. 183-197IndonesiaKimberlite, Breccia
DS1987-0050
1987
Krol, L.G.Bergman, S.C., Turner, W.S., Krol, L.G.A reassessment od rhe Diamondiferous Pamali breccia southeastKalimantanIndonesia: intrusive kimberlite breccia or sedimentary conglomerate?Mantle metasomatism and alkaline magmatism, edited E. Mullen Morris and, No. 215, pp. 183-197GlobalAnalyses p. 190-191
DS1920-0036
1920
Krol, L.H.Krol, L.H.Bijdrage Tot de Kennis Van Den Oorsprong En de Verspreidungder Diamant houdende Afzettingen in Zuidoost-borneo En Van De Opsporing En Winning Van Den Diamant.Amsterdam: Jaarboek Van Het Mijnwezen In Nederlandsch Oost-i, Vol. 49, No. 1, PP. 250-304.BorneoBlank
DS1930-0070
1931
Krol, L.H.Krol, L.H.Leboer En Diamant, Een Syngenese?De Mijningenieur., Vol. 12, OCTOBER, PP. 178-181.BorneoBlank
DS1988-0053
1988
Krol., L.G.Bergman, S.C., Dunn, D.P., Krol., L.G.Rock and mineral chemistry of the Linhaisai minette, centralIndonesia, and the origin of the Borneo diamondsCanadian Mineralogist, Vol. 26, No. 1, March pp. 23-43GlobalBlank
DS1987-0380
1987
Kronberg, B.I.Kronberg, B.I., Tazaki, K.Detailed geochemical studies of the initial stages of weathering of alkaline rocks: Ilha de Sao Sebastiao, BrasilChemical Geology, Vol. 60, No. 1/4, March 10, pp. 79-88BrazilGeomorphology
DS201212-0382
2012
Kronbichler, M.Kronbichler, M., Heister, T., Bangeth, W.High accuracy mantle convection simulation through numerical methods.Geophysical Journal International, in press availableMantleConvection
DS1970-0948
1974
Kroner, A.Kroner, A., Jackson, M.P.A.Geological Reconnaissance of the Coast between Luederitz And Marble Point Southwest Africa.Precambr. Res. Unit University Cape Town., Bulletin. No. 15, PP. 79-103.Southwest Africa, NamibiaGeology, Littoral Diamond Placers
DS1984-0434
1984
Kroner, A.Kroner, A.Evolution, Growth and Stabilization of the Precambrian Lithosphere.Physics And Chemistry of The Earth, Vol. 15, PP. 69-106.South Africa, Antarctica, India, RussiaArchaean Granite, Greenstone, Craton, Kaapvaal
DS1987-0381
1987
Kroner, A.Kroner, A.Proterozoic Lithospheric evolutionA.g.u, Geodynamics series, Vol. 17, 288pMidcontinentUSA, Tectonics
DS1988-0381
1988
Kroner, A.Kroner, A., Todt, W.Single zircon dating constraining the maximum age of theBarberton greenstone belt, Southern AfricaJournal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 93, No. B12, Dec. 10, pp. 15, 329-15, 338South AfricaGeochronology, Barberton Greenstone Belt
DS1989-0831
1989
Kroner, A.Kroner, A., Compston, W., Williams, I.S.Growth of early Archean crust in the ancient gneiss complex of Swazilandas revealed by single zircondatingTectonophysics, Vol. 161, No. 3/4, pp. 271-298GlobalCraton, Tectonics
DS1989-0857
1989
Kroner, A.Layer, P.W., Kroner, A., Mcwilliams, M., York, D.Elements of the Archean thermal history and apparent polar wander of the eastern Kaapvaal craton, Swaziland, from single grain dating andPaleomagnetismEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 93, No. 1, May pp. 23-34GlobalGeochronology
DS1991-0930
1991
Kroner, A.Kroner, A.Tectonic evolution in the Archean and ProterozoicTectonophysics, Vol. 187, pp. 393-410Canada, FinlandTectonics, Evolution -Archean, Proterozoic
DS1991-0931
1991
Kroner, A.Kroner, A.Tectonic evolution in the Archean and ProterozoicTectonophysics, Vol. 187, pp. 393-410.South Africa, AustraliaTectonics - plate
DS1991-0932
1991
Kroner, A.Kroner, A.African linkage of Precambrian Sri LankaGeol. Runschau, Vol. 80, No. 2, pp. 429-440Sri LankaPan African, Archean Gondwana
DS1992-0917
1992
Kroner, A.Layer, P.W., Kroner, A., York, D.Pre-3000 Ma thermal history of the Archean Kaap Valley pluton, SouthAfricaGeology, Vol. 20, No. 8, August pp. 717-720South AfricaGeochronology, Barberton greenstone belt
DS1993-1528
1993
Kroner, A.Stern, R.J., Kroner, A.Late Precambrian crustal evolution in northeast Sudean isotopic and geochronologicconstraints.Journal of Geology, Vol. 101, pp. 555-574.GlobalMantle - lithosphere, Tectonics
DS1994-0752
1994
Kroner, A.Hegner, E., Kroner, A., Hunt, P.A precise uranium-lead (U-Pb) (U-Pb) zircon age for the Archean Pongola Supergroup volcanics inSwazilandJournal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 18, No. 4, May pp. 339-342GlobalGeochronology, Archean
DS1994-0952
1994
Kroner, A.Kroner, A., Tegtmeyer, A.Gneiss greenstone relationships in the ancient gneiss complex of southwestern Swaziland, and implications for early crustal evolution.Precambrian Research, Vol. 67, pp. 109-139.GlobalTectonics
DS1994-0953
1994
Kroner, A.Kroner, A., Tegtmeyer, A.Gneiss-greenstone relationships in ancient gneiss complex of southwest southern Africa, and implications for early crustal evolutionPrecambrian Research, Vol. 67, pp. 109-137GlobalTectonics, Crustal evolution
DS1995-1317
1995
Kroner, A.Munyanyiwa, H., Kroner, A., Jaeckel, P.uranium-lead (U-Pb) and lead lead single zircon ages for the chrno-enderbites from the Magondimobile beltSouth African Journal of Geology, Vol. 98, No. 1, March pp. 52-57ZimbabweGeochronology, Magondi belt
DS1996-0203
1996
Kroner, A.Byerly, G.R., Kroner, A., Walsh, M.M.Prolonged magmatism and time constraints for sediment deposition in the Early Archean Barberton greenstonePrecambrian Research, Vol. 78, No. 1-3, May 1, pp. 125-150South AfricaGreenstone belts, Barberton area
DS1997-0637
1997
Kroner, A.Kroner, A., et al.Kibaran magmatism and Pan African granulite metamorphism in northernMozambique: single zircon agesJournal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 25, No. 3, Oct. pp. 467-484GlobalGeochronology, metamorphism
DS1998-1315
1998
Kroner, A.Seth, B., Kroner, A., Okrusch, M.Archean to neoproterozoic magmatic events in the Kaoko belt of northwest Namibia and their geodynamic significance.Precambrian Research, Vol. 92, No. 4, Dec. 1, pp. 341-365.NamibiaMagmatism, Tectonics
DS2000-0166
2000
Kroner, A.Collins, A.S., Kroner, A., Razakamana, T., Windley, B.F.The tectonic architecture of the East African Orogen in central Madagascar: a structural and geochronologicalJournal of African Earth Sciences, p. 21. abstract.MadagascarTectonics, Geochronology
DS2000-0537
2000
Kroner, A.Kroner, A.The East African orogen: its role in Rodinia and Gondwana supercontinent formation and dispersal.Geological Society of America (GSA) Abstracts, Vol. 32, No. 7, p.A-247.Madagascar, AfricaOrogeny - Pan African
DS2000-0538
2000
Kroner, A.Kroner, A., Hegner, E., Pidgeon, R.T.Age and magmatic history of the Antananrivo Block, central Madagascar: derived from zircon geochronologyAmerican Journal of Science, Vol. 300, No. 4, Apr. pp. 251-88.MadagascarMagmatism, Geochronology - age determinations, isotopic
DS2000-0539
2000
Kroner, A.Kroner, A., Willner, A.P., Collins, A., Hegner, MuhongoThe Mozambique Belt of East Africa and Madagascar: a new zircon and neodymium ages - implications Rodinia, GondwanaJournal of African Earth Sciences, p. 49. abstract.GlobalSupercontinent - Gondwana
DS2000-1022
2000
Kroner, A.Windley, B.F., Kroner, A., Collins, A., Whitehouse, M.The tectonic evolution of Madagascar and Yemen in the Neoproterozoic and their role in accretion....Igc 30th. Brasil, Aug. abstract only 1p.MadagascarTectonics - Gondwanaland, Alkaline rocks
DS2002-1341
2002
Kroner, A.Ring, U., Kroner, A., Buchwaldt, R., Toulkeridis, T., Layer, P.W.Shear zone patterns and eclogite facies metamorphism in the Mozambique belt ofPrecambrian Research, Vol. 116, No.1-2, pp. 19-56.Malawi, East AfricaMetamorphism, Tectonics
DS2002-1720
2002
Kroner, A.Windley, B.F., Kroner, A., Guo, J., Qu, G., Li, Y., Zhang, C.Neoproterozoic to Paleozoic geology of the Altai Orogen NW China: new zircon age dat a and tectonic evolution.Journal of Geology, Vol. 110, 6, pp. 719-738.ChinaGeochronology
DS2003-0752
2003
Kroner, A.Kroner, A., Cordani, Y.African, southern Indian and South American cratons were not part of the RodiniaTectonophysics, Vol. 375, 1-4, pp. 325-52.Africa, India, South AmericaGeochronology - Gondwanaland
DS2003-1312
2003
Kroner, A.Sommer, H., Kroner, A., Hauzenberger, C., Muhongo, S., Wingate, M.T.Metamorphic petrology and zircon geochronology of high grade rocks from the centralJournal of Metamorphic Geology, Vol. 21, 9, pp. 915-934.TanzaniaGeochronology - not specific to diamonds
DS200412-1058
2003
Kroner, A.Kroner, A., Cordani, Y.African, southern Indian and South American cratons were not part of the Rodinia supercontinent: evidence from field relationshiTectonophysics, Vol. 375, 1-4, pp. 325-52.Africa, India, South AmericaGeochronology - Gondwanaland
DS200412-1877
2003
Kroner, A.Sommer, H., Kroner, A., Hauzenberger, C., Muhongo, S., Wingate, M.T.Metamorphic petrology and zircon geochronology of high grade rocks from the central Mozambique belt of Tanzania: crustal recycliJournal of Metamorphic Geology, Vol. 21, 9, pp. 915-934.Africa, TanzaniaGeochronology - not specific to diamonds
DS200512-0581
2005
Kroner, A.Kroner, A., Brown, L.Structure, composition and evolution of the South Indian and Sri Lankan granulite terrains from deep seismic profiling and geophysical investigations.Gondwana Research, Vol. 8, 3, pp. 317-335.India, AsiaGeophysics - seismics
DS200612-0230
2006
Kroner, A.Cawood, P.A., Kroner, A., Pisarevsky, S.Precambrian plate tectonics: criteria and evidence.GSA Today, Vol. 16, 7, July pp. 4-11.CanadaPaleomagnetism, subduction, geochronology, geochemistry
DS200712-0635
2006
Kroner, A.Liu, D., Jian, P., Kroner, A., Xu, S.Dating of prograde metamorphic events deciphered from episodic zircon growth in rocks of the Dabie Sulu UHP complex, China.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 250, 3-4, Oct. 30, pp. 650-666.ChinaUHP
DS200812-0236
2008
Kroner, A.Condie, K.C., Kroner, A.When did plate tectonics begin? Evidence from the geologic record.Geological Society of America Special Paper, 440, pp. 281-MantleGeochronology
DS200912-0102
2009
Kroner, A.Cawood, P.A., Kroner, A., Collins, W.J., Kusky, T.M., Mooney, W.D., Windley, B.F.Accretionary orogens through Earth history.Geological Society of London, Special Publication Earth Accretionary systems in Space and Time, No. 318, pp. 1-36.MantleOrogen
DS201012-0415
2010
Kroner, A.Kroner, A.The role of geochronology in understanding continental evolution.The evolving continents: understanding processes of continental growth, Geological Society of London, Vol. 338, pp. 179-196.MantleGeochronology
DS201212-0383
2012
Kroner, A.Kroner, A., Liu, D.Advances in high-resolution ion-microprobe geochronogy ( 2 pg overview)Gondwana Research, Vol. 21, 4, pp. 717-718.TechnologyGeochronology
DS201412-0870
2013
Kroner, A.Sommer, H., Wan,Y., Kroner, A., Xie, H., Jacob, D.E.Shrimp zircon ages and petrology of lower crustal granulite xenoliths from the Letseng-La-Terae kimberlite, Lesotho: further evidence for a Namaquanatal connection.South Africa Journal of Geology, Vol. 116, 2, pp. 183-198.Africa, LesothoDeposit - Letseng
DS201811-2586
2018
Kroner, A.Kroner, A., Nagel, T.J., Hoffmann, J.E., Liu, X., Wong, J., Hegner, E., Xie, H., Kasper, U., Hofmann, A., Liu, D.High temperature metamorphism and crustal melting at ca. 3.2 Ga in the eastern Kaapvaal craton.Precambrian Research, Vol. 317, pp. 101-116.Africa, South Africacraton

Abstract: The question of whether high-grade metamorphism and crustal melting in the early Archaean were associated with modern-style plate tectonics is a major issue in unravelling early Earth crustal evolution, and the eastern Kaapvaal craton has featured prominently in this debate. We discuss a major ca. 3.2?Ga tectono-magmatic-metamorphic event in the Ancient Gneiss Complex (AGC) of Swaziland, a multiply deformed medium- to high-grade terrane in the eastern Kaapvaal craton consisting of 3.66-3.20?Ga granitoid gneisses and infolded greenstone remnants, metasedimentary assemblages and mafic dykes. We report on a 3.2?Ga granulite-facies assemblage in a metagabbro of the AGC of central Swaziland and relate this to a major thermo-magmatic event that not only affected the AGC but also the neighbouring Barberton granitoid-greenstone terrane. Some previous models have related the 3.2?Ga event in the eastern Kaapvaal craton to subduction processes, but we see no evidence for long, narrow belts and metamorphic facies changes reflecting lithospheric suture zones, and there is no unidirectional asymmetry in the thermal structure across the entire region from Swaziland to the southern Barberton granite-greenstone terrane as is typical of Phanerozoic and Proterozoic belts. Instead, we consider an underplating event at ca. 3.2?Ga, giving rise to melting in the lower crust and mixing with mantle-derived under- and intraplated mafic magma to generate the voluminous granitoid assemblages now observed in the AGC and the southern Barberton terrane. This is compatible with large-scale crustal reworking during a major thermo-magmatic event and the apparent lack of a mafic lower crust in the Kaapvaal craton as shown by seismic data.
DS202003-0373
2020
Kroner, A.Yin, A., Brandl, G., Kroner, A.Plate tectonics processes at ca 2.0 Ga: evidence from >600 km of plate convergence. Limpopo beltGeology, Vol. 48, pp. 103-107.Africa, South Africatectonics

Abstract: We addressed when plate-tectonic processes first started on Earth by examining the ca. 2.0 Ga Limpopo orogenic belt in southern Africa. We show through palinspastic reconstruction that the Limpopo orogen originated from >600 km of west-directed thrusting, and the thrust sheet was subsequently folded by north-south compression. The common 2.7-2.6 Ga felsic plutons in the Limpopo thrust sheet and the absence of an arc immediately predating the 2.0 Ga Limpopo thrusting require the Limpopo belt to be an intracontinental structure. The similar duration (?40 m.y.), slip magnitude (>600 km), slip rate (>15 mm/yr), tectonic setting (intracontinental), and widespread anatexis to those of the Himalayan orogen lead us to propose the Limpopo belt to have developed by continent-continent collision. Specifically, the combined Zimbabwe-Kaapvaal craton (ZKC, named in this study) in the west (present coordinates) was subducting eastward below an outboard craton (OC), which carried an arc equivalent to the Gangdese batholith in southern Tibet prior to the India-Asia collision. The ZKC-OC collision at ca. 2.0 Ga triggered a westward jump in the plate convergence boundary, from the initial suture zone to the Limpopo thrust within the ZKC. Subsequent thrusting accommodated >600 km of plate convergence, possibly driven by ridge push from the west side of the ZKC. As intracontinental plate convergence is a key modern plate-tectonic process, the development of the Limpopo belt implies that the operation of plate tectonics, at least at a local scale, was ongoing by ca. 2.0 Ga on Earth.
DS201902-0324
2019
Kroner, U.Stephan, T., Kroner, U., Romer, R.L.The pre-orogenic detrital zircon record of the Peri-Gondwanan crust.Geological Magazine, Vol. 156, 2, pp. 281-307.Mantlegeochronology

Abstract: We present a statistical approach to data mining and quantitatively evaluating detrital age spectra for sedimentary provenance analyses and palaeogeographic reconstructions. Multidimensional scaling coupled with density-based clustering allows the objective identification of provenance end-member populations and sedimentary mixing processes for a composite crust. We compiled 58 601 detrital zircon U-Pb ages from 770 Precambrian to Lower Palaeozoic shelf sedimentary rocks from 160 publications and applied statistical provenance analysis for the Peri-Gondwanan crust north of Africa and the adjacent areas. We have filtered the dataset to reduce the age spectra to the provenance signal, and compared the signal with age patterns of potential source regions. In terms of provenance, our results reveal three distinct areas, namely the Avalonian, West African and East African-Arabian zircon provinces. Except for the Rheic Ocean separating the Avalonian Zircon Province from Gondwana, the statistical analysis provides no evidence for the existence of additional oceanic lithosphere. This implies a vast and contiguous Peri-Gondwanan shelf south of the Rheic Ocean that is supplied by two contrasting super-fan systems, reflected in the zircon provinces of West Africa and East Africa-Arabia.
DS200712-0587
2007
Kronord, V.A.Kuskov, O.L., Kronord, V.A.Composition, temperature and thickness of the lithosphere of the Archean Kaapvaal craton.Izvestia Physics of the Solid Earth, Vol. 43, 1, pp. 42-62. Ingenta 1070870033Africa, South AfricaCraton
DS201412-0490
2014
Kronrod, V.Kuskov, O., Kronrod, V., Prokofev, A., Pavlenkova, N.Petrological -geophysical models of the internal structure of the lithospheric mantle of the Siberian craton.Petrology, Vol. 22, 1, pp. 17-44.RussiaGeophysics - geodynamics
DS200612-0753
2006
Kronrod, V.A.Kuskov, O.L., Kronrod, V.A.Determining the temperature of the Earth's continental upper mantle from geochemical and seismic data.Geochemistry International, Vol. 44, 3, pp. 232-248.MantleGeothermometry
DS200612-0754
2006
Kronrod, V.A.Kuskov, O.L., Kronrod, V.A., Annersten, H.Inferring upper mantle temperatures from seismic and geochemical constraints: implications for Kaapvaal Craton.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 244, 1-2, Apr. 15, pp. 133-154.Africa, South AfricaGeothermometry
DS200712-0588
2007
Kronrod, V.A.Kuskov, O.L., Kronrod, V.A., Zhidikova, A.P.Composition, temperature, and thickness of the lithosphere of the Kaapvaal Craton.Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms, 1p. abstract p. A532.Africa, South AfricaGeothermometry
DS201412-0491
2014
Kronrod, V.A.Kuskov, O.L., Kronrod, V.A., Prokofyev, A.A., Pavlenkova, N.I.Thermo-chemical structure of the lithospheric mantle underneath the Siberian craton inferred from long-range seismic profiles.Tectonophysics, Vol. 615-616, pp. 154-166.Russia, SiberiaGeothermometry
DS202010-1845
2020
KronzGordeychik, B., Churikova, T., Shea, T., Kronz, A,m Simakin, A., Worner, G.Fo and Ni relations in olivine differentiate between crystallization and diffusion trends.Journal of Petrology, 10.1093/petrology/egaa083Mantleolivine

Abstract: Nickel is a strongly compatible element in olivine, and thus fractional crystallization of olivine typically results in a concave-up trend on a Fo-Ni diagram. "Ni-enriched" olivine compositions are considered those that fall above such a crystallization trend. To explain Ni-enriched olivine crystals, we develop a set of theoretical and computational models to describe how primitive olivine phenocrysts from a parent (high-Mg, high-Ni) basalt re-equilibrate with an evolved (low-Mg, low-Ni) melt through diffusion. These models describe the progressive loss of Fo and Ni in olivine cores during protracted diffusion for various crystal shapes and different relative diffusivities for Ni and Fe-Mg. In the case when the diffusivity of Ni is lower than that for Fe-Mg interdiffusion, then olivine phenocrysts affected by protracted diffusion form a concave-down trend that contrasts with the concave-up crystallization trend. Models for different simple geometries show that the concavity of the diffusion trend does not depend on the size of the crystals and only weakly depends on their shape. We also find that the effect of diffusion anisotropy on trend concavity is in the same magnitude as the effect of crystal shape. Thus, both diffusion anisotropy and crystal shape do not significantly change the concave-down diffusion trend. Three-dimensional numerical diffusion models using a range of more complex, realistic olivine morphologies with anisotropy corroborate this conclusion. Thus, the curvature of the concave-down diffusion trend is mainly determined by the ratio of Ni and Fe-Mg diffusion coefficients. The initial and final points of the diffusion trend are in turn determined by the compositional contrast between mafic and more evolved melts that have mixed to cause disequilibrium between olivine cores and surrounding melt. We present several examples of measurements on olivine from arc basalts from Kamchatka, and several published olivine datasets from mafic magmas from non-subduction settings (lamproites and kimberlites) that are consistent with diffusion-controlled Fo-Ni behaviour. In each case the ratio of Ni and Fe-Mg diffusion coefficients is indicated to be?
DS2002-1766
2002
Kronz, A.Zack, T., Kronz, A., Foley, S.F., Rivers, T.Trace element abundances in rutiles from eclogites and associated garnet mica schistsChemical Geology, Vol. 184, 1-2, pp. 97-122.AlpsSubduction, Heavy minerals - not specific to diamonds
DS200412-0890
2004
Kronz, A.Jacob, D.E., Kronz, A., Viljoen, K.S.Cohenite, native iron and troilite inclusions in garnets from polycrystalline diamond aggregates.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 146, 5, pp. 566-76.Africa, South AfricaDiamond inclusions
DS200512-1205
2005
Kronz, A.Xiao, Y., Hoefs, J., Kronz, A.Compositionally zoned Cl rich amphiboles from North Dabie Shan, China: monitor of high pressure metamorphic fluid rock interaction processes.Lithos, Vol. 81, 1-4, April pp. 279-295.ChinaUHP
DS200512-1229
2004
Kronz, A.Zack, T., Moraes, R., Kronz, A.Temperature dependence of Zr in rutile: empirical calibration of a rutile thermometer.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 148, 4, pp. 471-488.Thermometry
DS201012-0317
2010
Kronz, A.Jacob, D.E., Wirth, R., Enzmann, F., Kronz, A.Combined FIB/TEM and microcomputer tomography of polycrystalline diamond ( framesite) from Orapa, Botswana.International Mineralogical Association meeting August Budapest, abstract p. 178.Africa, BotswanaFramesite
DS201112-0471
2011
Kronz, A.Jacob, D.E., Wirth, R., Enzmann, F., Kronz, A., Schreiber, A.Nano-inclusion suite and high resolution micro-computed tomography of polycrystalline diamond (framesite) from Orapa, Botswana.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 308, 3-4, pp. 307-316.Africa, BotswanaInclusions
DS201112-0472
2011
Kronz, A.Jacob, D.E., Wirth, R., Enzmann, F., Kronz, A., Schrieber, A.Nano-inclusion suite and high resolution micro-computed-tomography of polycrystalline diamond (framesite) from Orapa, Botswana.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 308, 3-4, pp. 307-316.Africa, BotswanaDeposit - Orapa
DS201412-0519
2014
Kronz, A.Liu, L., Xiao, Y., Worner, G., Kronz, A., Hou, Z.Detrital rutile geochemistry and theromometry from the Dabie orogen: implications for source - sediment links in a UHPM terrane.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, Vol. 89, pp. 123-140.ChinaUHP
DS201810-2360
2018
Kronz, A.Nasdala, L., Corfu, F., Schoene, B., Tapster, S.R., Wall, C.J., Schmitz, M.D., Ovtcharova, M., Schaltegger, U., Kennedy, A.K., Kronz, A., Reiners, P.W., Yang, Y-H., Wu, F-Y., Gain, S.E.M., Griffin, W.L., Szymanowski, D., Chanmuang, C., Ende, N.M., ValleyGZ7 and GZ8 - two zircon reference materials for SIMS U-Pb geochronology.Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, http://orchid.org/0000-0002-2701-4635 80p.Asia, Sri Lankageochronology

Abstract: Here we document a detailed characterization of two zircon gemstones, GZ7 and GZ8. Both stones had the same mass at 19.2 carats (3.84 g) each; both came from placer deposits in the Ratnapura district, Sri Lanka. The U-Pb data are in both cases concordant within the uncertainties of decay constants and yield weighted mean ²??Pb/²³?U ages (95% confidence uncertainty) of 530.26 Ma ± 0.05 Ma (GZ7) and 543.92 Ma ± 0.06 Ma (GZ8). Neither GZ7 nor GZ8 have been subjected to any gem enhancement by heating. Structure?related parameters correspond well with the calculated alpha doses of 1.48 × 10¹? g?¹ (GZ7) and 2.53 × 10¹? g?¹ (GZ8), respectively, and the (U-Th)/He ages of 438 Ma ± 3 Ma (2s) for GZ7 and 426 Ma ± 9 Ma (2s) for GZ8 are typical of unheated zircon from Sri Lanka. The mean U concentrations are 680 ?g g?¹ (GZ7) and 1305 ?g g?¹ (GZ8). The two zircon samples are proposed as reference materials for SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry) U-Pb geochronology. In addition, GZ7 (Ti concentration 25.08 ?g g?¹ ± 0.18 ?g g?¹; 95% confidence uncertainty) may prove useful as reference material for Ti?in?zircon temperature estimates.
DS201904-0753
2019
Kroonenberg, S.Kroonenberg, S., Mason, P.R.D., Kriegsman, L. de Roever, E.W.F., Wong, T.E.Geology and mineral deposits of the Guiana Shield.SAXI-XI Inter Guiana Geological Conferene 2019: Paramaribo, Suriname, 6p. PdfSouth America, Brazil, VenezuelaGuiana shield

Abstract: The Guiana Shield records a long history that starts in the Archean, but culminates in the Trans-Amazonian Orogeny between 2.26-2.09 Ga as a result of an Amazonian-West-Africa collision. This event is responsible for the emplacement of a major part of its mineralisations, especially gold, iron and manganese. The diamondiferous Roraima Supergroup represents its molasse. Between 1.86 and 1.72 Ga the Rio Negro Block accreted in the west. The Grenvillian Orogeny caused shearing and mineral resetting between 1.3 and 1.1 Ga when Amazonia collided with Laurentia. Younger platform covers contain placer gold mineralisation. Several suits of dolerite dykes record short-lived periods of crustal extension. Bauxite plateaus cover various rock units.
DS201904-0760
2019
Kroonenberg, S.Naipal, R., Kroonenberg, S., Mason, P.R.D.Ultramafic rocks of the Paleoproterozoic greenstone belt in the Guiana shield of Suriname, and their mineral potential.SAXI-XI Inter Guiana Geological Conferene 2019: Paramaribo, Suriname, 5p. PdfSouth America, SurinameGuiana shield

Abstract: The ultramafic rocks of the Marowijne Greenstone Belt in Suriname and elsewhere in the Guiana Shield comprise both intrusive dunite-gabbroic bodies and ultramafic lavas and volcaniclastic rocks. They were emplaced in the early stages of the Trans-Amazonian Orogeny (2.26-2.09 Ga), but their petrogenesis and geotectonic significance have still to be elaborated. They present several economically interesting mineralisations, including chromium, nickel, platinum, gold and diamonds. In Suriname diamonds are found since the 19 th century; possible source rocks show similarities with the diamondiferous komatiitic volcaniclastic rocks in Dachine, French Guiana and in Akwatia in the Birimian Greenstone Belt of Ghana. This might point to a regionally extensive diamond belt in the Guiana Shield and its predrift counterpart in the West-African Craton.
DS201812-2833
2016
Kroonenberg, S.B.Kroonenberg, S.B., de Roever, E.W.F., Fraga, L.M., Faraco, T., Lafon, J-M., Cordani, U., Wong, T.E.Paleoproterzoic evolution of the Guiana Shield in Suriname: a revised model.Netherlands Journal of Geolsciences, Vol. 95, 4, pp. 491-522.South America, SurinameGuiana shield

Abstract: The Proterozoic basement of Suriname consists of a greenstone-tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite belt in the northeast of the country, two high-grade belts in the northwest and southwest, respectively, and a large granitoid-felsic volcanic terrain in the central part of the country, punctuated by numerous gabbroic intrusions. The basement is overlain by the subhorizontal Proterozoic Roraima sandstone formation and transected by two Proterozoic and one Jurassic dolerite dyke swarms. Late Proterozoic mylonitisation affected large parts of the basement. Almost 50 new U-Pb and Pb-Pb zircon ages and geochemical data have been obtained in Suriname, and much new data are also available from the neighbouring countries. This has led to a considerable revision of the geological evolution of the basement. The main orogenic event is the Trans-Amazonian Orogeny, resulting from southwards subduction and later collision between the Guiana Shield and the West African Craton. The first phase, between 2.18 and 2.09 Ga, shows ocean floor magmatism, volcanic arc development, sedimentation, metamorphism, anatexis and plutonism in the Marowijne Greenstone Belt and the adjacent older granites and gneisses. The second phase encompasses the evolution of the Bakhuis Granulite Belt and Coeroeni Gneiss Belt through rift-type basin formation, volcanism, sedimentation and, between 2.07 and 2.05 Ga, high-grade metamorphism. The third phase, between 1.99 and 1.95 Ga, is characterised by renewed high-grade metamorphism in the Bakhuis and Coeroeni belts along an anticlockwise cooling path, and ignimbritic volcanism and extensive and varied intrusive magmatism in the western half of the country. An alternative scenario is also discussed, implying an origin of the Coeroeni Gneiss Belt as an active continental margin, recording northwards subduction and finally collision between a magmatic arc in the south and an older northern continent. The Grenvillian collision between Laurentia and Amazonia around 1.2-1.0 Ga caused widespread mylonitisation and mica age resetting in the basement.
DS202009-1644
2019
Kroonenberg, S.B.Naipal, R., Kroonenberg, S.B., Mason, P.R.D.Ultramafic rocks of the Paleoproterozoic greenstone belt in the Guiana shield of Suriname, and their mineral potential.SAXI-XI Inter Guiana Geological Conference, held Paramaribo, Suriname., 5p. PdfSouth America, Surinamediamond

Abstract: The ultramafic rocks of the Marowijne Greenstone Belt in Suriname and elsewhere in the Guiana Shield comprise both intrusive dunite-gabbroic bodies and ultramafic lavas and volcaniclastic rocks. They were emplaced in the early stages of the Trans-Amazonian Orogeny (2.26-2.09 Ga), but their petrogenesis and geotectonic significance have still to be elaborated. They present several economically interesting mineralisations, including chromium, nickel, platinum, gold and diamonds. In Suriname diamonds are found since the 19 th century; possible source rocks show similarities with the diamondiferous komatiitic volcaniclastic rocks in Dachine, French Guiana and in Akwatia in the Birimian Greenstone Belt of Ghana. This might point to a regionally extensive diamond belt in the Guiana Shield and its predrift counterpart in the West-African Craton.
DS202009-1645
2020
Kroonenberg, S.B.Naipal, R., Zwaan, J.C.(Hanco),, Kroonenberg, S.B., Kreigsman, L.M., Mason, P.R.D.Diamonds from the Nassau Mountains, Suriname.Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 37, 2, pp. 180-191. pdfSouth America, Surinamedeposit - Paramaka Creek

Abstract: Alluvial diamonds have been found in Suriname since the late 19th century, but to date the details of their origin remain unclear. Here we describe diamonds from Paramaka Creek (Nassau Mountains area) in the Marowijne greenstone belt, Guiana Shield, north-eastern Suriname. Thirteen samples were studied, consisting mainly of euhedral crystals with dominant octahedral and dodecahe-dral habits. They had colourless to brown to slightly greenish body colours, and some showed green or (less commonly) brown irradiation spots. Surface features showed evidence of late-stage resorption that occurred during their transport to the earth’s surface. The studied diamonds were predominantly type IaAB, with nitrogen as both A and B aggregates. In the DiamondView most samples displayed blue and/or green luminescence and concentric growth patterns. Their mineral inclusion assemblages (forsterite and enstatite) indicate a peridotitic (possibly harzburgitic) paragenesis.
DS202101-0022
2020
Kropac, K.Kropac, K., Dolnicek, Z., Uher, P., Burianek, D., Safai, A., Urubek, T.Zirconian-niobian titanite and associated Zr-, Nb-, REE-rich accessory minerals: products of hydrothermal overprint of leucocratic teschenites ( Sileasian Unit, outer western Carpathians, Czech Republic).Geologica Carpathica ** Eng, Vol. 71, 4, pp. 343-360. pdfEurope, Czech Republicalkaline rocks

Abstract: Sills of hydrothermally altered alkaline magmatic rock (teschenite) of Lower Cretaceous age at the ?er?ák and ?epišt? sites in the Silesian Unit (Flysch Belt of the Outer Western Carpathians, Czech Republic) host leucocratic dykes and nests which contain accessory minerals enriched in Zr, Nb and REE: Zr-, Nb-rich titanite, zircon, gittinsite, pyrochlore, monazite, REE-rich apatite, epidote, and vesuvianite. Titanite forms wedge-shaped crystals or irregular aggregates enclosed in the analcime groundmass or overgrowths on Zr-rich ferropargasite and taramite or Zr-rich aegirine-augite to aegirine. Titanite crystals show oscillatory or irregular patchy to sector zoning and contain up to 17.7 wt. % ZrO2 and 19.6 wt. % Nb2O5, and ?1.1 wt. % REE2O3. High-field-strength elements (HFSE) are incorporated into the structure of the studied titanite predominantly by substitutions: (i) [6]Ti4+???[6]Zr4+; (ii) [6]Ti4+?+?[6]Al3+???[6]Zr4+?+?[6]Fe3+; and (iii) [6]2Ti4+???[6]Nb5+?+?[6](Al, Fe)3+. Magmatic fractional crystallization, high-temperature hydrothermal autometasomatic overprint and low-temperature hydrothermal alterations resulted in the formation of the HFSE-rich mineral assemblages within the leucocratic teschenites. Autometamorphic processes caused by high-temperature hypersaline aqueous solutions (salinity ~50 wt. %, ~390-510 °C), which were released from the HFSE-enriched residual melt, played a major role in the crystallization of Zr-, Nb-, and REE-rich minerals. The mobilization of HFSE could have occurred either by their sequestration into a fluid phase exsolved from the crystallizing melt or by superimposed alteration processes. The distinctive positive Eu anomaly (EuCN/Eu*?=?1.85) of leucocratic dykes infers possible mixing of Eu2+-bearing magmatic fluids with more oxidized fluids.
DS202101-0036
2014
Kropac, K.Urubek, T., Dolnicek, Z., Kropac, K.Genesis of syntectonic hydrothermal veins in the igneous rock of teschenite association ( Outer western Carpathians, Czeck Republic): growth mechanisms and origin of fluids. ( REE) ** note dateGeologica Carpathica ** Eng, Vol. 65, 6, pp. 419-431. pdf doi: 10.15 /geoca-2015-0003Europe, Czech Republicalkaline rocks

Abstract: Hydrothermal mineralization hosted by the Lower Cretaceous igneous rock of the teschenite association at Jasenice (Silesian Unit, Flysch Belt, Outer Western Carpathians) occurs in two morphological types - irregular vein filled by granular calcite and regular composite vein formed by both fibrous and granular calcite and minor chlorite, quartz, and pyrite. Crosscutting evidence indicates that the granular veins are younger than the composite vein. The composite vein was formed by two mechanisms at different times. The arrangement of solid inclusions in the marginal fibrous zone suggests an episodic growth by the crack-seal mechanism during syntectonic deformation which was at least partially driven by tectonic suction pump during some stages of the Alpine Orogeny. Both the central part of the composite vein and monomineral veins developed in a brittle regime. In these cases, the textures of vein suggest the flow of fluids along an open fracture. The parent fluids of both types of vein are characterized by low temperatures (Th=66-163 °C), low salinities (0.4 to 3.4 wt. % NaCl eq.), low content of strong REE-complexing ligands, and ?18O and ?13C ranges of + 0.2/+12.5 %. SMOW and -11.8/-14.1 %. PDB, respectively. The parent fluids are interpreted as the results of mixing of residual seawater and diagenetic waters produced by dewatering of clay minerals in the associ-ated flysch sediments. The flow of fluids was controlled by tectonic deformation of the host rock.
DS200712-0538
2007
Kropachev, A.P.Khudolev, A.K., Kropachev, A.P., Tkachenko, V.I., Rublev, A.G., Sergeev, S.A., Matukov, D.I,LyahnitskayaMesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic evolution of the Siberian Craton and adjacent microcontinents: an overview with constraints for a Laurentian Connection.SEPM Special Publication 86, pp. 209-226.RussiaCraton
DS200712-0539
2007
Kropachev, A.P.Khudolev, A.K., Kropachev, A.P., Tkachenko, V.I., Rublev, A.G., Sergeev, S.A., Matukov, D.I,LyahnitskayaMesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic evolution of the Siberian Craton and adjacent microcontinents: an overview with constraints for a Laurentian Connection.SEPM Special Publication 86, pp. 209-226.RussiaCraton
DS1984-0475
1984
Kropotkin, P.N.Malkov, B.A., Milanovskiy, Y.Y., Kropotkin, P.N., Pushcharovski.Archean Diamond Bearing Mantle and Kimberlite Volcanism in The Expanding Earth Theory.Izd. Nauka, Moscow., PP. 56061.RussiaIgneous Rocks, Kimberlite, Genesis, Plate Tectonics
DS1994-0954
1994
Kropotkin, P.N.Kropotkin, P.N., Efremov, V.H.New proofs of plate tectonic theoryGeotectonics, Vol. 28, No. 1, August pp. 13-19RussiaTectonics
DS1960-0759
1966
Kropotova, O.I.Vinogradov, A.P., Kropotova, O.I., Orlov, Y.U., Grinenko, V.A.Isotopic Composition of Diamond Crystals and CarbonadoTranslation From Institute Geochemistry And Analytical Chemistry, 3P.Russia, BrazilIsotope
DS1975-0547
1977
Kroptova, O.I.Kratsov, A.I., Kroptova, O.I., Voytov, G.I., Ivanov, V.A.Isotopic Composition of Carbon of Diamonds and Carbon Compounds in Pipes of the East Siberian Diamond Province.Dokl. Academy of Science Ussr, Earth Sci. Section., Vol. 223, No. 1-6, PP. 206-208.RussiaGeochronology
DS1983-0239
1983
Krot, A.N.Garanin, V.K., Krot, A.N., Kudryavtseva, G.P.Evolution of Peridotitic and Eclogitic Magmas in Kimberlitepipes.Geol. Rudn. Mest., Vol. 25, No. 4, PP. 14-28.RussiaKimberlite, Petrology, Geochemistry
DS1984-0291
1984
Krot, A.N.Garanin, V.K., Krot, A.N., Kudryavtseva, G.P.The Evolution of Peridotite and Eclogite Magmas in Kimberlite Pipes.International Geology Review, Vol. 26, No. 1, PP. 82-97.RussiaGenesis
DS1985-0075
1985
Krot, A.N.Botkunov, A.I., Garanin, V.K., Krot, A.N., et al.Primary Hydrocarbon Inclusions in Garnets from the Mir and Sputnik Kimberlite Pipes.Doklady Academy of Sciences AKAD. NAUK SSSR., Vol. 280, No. 2, PP. 468-472.RussiaBlank
DS1986-0093
1986
Krot, A.N.Botkunov, A.I., Garanin, V.K., Ivanova, T.N., Krot, A.N., KudryavtsevaOptical and colorimetric spectroscopic characteristics of garnets withNov. Dann. O Minetal. Moskva, (Russian), No. 33, pp. 120-129RussiaMineralogy, Garnet
DS1986-0094
1986
Krot, A.N.Botkunov, A.I., Garanin, V.K., Krot, A.N., Kudryavtseva, G.P., MatsyukPrimary hydrocarbon inclusions in garnets from the Mir and Sputnikkimberlite pipesDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section, Vol. 280, No. 1-6, October pp. 136-141RussiaMineralogy, Garnet
DS1986-0261
1986
Krot, A.N.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Krot, A.N.Role of sulfides in the evolution of mantle rocks of basic and ultrabasiccomposition and in the emergence of kimberlitebodiesProceedings of the Fourth International Kimberlite Conference, Held Perth, Australia, No. 16, pp. 178-180RussiaBlank
DS1987-0068
1987
Krot, A.N.Botkunov, A.I., Garanin, V.K., Krot, A.N., Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garnet mineral inclusions in kimberlites of Yakutia,their genetic and practical importance.(Russian)Geol. Rudyn. Mestoroz., (Russian), Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 15-29Russia, Anabar shieldMineral inclusions, Petrology
DS1987-0069
1987
Krot, A.N.Botkunov, A.I., Garanin, V.K., Krot, A.N., Kuryavtseva, G.P.Mineral inclusions in garnets from Yakutian kimberlites and their genetic and practical significance.*rusGeol. Rudn. Mestorozhd. *rus, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 15-29RussiaMineralogy
DS1990-0889
1990
Krot, A.N.Krot, A.N.Origin of garnets with regularly disposed gyrocarbon silicate and oxide inclusions from kimberlite Mir pipeInternational Mineralogical Association Meeting Held June, 1990 Beijing China, Vol. 1, extended abstract p. 58RussiaMineralogy -garnets, Kimberlite -Mir
DS1993-0859
1993
Krot, A.N.Krot, A.N., Poskukojovsky, T.V., Guseva, E.V., Galimov, E.M., Botkunov, A.I. et.Genesis of the garnets containing hydrocarbon inclusions (Mir kimberlitepipe). (Russian)Geochemistry International (Geokhimiya), (Russian), No. 6, June pp. 891-899RussiaGeochemistry -garnets, Deposit -Mir
DS1994-0955
1994
Krot, A.N.Krot, A.N., Posukhova, Ye.V., Guseva, E.M., et al.Origin of garnets containing hydrocarbon inclusions in the Mir kimberlitepipe.Geochemistry International, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 122-130.Russia, YakutiaDiamond morphology, Deposit -Mir
DS201809-2001
2018
Krot, A.N.Brenker, F.E., Koch, T.E., Prior, D.J., Lilly, K., Krot, A.N., Bizzarro, M., Frost, D.Fe rich Ferropericlase in super deep diamonds and the stability of high FeO wadsleyite. Implications on the composition and temperature of the Earth's transition zone.Goldschmidt Conference, 1p. AbstractMantlediamond inclusions

Abstract: The high amount of Fe-rich ferropericlase inclusions found in diamonds of a potential super-deep origin questions the bulk chemical model of the Earth [e.g., 1]. Although this might be due to a biased sampling of the lower mantle, it is worth to further address this discrepancy. A limiting factor of the Fe-content of the Earth´s deep mantle (TZ and lower mantle) is a correlation of the depths of the observed main mantle discontinuities with the (Fe,Mg)SiO4 phase diagram. In particular, the 520 kmdiscontinuity is related to the phase transformation of wadsleyite (assuming Fa10) to ringwoodite. The existing phase diagrams suggest a stability limit of wadsleyite ?Fa40 [e.g., 2,3], which limits the Fe-content of the Earth´s transition zone. Here we report on a discovery of Fe-rich wadsleyite grains (up to Fa56) in the high-pressure silicate melt droplets within Fe,Ni-metal in shock veins of the CB (Bencubbin-like) metal-rich carbonaceous chondrite QC 001 [4], which were identified using HR-EDX, nano-EBSD and TEM. Although the existence of such Fe-rich wadsleyite in shock veins may be due to the kinetic reasons, new theoretical and experimental studies of the stability of (Fe,Mg)SiO4 at high temperature (> 1800 K) are clearly needed. This may have significant impact on the temperature and chemical estimates of the Earth´s transition zone.
DS2000-0540
2000
Krotkov, V.V.Krotkov, V.V.A new approach to the exploration of diamond deposits by large diameter boreholes.Doklady Academy of Sciences, Vol. 373A, No. 6, Aug-Sept. pp.930-2.RussiaDiamond - exploration, drilling, sampling
DS1992-0896
1992
Kroto, H.W.Kroto, H.W.Carbon onions introduce new flavour to fullerene studiesNature, Vol. 359, No. 6397, October 22, p. 670GlobalFullerene, Carbon
DS2000-0754
2000
Krotov, A.V.Perchuk, L.L., Gerya, T.V., Krotov, A.V.P-T paths and tectonic evolution of shear zones separating high grade terrains from cratons:Min. Petrol., Vol. 69, No. 1-2, pp. 109-42.South Africa, Russia, Kola PeninsulaHigh grade terrains - comparison, Tectonics - Kola and Limpopo
DS201811-2569
2018
Krotova, M.D.Ekimov, E.A., Sidorov, V.A., Maslakov, K.I., Sirotinkin, B.P., Krotova, M.D., Pleskov, Yu.V.Influence of growth medium composition on the incorporation of boron in HPHT diamond.Diamond & Related Materials, Vol. 89, pp. 101-107.Mantleboron

Abstract: Influence of growth medium composition on the efficiency of boron doping of carbonado-like diamond at 8-9 GPa was studied by diluting the C-B growth system with metallic solvents of carbon, Co and Ni. Addition of these metals to the original system leads to a decrease in the synthesis temperature, degree of doping with boron and suppression of superconductivity in diamond. According to XPS analysis, content of substitutional boron is equal to 0.07, 0.16 and 0.39 at.% in diamonds obtained in Co-C-B, Ni-C-B and C-B growth systems, respectively. Metallic behavior at normal temperatures and superconductivity below 5 K in diamond, synthesized in C-B system, change to semiconducting character of conductivity down to 2 K in diamonds obtained in the diluted systems; a faint hint of superconducting transition at 2 K was detected in the case of diamond grown in Ni-C-B system. By comparing phase composition of the inclusions and the doping efficiency of the diamonds, we are able to suggest that high chemical affinity of boron to boride-forming metals hinders the boron doping of diamond. The heavily boron-doped carbonado-like diamond compacts demonstrate high electrochemical activity in aqueous solutions and can be used as miniature electrodes in electrosynthesis and electroanalysis.
DS201812-2805
2018
Krotova, M.D.Ekimov, E.A., Sidorov, V.A., Maslakov, K.I., Sirotinkin, B.P., Krotova, M.D., Pleskov, Yu.V.Influence of growth medium composition on the incorporation of boron in HPHT diamond.Diamond & Related Materials, Vol. 89, pp. 101-107.Mantlecarbonado
DS1975-0266
1976
Krough, T.E.Davis, G.L., Krough, T.E.The Ages of Zircons from South African Kimberlite PipesEos, Vol. 57, No. 4, P. 356. (abstract.).South AfricaGeochronology
DS1975-0267
1976
Krough, T.E.Davis, G.L., Krough, T.E., Erlank, A.J.The Ages of Zircons from Kimberlites of South AfricaCarnegie Institute Yearbook, FOR 1975, PP. 821-824.South AfricaGeochronology
DS1998-0159
1998
Krouse, G.R.Bratus, M.D., Zinchuk, N.N., Krouse, G.R., Vityk, M.O.Crystallization conditions and sulfur, carbon and oxygen isotopic systematics of sulfide calcite AssociationGeochemistry International, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 222-228.Russia, YakutiaGeology, diamond morphology, fluid inclusions, Deposit - Udachnaya, Geochronology
DS1970-0367
1971
Krouse, H.R.Mitchell, R.H., Krouse, H.R.Isotopic Composition of Sulphur in Carbonatite at Mountain Pass, California.Nature., Vol. 231, P. 182.United States, California, West CoastRelated Rocks
DS1975-0144
1975
Krouse, H.R.Mitchell, R.H., Krouse, H.R.Sulphur Isotope Geochemistry of CarbonatitesGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta ., Vol. 39, PP. 1505-1513.GlobalBlank
DS1997-0448
1997
Krouse, R.Grinenko, L.N., Lightfoot, P., Krouse, R.Unusual isotopic composition and concentration of carbon in West Greenland mafic volcanicsGeochemistry International, Vol. 34, No. 11, Nov. pp. 958-967GreenlandVolcanics, Geochronology
DS201112-0555
2011
Krovolutskaya, N.Krovolutskaya, N., Bryanchaninova, N.Olivines of igneous rocks.Russian Journal of General Chemistry, Vol. 81, 6, pp. 1302-1314.TechnologyOlivine, petrology
DS1987-0382
1987
Krs, M.Krs, M., Pondaga, M.M., Savary, B.P.Geophysical investigation of the ring structure at Zanzui, NorthernTanzaniaPhysics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol.45, pp. 294-303TanzaniaGeophysics, Structure
DS202203-0354
2022
Krstulovic, M.Krstulovic, M., Rosa, A.D., Sanchez, D.F., Libon, L., Albers. C., Merkulova, M., Grolimund, D., Irifune, T., Wilke, M.Effect of temperature on the densification of silicate melts to lower Earth's mantle.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiora, 13p. PdfMantlemelting

Abstract: Physical properties of silicate melts play a key role for global planetary dynamics, controlling for example volcanic eruption styles, mantle convection and elemental cycling in the deep Earth. They are significantly modified by structural changes at the atomic scale due to external parameters such as pressure and temperature or due to chemistry. Structural rearrangements such as 4- to 6-fold coordination change of Si with increasing depth may profoundly influence melt properties, but have so far mostly been studied at ambient temperature due to experimental difficulties. In order to investigate the structural properties of silicate melts and their densification mechanisms at conditions relevant to the deep Earth's interior, we studied haplo basaltic glasses and melts (albite-diopside composition) at high pressure and temperature conditions in resistively and laser-heated diamond anvil cells using X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. Samples were doped with 10 wt of Ge, which is accessible with this experimental technique and which commonly serves as a structural analogue for the network forming cation Si. We acquired spectra on the Ge K edge up to 48 GPa and 5000 K and derived the average Ge-O coordination number , and bond distance as functions of pressure. Our results demonstrate a continuous transformation from tetrahedral to octahedral coordination between ca. 5 and 30 GPa at ambient temperature. Above 1600 K the data reveal a reduction of the pressure needed to complete conversion to octahedral coordination by ca. 30 . The results allow us to determine the influence of temperature on the Si coordination number changes in natural melts in the Earth's interior. We propose that the complete transition to octahedral coordination in basaltic melts is reached at about 40 GPa, corresponding to a depth of ca. 1200 km in the uppermost lower mantle. At the core-mantle boundary (2900 km, 130 GPa, 3000 K) the existence of non-buoyant melts has been proposed to explain observed low seismic wave velocity features. Our results highlight that the melt composition can affect the melt density at such extreme conditions and may strongly influence the structural response.
DS201809-2043
2018
Kruachanta, M.Ivarsson, M., Skogby, H., Bengtson, S., Siljestrom, S., Ounchanum, P., Boonsoong, A., Kruachanta, M., Marone, F., Belivanova, V., Holstrom, S.Intricate tunnels in garnets from soils and river sediments in Thailand - possible endolithic microborings.PluS One, Vol. 13, 8, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0200351Asia, Thailandgarnets

Abstract: Garnets from disparate geographical environments and origins such as oxidized soils and river sediments in Thailand host intricate systems of microsized tunnels that significantly decrease the quality and value of the garnets as gems. The origin of such tunneling has previously been attributed to abiotic processes. Here we present physical and chemical remains of endolithic microorganisms within the tunnels and discuss a probable biological origin of the tunnels. Extensive investigations with synchrotron-radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) reveal morphological indications of biogenicity that further support a euendolithic interpretation. We suggest that the production of the tunnels was initiated by a combination of abiotic and biological processes, and that at later stages biological processes came to dominate. In environments such as river sediments and oxidized soils garnets are among the few remaining sources of bio-available Fe2+, thus it is likely that microbially mediated boring of the garnets has trophic reasons. Whatever the reason for garnet boring, the tunnel system represents a new endolithic habitat in a hard silicate mineral otherwise known to be resistant to abrasion and chemical attack.
DS1995-1028
1995
Kruchkov, A.I.Kruchkov, A.I., Kharkiv, A.D., Rogovoi, V.V.Dynamic effect of traps on kimberlites: identification of kimberliteklippen.Proceedings of the Sixth International Kimberlite Conference Abstracts, pp. 305-306.Russia, YakutiaKlippen -blocks of kimberlite, Deposit -Pdtrappovaya, Jubilee, Alakit
DS1995-0996
1995
Kruchkov etalKoptil, V.I., Banzeruk, V.I., Zinchuk, N.N., Kruchkov etalTypomorphism of diamonds from kimberlite bodies and placers of the Yakutian diamondiferous province.Proceedings of the Sixth International Kimberlite Conference Abstracts, pp. 287-288.Russia, YakutiaDiamond morphology, Alluvials
DS202107-1108
2021
Krueger, H.E.Krueger, H.E., Gama, I., Fischer, K.M.Global patterns in cratonic mid-lithospheric discontinuities from Sp receiver functions. ( shield)Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosytems, 19p. PdfCanada, Ontariogeophysics - seismics

Abstract: We investigate the structure of the continental lithosphere (tectonic plate) in regions that have had negligible tectonic activity, such as mountain building, for the past 500 million years. The internal structure of the lithosphere in these regions can be indicative of the ancient processes that first formed continents. Due to challenges in methodology, layering within the upper 150 km of the continental lithosphere is poorly understood. We carefully process earthquake data to avoid problems that previous studies encountered. We observe layering in 50% of the ancient continental regions. Most of this layering can be explained by the presence of minerals that have lower seismic velocities than the surrounding rock because they have been altered by fluids during the formation of the continent. In regions closer to more recent tectonic activity, some layering has stronger seismic velocity decreases, indicating the effects of more recent alteration. We also find that layering is more prevalent in the continental regions that last experienced tectonic activity no later than 1.6 billion years ago. This corresponds with a global transition in the depth to which the subducting lithosphere carries fluids into the mantle, indicating that subduction has a key role in generating layering in the ancient continental lithosphere.
DS1989-1577
1989
Krueger, R.A.Walton, K.R., Dismukes, J.P., Krueger, R.A., Field, F.R. III, ClarkTechnology assessment for CVD-diamond-coated cutting tool insertsMaterials and Society, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 319-350GlobalDiamond synthesis, CVD -overview/good refs
DS1992-0897
1992
Krug, E.C.Krug, E.C.Acid rain: an example of environmental epistemologyMining Engineering, Vol. 44, No. 12, December pp. 1431-1434GlobalEnvironment, Acid rain
DS1995-1029
1995
Krug, H-J.Krug, H-J., et al.The formation and fragmentation of periodic bands through precipitation and Ostwald ripeningFractal Distribution, pp. 269-282GlobalLithosphere, Liesegang-ring formation
DS1995-1030
1995
Krug, M.A.Krug, M.A.Kimberlite-diamond explorationRhodes University, MSc. thesisGlobalKimberlites, Thesis
DS201609-1711
2010
Krug, M.A.Chinn, I.L., Krug, M.A., Minnie, W.P., Rikhotso, C.T.Decoding the diamonds from the AK6 kimberlite.The 4th Colloquium on Diamonds - source to use held Gabarone March 1-3, 2010, 8p.Africa, BotswanaDeposit - AK6

Abstract: The AK6 kimberlite is situated 25 km south of the Debswana Orapa Mine in Botswana and was discovered by De Beers geologists in 1969 during the follow-up of geophysical targets in the Orapa area. The kimberlite was not extensively pursued at the time as the initial bulk sampling indicated it to be of limited size and low grade, factors largely contributed to by the basalt breccia capping. Completion of high resolution integrated geophysical techniques and drill bulk sampling to depth recovered 97 tons of kimberlite during 2003 and 2004, which led to the increased size and grade estimates. Bulk sampling by Large Diameter Drilling (LDD, 23 inch diameter) commenced in 2005; 13 holes were drilled to a cumulative depth of 3,699 m and 689 carats of diamonds were recovered. In July 2006 the De Beers Mineral Resource Classification Committee classified these Phase I LOO results at a High Inferred level with an average grade of 24 carats per hundred tonnes (cpht) at a bottom cut-off of +1 mm, and a modeled average diamond value of 150 dollars per carat. A second phase of LDO drilling was initiated in 2006, and bulk sampling by trenching commenced in 2007 in order to deliver a resource estimate at indicated level. An Indicated Resource of 11.1 million carats at an average grade of 22 cpht was declared for the deposit mining lease application lodged in 2007.
DS201605-0858
2016
Krugel, W.Krugel, W., Motsumi, K.Letlhakane legacy - concept becomes reality.Diamonds Still Sparkling SAIMM 2016 Conference, Mar. 14-17, pp. 159-166.Africa, BotswanaDeposit - Letlhakane
DS2001-0726
2001
KrugerManhica, A.S.T.D., Grantham, Armstrong, Guise, KrugerPolyphase deformation and metamorphism at the Kalahari Craton - Mozambique Belt boundary.Geological Society of London, Special Publication, Special Paper 184, pp. 303-22.South Africa, MozambiqueMetamorphism, Craton
DS1996-0759
1996
Kruger, D.Kley, J., Gangui, A.H., Kruger, D.Basement involved blind thrusting in the eastern Cordillera Oriental:evidence from cross sect. balanceTectonophysics, Vol. 259, No. 1-3, June 30, pp. 171-184BoliviaGeophysics -magnetotellurics, gravity, Tectonics
DS1995-1031
1995
Kruger, F.Kruger, F., Weber, M., Scherbaum, F., Schkittenhardt, J.Evidence for normal and in homogeneous lowermost mantle and core mantle boundary structure under Arctic /CanadaGeophysical Journal of International, Vol. 122, No. 2, August pp. 637-657.Arctic, Northwest TerritoriesMantle, Core
DS2002-0901
2002
Kruger, F.Kruger, F., Scherbaum, F., Rosa, J.W.C., Kind, R., Zetsche, F., Hohne, J.Crustal and upper mantle structure in the Amazon region ( Brasil) determined with broadband mobile stations.Journal of Geophysical Research, Oct. 29, 10.1029/2001JB000598.BrazilGeophysics - seismics, Tectonics
DS2002-0902
2002
Kruger, F.Kruger, F., Scherbaum, F., Rosa, J.W.C., Kind, R., Zetsche, F., Hohne, J.Crustal and upper mantle structure in the Amazon region ( Brazil) determined with broadband mobile stations.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 107, 10, ETE 17 DOI 10.1029/2001JB000598BrazilGeophysics - seismics, Tectonics
DS1975-0787
1978
Kruger, F.J.Kruger, F.J.A Contribution to the Petrology of KimberlitesMsc. Thesis, Rhodes University, 124P.South Africa, LesothoPetrography, Xenoliths, De Beers, Letseng la Terae
DS1980-0201
1980
Kruger, F.J.Kruger, F.J.The Occurrence of Cebollite in Kimberlite and Included Zeolitized Crustal Xenoliths.Mineralogical Magazine., Vol. 43, No. 329, MARCH, PP. 583-586.LesothoMineral Chemistry
DS1982-0352
1982
Kruger, F.J.Kruger, F.J.The Occurrence of Cebollite in Kimberlite and Included Zeolitized Crustal Xenoliths- a Correction and Discussion of The occurrence of Pectolite.Mineralogical Magazine., Vol. 46, No. 339, PP. 274-275.South Africa, LesothoKimberlite, Microprobe, Chemistry, De Beers, Letseng la Terae
DS1991-0404
1991
Kruger, F.J.Duane, M.J., Kruger, F.J.Geochronological evidence for tectonically driven brine migration During the early Proterozoic Rheis orogeny of southern AfricaGeophysical Research Letters, Vol. 18, No. 5, May pp. 975-978Southern AfricaGeochronology, Brine
DS2000-0145
2000
Kruger, F.J.Cawthorn, R.G., Harris, C., Kruger, F.J.Discordant ultramafic pegmatoidal pipes in the Bushveld ComplexContributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 140, No. 1, pp.119-39.South AfricaUltramafic - pipes, Bushveld Complex
DS201012-0248
2010
Kruger, F.J.Grantham, G.H., Manhica, A.D.S.T., Armstrong, R.A., Kruger, F.J., Loubser, M.New SHRIMP, Rb/Sr and Sm/Nd isotope and whole rock chemical dat a from central Mozambique and western Dronning Maud Land: implications for eastern KalahariJournal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 59, 1, pp.74-100.Africa, Mozambique, AntarcticaCraton, amalgamation of Gondwana
DS201112-0556
2011
Kruger, J.C.Kruger, J.C., Romer, R.L., Kampf, H.Late Cretaceous alnoite from the Delitzsch carbonatite - ultramafic complex.Goldschmidt Conference 2011, abstract p.1243.Europe, GermanyAlnoite, carbonatite
DS201312-0518
2013
Kruger, J.C.Kruger, J.C., Romer, R.L., Kampf, H.Late Cretaceous ultramafic lamprophyres and carbonatites from the Delitzsch Complex, Germany.Chemical Geology, Vol. 353, pp. 140-150.Europe, GermanyCarbonatite
DS1982-0320
1982
Kruger, J.M.Keller, G.R., Kruger, J.M., Schneider, R.V., Aiken, C.L.V., Lai.Regional Geophysical Studies of the Southern Oklahoma Aulocogen and Ouachita SystemGeological Society of America (GSA), Vol. 14, No. 3, P. 115, (abstract.).OklahomaMid-continent, Geophysics
DS1984-0398
1984
Kruger, J.M.Keller, G.R., Kruger, J.M., Peeples, W.J.The Regional Geophysical and Tectonic Setting of the Ouachita SystemGeological Society of America (GSA), Vol. 16, No. 2, FEBRUARY P. 88. (abstract.).GlobalMid-continent
DS1984-0435
1984
Kruger, J.M.Kruger, J.M., Keller, G.R.Gravity Anomalies in the Ouachita Mountains AreaGeological Society of America (GSA), Vol. 16, No. 2, FEBRUARY P. 105. (abstract.).GlobalMid-continent
DS1997-0638
1997
Kruger, J.M.Kruger, J.M., Martinez, A., Berendsen, P.Use of high resolution ground penetration radar in kimberlite delineationMining Engineering, Vol. 49, No. 11, Nov. pp. 73-79.GlobalGeophysics - Radar GPR., Deposit - Randolph 2
DS1998-0810
1998
Kruger, J.M.Kruger, J.M.Evidence from gravity and magnetic dat a for diffuse extension along the southern termination MidcontinentGeological Society of America (GSA) Annual Meeting, abstract. only, p.A110.GlobalTectonics, Mid continent Rift
DS201710-2236
2017
Kruger, K.Kruger, K., Maphane, K.Desert Gems: Bostwana's major mines. Orapa, Letlhakane and Damtshaa mines.11th International Kimberlite Field Trip Guide, Sept. 23p. PdfAfrica, Botswanadeposit - Orapa, Letlhakane, Damtshaa
DS200612-0946
2006
Kruger, S.J.Morkel, J., Kruger, S.J., Vermaak, M.K.G.Characterization of clay mineral fractions in tuffisitic kimberlite breccias by x-ray diffraction.South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Vol. 106, 6, pp. 397-406.Africa, South AfricaPetrology
DS200712-0582
2007
Kruger, T.Kruger, T.The impact of BEE lesgislation on mining investment in South Africa.Mineweb, pp.22,23,24.Africa, South AfricaNews item - legal
DS1996-0790
1996
Krugh, K.A.Krugh, K.A.Post Cheyenne belt thermotectonism of eastern margin of the Wyoming Province - Hartville Uplift, southeast WyomingGeological Society of America, Abstracts, Vol. 28, No. 7, p. A-315.WyomingTectonics, Hartville Uplift
DS201212-0684
2012
Kruk, A.Sokol, A.G., Kupriyanov, I., Palyanov, Yu., Kruk, A.Water activity in kimberlite magmas: constrains from melting experiments at 6.3 Gpa.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Held Bangalore India Feb. 6-11, Poster abstractRussiaDeposit - Udachnaya
DS202205-0697
2022
Kruk, A.Kruk, A., Sokol, A.Role of volatiles in the evolution of a carbonatitic melt in peridotitic mantle: experimental constraints at 6.3 Gpa and 1200-1450C. Minerals ( MDPI), Vol. 12, 466 20p. PdfMantlecarbonatite

Abstract: Reconstruction of the mechanisms of carbonatitic melt evolution is extremely important for understanding metasomatic processes at the base of the continental lithospheric mantle (CLM). We have studied the interaction between garnet lherzolite and a carbonatitic melt rich in molecular CO2 and H2O in experiments at 6.3 GPa and 1200-1450 °C. The interaction with garnet lherzolite and H2O-bearing carbonatite melt leads to wehrlitization of lherzolite, without its carbonation. Introduction of molecular CO2 and H2O initiates carbonation of olivine and clinopyroxene with the formation of orthopyroxene and magnesite. Partial carbonation leads to the formation of carbonate-silicate melts that are multiphase saturated with garnet harzburgite. Upon complete carbonation of olivine already at 1200 °C, melts with 27-31 wt% SiO2 and MgO/CaO ? 1 are formed. At 1350-1450 °C, the interaction leads to an increase in the melt fraction and the MgO/CaO ratio to 2-4 and a decrease in the SiO2 concentration. Thus, at conditions of a thermally undisturbed CLM base, molecular CO2 and H2O dissolved in metasomatic agents, due to local carbonation of peridotite, can provide the evolution of agent composition from carbonatitic to hydrous silicic, i.e., similar to the trends reconstructed for diamond-forming high density fluids (HDFs) and genetically related proto-kimberlite melts.
DS201212-0685
2013
Kruk, A.N.Sokol, A.G., Kupriyanov, I.N., Palyanov, Y.N., Kruk, A.N., Sobolev, N.V.Melting experiments on the Udachnaya kimberlite at 6.3-7.5 Gpa: implications for the role of H2O in magma generation and formation of hydrous olivine.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 101, pp. 133-155.RussiaDeposit - Udachnaya
DS201212-0686
2012
Kruk, A.N.Sokol, A.G., Kupriyanov, I.N., Palyanov, Yu.N., Kruk, A.N., Sobolev, N.V.Melting experiments on the Udachnaya kimberlite at 6.3-7.5 Gpa: implications for the role of H2O in magma generation and formation of hydrous olivine.emc2012 @ uni-frankfurt.de, 1p. AbstractRussiaDeposit - Udachnaya
DS201312-0864
2013
Kruk, A.N.Sokol,A.G.,Kupriyanov, I.N., Palyanov, Y.N., Kruk, A.N., Sobolev, N.V.Melting experiments in the Udachnaya kimberlite at 6.3-7.5 Gpa: implications for the role of H2O in magma generation and formation of hydrous olivine.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 101, Jn. 15, pp. 133-155.RussiaDeposit - Udachnaya
DS201502-0089
2015
Kruk, A.N.Palyanov, Y.U., Sokol, A.G., Khokhryakov, A.F., Kruk, A.N.Conditions of diamond crystallization in kimberlite melt: experimental data.Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 56, 1-2, pp. 196-210.TechnologyDiamond morphology
DS201502-0105
2015
Kruk, A.N.Sokol, A.G., Kruk, A.N.Conditions of kimberlite magma generation: experimental constraints.Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 56, 1, pp. 245-259.MantleKimberlite genesis
DS201509-0428
2015
Kruk, A.N.Sokol, A.G., Kruk, A.N., Chebotarev, D.A., Palyanov, Yu.N., Sobolev, N.V.The composition of garnet as an indicator of the conditions of peridotite-carbonatite interaction in the subcratonic lithosphere ( Experimental data).Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 463, 1, pp. 746-750.MantleGarnet, carbonatite

Abstract: The article focuses on the study of composition of garnets of the lherzolitic and harzburgitic parageneses and the conditions of peridotite. As per the study, reconstruction of the conditions of metasomatism of peridotitic sources of kimberlite is possible in the evolution of garnet. It mentions the importance of dry and hydrous carbonatitic melt upon alteration of peridotitic sources of kimberlite as it acted as an another heat source.
DS201602-0240
2016
Kruk, A.N.Sokol, A.G., Kruk, A.N., Chebotarev, D.A., Palynaov, Yu.N., Sobolev, N.V.Conditions of carbonation and wehrlitization of lithospheric peridotite upon interaction with carbonatitic melts.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 465, 2, pp. 1262-1267.RussiaDeposit - Udachnaya

Abstract: Study of the mechanism of carbonation and wehrlitization of harzburgite upon metasomatism by carbonatitic melts of various genesis was carried out. Experiments with durations of 60-150 h were performed at 6.3 GPa and 1200°C. The data showed that carbonatite with MgO/CaO > 0.3 percolating into the peridotitic lithosphere may provide crystallization of magnesite in it. The influence of all studied carbonatites results in wehrlitization of peridotite. The compositions of melts formed by interaction with harzburgite (?2 wt % SiO2, Ca# = 36-47) practically do not depend on the composition of the initial carbonatite. Based on the data obtained, we conclude that the formation of magnesite-bearing and magnesite-free metasomatized peridotites may have a significant influence on the CO2 regime in the further generation of kimberlitic magmas of groups I and II.
DS201604-0630
2016
Kruk, A.N.Sokol, A.G., Kruk, A.N., Chebotarev, D.A., Palyanov, Y.N.Carbonatite melt-peridotite interaction at 5.5- 7.0 Gpa: implications for metasomatism in lithospheric mantle. KimberliteLithos, Vol. 248-251, pp. 66-79.MantleMetasomatism

Abstract: Interaction between carbonatite melt and peridotite is studied experimentally by melting samples of interlayered peridotite-carbonatite-peridotite in graphite containers at 1200-1350 °C and 5.5-7.0 GPa in a split-sphere multianvil apparatus. Starting compositions are lherzolite and harzburgite, as well as carbonatite which may form in the upper part of a slab or in a plume-related source. Most experimental runs were of 150 h duration in order for equilibrium to be achieved. The interaction produced carbonatitic melts with low SiO2 (? 7 wt.%) and high alkalis. At 1200 °C, melt-peridotite interaction occurs through Mg-Ca exchange, resulting in elimination of orthopyroxene and crystallization of magnesite and clinopyroxene. At 1350 °C hybridization of the carbonatite and magnesite-bearing peridotite melts occurred with consumption of clinopyroxene and magnesite, and crystallization of orthopyroxene at MgO/CaO ? 4.3. The resulting peridotite-saturated melt has Ca# (37-50) depending on primary carbonatite composition. Compositions of silicate phases are similar to those of high-temperature peridotite but are different from megacrysts in kimberlites. CaO and Cr2O3 changes in garnet produced from the melt-harzburgite interaction at 1200 and 1350 °C perfectly match the observed trend in garnet from metasomatized peridotite of the Siberian subcontinental lithospheric mantle. K-rich carbonatite melts equilibrated with peridotite at 5.5-7.0 GPa and 1200-1350 °C correspond to high-Mg inclusions in fibrous diamond. Carbonatite melt is a weak solvent of entrained xenoliths and therefore cannot produce kimberlitic magma if temperatures are ~ 1350 °C on separation from the lithospheric peridotite source and ~ 1000 °C on eruption.
DS201606-1101
2016
Kruk, A.N.Kruk, A.N., Sokol, A.G., Chebotarev, D.A., Palyanov, Yu.A., Sobolev, N.V.Composition of a carbonatitic melt in equilibrium with lherzolite at 5.5-6.3 Gpa and 1350C.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 467, 1, pp. 303-307.Carbonatite

Abstract: Generation of ultra-alkaline melts by the interaction of lherzolite with cardonatites of various genesis was simulated at the P-T parameters typical of the base of the subcratonic lithosphere. Experiments with a duration of 150 h were performed at 5.5 and 6.3 GPa and 1350°C. The concentrations of CaO and MgO in melts are buffered by the phases of peridotite, and the concentrations of alkalis and FeO depend on the composition of the starting carbonatite. Melts are characterized by a low (<7 wt %) concentration of SiO2 and Ca# from 0.40 to 0.47. It is demonstrated that only high-Mg groups of carbonatitic inclusions in fibrous diamonds have a composition close to that of carbonatitic melts in equilibrium with lherzolite. Most likely, the formation of kimberlite-like melts relatively enriched in SiO2 requires an additional source of heat from mantle plumes and probably H2O fluid.
DS201705-0876
2017
Kruk, A.N.Sokol, A.G., Kruk, A.N., Palynov, Y.N., Sobolev, N.V.Stability of phlogopite in ultrapotassic kimberlite-like systems at 5.5-7.5 Gpa.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, in press available 22p.MantleMetasomatism, magmatism, carbonatite

Abstract: Hydrous K-rich kimberlite-like systems are studied experimentally at 5.5-7.5 GPa and 1200-1450 °C in terms of phase relations and conditions for formation and stability of phlogopite. The starting samples are phlogopite-carbonatite-phlogopite sandwiches and harzburgite-carbonatite mixtures consisting of Ol + Grt + Cpx + L (±Opx), according to the previous experimental results obtained at the same P-T parameters but in water-free systems. Carbonatite is represented by a K- and Ca-rich composition that may form at the top of a slab. In the presence of carbonatitic melt, phlogopite can partly melt in a peritectic reaction at 5.5 GPa and 1200-1350 °C, as well as at 6.3-7.0 GPa and 1200 °C: 2Phl + CaCO3 (L)?Cpx + Ol + Grt + K2CO3 (L) + 2H2O (L). Synthesis of phlogopite at 5.5 GPa and 1200-1350 °C, with an initial mixture of H2O-bearing harzburgite and carbonatite, demonstrates experimentally that equilibrium in this reaction can be shifted from right to left. Therefore, phlogopite can equilibrate with ultrapotassic carbonate-silicate melts in a ? 150 °C region between 1200 and 1350 °C at 5.5 GPa. On the other hand, it can exist but cannot nucleate spontaneously and crystallize in the presence of such melts in quite a large pressure range in experiments at 6.3-7.0 GPa and 1200 °C. Thus, phlogopite can result from metasomatism of peridotite at the base of continental lithospheric mantle (CLM) by ultrapotassic carbonatite agents at depths shallower than 180-195 km, which creates a mechanism of water retaining in CLM. Kimberlite formation can begin at 5.5 GPa and 1350 °C in a phlogopite-bearing peridotite source generating a hydrous carbonate-silicate melt with 10-15 wt% SiO2, Ca# from 45 to 60, and high K enrichment. Upon further heating to 1450 °C due to the effect of a mantle plume at the CLM base, phlogopite disappears and a kimberlite-like melt forms with SiO2 to 20 wt% and Ca# = 35-40.
DS201812-2834
2018
Kruk, A.N.Kruk, A.N., Sokol, A.G., Palyanov, Yu.N.Phase relations in the harzburgite-hydrous carbonate melt at 5.5-7.5 Gpa and 1200-1350 C. ( primary kimberlite)Petrology, Vol. 26, 6, pp. 575-587.Mantlemetasomatism

Abstract: Phase relations are studied experimentally in the harzburgite-hydrous carbonate melt system, the bulk composition of which represents primary kimberlite. Experiments were carried out at 5.5 and 7.5 GPa, 1200-1350°?, and \({{X}_{{{\text{C}}{{{\text{O}}}_{2}}}}}\) = 0.39-0.57, and lasted 60 hours. It is established that olivine-orthopyroxene-garnet-magnesite-melt assemblage is stable within the entire range of the studied parameters. With increase of temperature and \({{X}_{{{\text{C}}{{{\text{O}}}_{2}}}}}\) in the system, Ca# in the melt and the olivine fraction in the peridotite matrix significantly decrease. The composition of silicate phases in run products is close to those of high-temperature mantle peridotite. Analysis of obtained data suggest that magnesite at the base of subcontinental lithosphere could be derived by metasomatic alteration of peridotite by asthenospheric hydrous carbonate melts. The process is possible in the temperature range typical of heat flux of 40-45 mW/m², which corresponds to the conditions of formation of the deepest peridotite xenoliths. Crystallization of magnesite during interaction with peridotite matrix can be considered as experimentally substantiated mechanism of CO2 accumulation in subcratonic lithosphere.
DS202103-0410
2021
Kruk, A.N.Sokol, A.G., Kruk, A.N.Role of CO2 in the evolution of kimberlite magma: experimental constraints at 5.5GPa and 1200-1450 C.Lithos, in press available, 13p. PdfGlobalmagmatism

Abstract: According to the existing models of kimberlite origin, free exsolution CO2 may be an important agent in the evolution of primary kimberlite magma and initiation of crack propagation. We study the reaction of garnet lherzolite with carbonatitic melt rich in molecular CO2 and H2O in experiments at 5.5 GPa and 1200-1450 °C. The experimental results show that carbonation of olivine with formation of orthopyroxene and magnesite can buffer the contents of molecular CO2 in the melt, which impedes immediate separation of CO2 fluid from melt equilibrated with the peridotite source. The solubility of molecular CO2 in the melt decreases from 20 -25 wt% at 4.5-6.8 wt% SiO2 typical of carbonatite to below 7-12 wt% in more silicic melts with 26-32 wt% SiO2. Interaction of garnet lherzolite with carbonatitic melt (at a weight proportion of 2:1) in the presence of 2-3 wt% H2O and 17-24 wt% of total CO2 at 1200-1450 °C yields low-SiO2 (<10 wt%) alkali?carbonated melts, which shows multiphase saturation with magnesite-bearing garnet harzburgite. Thus, carbonatitic melts rich in volatiles can originate in a harzburgite source at moderate temperatures common to continental lithospheric mantle (CLM). Excessive volatiles may be present in carbonatitic melts not equilibrated with the peridotitic source due to the formation of metasomatic reaction zones. Having separated from the source, carbonatitic magma enriched in molecular CO2 and H2O can rapidly become more silicic (>25 wt% SiO2) by dissolution and carbonation of entrapped peridotite. Furthermore, interaction of garnet lherzolite with carbonatitic melt rich in K, CO2, and H2O at 1350 °C produces immiscible carbonate-silicate and K-rich silicate melts. Quenched silicate melt develops globules of foam-like vesicular glass. Differentiation of immiscible melts early during their ascent may equalize the compositions of kimberlite magmas generated in different CLM sources. The fluid phase can release explosively from ascending magma at lower pressures as a result of SiO2 increase which reduces the solubility of CO2 and due to the decarbonation reaction of magnesite and orthopyroxene.
DS202105-0771
2021
Kruk, A.N.Khokhryakov, A., Kruk, A.N., Sokol, A.G.The effect of oxygen fugacity on diamond resorption in ascending kimberlite melt.Lithos, 10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106166, 12p.Russiadeposit - Udachnaya

Abstract: When transported by magmas to the Earth's surface, diamond crystals underwent resorption, the intensity of which significantly differed in various kimberlite pipes. We experimentally simulated diamond resorption at different oxygen fugacities (fO2) in ascending kimberlite magma enriched in CO2 and H2O. The experiments were carried out using specially prepared unaltered Group I kimberlite from the Udachnaya East pipe (Yakutia) and model carbonatite at 3.0 GPa, 1200-1400 °C, and fO2 in a range of NNO-2 to NNO + 3.2 log units (where NNO is Ni-NiO buffer). Over the investigated range of conditions, resorption of octahedral diamond crystals is found to occur according to a single scenario. Negative trigons and shield-shaped laminae develop on the {111} faces and crystal edges are truncated by the surfaces of tetrahexahedroids. The rate of diamond resorption increases in all studied systems as fO2 and temperature are raised. In this case, water-enriched melts are the most aggressive media in the investigated T-fO2 interval. Among the most oxidized high-temperature melts, it is carbonatite melts depleted in SiO2 that provide the maximum rate of diamond resorption. Furthermore, the rates of diamond resorption we obtained are an order of magnitude higher than those previously measured in silicate melts containing CO2 and H2O, at fO2 values from the NNO buffer to NNO-2. Therefore, high oxygen fugacity, a temperature of ~1400 °C, and essentially carbonate composition of water-containing magma could provide a high intensity of diamond resorption at the mantle stage of magma ascent to the surface. Apparently, this process primarily influenced the formation of the appearance and preservation of natural diamond crystals in kimberlite pipes.
DS202205-0695
2022
Kruk, A.N.Khokhryakov, A.F., Kruk, A.N., Sokol, A.G., Nechaev, D.V.Experimental modeling of diamond reportion during mantle metasomatism.Minerals ( MDPI), Vol. 12, 4, pp. 414-MantleMetasomatism

Abstract: The morphology of resorbed diamond crystals is a valuable source of information on the composition and ascent rate of kimberlite magmas, as well as on possible redox conditions in protolith. Previously, diamond resorption was thoroughly investigated at P-T-fO2 parameters of the kimberlite magma ascent. In this study, we investigated diamond resorption using unaltered group I kimberlite and model carbonatite at P-T-fO2 parameters that are typical of the peridotite source of kimberlite magmas in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. An analysis of previous studies made it possible to determine the rate of diamond octahedron transformation into a spherical tetrahexahedron depending on the composition of the carbonate-silicate melt. It was shown that the rate of diamond resorption at 6.3 GPa increases in all the investigated systems as fO2 and temperature rise. There is a steady decrease in the diamond resorption rate as pressure increases from 1 GPa to 6.3 GPa. The morphology comparison of the experimentally produced samples with natural diamonds is indicative of the significant contribution of metasomatic alteration of protolith by the oxidized agent and at the initial stages of kimberlite magma ascent to the resorption of natural diamonds.
DS202205-0719
2022
Kruk, A.N.Sokol, A.G., Kruk, A.N., Persikov, E.S.Dissolution of peridotite in a volatile-rich carbonate melt as a mechanism of the formation of kimberlite-like melts ( experimental constraints).Doklady Earth Science, Vol. 503, 2, pp. 157-163.Globalkimberlite magmatism

Abstract: In the experiments at 3.0-6.3 GPa and 1200-1350°C, it is found that under P-T parameters close to the conditions in ascending kimberlite magma, the carbonate melt enriched in potassium and volatiles is able to dissolve effectively the entire amount of xenogenic peridotite material that can potentially transport. As a result of this process, the melt is enriched in SiO2 (up to 30 wt %) and is transformed from carbonate to a kimberlite-like one. In the range of parameters studied, due to the high solubility of CO2 in the melt and the appearance of magnesite, an equilibrium fluid phase is not formed in the system. The interaction realized in the experiments may be the most important factor at the initial stage of magma evolution. The calculations performed in this work show that even after the dissolution of 30-50 wt % of lherzolite, the volatile-rich carbonate-silicate melt has a high degree of depolymerization (the ratio of the number of nonbridging oxygen atoms to the number of tetrahedrally coordinated ions (100NBO/T from 250 to 390) remains low-viscous (0.3-32.6 Pa s) and able to ascend to the surface rapidly. The obtained data indicate that immiscibility occurs between the potassium-rich carbonate-silicate and highly silicate melts only at 5.5 GPa and 1350°C and is likely to have a minor impact on the evolution of magma.
DS202107-1109
2021
Kruk, M.N.Kruk, M.N., Doroshkevich, A.G., Prokopyev, I.R., Izbrodin, I.A.Mineralogy of phoscorites of the Arbarastakh complex, Republic of Sakha, Yakutia, Russia).Minerals MDPI, Vol. 11, 556 24p. PdfRussia, Yakutiacarbonatite

Abstract: The Arbarastakh ultramafic carbonatite complex is located in the southwestern part of the Siberian Craton and contains ore-bearing carbonatites and phoscorites with Zr-Nb-REE mineralization. Based on the modal composition, textural features, and chemical compositions of minerals, the phoscorites from Arbarastakh can be subdivided into two groups: FOS 1 and FOS 2. FOS 1 contains the primary minerals olivine, magnetite with isomorphic Ti impurities, phlogopite replaced by tetraferriphlogopite along the rims, and apatite poorly enriched in REE. Baddeleyite predominates among the accessory minerals in FOS 1. Zirconolite enriched with REE and Nb and pyrochlore are found in smaller quantities. FOS 2 has a similar mineral composition but contains much less olivine, magnetite is enriched in Mg, and the phlogopite is enriched in Ba and Al. Of the accessory minerals, pyrochlore predominates and is enriched in Ta, Th, and U; baddeleyite is subordinate and enriched in Nb. Chemical and textural differences suggest that the phoscorites were formed by the sequential introduction of different portions of the melt. The melt that formed the FOS 1 was enriched in Zr and REE relative to the FOS 2 melt; the melt that formed the FOS 2 was enriched in Al, Ba, Nb, Ta, Th, U, and, to a lesser extent, Sr.
DS201509-0411
2015
Kruk, N.N.Krupchatnikov, V.I., Vrublevskii, V.V., Kruk, N.N.Early Mesozoic lamproites and monzonitoids of southeastern Gorny Altai: geochemistry, Sr-Nd isotope composition, and sources of melts.Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 56, pp. 825-843.RussiaChuya Complex

Abstract: Small intrusions of lamprophyres and lamproites (Chuya complex) and K-monzonitoids (Tarkhata and Terandzhik complexes) are widespread in southeastern Gorny Altai. Geochronological (U-Pb and Ar-Ar) isotope studies show their formation in the Early-Middle Triassic (~ 234-250 Ma). Lamproites have been revealed within two magmatic areas and correspond in geochemical parameters to the classical Mediterranean and Tibet orogenic lamproites. According to isotope data ((87Sr/86Sr)T = 0.70850-0.70891, (143Nd/144Nd)T = 0.512157-0.512196, 206Pb/204Pb = 17.95-18.05) and Th/La and Sm/La values, the Chuya lamproites and lamprophyres melted out from the enriched lithospheric mantle with the participation of DM, EM1, EM2, and SALATHO. The monzonitoid series of the Tarkhata and Terandzhik complexes are similar in petrographic and geochemical compositions but differ significantly in Sr-Nd isotope composition: The Tarkhata monzonitoids are close to the Chuya lamproites, whereas the Terandzhik ones show a higher portion of DM ((87Sr/86Sr)T = 0.70434-0.70497, (143Nd/144Nd)T = 0.512463-0.512487) in their source, which suggests its shallower depth of occurrence and the higher degree of its partial melting as compared with the derivates of the Chuya and Tarkhata complexes. The studied rock associations tentatively formed in the postcollisional setting under the impact of the Siberian superplume.
DS1992-0898
1992
Krum, G.L.Krum, G.L., Jones, T.A.Pitfalls, in computer contouringGeobyte, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 30-35GlobalComputer, Computer contouring
DS1992-0899
1992
Krumbein, W.E.Krumbein, W.E., Schehnhuber, H.J.Geophysiology of mineral deposits - a model for a biologically driving force of global changes through earth historyTerra Nova, Global Change Special Issue, Vol. 4, pp. 351-362GlobalGlobal Change, Mineral deposits
DS1991-0933
1991
Kruner, A.Kruner, A., Byerly, G.R., Lowe, D.R.Chronology of early Archean granite-greenstone evolution in the BarbertonMountainland, South Africa, based on precise dating by single zirconevaporationEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 103, No. 1/4, April pp. 41-54South AfricaGeochronology, Greenstone -granite
DS1859-0015
1785
Krunitz, J.G.Krunitz, J.G.Edelstein. #2In: Oekonomisch Technologische Encyklopadie Oder Allgemeines, PP. 61-110.GlobalGemology
DS200512-1155
2004
KrupchatnikovVrublevskii, V.V., Gertner, I.F., Polyakov, Izokh, Krupchatnikov, Travin, VoitenkoAr Ar isotopic age of lamproite dikes of the Chua Complex, Gornyi Altai.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 399A, 9, Nov-Dec. pp. 1252-55.RussiaLamproite
DS200412-2066
2004
Krupchatnikov, V.I.Vrublevskii, V.V., Zhuravlev, D.Z., Gertner, I.F., Krupchatnikov, V.I., Vladimirov, A.G., Rikhvanov, L.P.Sm Nd isotopic systematics of alkaline rocks and carbonatites from the Edelveis Complex, Northern Chuya Range, Gornyi Altai.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 397, 6, July-August pp. 870-874.RussiaGeochronology
DS200612-1496
2006
Krupchatnikov, V.I.Vrublevskii, V.V., Voitenko, N.N., Romanov, A.P., Polyakov, G.V., Izokh, A.E., Gertner, I.F., Krupchatnikov, V.I.Magma sources of Triassic lamproites of Gornyi Altai and Taimyr: Sr and Nd isotope evidence for plume lithosphere interaction.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 405A 9, pp. 1365-1367.RussiaLamproite
DS201509-0411
2015
Krupchatnikov, V.I.Krupchatnikov, V.I., Vrublevskii, V.V., Kruk, N.N.Early Mesozoic lamproites and monzonitoids of southeastern Gorny Altai: geochemistry, Sr-Nd isotope composition, and sources of melts.Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 56, pp. 825-843.RussiaChuya Complex

Abstract: Small intrusions of lamprophyres and lamproites (Chuya complex) and K-monzonitoids (Tarkhata and Terandzhik complexes) are widespread in southeastern Gorny Altai. Geochronological (U-Pb and Ar-Ar) isotope studies show their formation in the Early-Middle Triassic (~ 234-250 Ma). Lamproites have been revealed within two magmatic areas and correspond in geochemical parameters to the classical Mediterranean and Tibet orogenic lamproites. According to isotope data ((87Sr/86Sr)T = 0.70850-0.70891, (143Nd/144Nd)T = 0.512157-0.512196, 206Pb/204Pb = 17.95-18.05) and Th/La and Sm/La values, the Chuya lamproites and lamprophyres melted out from the enriched lithospheric mantle with the participation of DM, EM1, EM2, and SALATHO. The monzonitoid series of the Tarkhata and Terandzhik complexes are similar in petrographic and geochemical compositions but differ significantly in Sr-Nd isotope composition: The Tarkhata monzonitoids are close to the Chuya lamproites, whereas the Terandzhik ones show a higher portion of DM ((87Sr/86Sr)T = 0.70434-0.70497, (143Nd/144Nd)T = 0.512463-0.512487) in their source, which suggests its shallower depth of occurrence and the higher degree of its partial melting as compared with the derivates of the Chuya and Tarkhata complexes. The studied rock associations tentatively formed in the postcollisional setting under the impact of the Siberian superplume.
DS2002-0012
2002
Krupenik, V.Ahmedov, A., Panova, E., Krupenik, V., Svehnikova, K.Diamond from Early Proterozoic and Devonian rocks of the joint zone of the Baltic Shield and Russian platform.18th. International Mineralogical Association Sept. 1-6, Edinburgh, abstract p.272.Russia, Baltic ShieldLithogenesis - sedimentary basins
DS2000-0128
2000
Krupicka, J.Burwash, R.A., Krupicka, J., Wubrans, J.R.Metamorphic evolution of the Precambrian basement of AlbertaCan. Mineralog., Vol. 38, No. 2, Apr. pp. 423-34.AlbertaTectonics - metamorphism
DS202002-0198
2019
Krupnik, D.Krupnik, D., Khan, S.Close range, ground based hyperspectral imaging for mining applications at various scales: review and case studies. ( not specific to diamonds). Glossary addedEarth Science Reviews, Vol. 198, 34p. PdfGlobalhyperspectral

Abstract: Detailed mapping of mineral phases at centimeter scale can be useful for geological investigation, including resource exploration. This work reviews case histories of ground-based close-range hyperspectral imaging for mining applications. Studies of various economic deposits are discussed, as well as techniques used for data correction, integration with other datasets, and validation of spectral mapping results using geochemical techniques. Machine learning algorithms suggested for automation of the mining workflow are reviewed, as well as systems for environmental monitoring such as gas leak detection. Three new case studies that use a ground-based hyperspectral scanning system with sensors collecting data in the Visible Near-Infrared and Short-Wave Infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in active and abandoned mines are presented. Vertical exposures in a Carlin Style sediment-hosted gold deposit, an active Cu-Au-Mo mine, and an active asphalt quarry are studied to produce images that delineate the extent of alteration minerals at centimeter scale to demonstrate an efficient method of outcrop characterization, which increases understanding of petrogenesis for mining applications. In the Carlin-style gold deposit, clay, iron oxide, carbonate, and jarosite minerals were mapped. In the copper porphyry deposit, different phases of alteration are delineated, some of which correspond to greater occurrence of ore deposits. A limestone quarry was also imaged, which contains bitumen deposits used for road paving aggregate. Review of current literature suggests use of this technology for automation of mining activities, thus reducing physical risk for workers in evaluating vertical mine faces.
DS200712-0469
2006
Krupsky, D.P.Ismail-Zadeh, A.T., Korotkii, A.I., Krupsky, D.P., Tsepelev, I.A., Schubert, G.Evolution of thermal plumes in the Earth's mantle.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 411, 9, Nov-Dec. pp. 1442-1443.MantleGeothermometry
DS1930-0112
1932
Krusch, P.Krusch, P.Der Diamant Am Ende Seiner HerrschaftZeitschr. F. Prakt. Geol., Vol. 40, PP. 65-71.South AfricaDiamond
DS1997-0639
1997
Kruse, F.A.Kruse, F.A., Boardman, J.W.Characterization and mapping of kimberlites and related diatremes using airborne visible/ Infrared imaging...Twelfth Geologic Remote Sensing, Nov. 17th., AbstractsUtah, Colorado, WyomingGeophysics - remote sensing, Spectrometer
DS201112-0557
2011
Kruse, F.A.Kruse,F.A., Bedell, R.L., Taranik, J.V., Peppin, W.A., Weatherbee, O., Calvin, W.M.Mapping alteration minerals at prospect, outcrop and drill core scales using imagining spectroscopy.International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 33, 6, pp. 1780-1798.GlobalSpectroscopy - not specific to diamonds
DS201903-0524
2000
Kruse, F.A.Kruse, F.A., Boardman, J.W.Characterization and mapping of kimberlites and related diatremes using hyperspectral remote sensing.IEEE.org * note date , pp. 299-304.United States, Colorado, Wyomingdeposit - Kelsey Lake

Abstract: Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) and commercially-available HyMap hyperspectral data were used to study the occurrence and mineralogical characteristics of limberlite diatremes in the State-Line district of Colorado/Wyoming. A mosaic of five flightlines of AVIRIS data acquired during 1996 with 20-m resolution is being used to locate and characterize the kimberlite diatremes. Higher spatial resolution data (1.6 m AVIRIS and 4m HyMap acquired in 1998 and 1999, respectively) are being used to map additional detail. Poor exposures, vegetation cover, and weathering, however, make identification of characteristic kimberlite minerals difficult except where exposed by mining. Minerals identified in the district using the hyperspectral data include calcite, dolomite, illite/muscovite, and serpentine (principally antigorite), however, most spectral signatures are dominated by both green and dry vegetation. The goal of this work is to determine methods for characterizing subtle mineralogic changes associated with kimberlites as a guide to exploration in a variety of geologic terrains.
DS1998-0777
1998
Kruszewski, J.Koleba, W., Empson, J., Kruszewski, J.Metallic and industrial mineral assessment report on the exploration work in the Wandering River area.Alberta Geological Survey, MIN 19980019AlbertaExploration - assessment, Mineral Finders Inc.
DS201810-2305
2018
Kruszewski, L.Chukanov, N.V., Rastsvetaeva, R.K., Kruszewski, L., Akensov, S.M., Rusakov, V., Britvin, S.N., Vozchikova, S.A.Siudaite, Na8(Mn2+2Na) Ca6Fe3+3Zr3NbSi25O74(OH)2Cl.5H20: a new eudialyte group mineral from the Khibiny alkaline massif, Kola Peninsula.Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, Vol. 45, pp. 745-758.Russia, Kola Peninsulaalkaline

Abstract: The new eudialyte-group mineral siudaite, ideally Na8(Mn2+2Na)Ca6Fe3+3Zr3NbSi25O74(OH)2Cl•5H2O, was discovered in a peralkaline pegmatite situated at the Eveslogchorr Mt., Khibiny alkaline massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia. The associated minerals are aegirine, albite, microcline, nepheline, astrophyllite, and loparite-(Ce). Siudaite forms yellow to brownish-yellow equant anhedral grains up to 1.5 cm across. Its lustre is vitreous, and the streak is white. Cleavage is none observed. The Mohs’ hardness is 4½. Density measured by hydrostatic weighing is 2.96(1) g/cm3. Density calculated using the empirical formula is equal to 2.973 g/cm3. Siudaite is nonpleochroic, optically uniaxial, negative, with ??=?1.635(1) and ??=?1.626(1) (??=?589 nm). The IR spectrum is given. The chemical composition of siudaite is (wt%; electron microprobe, H2O determined by HCN analysis): Na2O 8.40, K2O 0.62, CaO 9.81, La2O3 1.03, Ce2O3 1.62, Pr2O3 0.21, Nd2O3 0.29, MnO 6.45, Fe2O3 4.51. TiO2 0.54, ZrO2 11.67, HfO2 0.29, Nb2O5 2.76, SiO2 47.20, Cl 0.54, H2O 3.5, -O?=?Cl ??0.12, total 99.32. According to Mössbauer spectroscopy data, all iron is trivalent. The empirical formula (based on 24.5 Si atoms pfu, in accordance with structural data) is [Na7.57(H2O)1.43]?9(Mn1.11Na0.88Ce0.31La0.20Nd0.05Pr0.04K0.41)?3(H2O)1.8(C a5.46Mn0.54)?6(Fe3+1.76Mn2+1.19)?2.95Nb0.65(T i0.20Si0.50)?0.71(Zr2.95Hf0.04Ti0.01)?3Si24.00Cl0.47O70(OH)2Cl0.47•1.2H2O. The crystal structure was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The new mineral is trigonal, space group R3m, with a?=?14.1885(26) Å, c?=?29.831(7) Å, V?=?5200.8(23) Å3 and Z?=?3. Siudaite is chemically related to georgbarsanovite and is its analogue with Fe3+-dominant M2 site. The strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I, %) (hkl)] are: 6.38 (60) (-114), 4.29 (55) (-225), 3.389 (47) (131), 3.191 (63) (-228). 2.963 (100) (4-15), 2.843 (99) (-444), 2.577 (49) (3-39). Siudaite is named after the Polish mineralogist and geochemist Rafa? Siuda (b. 1975).
DS1985-0372
1985
Krutikhovska, Z.O.Krutikhovska, Z.O., Melnichuk, E.V., Slonitska, S.G., Orlyuk, M.I.Regional magnetic anomalies in the southwestern Russian platform and smallscale prediction of mineral resources.(Russian)Dopov. Akad. Nauk UKR. RSR Ser. B., Geokl. Khim. Biol., (Russian), No. 4, pp. 36-41RussiaGeophysics
DS1987-0383
1987
Krutikhovskaya, Z.A.Krutikhovskaya, Z.A., Yeliseyeva, S.V., Negrutsa, V.Z., SlivinskayaRegional magnetic anomalies of old shields and platforms as indicators of early Precambrian rift troughsDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section, Vol. 288, No. 1-6, pp. 72-75RussiaBlank
DS1950-0383
1958
Krutoyariskiy, M.A.Dukhanin, S.F., Krutoyariskiy, M.A.Interpretation of Aerial Photographs in Prospecting for Kimberlite Bodies.Inf. Bulletin. Niiga., No. 10, PP. 59-65.RussiaBlank
DS1960-0289
1962
Krutoyarski, M.A.Rabkin, M.I., Krutoyarski, M.A., Milashev, V.A.Classification and Nomenclature of Yakutian KimberlitesNiiga., Vol. 121, PP. 154-164.RussiaBlank
DS1960-0379
1963
Krutoyarski, M.A.Milashev, V.A., Krutoyarski, M.A., Rabhkin, M.I., Ehrlich, E.N.Kimberlitic Rocks and Picritic Porphyries of the North Eastern Part of the Siberian PlatformNiiga., Gosgeoltekizdat., Vol. 126, PP. 1-10.5.RussiaMineral Chemistry
DS1960-0162
1961
Krutoyarskii, M.A.Krutoyarskii, M.A., Milashev, V.A., Rabkin, M.I.The Classification of Kimberlitic Rocks of YakutiaNiiga, Info. Bulletin., Vol. 23, PP. 23-26.RussiaBlank
DS1950-0406
1958
Krutoyarskiy, M.A.Krutoyarskiy, M.A.Some Kimberlite Bodies in the Basin of the River Omonos in The Olenek Region.Zap. Vses. Miner. Obshch., PT. 87, No. 2, PP. L66-L80.RussiaBlank
DS1950-0483
1959
Krutoyarskiy, M.A.Krutoyarskiy, M.A.On Certain Kimberlite Bodies of the River OmonosZap. Imp. Miner. Obshch., PT. 87, No. 2L.RussiaBlank
DS1960-0364
1963
Krutoyarsky, M.A.Krutoyarsky, M.A., Lopatin, B.G., et al.Kimberlites of the Valleys of Rivers Omonos and UkukitInternational Geology Review, Vol. 5, No. 7.RussiaBlank
DS1960-0468
1964
Krutoyarsky, M.A.Krutoyarsky, M.A., Milashev, V.A.Dependence of Diamond Crystal Morphology on the Facies Formation Conditions of the Kimberlites of the Siberian PlatformZap. Vses. Miner. Obshch., PT. 93, No. 6, PP. 697-703.RussiaBlank
DS1960-0019
1960
Kryativ, B.M.Bobrievich, A.P., Kryativ, B.M., Shchukin, V.N.Certain Dat a on the Geology and Petrography of the Siberiankimberlite.Akad. Nauk Sssr Ser. Geol., No. 6.RussiaBlank
DS1960-0189
1961
Kryatov, B.M.Shschukin, V.N., Kryatov, B.M., Volotovskiy, A.G.The Inter relation of Kimberlites and TraprocksIn: Diamonds of Yakutia., RussiaBlank
DS201809-2040
2018
Kryazhev, S.G.Ignatov, P.A., Novikov, K.V., Shmonov, A.M., Zaripov, N.R., Khodnya, M.S., Razumov, A.N., Kilishekov, O.K., Kryazhev, S.G., Kovalchuk, O.E.Zoning of faults and secondary mineralization of host rocks of kimberlites of the Maiscoe diamond deposit, Nakyn field, Yakutia.Geology of Ore Deposits, Vol. 60, 3, pp. 201-209.Russiadeposit - Maiscoe
DS200512-1230
2003
Krydik, S.Zagnitko, V., Krydik, S., Donskiy, M.Isotopic geochemistry of carbonatites of Ukraine.Periodico di Mineralogia, (in english), Vol. LXX11, 1. April, pp. 153-159.Europe, UkraineGeochronology, Chernigovka Complex
DS1994-0956
1994
Krylov, D.P.Krylov, D.P., Ustinov, V.I.Condition of the formation of the Archean charnockites and Aker Peaks(Napier Complex) East Antarctica).Geochemistry International, Vol. 31, No. 8, pp. 13-23.AntarcticaGeochronology, Napier Complex
DS2000-0583
2000
Krylov, I.N.Lobach-Zhuchenko, S.B., Chekulaev, V.P., Krylov, I.N.Lamprophyres of western KareliaDoklady Academy of Sciences, Vol. 370, No. 1, Jan-Feb pp. 43-5.Russia, KareliaLamprophyres, Petrology
DS1991-0934
1991
Krylov, S.V.Krylov, S.V., Mishenkin, B.P., Bryskin, A.V.Deep structure of the Baikal rift from multiwave seismic explorationsJournal of Geodynamics, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 87-96RussiaTectonics, Structure
DS1982-0608
1982
Krylov, V.S.Tselikov, A.I., Krylov, V.S., et al.Critical Size of Diamond NucleusDoklady Academy of Sciences AKAD. NAUK SSSR., Vol. 265, No. 3, PP. 681-684.RussiaBlank
DS1993-0860
1993
Krylova, M.D.Krylova, M.D.Petrogenetic conclusions from the distribution of trace elements between the principal eclogite minerals.Geochemistry International, Vol. 30, No. 3, March, pp. 136-142.RussiaEclogite, Petrology, Xenoliths, metamorphic complexes, pyrgarnites
DS201502-0111
2015
Krymsky, R.Sushchevskaya, N., Melanholina, E., Belyatsky, B., Krymsky, R., Migdisova, N.Oceanic magmatic evolution during ocean opening under influence of mantle plume.Economic Geology Research Institute 2015, Vol. 17,, #3059, 1p. AbstractIndiaLamproite
DS201412-0902
2014
Krymsky, R.Sh.Sushchevskaya, N.M., Migdisova, N.A., Antonov, A.V., Krymsky, R.Sh., Belyatsky, B.V., Kuzmin, D.V., Bychkova, Ya.V.Geochemical features of the Quaternary lamproitic lavas of Gaussberg volcano, East Antarctica: result of the impact of the Kerguelen plume.Geochemistry International, Vol. 52, 12, pp. 1030-1048.AntarcticaLamproitic lavas
DS201312-0519
2013
Krystopowicz, N.J.Krystopowicz, N.J., Currie, C.A.Crustal eclogization and lithosphere delamination in orogens.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 361, pp. 195-207.MantleTectonics
DS1991-1938
1991
Kryuchkov, A.I.Zinchuk, N.N., Kryuchkov, A.I., Melnik, Yu.M.Alteration of kimberlite at the contact with dolerite as in YakutiaDoklady Academy of Sciences, Earth Sci. Section, Vol. 307, No. 1-6, pp. 148-151RussiaMineralogy, metamorphism
DS1993-0861
1993
Kryuchkov, A.I.Kryuchkov, A.I.History of the formation and development of Amakinskaya geologicalexpedition.Diamonds of Yakutia, pp. 105-106.Russia, YakutiaAmakinskaya expedition, Exploration
DS1994-0957
1994
Kryuchkov, A.I.Kryuchkov, A.I., Leliukh, M.J., Krasinets, S.S., Afansiev, V.P.Two unusual Paleozoic kimberlite diatremes in the Daldyn-Alakit region Of the Siberian PlatformProceedings of Fifth International Kimberlite Conference, Vol. 1, pp. 34-39.Russia, SiberiaDaldyn-Alakit, Kimberlite diatremes
DS1995-0997
1995
Kryuchkov, A.I.Koptil, V.I., Kryuchkov, A.I., Zinchuk, N.N.Prediction of new primary diamond deposits: diamond typomorphism implications ...Proceedings of the Sixth International Kimberlite Conference Almazy Rossii Sakha abstract, p. 23.Russia, YakutiaMineralogy, alluvials, Diamond morphology
DS1995-1032
1995
Kryuchkov, A.I.Kryuchkov, A.I., Kharkiv, A.D.On the question of the identification of kimberlite bodies undergoing the dynamic effects of traps.Proceedings of the Sixth International Kimberlite Conference Almazy Rossii Sakha abstract, p. 15.Russia, YakutiaGeodynamics, Tectonics, Deposit -Alakit Markha
DS1995-1033
1995
Kryuchkov, A.I.Kryuchkov, A.I., Kharkiv, A.D., Pokhilenko, N.P.Identification of kimberlite bodies subjected to dynamic effect oftraps.... Yubileinaya pipe.Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 61-71.Russia, YakutiaSill, Trap rocks, Deposit -Jubillee, Ozernaya
DS1995-1083
1995
Kryuchkov, A.I.Lelukh, M.I., Vasiliev, A.A., Kryuchkov, A.I., Cherny, S.D.New dat a on morphology of kimberlite bodiesProceedings of the Sixth International Kimberlite Conference Almazy Rossii Sakha abstract, p. 10, 11.Russia, YakutiaStructure - pipe, Deposit -Rot Front, Yakutskaya
DS1993-0840
1993
Kryuchkov, E.Y.Koptil, V.Y., Kryuchkov, E.Y.Diamond typomorphism: the criteria of target prediction for all stages ofgeoexploration.Diamonds of Yakutia, pp. 29-30.Russia, YakutiaDiamond genesis
DS1991-0935
1991
Kryuchokov, A.I.Kryuchokov, A.I., Nikulin, V.I., Krasinets, S.S., Lelyukh, M.I.Conditions of localization and structure of a new kimberlite body in the Aikhal area (Siberian platform)Soviet Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 52-58Russia, SiberiaKimberlite, structure, Aikhal area
DS1960-0975
1968
Kryukov, A.V.Kryukov, A.V.Inclusions of Pyrope Peridotite As Signs of the Connection Of Kimberlite with Alkaline Basaltoids.In: The Earth's Crust And Upper Mantle. Moscow: Nauka., PP. 141-145.RussiaBlank
DS1985-0420
1985
Kryukov, A.V.Matsyuk, S.S., Kryukov, A.V., et al.A Comparative Study of the Composition and Properties of Garnets from The alkali Basalt Pipes of the Minusinsk Basin And kimberlites of Yakutia.(russian)Mineral. Zhurn., (Russian), Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 18-29RussiaPyrope, Analyses
DS1989-0832
1989
Kryukov, A.V.Kryukov, A.V., Vaag, O.V., Mkrtychyan, A.K., et al.New pyrope bearing carbonate collector in the southern part of the TunguskasynecliseSoviet Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 47-54RussiaGarnets, Petrology
DS1989-1543
1989
Kryukov, A.V.Vasilenko, V.B., Kryukov, A.V., Kuznetsova, L.G.Petrochemical types of alkali-ultrabasic rocks of the Chadobets UpliftSociet Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 30, No. 8, pp. 43-48RussiaPetrology, Mentions kimberlite pipes
DS200612-0652
2006
Kryukova, E.B.Kadik, A.A., Litvin, Y.A., Koltashev, V.V., Kryukova, E.B., Plotnichenko, V.G.Solubility of hydrogen and carbon in reduced magmas of the early Earth's mantle.Geochemistry International, Vol. 44, 1, pp. 33-47.MantleGeochemistry
DS2000-0961
2000
Kryvdik, S.G.Tsymbal, S.N., Kryvdik, S.G.Kimberlites and lamproites of Ukrainian ShieldIgc 30th. Brasil, Aug. abstract only 1p.UKraineKirovogradian Block, Geochemistry
DS2000-1045
2000
Kryvdik, S.G.Zagnitko, V.N., Kryvdik, S.G., Parfenova, A.Y.Geochemistry, mineralogy and petrology of carbonatites of UkraineIgc 30th. Brasil, Aug. abstract only 1p.UKraineCarbonatite, Magmatism
DS2001-0636
2001
Kryvdik, S.G.Kryvdik, S.G.Alkaline magmatism of the Ukrainian shieldAlkaline Magmatism -problems mantle source, pp. 41-51.UKraineAlkaline rocks, Magmatism
DS200512-0582
2001
Kryvdik, S.G.Kryvdik, S.G.Alkaline magmatism of the Ukrainian shield.Alkaline Magmatism and the problems of mantle sources, pp. 41-51.Europe, UkraineMagmatism
DS200512-0595
2005
Kryvdik, S.G.Kvasnytsya, V.M., Glevassky, Y.B., Kryvdik, S.G.Paleotectonic, petrological and mineralogical criteria of diamond bearing ability of the Ukrainian shield.Gems & Gemology, abstracts Mineralogical Journal (Ukraine) Vol. 26, 1, pp. 24-40. *** in English, Vol. 41, 2, Summer p. 194. abstract onlyEurope, UkraineTectonics
DS201412-0483
2014
Kryvdik, S.G.Kryvdik, S.G.Geochemical features of ilmenites from the alkaline complexes of the Ukrainian shield: LA-ICP MS data.Geochemistry International, Vol. 52, 4, pp. 287-295.Europe, UkraineCarbonatite
DS201212-0384
2012
Kryvoshhlyk, I.N.Kryvoshhlyk, I.N.Geometry of kimberites ** engKIEV Kimberlite conference, p;. 105-106. abstractGlobalComputer generated geometric distribution order
DS201511-1856
2015
KryvoshlykKryvoshlyk, IgorMathematical calculations of kimberlite diamond grade.Kryvoshlyk, 38ppt. Available ppt. Email ikryvoa481 @hotmail.comTechnologyMicrodiamonds - responses

Abstract: Diamond grade is the most important parameter of a kimberlite rock. A few hundreds of microprobe analyses of garnets picked randomly from a kimberlite concentrate might be enough to calculate mathematically accurate diamond grade.
DS201511-1857
2015
KryvoshlykKryvoshlyk, IgorKimberlite diamond grade ( actual projects and numbers)Kryvoshlyk, 18ppt. Available ppt. email ikryvoa481 @hotmail.comTechnologyMicrodiamonds - responses
DS200812-0604
2007
Kryvoshlyk, I.Kryvoshlyk, I.Kimberlite provinces of southern hemisphere.earthref.org, Sept. 1p.GlobalMap
DS200812-0605
2007
Kryvoshlyk, I.Kryvoshlyk, I.Kimberlite volcano: major characteristics and some conclusions.earthref.org, Sept. 3p.MantlePetrology
DS200812-0606
2008
Kryvoshlyk, I.Kryvoshlyk, I.Multivariate functions for the kimberlite diamond grade calculations.earthref.org, July 2, 6p.TechnologyDiamond grade
DS200812-0607
2008
Kryvoshlyk, I.Kryvoshlyk, I.Multivariate functions for the kimberlite grade calculations.available - google kryvoshlyk EarthRef email ikryvoa481 @rogers.com, 6p, overview tel 416 248-8514TechnologyDiamond grade - chemical composition of pyrope
DS200812-0608
2008
Kryvoshlyk, I.Kryvoshlyk, I.Kimberlite garnets: the complete geochemical program for exploration for diamonds.earthref.org, January, 3p.TechnologyGeochemistry
DS200812-0609
2008
Kryvoshlyk, I.Kryvoshlyk, I.Garnet and ilmenite geochemical computer programs for exploration for diamonds.earthref.org, June 8, 4p.TechnologyGeochemistry - indicators
DS200812-0610
2008
Kryvoshlyk, I.Kryvoshlyk, I.Distribution of kimberlite provinces in northern hemisphere.earthref.org, January, 1p.GlobalMap
DS200812-0611
2008
Kryvoshlyk, I.Kryvoshlyk, I.Pyroclastic nature of kimberlites. Reality and illusions.earthref.org, April, 5p.TechnologyPetrology
DS200812-0612
2008
Kryvoshlyk, I.Kryvoshlyk, I.Spiderweb - the universal diamond exploration system.earthref.org, July 21, 1p.TechnologyPetrology
DS201412-0484
2014
Kryvoshlyk, I.Kryvoshlyk, I.System of mathematical calculations of a kimberlite diamond grade.GSSA Kimberley Diamond Symposium and Trade Show provisional programme, Sept. 10-12, POSTERTechnologyEconomics
DS1998-0811
1998
Kryvoshlyk, I.N.Kryvoshlyk, I.N.Brief review of the theory of liquid immiscibility of kimberlite magma7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 473-4.Russia, YakutiaKimberlites, Autoliths
DS2003-0753
2003
Kryvoshlyk, I.N.Kryvoshlyk, I.N.Garnet and ilmenite geochemical computer programs for exploration for diamonds8 Ikc Www.venuewest.com/8ikc/program.htm, Session 8, POSTER abstractGlobalBlank
DS200412-1059
2003
Kryvoshlyk, I.N.Kryvoshlyk, I.N.Garnet and ilmenite geochemical computer programs for exploration for diamonds.8 IKC Program, Session 8, POSTER abstractTechnologyDiamond exploration
DS200812-0903
2008
Kryvoshlyk, I.N.Podolsky, M.H., Seller, M.H., Kryvoshlyk, I.N., Seghedi, I., Maicher, D.Whole rock geochemistry investigations of the 5034 and Tuzo kimberlites and potential applications to improving geology and resource models, Gahcho Kue project, NWTNorthwest Territories Geoscience Office, p. 72. abstractCanada, Northwest TerritoriesDeposit - Gahcho Kue
DS201312-0204
2013
Krzeminska, E.Demaiffe, D., Wiszniewska, J., Krzeminska, E., Williams, I.S., Stein, H., Brassinnes, S., Ohnenstetter, D., Deloule, E.A hidden alkaline and carbonatite province of Early Carboniferous age in northeast Poland: zircon U-Pb and pyrrhotite Re-Os geochronology.Journal of Geology, Vol. 121, 1, pp. 91-104.Europe, PolandCarbonatite
DS202009-1674
2020
Krzeminska, E.Wiszniewska, J.B., Krzeminska, E., Petecki, Z., Grababarczyk, A., Demaiffe, D.Geophysical and petrological constraints for ultramafic-alkaline-carbonatite magmatism in the Tajno intrusion, NE Poland.Goldschmidt 2020, 1p. AbstractEurope, Polandcarbonatites

Abstract: This Tajno alkaline massif (together with the nearby E?k and Pisz intrusions) occurs beneath a thick Mesozoic- Cenozoic sedimentary cover. It has first been recognized by geophysical (magnetic and gravity) investigations, then directly by deep drilling (12 boreholes down to 1800 m). The main rock types identified as clinopyroxenites, syenites, carbonatites, have been cut by later multiphase volcanic /subvolcanic dykes. This massif was characterized as a differentiated ultramafic, alkaline and carbonatite complex, quite comparable to the numerous massifs of the Late Devonian Kola Province of NW Russia [1,2]. Recent geochronological data (U-Pb on zircon from an albitite and Re-Os on pyrrhotite from a carbonatite) indicate that the massif was emplaced at ca. 348 Ma (Early Carboniferous). All the rocks, but more specifically the carbonatites, are enriched in Sr, Ba and LREE, like many carbonatites worldwide but depleted in high field strength elements (Ti, Nb, Ta, Zr). The initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.70370 to 0.70380) and ?Nd(t) (+3.3 to +0.7) isotopic compositions of carbonatites plot in the depleted quadrant of the Nd-Sr diagram, close to “FOcal ZOne” (FOZO) deep mantle domain [1]. The Pb isotopic data (206Pb/204Pb <18.50) do not point to an HIMU (high U/Pb) source. The ranges of C and O stable isotopic compositions of the carbonatites are quite large; some data plot in (or close to) the “Primary Igneous Carbonatite” box while others extend to much higher, typically crustal ?18O and ?13C values.
DS201805-0990
2018
Krzemnicki, M.S.Wang, H.A.O., Cartier, L.E., Baumgartner, L.P., Bouvier, A-S., Begue, F., Chalain, J-P., Krzemnicki, M.S.A preliminary SIMS study using carbon isotopes to separate natural from synthetic diamonds.Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 36, 1, pp. 38-43.Technologysynthetics
DS201810-2300
2018
Krzemnicki, M.S.Cartier, L.E., Ali, S.H., Krzemnicki, M.S.Blockchain, chain of custody and trace elements: an overview of tracking and traceability opportunities in the gem industry.The Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 36, 3, pp. 212-227.Globalblockchain terminology
DS201901-0012
2018
Krzemnicki, M.S.Cartier, L.E., Ali, S.H., Krzemnicki, M.S.Blockchain, chain of custody and trace elements: an overview of tracking and traceability opoortunities in the gem industry.Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 36, 3, pp. 212-227.Globalblockchain

Abstract: Dr. Laurent Cartier and Dr. Saleem Ali of the Knowledge Hub recently co-authored an overview article on traceability in the gem and jewellery industry. This paper was published in the Journal of Gemmology and is entitled 'Blockchain, Chain of Custody and Trace Elements: An Overview of Tracking and Traceability Opportunities in the Gem Industry'. Recent developments have brought due diligence, along with tracking and traceability, to the forefront of discussions and requirements in the diamond, coloured stone and pearl industries. This article provides an overview of current trends and developments in the tracking and traceability of gems, along with an explanation of the terms used in this context. Further, the article discusses current initiatives in the sector and provides an introduction blockchain concepts.
DS202104-0584
2021
Krzemnicki, M.S.Krzemnicki, M.S., Wang, H.O., Buche, S.A new type of emerald from Afghanistan's Panjshir Valley.Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 37, 5, pp. 474-495.Asia, Afghanistanemerald

Abstract: Since 2017, a new type of emerald from the Panjshir Valley, Afghanistan, has entered the gem trade. This material is commonly of excellent quality and compares with the finest emeralds from Colombia, not only visually, but also with respect to inclusions, spectral features and chemical composition. As a result, some of these stones have entered the market as Colombian emeralds. This study presents detailed microscopic, spectral and trace-element data for these recently produced Afghan emeralds and compares them to ‘classic’ emeralds from the Panjshir Valley and from Laghman Province in Afghanistan. The samples from each of the three Afghan occurrences showed differences in their UV-Vis-NIR spectra and water-related features in their Raman spectra, and they could also be distinguished from one another-as well as those from other important emerald deposits worldwide- by their trace-element composition. A distinctly higher Fe concentration is the main criterion that separates the recent Panjshir production from Colombian emeralds. This study further shows that it is possible to clearly differentiate emeralds from different localities based on trace-element data using t-SNE statistical processing, which is an unsupervised machine-learning method.
DS202111-1759
2021
Krzhizhanvskaya, M.G.Britvin, S., Vlasenko, N.S., Aslandukov, A., Aslandova, A., Dubovinsky, L., Gorelova, L.A., Krzhizhanvskaya, M.G., Vereshchagin, O.S., Bocharov, V.N., Shelukina, Y.S., Lozhkin, M.S., Zaitsev, A.N., Nestola, F.Natural cubic perovskite, Ca(Ti,Si,Cr) O 3-delta, a versatile potential host rock-forming and less common elements up to Earth's mantle pressure.American Mineralogist, doi:10.2138/am-2022-8186 in pressMantleperovskite

Abstract: Perovskite, CaTiO3, originally described as a cubic mineral, is known to have a distorted (orthorhombic) crystal structure. We herein report on the discovery of natural cubic perovskite. This was identified in gehlenite rocks occurring in a pyrometamorphic complex of the Hatrurim Formation (the Mottled Zone), in the vicinity of the Dead Sea, Negev Desert, Israel. The mineral is associated with native ?-(Fe,Ni) metal, schreibersite (Fe3P) and Si-rich fluorapatite. The crystals of this perovskite reach 50 ?m in size and contain many micron sized inclusions of melilite glass. The mineral contains significant amounts of Si substituting for Ti (up to 9.6 wt.% SiO2) corresponding to 21 mol.% of the davemaoite component (cubic perovskite-type CaSiO3), in addition to up to 6.6 wt.% Cr2O3. Incorporation of trivalent elements results in the occurrence of oxygen vacancies in the crystal structure; this being the first example of natural oxygen-vacant ABO3 perovskite with the chemical formula Ca(Ti,Si,Cr)O3-? (? ~ 0.1). Stabilization of cubic symmetry (space group Pm?3m) is achieved via the mechanism not reported so far for CaTiO3, namely displacement of an oxygen atom from its ideal structural position (site splitting). The mineral is stable at atmospheric pressure to 1250±50 °C; above this temperature its crystals fuse with the embedded melilite glass, yielding a mixture of titanite and anorthite upon melt solidification. The mineral is stable upon compression to at least 50 GPa. The a lattice parameter exhibits continuous contraction from 3.808(1) Å at atmospheric pressure to 3.551(6) Å at 50 GPa. The second-order truncation of the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state gives the initial volume V0 equal to 55.5(2) Å3 and room temperature isothermal bulk modulus K0 of 153(11) GPa. The discovery of oxygen-deficient single perovskite suggests previously unaccounted ways for incorporation of almost any element into the perovskite framework up to pressures corresponding to those of the Earth’s mantle.
DS200812-0613
2007
Krzyzanowska, J.Krzyzanowska,J.The impact of mixed fleet hauling on mining operations at Venetia mine.Journal of South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Vol. 107, 4, pp. 215-224.Africa, South AfricaMining
DS1930-0305
1939
Ksanda, C.J.Ksanda, C.J., Henderson, E.P.Identification of Diamond in the Canon Diablo IronAmerican MINERALOGIST., Vol. 24, PP. 677-680.United States, Arizona, Colorado PlateauMeteorite
DS201901-0050
2018
Ksenofontov, D.A.Ogorodova, L.P., Gritsenko, Y.D., Vigasina, M.F., Bychkov, A.Y., Ksenofontov, D.A., Melchakova, L.V.Thermodynamic properties of natural melilites.American Mineralogist, Vol. 103, pp. 1945-1952.Mantlemineralogy

Abstract: In the present study, four samples of natural melilites were characterized using electron microprobe analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy, and their thermodynamic properties were measured with a high-temperature heat-flux Tian-Calvet microcalorimeter. The enthalpies of formation from the elements were determined to be: -3796.3 ± 4.1 kJ/mol for Ca1.8Na0.2(Mg0.7Al0.2Fe2+0.1?)Si2O7, -3753.6 ± 5.2 kJ/mol for Ca1.6Na0.4(Mg0.5Al0.4Fe2+0.1?)Si2O7, -3736.4 ± 3.7 kJ/mol for Ca1.6Na0.4(Mg0.4Al0.4Fe2+0.2?)Si2O7, and -3929.2 ± 3.8 kJ/mol for Ca2(Mg0.4Al0.6)[Si1.4Al0.6O7]. Using the obtained formation enthalpies and estimated entropies, the standard Gibbs free energies of formation of these melilites were calculated. Finally, the enthalpies of the formation of the end-members of the isomorphic åkermanite-gehlenite and åkermanite-alumoåkermanite series were derived. The obtained thermodynamic properties of melilites of different compositions can be used for quantitative modeling of formation conditions of these minerals in related geological and industrial processes.
DS2000-0541
2000
Kuamgai, I.Kuamgai, I., Kurita, K.On the fate of mantle plumes at density interfacesEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 179, No. 1, June 15, pp.63-72.MantlePlumes, Zones
DS202102-0192
2021
Kuang, H.Geng, Y., Du, L., Kuang, H., Liu, Y.Ca. 1.7 Ga magmatism on southwestern margin of the Yangtze block: response to the breakup of Columbia.Acta Geologica Sinica, Vol. 94, 6, pp. 2031-2052.Chinamagmatism

Abstract: This paper presents some data of the Jiaopingdu gabbro and Caiyuanzi granite at the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block, on the geochemical compositions, zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic data. The Jiaopingdu gabbro gives the age of 1721 ± 5 Ma, the Caiyuanzi granite 1732 ± 6 Ma and 1735 ± 4 Ma, and the Wenjiacun porphyry granite 1713 ± 4 Ma, suggesting nearly contemporaneous formation time of the gabbro and granite. The bimodal feature is demonstrated by the gabbro SiO2 content of 44.64-46.87 wt% and granite 73.81-77.03 wt%. In addition, the granite has high content of SiO2 and Na2O + K2O, low content of Al2O3 and CaO, enriched in REEs (except Eu) and Zr, Nb, Ga and Y, depleted in Sr, implying it belongs to A?type granite geochemistry and origin of within?plate environment. The zircon ?Hf(t) of the granite and gabbro is at the range of 2-6, which is near the 2.0 Ga evolution line of the crust, implying the parent magma of the gabbro being derived from the depleted mantle and a small amount of crustal material, and the parent magma of the granite from partial melting of the juvenile crust and some ancient crustal material at the same time. Compared with 1.8-1.7 Ga magmatism during breakup of other cratons in the world, we can deduce that the Columbia has initially broken since ca. 1.8 Ga, and some continental marginal or intra?continental rifts occurred at ca. 1.73 Ga.
DS2003-0754
2003
Kuang, S.Kuang, S., Zhang, B.Crust mantle interaction in Dabie Orogenic belt, central China: geochemical evidenceChinese Journal of Geochemistry, Vol. 22, 3, pp. 231-43.ChinaUHP
DS200412-1060
2003
Kuang, S.Kuang, S., Zhang, B.Crust mantle interaction in Dabie Orogenic belt, central China: geochemical evidence from late Cretaceous basalts.Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, Vol. 22, 3, pp. 231-43.ChinaUHP
DS2001-0637
2001
Kuang, W.Kuang, W., Chao, B.F.Topographic core mantle coupling in geodynamo modelingGeophysical Research Letters, Vol. 28, No. 9, May 1, pp. 1871-4.MantleModel - geodynamics, tectonics, Topography
DS201412-0485
2014
Kuang, X.Kuang, X., Jiao, J.J.An integrated permeability - depth model for Earth's crust.Geophysics Research Letters, Vol. 41, pp. 7539-7545.MantleGeophsyics - seismics
DS200612-1206
2006
KubaSakai, T., Kondo, T., Ohtani, E., Terasaki, H., Miyahara, Yoo, Endo, Kuba, Suzuki, KikegawaWetting property at the core mantle boundary and core signature in plume source region.International Mineralogical Association 19th. General Meeting, held Kobe, Japan July 23-28 2006, Abstract p. 129.MantleGeophysics - seismics
DS1988-0300
1988
kuba, C.Herzberg, C., Feigenson, M., kuba, C., Ohtani, E.Majorite fractionation recorded in the geochemistry of peridotites from South AfricaNature, Vol. 332, No. 6167, April 28, pp. 823-826South AfricaBlank
DS200612-1205
2006
Kuba, T.Sakai, T., Kondo, T., Ohtain, E., Terasaki, H., Endo, N., Kuba, T., Suzuki, T., Kikegawa, T.Interaction between iron and post perovskite at core mantle boundary and core signature in plume source region.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 33, 15, August 16, L15317MantleGeophysics - seismics, boundary
DS201212-0019
2012
Kuberek, N.T.Araujo, D.P., Weska, R.K., Correa, R.S., Valadao, L.V., Kuberek, N.T., Suvorova, L.F.The kimberlite Juina-5 Brazil: textural and xenocryst chemistry.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Held Bangalore India Feb. 6-11, Poster abstractSouth America, BrazilDeposit - Juina-5
DS1991-0705
1991
Kubicki, J.D.Hemley, R.J., Kubicki, J.D.Mineral physics: deep mantle meltingNature, Vol. 349. No. 6307, January 24, p. 283GlobalMantle, Physics
DS202104-0585
2021
Kubik, E.Kubik, E., Siebert, J., Blanchard, I., Agranier, A., Mahan, B., Moynier, F.Earth's volatile accretion as told by Cd, Bi, Sb and Ti core-mantle distribution.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, in press available, 35p. PdfMantlegeodynamics
DS201908-1784
2019
Kubinova, S.Kubinova, S., Wali Faryad, S.Mineral textures of olivine minette and their significance for crystallization history of parental magma: an example from the Moldanubian zone ( the Bohemian Massif).Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 113, 4, pp. 477-491.Europeminette

Abstract: One of the best-preserved dykes of olivine minette among the lamprophyre dyke swarm in the Moldanubian Zone of the Bohemian Massif (Czech Republic) was investigated. The minette, exposed at Horní Kožlí Village (near Prachatice town), has porphyric texture with phenocrysts of olivine, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and biotite in a fine-grained matrix consisting of K-feldspar, biotite, clinopyroxene and minor plagioclase and quartz. Accessory minerals are apatite, Cr-rich spinel and iron sulphides. Olivine is mostly replaced by talc and rimmed by two zones (coronas) - a talc-rich inner zone and a biotite-rich outer zone. Rarely, larger grains of quartz with a corona of clinopyroxene are present. The clinopyroxene grows mostly perpendicular to the quartz rim and radially penetrates the quartz crystal. Three stages of mineral crystallization were distinguished. The first stage with apatite, olivine, biotite, spinel, orthopyroxene and part of the clinopyroxene occurred in the mantle position. During the second stage, felsic phases (K-feldspar, plagioclase, quartz) in the matrix were crystallized. The enrichment of the residual melt by silica and Na occurred as the result of both fractionation and contamination during magma ascent through the granulite facies crust during post-collision orogeny in the Bohemian Massif. Minerals related to the third stage were formed during filling of the vesicles (quartz with reaction rims of clinopyroxene) and subsequent alteration (talc after olivine). The origin of quartz with clinopyroxene reaction rims (‘quartz ocelli’) is explained by filling of cavities formed by the escape of volatiles.
DS202110-1627
2021
Kublik, K.McIntyre, T., Kublik, K., Currie, C., Pearson, G.Heat generation in cratonic mantle roots - new trace element constraints from mantle xenoliths. And implications for cratonic geotherms.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 10.1029/2021GC009691 55p. PdfAfrica, South Africa, Lesotho, Europe, Greenlandcraton

Abstract: Understanding the rate at which temperature changes with increasing depth (geothermal gradients) within ancient continental crust and its underlying mantle (cratonic lithosphere) is essential for understanding the internal structure of Earth. However, understanding geothermal gradients requires a chemical and physical understanding of deep cratonic lithosphere (up to ?200 km depth) and samples from such depths are only available as fragments hosted in melts that originate there (e.g., kimberlites). This limited sample availability of the cratonic mantle roots has resulted in some properties of this domain, used in geothermal modeling, to be poorly constrained. Here we use samples of cratonic mantle lithosphere to determine one critical and poorly constrained parameter used in modeling geothermal gradients—the heat produced from the radiogenic decay of K, U, and Th to their daughter isotopes. We measure these elements in the samples via in situ laser ablation methods to quantify their potential heat production. Comparing our results to previous estimates of heat production, our new estimates produce differences in the thicknesses of cratonic lithosphere calculated from modeled geothermal gradients by >10 km depending on the chosen lithological model. The results from this study provide an important new data set for constraining heat production in cratonic mantle peridotites.
DS2001-0850
2001
KuboOhtani, E., Toma, Litasov, Kubo, SuzukiStability of dense hydrous magnesium silicate phases and water storage capacity in transition zone -Physical Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 124, No. 1-2, pp. 105-117.MantleSlab melting, water
DS1998-0812
1998
Kubo, A.Kubo, A., Hiramatsu, Y.On presence of seismic anisotropy in the asthenosphere beneath continents and its dependence - plate velocityPure and Applied Geophys., Vol. 151, No. 2-4, Mar. 1, pp. 281-305.MantleGeophysics - seismics, Geodynamics
DS2000-0542
2000
Kubo, A.Kubo, A., Akaogi, M.Post garnet transitions in the system up to 28 Gpas: phase relations of garnet, ilmenite and perovskite.Physical Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 121, No. 1-2, pp.85-102.GlobalGarnets, Perovskite
DS2002-0808
2002
Kubo, A.Kamon, T., Fujino, K., Miura, H., Kubo, A., Katsura, T., Ito, E.Phase relations and structure variations in Ca Ti O3 Ca SiO3 perovskite18th. International Mineralogical Association Sept. 1-6, Edinburgh, abstract p.76.MantleUHP mineralogy - perovskite
DS200412-2075
2004
Kubo, A.Walter, M.J., Kubo, A., Yoshino, T., Brodholt, J., Koga, K.T., Ohishi, Y.Phase relations and equation of state aluminous Mg silicate perovskite and implications for Earth's lower mantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 222, 2, pp. 501-516.MantlePerovskite
DS200712-0981
2007
Kubo, A.Shim, S-H., Kubo, A., Duffy, T.S.Raman spectroscopy of perovskite and post-perovskite phases of MgGeO3 to 123 GPa.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 260, 1-2, pp. 166-178.MantlePerovskite
DS200712-0982
2007
Kubo, A.Shim, S-H., Kubo, A., Duffy, T.S.Raman spectroscopy of perovskite and post-perovskite phases of MgGeO3 to 123 GPa.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 260, 1-2, pp. 166-178.MantlePerovskite
DS200812-0301
2008
Kubo, A.Duffy, T.S., Kubo, A., Shieh, S., Dorfman, S., Prakapenka, V.High pressure phases in the MgO FeO Al2O3 SiO2 system: implications for the deep mantle.Goldschmidt Conference 2008, Abstract p.A230.MantlePetrology
DS1984-0436
1984
Kubo, K.Kubo, K., Satoh, H.Petrology of Lamphrophyre in the Urakawa Area, Hokkaido, Japan.Journal of Geological Society JAPAN., Vol. 90, No. 10, PP. 717-731.JapanPetrography, Chemical Analyses, Monchoquite, Miocene Age
DS2003-0823
2003
Kubo, T.Litasov, K., Ohtani, E., Langenhorst, F., Yurimoto, H., Kubo, T., Kondo, T.Water solubility in Mg perovskites and water storage capacity in the lower mantleEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 211, 1-2, June 15, pp. 189-203.MantleWater storage
DS2003-0824
2003
Kubo, T.Litasov, K., Ohtani, E., Langenhorst, F., Yurimoto, H., Kubo, T., Kondo, T.Water solubility in Mg perovskites and water storage capacity in the lower mantleEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 211, 1-2, pp. 189-203.MantleBlank
DS200412-1144
2003
Kubo, T.Litasov, K., Ohtani, E., Langenhorst, F., Yurimoto, H., Kubo, T., Kondo, T.Water solubility in Mg perovskites and water storage capacity in the lower mantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 211, 1-2, June 15, pp. 189-203.MantleWater storage
DS200612-0519
2006
Kubo, T.Hae, R., Ohtani, E., Kubo, T., Koyama, T., Utada, H.Hydrogen diffusivity in wadsleyite and water distribution in the mantle transition zone.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 243,1-2, Mar. 15, pp. 141-148.MantleIR spectroscopy
DS200612-0601
2005
Kubo, T.Hosoya, T., Kubo, T., Ohtaini, E., Sano, A., Funakoshi, K.Water controls the fields of metastable olivine in cold subducting slabs.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, 17, Sept. 16, pp.Li7305-06.MantleSubduction
DS200612-1221
2006
Kubo, T.Sano, A., Ohtani, E., Litasov, K., Kubo, T., Hosoya, T., Funakoshi, K., Kikegawa, T.In situ x-ray diffraction study of the effect of water on the garnet perovksite transformation in MORB and implications for the penetration of oceanic crust...Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 159, 1-2, pp. 118-126.MantleWater in lower mantle
DS200712-0583
2007
Kubo, T.Kubo, T.Kinetics of high pressure transformations in Earth's mantle minerals.Review of High Pressure Science and Technology, Japan Society of High Pressure Science, Vol. 17, 2, pp. 159-172.MantleMineralogy
DS200812-0799
2008
Kubo, T.Nishi, M., Kato, T., Kubo, T., Kikegawa, T.Survival of pyropic garnet in subducting plates.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 170-3-4, Nov. pp. 274-280.MantleSubduction
DS200812-0800
2008
Kubo, T.Nishi, M., Kato, T., Kubo, T., Kikegawa, T.Survival of pyropic garnet in subducting plates.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, in press available, 31p.MantleSubduction - garnets
DS201312-0653
2013
Kubo, T.Nishi, M., Kubo, T., Ohfuji, H., Kato, T., Nishihara, Y., Irifune, T.Slow Si-Al interdiffusion in garnet and stagnation of subducting slabs.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 361, pp. 44-49.MantleSubduction
DS201610-1890
2016
Kubo, T.Nagayoshi, M., Kubo, T., Kato, T.Experimental investigation of the kinetics of the spinel to garnet transformation in peridotite: a preliminary study.American Mineralogist, Vol. 101, pp. 2020-2028.TechnologyReaction rim, UHP

Abstract: To study the kinetics of the spinel-to-garnet transformation in peridotite, we conducted reaction experiments in the garnet peridotite stability field (3.2 GPa, 1020-1220 °C, for 0.6-30 h) using a single spinel crystal embedded in monomineralic orthopyroxene powder or in a mixture of powdered orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene. The growth textures observed in the reaction rim between the spinel crystal and the polycrystalline pyroxenes show that the reaction rim grew in both the spinel and pyroxenes directions, suggesting mobility of both SiO2 and R2O3 components (where R is a trivalent cation). Olivine grains formed only in the presence of monomineralic orthopyroxene and were present in some domains without forming reaction rims. Based on a diffusion-controlled growth model, the growth kinetics of the garnet reaction rim can be described by [x(t)]2 = k0 exp(?H*/RT)t, where x(t) is the rim width at time t, R is the gas constant, T is the absolute temperature, and H* is the activation enthalpy of reaction; k0 and H* are, respectively, k0 = 10?19.8 ± 4.9 m2/s and H* = 171 ± 58 kJ/mol. The development of a garnet reaction rim around a spinel core has been observed in alpine-type peridotitic rocks and mantle xenoliths. The reaction rims experimentally produced in this study are characteristic of corona textures observed in natural rocks, and the experimentally measured growth rate of the rims places important constraints on dynamic transformation processes involving spinel and garnet in peridotite. However, to reconstruct the P-T-t history of the corona texture based on these elementary processes, additional detailed studies on the textural evolution and quantitative kinetics of the garnet-rim growth stage are required.
DS1989-0833
1989
Kubovics, I.Kubovics, I., Szabo, C., Solymos, K.Geochemistry of phlogophites in ultramafic xenoliths of lamprophyre dikes (Alcusutdoboz Hungary)Neues Jahrbuch Fur Mineralogie Abhandlungen, Vol. 161, No. 2, October pp. 171-191HungaryGeochemistry, Lamprophyres
DS1990-0886
1990
Kubyshev, A.I.Kravchenko, S.M., Belyakov, A.Yu., Kubyshev, A.I., Tolstov, A.V.Scandium rare earth yttrium niobium ores - a new economic resourceInternational Geology Review, Vol. 32, No. 3, March pp. 280-284BrazilCarbonatite, Rare earths Araxa
DS1997-0488
1997
Kucera, R.E.Hausel, W.D., Kucera, R.E., McCandless, T.E., GregoryDiamond exploration potential of the Wyoming craton, western USA ... extends into southernmost Alberta.Wyom. Geol. Association Guidebook, No. 48, pp. 139-176.Alberta, Wyoming, SaskatchewanCraton - brieg mention of Wyoming province
DS1998-0597
1998
Kucera, R.E.Hausel, W.D., Kucera, R.E., McCandless, T.E., GregoryMantle derived diatremes in the southern Green River Basin, Wyoming, USA7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 320-1.WyomingDiatremes, Deposit - Cedar Mountain
DS1996-0254
1996
Kucerova, L.Cermak, V., Safanda, J., Kresl, M., Kucerova, L.Heat flow studies in central Europe with special emphasis on dat a from former CzechoslovakiaGlobal Tectonics and Metallogeny, Vol. 5, No. 3-4, p. 109-123GlobalHeat Flow project, volcanism.
DS200512-0036
2004
KuchkinAshchepkov, I.V., Vladykin, Rotman, Loginova, Afanasiev, Palessky, Saprykin, Anoshin, Kuchkin, KhmelnikovaMir and Internationalnaya kimberlite pipes - trace element geochemistry and thermobarometry of mantle minerals.Deep seated magmatism, its sources and their relation to plume processes., pp. 194-208.RussiaGeobarometry - Mir, International
DS200612-0046
2005
KuchkinAshchepkov, I.V., Vladykin, Rotman, Afansiev, Loginova, Kuchkin, Palessky, Nikolaeva, Saprykin, AnoshinVariations of the mantle mineralogy and structure beneath Upper - Muna kimberlite field.Problems of Sources of Deep Magmatism and Plumes., pp. 170-187.RussiaMineralogy
DS200512-0034
2004
Kuchkin, A.Ashchepkov, I.V., Vladykin, N.V., Rotman, A.Y., Loginova, A.M., Nikolaeva, L.A., Palessky, V.S., Saprykin, A.I., Anoshin, G.N., Kuchkin, A., Khmelnikova, O.S.Reconstructions of the mantle layering beneath the Alakite kimberlite field: comparative characteristics of the mineral geochemistry and TP sequences.Deep seated magmatism, its sources and their relation to plume processes., pp. 160-177.RussiaGeochemistry - Alakite
DS1990-1456
1990
Kuchs, R.P.Teskey, D.J., Dods, S.D., Kuchs, R.P.New high resolution aeromagnetic survey of Lake Superior- a contribution to the Great Lakes International multidisciplinary program on crustal evolutionGLIMPCE.Geological Association of Canada (GAC)/Mineralogical Association of Canada (MAC) Vancouver 90 Program with Abstracts, Held May 16-18, Vol. 15, p. A129.. AbstractMidcontinentGeophysics -aeromagnetics, GLIMPCE.
DS1985-0119
1985
Kuchuk, V.I.Chernobe, YM., Kuchuk, V.I., Klochkov, O.V., Golikova, E.V.Influence of Temperature on the Coagulation of Natural Diamond Suspensions.Colloid Journal, Vol. 47, No. 2, MAR-APRIL PP. 361-362.RussiaBlank
DS1985-0373
1985
Kuchuk, V.I.Kuchuk, V.I., Golikova, E.V., Chernoberezhakii, YU.M.Potentiometric Titration of a Natural Diamond MicropowderColloid Journal, Vol. 46, No. 6, PP. 982-987.GlobalDiamond Properties
DS1989-0260
1989
Kuchuk, V.I.Chernobe, Y.M., Kuchuk, V.I., et al.Temperature dependence of stability of natural diamond dispersions inALCL3 solutions.(technical note).(Russian)V. Lenin Fiz., (russian), Vol. 1, Feb, pp. 103-106GlobalNatural diamond, Diamond morphology
DS2002-0459
2002
KucksFinn, C.A., Pilkington, M., Miles, Hernadez, Cuevas, Velez, Sweeney, KucksThe new North American magnetic anomaly mapGeological Society of America Annual Meeting Oct. 27-30, Abstract p. 387.United States, CanadaMap - magnetic
DS200612-0675
2006
KucksKeller, G.R., Hildenbrand, Kucks, Webring, Briesacher, Rujawitz, Hittleman, Roman, Winester, Aldouri et al.A community effort to construct a gravity database for the United States and an associated Web portal.In: Sinha, A.K. Geoinformatics: data to knowledge, GSA Special Paper, 397, 397, pp.21-34 rUnited StatesGeophysics - gravity data
DS1980-0174
1980
Kucks, R.P.Hildenbrand, T.G., Kucks, R.P., Kane, M.F., Hendricks, J.D.Aeromagnetic Map and Associated Depth Map of the Upper Mississippi Embayment Region.United States Geological Survey (USGS) miscellaneous FIELD MAP, No. MF-1158, 1: 1, 000, 000.GlobalMid-continent
DS1990-0210
1990
Kucks, R.P.Blank, H.R., Kucks, R.P.Preliminary aeromagnetic, gravity and generalized geologic maps of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Basin and Range-Colorado plateau transition zone study area in southwestUtah, NevadaUnited States Geological Survey (USGS) Open File, No. 89-0432, 16p. 3 oversize sheets 1: 250, 000Colorado Plateau, UtahGeophysics -magnetics, gravity, Map
DS1991-1711
1991
Kucks, R.P.Teskey, D.J., Thomas, M.D., Gibb, R.A., Dods, S.D., Kucks, R.P.High resolution aeromagnetic survey of Lake SuperiorEos, Vol. 72, No. 8, February 19, p. 81, 85, 86Ontario, MichiganBlank
DS1999-0503
1999
Kudari, S.A.D.Nayak, S.S., Kudari, S.A.D.Search for kimberlites in Kalyandurg block, Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh and Bellary and Tumkur districts.Geological Society of India Records, Vol. 132,5, pp.35-39.India, KarnatakaKimberlite
DS200412-1414
2001
Kudari, S.A.K.Nayak, S.S., Rao, K.R.P., Kudari, S.A.K., Ravi, S.Geology and tectonic setting of kimberlites and lamproites of southern India.Geological Society of India Special Publication, No.58, pp. 603-613.IndiaTectonics
DS200612-0968
2001
Kudati, S.A.D.Nayak, S.S., Rao, K.R.P., Kudati, S.A.D., Ravi, S.Geology and tectonic setting of the kimberlites and lamproites of southern India. Wajrakarur, Natayanpet, Dharwar Craton, Chigicherla.National Seminar on Exploration Survey, Geological Society of India Special Publication, No. 58, pp. 567-575.India, Andhra PradeshTectonics
DS200812-1287
2008
Kudi, Y.Yamaguchi, H., Salto, I., Kudi, Y., Masuzawa, T., Yamada, T., Kudo, M., Takakuma, Y., Okano, K.Electron emission mechanism of hydrogeneated natural type IIb diamond (111).Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 17, 2, pp. 162-166.TechnologyType II diamonds
DS200612-0421
2006
Kudin, A.Galimov, E., Kudin, A., Skorobogatskii, V., Plotnichenko, V., Bondarev, O., Zarubin, B., Strazdovskii, V., Aronin, A., Fisenko, A., Bykov, I., Barinov, A.Experimental corrobation of the synthesis of diamond in the cavitation process.Doklady Physical Chemistry, Vol. 49, 3, pp. 150-153.TechnologyDiamond synthesis
DS1991-0191
1991
Kudjavtseva, G.P.Bulanova, B., Varlamov, D.A., Garanin, V.K., Kudjavtseva, G.P.Chemico-genetic classification of the most important minerals-satellites Of the diamondProceedings of Fifth International Kimberlite Conference held Araxa June 1991, Servico Geologico do Brasil (CPRM) Special, pp. 490-491RussiaMineral chemistry, Genesis
DS1988-0203
1988
Kudo, A.M.Erskine, D.B., Brookins, D.G., Kudo, A.M., Ward, D.B.Geochemistry of rocks with absarokititc and shoshoniti caffinities From the Absaroka volcanic field, WyomingGeological Society of America (GSA) Abstract Volume, Vol. 20, No. 3, February p. 159. AbstractWyomingBlank
DS200812-1286
2008
Kudo, M.Yamaguchi, H.,Kudo, Y., Masuzawa, T., Kudo, M., Yamada, Takakuwa, OkanoCombine x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy/ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy/field emission spectroscopy for characterization of electron emmision of diamond.Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, Vol. 26, 2, pp. 730-734. American Vacuum SocietyTechnologyDiamond emission
DS200812-1287
2008
Kudo, M.Yamaguchi, H., Salto, I., Kudi, Y., Masuzawa, T., Yamada, T., Kudo, M., Takakuma, Y., Okano, K.Electron emission mechanism of hydrogeneated natural type IIb diamond (111).Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 17, 2, pp. 162-166.TechnologyType II diamonds
DS200812-1286
2008
Kudo, Y.Yamaguchi, H.,Kudo, Y., Masuzawa, T., Kudo, M., Yamada, Takakuwa, OkanoCombine x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy/ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy/field emission spectroscopy for characterization of electron emmision of diamond.Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, Vol. 26, 2, pp. 730-734. American Vacuum SocietyTechnologyDiamond emission
DS201212-0385
2012
Kudo, Y.Kudo, Y., Hirose, K.,Murakami, M., Asahara, Y., Ozawa, H., Ohishi, Y., Hirao, N.Sound velocity measurements of CaSiO3 perovskite to 133 Gpa an implications for lowermost mantle seismic anomalies.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 349-350 pp. 1-7.MantlePerovskite
DS1996-0611
1996
Kudoh, Y.Hassan, I., Kudoh, Y., Ito, E.MgSiO3 perovskite: a HRTEM studyMineralogical Magazine, Vol. 60, No. 5, Oct 1, pp. 799-804.GlobalPerovskite
DS200612-0747
2006
Kudrayvtseva, G.P.Kudrayvtseva, G.P., Posukhova, T.V., Polazchenko, O.Diamonds from the V Grib pipe: internal structure and origin.International Mineralogical Association 19th. General Meeting, held Kobe, Japan July 23-28 2006, Abstract p. 140.RussiaGrip - diamond morphology
DS1998-0148
1998
KudriavtsevaBovkun, A.V., Garanin, V.K., Kudriavtseva, PossuklovaChemical genetic classification of microcrystalline oxides from kimberlite groundmass - system prospecting7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 91-93.Russia, Arkangelsk, Kola PeninsulaMicroprobe analyses, Deposit - Zolitskoye, Verkhotinskoye, Kepinskoye, Touri
DS1998-0149
1998
KudriavtsevaBovkun, A.V., Garanin, V.K., Kudriavtseva, PossuklovaDiamonds from Timan placers: morphology, spectroscopy and genesis7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 97-99.Russia, TimanPLacers, alluvials, Diamond morphology - types
DS1998-0150
1998
KudriavtsevaBovkun, A.V., Garanin, V.K., Kudriavtseva, PossuklovaChemical genetic classification of oxides from kimberlite groundmass as basis - evaluation of diamond7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 94-96.Russia, Yakutia, AikalHigh magnesian - spinels, Deposit - Obnazhenna, Mir, Udachnaya, Morkokka
DS1982-0215
1982
Kudriavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudriavtseva, G.P., et al.A New Variety of Eclogites in Yakutian KimberlitesDoklady Academy of Sciences Nauk SSSR., Vol. 262 , No. 6, PP. 1450-1455.RussiaKimberlite
DS1983-0240
1983
Kudriavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudriavtseva, G.P., Soshkina, L.T.Genesis of Ilmenite from KimberlitesDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section., Vol. 172, No. 1-6, MARCH PP. 102-106.RussiaGenesis, Petrography, Mineralogy
DS1998-0467
1998
Kudriavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudriavtseva, G.P.Diamonds from the M.V. Lomonosov deposit, Arkangelsk diamondiferousprovince.Ima 17th. Abstract Vol., p. A15. poster abstractRussia, Arkangelsk, Kola PeninsulaDiamond morphology, Deposit - Lomonosov
DS1998-0468
1998
Kudriavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudriavtseva, G.P., Possukhova, T.V.Diamonds of Arkhangelsk kimberlite province ( review)7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 233-235.Russia, Arkangelsk, Kola PeninsulaDiamond morphology, Deposit - Lomonosov
DS1998-0469
1998
Kudriavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudriavtseva, G.P., Vasilyeva, E.R.The fundamental study of garnets: application for prospecting and economical estimation - diamond bearing7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 236-8.Russia, Arkangelsk, Kola PeninsulaGarnet mineralogy, Deposit - Zolitsky, Verkhotinsky
DS1990-0258
1990
KudrjavtsevaBusheva, E.B., Vasiljeva, E.R., Garanin, V.K., KudrjavtsevaMineralogy of kimberlites of the northern European part of the USSRInternational Mineralogical Association Meeting Held June, 1990 Beijing China, Vol. 2, extended abstract p. 786-788RussiaKimberlites, Mineralogy
DS1994-0820
1994
KudrjavtsevaJacob, D., Jagoutz, E., Lowry, D., Mattey, D., KudrjavtsevaDiamondiferous eclogites from Siberia: remnants of Archean oceanic crustGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 58, 23, pp. 5191-207.Russia, SiberiaEclogites, Deposit -Udachnaya
DS1990-0520
1990
Kudrjavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Zhiljaeva, V.A., Kudrjavtseva, G.P., MikhailichenkoMineralogy of ferrimagnetic oxides and magnetic properties of Kimberlites and lamproitesInternational Mineralogical Association Meeting Held June, 1990 Beijing China, Vol. 1, extended abstract p. 29-30RussiaMineralogy -oxides, Lamproites, kimberlites
DS1990-0521
1990
Kudrjavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Zhukov, G.D., Kudrjavtseva, G.P., Laverova, T.N.Mineralogy of garnets with inclusions from Sitikanskaja kimberlite pipeInternational Mineralogical Association Meeting Held June, 1990 Beijing China, Vol. 2, extended abstract p. 799-801RussiaMineralogy -garnets, Sitikanskaja
DS1990-1505
1990
Kudrjavtseva, G.P.Varlamov, D.A., Garanin, V.K., Kudrjavtseva, G.P.Mineral inclusions in high grade metamorphism garnetsInternational Mineralogical Association Meeting Held June, 1990 Beijing China, Vol. 2, extended abstract p. 896-897RussiaMicroscopy, Diamond inclusions
DS1991-0114
1991
Kudrjavtseva, G.P.Bezborodov, S.M., Garanin, V.K., Kudrjavtseva, G.P., Schepina, N.A.The pecularities of the mineral composition of the diamond bearing eclogites from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipeProceedings of Fifth International Kimberlite Conference held Araxa June 1991, Servico Geologico do Brasil (CPRM) Special, pp. 481-483RussiaDiamond morphology, Garnet composition
DS1991-0137
1991
Kudrjavtseva, G.P.Bogatikov, O.A., Garanin, V.K., Kononova, K.A., Kudrjavtseva, G.P.Ore minerals from the lamproite ground massProceedings of Fifth International Kimberlite Conference held Araxa June 1991, Servico Geologico do Brasil (CPRM) Special, pp. 484-485Russia, Australia, SpainOxide mineral chemistry, Diamond evaluation
DS1991-0532
1991
Kudrjavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudrjavtseva, G.P.New technology of the searching of the diamond bearing kimberlites methodological basis and fields of applicationsProceedings of Fifth International Kimberlite Conference held Araxa June 1991, Servico Geologico do Brasil (CPRM) Special, pp. 505-507RussiaDiamond evaluation, Diamond genesis
DS1991-0533
1991
Kudrjavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudrjavtseva, G.P., Laverova, T.N.The comparative characteristics of ilmenite from the kimberlite Provinces of the USSRProceedings of Fifth International Kimberlite Conference held Araxa June 1991, Servico Geologico do Brasil (CPRM) Special, pp. 508-509RussiaIlmenite, Mineral chemistry
DS1991-0534
1991
Kudrjavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudrjavtseva, G.P., Michailichchenko, O.A.Mineralogy of oxides from the ground mass of kimberlites of Yakutia and northern European part of the USSRProceedings of Fifth International Kimberlite Conference held Araxa June 1991, Servico Geologico do Brasil (CPRM) Special, pp. 510-512RussiaMineralogy, Oxides
DS1991-0936
1991
Kudrjavtseva, G.P.Kudrjavtseva, G.P., Bushueva, E.B., Vasiljeva, E.R., Verichev, E.M.Geological structure and mineralogy of the kimberlites of the Archangelsk kimberlite provinceProceedings of Fifth International Kimberlite Conference held Araxa June 1991, Servico Geologico do Brasil (CPRM) Special, pp. 530-532RussiaDiatremes, Structure
DS1994-0958
1994
Kudrjavtseva, G.P.Kudrjavtseva, G.P., Garanin, V.K.New dat a on the internal structure of diamond and its genesisInstitute of Mining and Metallurgy (IMM) Bulletin, Economic Geology in Europe and Beyond- abstracts of meeting, p. B196, abstract only.GlobalDiamond morphology
DS1987-0235
1987
Kudrryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudrryavtseva, G.P., Marakushev, A.A., CherenkovaA new variety of deep seated high alumin a rock in kimberlite pipesInternational Geology Review, Vol. 29, No. 11, November pp. 1366-1376RussiaFerroalkremite, analyses, Anabar region
DS201906-1356
2019
Kudryatsev, A.Vasilev, E., Petrovsky, V., Kozlov, A., Antonov, A., Kudryatsev, A., Orekhova, K.The story of one diamond: the heterogeneous distribution of the optical centres within a diamond crystal from the Ichetju placer, northern Urals.Mineralogical Magazine, in press availableRussia, Uralsdiamond crystallography

Abstract: We have investigated a diamond crystal that consists of several misorientated subgrains. The main feature of the crystal is the dark in the cathodoluminescence core that has “estuary-like” boundaries extending along the subgrain interfaces. The core has more than 3100 ppm of nitrogen, and the share of the B form is more than 95%; the absorbance of the centre N3VH at 3107 cm -1 reaches 75 cm-1. The N3 centre’s absorbance, as well as N3 luminescence, is absent in the core. In the outer part of the crystal, the bright blue luminescence of the N3 centre is registered, and the N3 absorbance reaches 5.3 cm-1. These observations may be explained by the conversion of N3 centres to N3VH after attaching a hydrogen atom. After the full conversion of the N3 centres, the diamond becomes darker under CL. We hypothesize the dark core has a specific shape due to the post-growth diffusion of the hydrogen.
DS1983-0594
1983
Kudryatseva, G.Tatarintsev, V.I., Tsymbal, S.N., Garanin, V.G., Kudryatseva, G.Quenched Particles from Kimberlites of YakutiaDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section., Vol. 270, No. 1-6, PP. 144-148.RussiaPetrography
DS1989-0472
1989
Kudryatseva, G.P.Garanin, Ye.V., Guseva, Ye.V., Dergachev, D.V., Kudryatseva, G.P.Diamond crystals in garnets from slightly gneissic graniteDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section, Vol. 298, No. 1-6, April pp. 92-96RussiaDiamond morphology, Gneiss, Garnet analyses
DS1985-0214
1985
Kudryavceva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavceva, G.P., Kharkiv, A.D.The Pecularities of Eclogites from Kimberlite Pipes in Yakutia.Terra Cognita., Vol. 5, No. 4, AUTUMN, P. 441-2, (abstract.).RussiaMineralogy
DS1985-0215
1985
Kudryavt, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavt, G.P., Kharkiv, A.D.Mineralogy of Ilmenitic Hyperbasaites from Obnazhennaya Kimberlite Pipe.Inzvest. Akad. Nauk, Geol. Ser., No. 5, MAY PP. 85-101.RussiaMineralogy
DS1986-0093
1986
KudryavtsevaBotkunov, A.I., Garanin, V.K., Ivanova, T.N., Krot, A.N., KudryavtsevaOptical and colorimetric spectroscopic characteristics of garnets withNov. Dann. O Minetal. Moskva, (Russian), No. 33, pp. 120-129RussiaMineralogy, Garnet
DS1997-0368
1997
KudryavtsevaGaranin, V.K., Dummett, Amtauer, Kudryavtseva, FipkeInternal structure and spectroscopic characteristics of diamonds from Lomonosov deposit.Doklady Academy of Sciences, Vol. 353, No. 2, Feb-Mar, pp. 233-5.Russia, Kola PeninsulaDiamond - morphology, Deposit - Lomonosov
DS2001-0357
2001
KudryavtsevaGaranin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, Possoukhova, TikhovaTwo types of the Diamondiferous kimberlites from the Arkangelsk province, RussiaMineral deposits 21st. century, pp. 955-8.Russia, ArkangelskTectonics, Deposit - Zolotitsa
DS200412-1317
2004
KudryavtsevaMineeva, R.M., Speranskii, A.V., Titkov, S.V., Zhilicheva, O.M., Bershov, L.V., Bogatikov, O.A., KudryavtsevaSpectroscopic and morphological characteristics of diamonds from the Grib kimberlite pipe.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 394, 1, Jan-Feb. pp. 96-99.Russia, Kola Peninsula, ArchangelDiamond morphology, deposit - Grib
DS1975-0694
1978
Kudryavtseva, G.Bocharova, G.I., Garanin, V.K., Jilyaeva, V.A., Kudryavtseva, G.New Dat a on Exolution Lamellae in Picroilmenites from Jakutia Kimberlite Pipes.Jeol. News, Vol. 16E, No. 1, PP. 18-24.Russia, YakutiaMineralogy, Genesis, Kimberlite
DS2001-0356
2001
Kudryavtseva, G.Garanin, V.K., Gonzaga, G., Campos, J., Kudryavtseva, G.A new theory of the glacial origin of diamond placers in the Ural regionMoscow University of Geol. Bulletin., Vol. 55, No. 5, pp. 54-8.Russia, UralsAlluvials - placers, Geomorphology
DS1960-0638
1966
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Botkunov, A.I., Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Kharlamov, Ye.S.First find of syngenetic dolomite inclusions in zircon from the Mirkimberlite pipeDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section, Vol. 278, No. 1-6, pp. 161-164RussiaPetrology, Zircon
DS1975-1026
1979
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Malkov, B.A.Mantle Inclusions in Diatremes of the Northeastern Party Of the Russian PlatformDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section., Vol. 249, No. 1-6, PP. 140-143.RussiaPetrography
DS1975-1027
1979
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Soshkina, L.T.Possible Applications of Thermomagnetic Analysis in Kimberlite Body Prospecting.Vses. Mineral O-vo Zap., No. 5, PP. 621-630.RussiaKimberlite, Geophysics
DS1981-0167
1981
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P.(the Nature of Heterogeneity in Ilmenite from Kimberlites.)Mineral. Zhur., Vol. 3, No. 1, PP. 75-83.RussiaKimberlite
DS1982-0216
1982
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Kharkiv, A.D., Chistyakova, V.K.New Varieties of Eclogite of Yakutia KimberlitesDoklady Academy of Sciences Nauk SSSR., Vol. 262, No. 6, PP. 1450-1455.RussiaMineralogy
DS1983-0140
1983
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Botkunov, A.I., Garinin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P.Mineral Inclusions in Garnets of Yakutia Kimberlites.(russian)Zap. Vses Mineral. Obshch., (Russian), Vol. 112, No. 3, pp. 311-324RussiaInclusions
DS1983-0239
1983
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Krot, A.N., Kudryavtseva, G.P.Evolution of Peridotitic and Eclogitic Magmas in Kimberlitepipes.Geol. Rudn. Mest., Vol. 25, No. 4, PP. 14-28.RussiaKimberlite, Petrology, Geochemistry
DS1983-0241
1983
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., et al.Mineralogy of the Ilmenite Bearing Hyperbasites of Mir Kimberlite Pipe.Academy of Science SSSR GEOL. SER. Bulletin., No. 2, PP. 84-95.RussiaMineralogy
DS1983-0242
1983
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., et al.Mineralogy of the Ilmenite Bearing Hyperbasites of the Mirkimberlite Pipe.Izv. Akad. Nauk Sssr, Geol. Ser., No. 2, FEBRUARY, PP. 84-95.Russia, YakutiaMineralogy
DS1983-0243
1983
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Kharkiv, A.D.First discovery of a deep rock of complex composition in the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe.(Russian)Doklady Academy of Sciences Akademy Nauk SSSR, (Russian), Vol. 269, No. 6, pp. 1449-1454RussiaBlank
DS1983-0244
1983
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Kharkiv, A.D., Chistyakova, V.K.New Eclogite Variety in Kimberlite Pipes of YakutiaDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section., Vol. 262, No. 1-6, PP. 147-151.Russia, YakutiaMir, Xenoliths, Inclusions, Chemical Analyses, Geochemistry
DS1983-0432
1983
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Marakushev, A.A., Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P.The Mineralogy and Petrology of Kimberlite Pipes and Diamond Bearing Rocks.Annales Scientifiques De L' Universite De Clermont-ferrand Ii, No. 74, PP. 47-54.RussiaPetrography, Genesis, Magma
DS1984-0291
1984
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Krot, A.N., Kudryavtseva, G.P.The Evolution of Peridotite and Eclogite Magmas in Kimberlite Pipes.International Geology Review, Vol. 26, No. 1, PP. 82-97.RussiaGenesis
DS1984-0595
1984
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Posukhova, T.V., Bocharova, G.I., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Soshkina.Features of Morphology and Internal Structure of Ilmenite from kimberlites of the Malo Botuobinskii Region of Yakutia.Moscow University Geol. Bulletin., Vol. 39, No. 6, PP. 36-44.Russia, YakutiaMicroscopy, Mineralogy, Amaka Pipe, Taezhnyi
DS1985-0216
1985
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Kharkiv, A.D., Chistyakova, V.K.Mineralogy of ultrabasites with ilmenite of the Obnazhennaya kimberlitepipe.(Russian)Izves. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geol.(Russian), No. 5, pp. 85-101RussiaPetrology, Mineralogy
DS1985-0217
1985
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Kharkiv, A.D., Chistyakova, V.K.Mineralogy of Ilmenitic Ultrabasic Rocks from the Obnazhennaya Kimberlite Pipe.Izv. Akad. Nauk Sssr Ser. Geol., No. 5, PP. 85-101.Russia, SiberiaMineralogy, Lherzolite
DS1986-0080
1986
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Bocharova, G.I., Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P.Sulfide mineralization in the kimberlite of YakutiaInternational Mineralogical Association Meeting, held Bulgaria Sept. 1982, Publishing in:, Vol. 13, pp. 107-119RussiaSulphides, Kimberlite
DS1986-0094
1986
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Botkunov, A.I., Garanin, V.K., Krot, A.N., Kudryavtseva, G.P., MatsyukPrimary hydrocarbon inclusions in garnets from the Mir and Sputnikkimberlite pipesDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section, Vol. 280, No. 1-6, October pp. 136-141RussiaMineralogy, Garnet
DS1986-0095
1986
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Botkunov, A.I., Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Kharlamov, Ye.S.First find of syngenetic dolomitic inclusions in zircon from the Mirkimberlite pipeDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section, Vol. 278, No. 1-6, April, pp. 161-164RussiaMineralogy
DS1986-0261
1986
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Krot, A.N.Role of sulfides in the evolution of mantle rocks of basic and ultrabasiccomposition and in the emergence of kimberlitebodiesProceedings of the Fourth International Kimberlite Conference, Held Perth, Australia, No. 16, pp. 178-180RussiaBlank
DS1986-0262
1986
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Matsyuk, S.S., Cherenkova, A.F.Deep seated mineral associations of kimberlites from the SouthWestern periphery of the Anabar massif.(Russian)Mineral Zhurn., (Russian), Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 20-32RussiaPetrology, Mineralogy
DS1986-0263
1986
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Posukhova, T.V., Afanasjev, V.P.Morphology of kimberlite minerals: its usage for predicting and searchingfor diamond depositsProceedings of the Fourth International Kimberlite Conference, Held Perth, Australia, No. 16, pp. 457-459RussiaDiamond exploration
DS1986-0264
1986
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Prewitt, C.T.Mineralogy of ilmenite from Yakutia kimberlites14th. International Meeting I.m.a., P. 109. (abstract.)RussiaKimberlite mineralogy, Ilmenite
DS1987-0068
1987
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Botkunov, A.I., Garanin, V.K., Krot, A.N., Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garnet mineral inclusions in kimberlites of Yakutia,their genetic and practical importance.(Russian)Geol. Rudyn. Mestoroz., (Russian), Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 15-29Russia, Anabar shieldMineral inclusions, Petrology
DS1987-0236
1987
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Mikhailichencko, O.A.Vertical zoning in the Mir kimberlite pipes.(Russian)Geol. Rudn. Mestorozhd., (Russian), Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 11-26RussiaBlank
DS1987-0237
1987
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Mikhailichenko, O.A.Rapid thermomagnetic analysis of kimberlites and estimation oftheirproductivity.(Russian)Vestn. Mosk. University of Ser. 4, Geol., (Russian), No. 2, pp. 41-49RussiaGeothermometry
DS1987-0238
1987
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Mikhailichenko, O.A.Rapid thermomagnetic analysis of the study of kimberlites and evaluation of their productivityMoscow University of Geol. Bulletin, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 40-47RussiaBlank
DS1987-0239
1987
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Mikhaylichenko, A.Vertical zoning of the kimberlite Mir pipe.(Russian)Geol. Rudny. Mestord., (Russian), Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 11-26RussiaPetrology, Geothermometry
DS1987-0384
1987
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Kudryavtseva, G.P., Padera, K.Mantle derived pyrope bronzite inclusion inserpentinizedgarnet peridotite from Mohelno, CzechoslovakiaDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section, Vol. 287, No. 1-6, pp. 129-131RussiaBlank
DS1989-0471
1989
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Mikhaylichenko, O.A., SaparinDiscreteness of the natural diamond formation process. (Russian)Mineral. Zhurnal., (Russian), Vol. 11, No. 31, pp. 3-19RussiaDiamond morphology, Natural diamond
DS1989-1552
1989
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Verzhak, V.V., Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., MikhailenkoTo the problem of diamond potential relationship to the mineral composition of kimberlites and lamproites.(Russian)Geol. Rudn. Mestorozhd., (Russian), Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 15-27RussiaKimberlite, Lamproite
DS1989-1553
1989
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Verzhak, V.V., Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., MikhailichenkoTo the problem of diamond potential relationship to the mineral composition of kimberlites andlamproites.(in Russian)Geol. Rudn. Mestorozh., (Russian), Vol. 31, No. 2, Mar-Apr. pp. 15-27RussiaLamproites, Diamond potential
DS1989-1554
1989
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Verzhak, V.V., Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., MikhaylichenkoMineralogic composition of kimberlites and lamproites as an indicator of diamond potentialInternational Geology Review, Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 484-495RussiaLamproites, Kimberlites, Mineralogy -diamond poten
DS1990-0515
1990
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kasimova, R., Kudryavtseva, G.P., MikhajlichenkoMineralogy of spinels from kimberlites and lamproitesInternational Mineralogical Association Meeting Held June, 1990 Beijing China, Vol. 1, extended abstract p. 31-32RussiaMineralogy -spinels, Lamproites, kimberlites
DS1990-0516
1990
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P.Morphology, physical properties and paragenesis of inclusion -bearing diamonds from Yakutian kimberlitesLithos, Vol. 25, No. 1-3, November pp. 211-218RussiaDiamond inclusions, Diamond morphology
DS1990-0517
1990
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P.The discretion of the natural diamond formation processInternational Mineralogical Association Meeting Held June, 1990 Beijing China, Vol. 1, extended abstract p. 675-676RussiaDiamond morphology, Diamond genesis
DS1990-0518
1990
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Matsyuk, S.S., Cherenkova, A.F., CherenkovDiscovery of zircon bearing ilmenite-amphibole-pyroxenite in kimberlitesInternational Geology Review, Vol. 32, No. 11, November pp. 1086-1094RussiaPyroxenite- zircon, Geochemistry
DS1991-0115
1991
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Bezborodov, S.M., Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., et al.Mineralogy of the diamond bearing eclogites from the Udachnaya kimberlitepipe.(Russian)Mineral. Zhurn., (Russian), Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 24-35Russia, YakutiaMineralogy, Deposit -Udachnaya
DS1991-0116
1991
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Bezborodov, S.M., Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Ponailo, I.Discovery of eclogite with generations of diamond in the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe. (Russian)Doklady Academy of Sciences Akademy Nauk SSSR, (Russian), Vol. 317, No. 3, pp. 714-717RussiaDiamond genesis, Eclogite
DS1993-0116
1993
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Bezborodov, S.M., Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Ponahlo, J.Find of eclogite with two diamond generations in the Udachnaya kimberlitepipeDoklady Academy of Sciences USSR, Earth Science Section, Vol. 317 A February Publishing date pp. 190-194Russia, YakutiaDiamond morphology, Deposit -Udachnaya
DS1993-0484
1993
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Janse, A.J.A.Vertical and horizontal zoning of kimberlitesPreprint, 14p.Russia, Yakutia, Arkangelsk, South AfricaZonation, Kimberlites
DS1997-0369
1997
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Posukhova, T.V.Indicators of diamond preservation in kimberlitePapunen: 4th. Biennial SGA Meeting, pp. 767-770.Russia, ArkangelskDiamond exploration, Thermodynamics, microcrystalline oxides
DS1999-0563
1999
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Possoukhova, T.V., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Garanin, V.K.Diamonds and accompanying minerals from Arkangelsk kimberlite, RussiaStanley, SGA Fifth Biennial Symposium, pp. 667-70.Russia, Arkangelsk, Kola PeninsulaMineralogy, Deposit - Arkangel
DS2001-0638
2001
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Kudryavtseva, G.P., Tikhova, M.A., Gonzaga, G.M.Comparative charcteristics of specific morphological features of diamonds from northern and northeastern European Russia ( Urals, Timan, and Arkhangelsk).Moscow University Geology Bulletin, Vol. 56, 6, pp. 26-30.Russia, Urals, TimanDiamond - morphology
DS2003-0125
2003
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Bobrov, A.V., Verichev, E.M., Garanin, V.K., Garanin, K.V., Kudryavtseva, G.P.Xenoliths of mantle metamorphic rocks from the Diamondiferous V. Grib pipe (8 Ikc Www.venuewest.com/8ikc/program.htm, Session 6, POSTER abstractRussia, ArkangelskDeposit - Grib
DS2003-1423
2003
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Verichev, E.M., Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P.Geology, composition, conditions of formation and technique of exploration of theGeology of Ore Deposits, Vol. 45, 4, pp. 337-361.Russia, Arkangelsk, Kola PeninsulaGenesis - Grib, comparison with Lomonosov
DS200412-0173
2003
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Bobrov, A.V., Verichev, E.M., Garanin, V.K., Garanin, K.V., Kudryavtseva, G.P.Xenoliths of mantle metamorphic rocks from the Diamondiferous V. Grib pipe ( Arkangelsk province): petrology and genetic aspects8 IKC Program, Session 6, POSTER abstractRussia, Kola Peninsula, ArchangelMantle petrology Deposit - Grib
DS200412-2054
2003
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Verichev, E.M., Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P.Geology, composition, conditions of formation and technique of exploration of the Vladimir Grib kimberlite pipe, a new diamond dGeology of Ore Deposits, Vol. 45, 4, pp. 337-361.Russia, Kola Peninsula, ArchangelGenesis - Grib, comparison with Lomonosov
DS200512-0026
2005
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Appollonov, V.N., Verzhak, V.V., Garanin, K.V., Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P., Shlykov, V.G.Saponite from the Lomonosov diamond deposit.Moscow University Geology Bulletin, Vol. 59, 2, pp. 69-84.Russia, Kola Peninsula, ArchangelGeology
DS200512-0096
2005
Kudryavtseva, G.P.Bobrov, A.V., Verichev, E.M., Garanin, V.K., Kudryavtseva, G.P.The first find of kyanite eclogite in the V. Grib kimberlite pipe ( Arkangelsk Province).Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 402, 4, pp. 628-631.Russia, Kola Peninsula, ArchangelEclogite
DS200612-1265
2005
Kudryavtseva, O.P.Sharapov, V.N., Kudryavtseva, O.P.Possible variations of rock density in the Oceanic lithosphere above hot spots at the distillation of volatiles from mantle magma sources.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 403A, 6, pp. 880-885.MantleMantle plume
DS201012-0401
2009
Kuduon, J.Konig, S., Munker, C., Schuth, S., Luguet, A., Hoffmann, J.E., Kuduon, J.Boninites as windows into trace element mobility in subduction zones.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 74, 2, pp. 684-704.MantleSubduction
DS1992-0900
1992
Kudwig, K.R.Kudwig, K.R.User's manual for ANALYST version 2.00, an IBM PC computer program for control of a thermal ionization single collector mass spectrometerUnited States Geological Survey (USGS), Open file No. 92-0543, 89pGlobalComputer, Program -ANALYST.
DS1986-0265
1986
Kudyavtskaya, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Zhilyaeva, V.A., Kudyavtskaya, G.P., Savrasov, D.I.Fanciful cuts created by laser sawingGems and Gemology, Vol. XXII Fall, p. 170GlobalDiamond cutting
DS1986-0266
1986
Kudyavtskaya, G.P.Garanin, V.K., Zhilyaeva, V.A., Kudyavtskaya, G.P., Savrasov, D.I.Mineralogical factors of magnetism of kimberlite rocks.(Russian)Izvest. Annual Nauka Geol., (Russian), No. 11, November pp. 82-100RussiaGeophysics
DS201801-0065
2017
Kuebler, C.Simonetti, A., Kuebler, C.Nd, Sr, Pb and B isotopic investigation of carbonatite/alkaline centers in west central India: insights into plume driven vs lithospheric controlled magmatism.Carbonatite-alkaline rocks and associated mineral deposits , Dec. 8-11, abstract p. 17.Indiacarbonatites

Abstract: The exact origin of carbonatite magmas remains debatable as there are two main hypothesis proposed; one relates magmatism to asthenospheric upwellings and/or mantle plumes, whereas the other argues for generation from metasomatized lithosphere. However, proponents of the latter rarely describe in detail the origin of the metasomatic agents required to generate the high concentrations of rare earth and highly incompatible elements present in carbonatite magmas. In a recent study, Boron isotopic signatures of carbonatite complexes worldwide, ranging in age from ~2600 to ~65 million years old, indicate greater input of recycled (subducted), crustal material and plume activity with increasing geologic age of the Earth. More positive Boron isotopic values with increasing geologic time were attributed to the change of Earth’s geodynamics to a modern style of plate tectonics. In this study, the radiogenic (Sr, Nd, Pb) and B isotope systematics of carbonatites and alkaline rocks from west-central India are reported and discussed with reference to the plume-lithosphere interaction model previously proposed for the generation of Deccan-related alkaline centers in this region of the Indian sub-continent
DS201812-2790
2018
Kuebler, C.Cimen, O., Kuebler, C., Monaco, B., Simonetti, S.S., Corcoran, L., Chen, W., Simonatti, A.Boron, carbon, oxygen and radiogenic isotope investigation of carbonatite from the Miaoya complex, central China: evidences for late stage REE hydrothermal event and mantle source heterogeneity.Lithos, Vol. 322, pp. 225-237.Chinadeposit - Miaoya

Abstract: The Miaoya carbonatite complex (MCC) is located within the southern edge of the Qinling orogenic belt in central China, and is associated with significant rare earth element (REE) and Nb mineralization. The MCC consists of syenite and carbonatite that were emplaced within Neo- to Mesoproterozoic-aged supracrustal units. The carbonatite intruded the associated syenite as stocks and dikes, and is mainly composed of medium- to fine-grained calcite and abundant REE-bearing minerals. Carbonatite melt generation and emplacement within the MCC occurred during the Silurian (at ~440?Ma), and was subsequently impacted by a late-stage hydrothermal event (~232?Ma) involving REE-rich fluids/melt. This study reports trace element and stable (B, C, and O) and radiogenic (Nd, Pb, and Sr) isotope data for the MCC carbonatite, and these have been subdivided into three groups that represent different REE contents, interpreted as varying degrees of hydrothermal interaction. Overall, the group of carbonatites with the lowest enrichment in LREEs (i.e., least affected by hydrothermal event) is characterized by ?11B values that vary between ?7 (typical asthenospheric mantle) and?+?4‰; ?11B values and B abundances (~0.2 to ~1?ppm) do not correlate with LREE contents. The Sm-Nd and Pb-Pb isotope systems have both been perturbed by the late-stage, REE-rich hydrothermal activity and corroborate open-system behavior. Contrarily, initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (vary between ~0.70355 and 0.70385) do not correlate significantly with both LREEs and Sr abundances, nor with initial 143Nd/144Nd ratios. The late-stage hydrothermal event overprinted the Nd and Pb isotope compositions for most of the carbonatite samples examined here, whereas a majority of the samples preserve their variable B and Sr isotope values inherited from their mantle source. The B and Sr isotope data for carbonatites exhibiting the least LREE enrichment correlate positively and suggest carbonatite melt generation from a heterogenous upper mantle source that records the input of recycled crustal material. This finding is consistent with those previously reported for young (<300?Ma old) carbonatites worldwide.
DS201908-1775
2019
Kuebler, C.Cimen, O., Kuebler, C., Simonetti, S.S., Corcoran, L., Mitchell, R., Simonetti, A.Combined boron, radiogenic ( Nd, Pb, Sr) stable (C,O) isotopic and geochemical investigations of carbonatites from the Blue River region, British Columbia ( Canada): implications for mantle sources and recycling of crustal carbon.Chemical Geology, in press available, 59p. PdfCanada, British Columbiadeposit - Blue River

Abstract: This study reports the combined major, minor and trace element compositions, and stable (C, O), radiogenic (Nd, Pb, and Sr) isotopic compositions, and first ?11B isotopic data for the Fir, Felix, Gum, and Howard Creek carbonatites from the Blue River Region, British Columbia (Canada). These sill-like occurrences were intruded into Late Proterozoic strata during rifting and extensional episodes during the Late Cambrian and Devonian -Mississippian, and subsequently deformed and metamorphosed to amphibolite grade in relation to a collisional-type tectonic environment. The carbonatites at Fir, Gum, and Felix contain both calcite and dolomite, whereas the carbonatite at Howard Creek contains only calcite. The dolomite compositions reported here are consistent with those experimentally determined by direct partial melting of metasomatized peridotitic mantle. The combined major and trace element compositions and ?13CPDB (?5.37 to ?4.85‰) and ?18OSMOW (9.14 to 9.62‰) values for all the samples investigated are consistent with those for primary igneous carbonate and support their mantle origin. However, these signatures cannot be attributed to closed system melt differentiation from a single parental melt. The initial Nd, Pb, and Sr isotopic ratios are highly variable and suggest generation from multiple, small degree parental melts derived from a heterogeneous mantle source. The ?11B values for carbonates from Felix, Gum, and Howard Creek vary between ?8.67 and ?6.36‰, and overlap the range for asthenospheric mantle (?7.1?±?0.9‰), whereas two samples from Fir yield heavier values of ?3.98 and ?2.47‰. The latter indicate the presence of recycled crustal carbon in their mantle source region, which is consistent with those for young (<300?Ma) carbonatites worldwide. The radiogenic and B isotope results for the Blue River carbonatites are compared to those from contrasting, anorogenic tectonic settings at Chipman Lake, Fen, and Jacupiranga, and indicate that similar upper mantle sources are being tapped for carbonatite melt generation. The pristine, mantle-like ?11B values reported here for the Blue River carbonatites clearly demonstrate that this isotope system is robust and was not perturbed by post-solidification tectono-metamorphic events. This observation indicates that B isotope signatures are a valuable tool for deciphering the nature of the upper mantle sources for carbonates of igneous origin.
DS201909-2030
2019
Kuebler, C.Cimen, O., Kuebler, C., Simonetti, S.S., Corcoran, L., Mitchell, R., Simonetti, A.Combined boron, radiogenic (Nd, Pb, Sr), stable (C,O) isotopic and geochemical investigations of carbonatites from the Blue River region, British Columbia ( Canada): implications for mantle sources and recycling of crustal carbon.Chemical Geology, doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.07.015 59p.Canada, British Columbiacarbonatite - Blue River

Abstract: This study reports the combined major, minor and trace element compositions, and stable (C, O), radiogenic (Nd, Pb, and Sr) isotopic compositions, and first ?11B isotopic data for the Fir, Felix, Gum, and Howard Creek carbonatites from the Blue River Region, British Columbia (Canada). These sill-like occurrences were intruded into Late Proterozoic strata during rifting and extensional episodes during the Late Cambrian and Devonian -Mississippian, and subsequently deformed and metamorphosed to amphibolite grade in relation to a collisional-type tectonic environment. The carbonatites at Fir, Gum, and Felix contain both calcite and dolomite, whereas the carbonatite at Howard Creek contains only calcite. The dolomite compositions reported here are consistent with those experimentally determined by direct partial melting of metasomatized peridotitic mantle. The combined major and trace element compositions and ?13CPDB (?5.37 to ?4.85‰) and ?18OSMOW (9.14 to 9.62‰) values for all the samples investigated are consistent with those for primary igneous carbonate and support their mantle origin. However, these signatures cannot be attributed to closed system melt differentiation from a single parental melt. The initial Nd, Pb, and Sr isotopic ratios are highly variable and suggest generation from multiple, small degree parental melts derived from a heterogeneous mantle source. The ?11B values for carbonates from Felix, Gum, and Howard Creek vary between ?8.67 and ?6.36‰, and overlap the range for asthenospheric mantle (?7.1?±?0.9‰), whereas two samples from Fir yield heavier values of ?3.98 and ?2.47‰. The latter indicate the presence of recycled crustal carbon in their mantle source region, which is consistent with those for young (<300?Ma) carbonatites worldwide. The radiogenic and B isotope results for the Blue River carbonatites are compared to those from contrasting, anorogenic tectonic settings at Chipman Lake, Fen, and Jacupiranga, and indicate that similar upper mantle sources are being tapped for carbonatite melt generation. The pristine, mantle-like ?11B values reported here for the Blue River carbonatites clearly demonstrate that this isotope system is robust and was not perturbed by post-solidification tectono-metamorphic events. This observation indicates that B isotope signatures are a valuable tool for deciphering the nature of the upper mantle sources for carbonates of igneous origin.
DS202007-1133
2020
Kuebler, C.Cimen, O., Corcoran, L., Kuebler, C., Simonetti, S.S., Simonetti, A.Geochemical, stable ( O, C, and B) and radiogenic ( Sr, Nd, Pb) isotopic data from the Eskisehir-Kizulxaoren ( NW-Anatolia) and the Malatya-Kuluncak ( E- central Anatolia) F-REE-Th deposits, Turkey: implications for nature of carbonate-hosted mineralizatiTurkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 29, doe:10.3906/yer-2001-7 18p. PdfEurope, TurkeyREE
DS202103-0373
2020
Kuebler, C.Cimen, O., Corcoran, L., Kuebler, C., Simonetti, S., Simonetti, A.Geochemical stable (O, C, and B) and radiogenic ( Sr, Nd, Pb) isotopic data from the of carbonate hosted mineralization.Eskisehir- Kizilcaoren ( NW Anatolia) and the Malatya-Kuluncak( E-central Anatolia) F-REE-Th deposits, Turkey: implications for natureTurkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 29, pp. 798-814. pdfEurope, TurkeyREE

Abstract: In Turkey, the largest fluorine (F)-rare earth element (REE)-thorium (Th) deposits are located within the Eski?ehir-K?z?lcaören (north-western Anatolia) and the Malatya-Kuluncak (east-central Anatolia) regions, and these are associated with Oligocene extensional alkaline volcanic and Late Cretecaous-Early Paleocene postcollisional intrusive rocks, respectively. In the K?z?lcaören region, the basement units include the Triassic Karakaya Complex and the Late Cretaceous oceanic units (Neotethyan suture) that are cut and overlain by phonolite and carbonatite intrusions and lava flows. In the Kuluncak region, the plutonic rocks are mainly composed of syenite, quartz syenite, and rare monzonite, and these cut the late-Cretaceous Karap?nar limestone, which hosts the F-REE-Th mineralization in contact zones. A carbonatite sample from the K?z?lcaören region displays both a total rare earth element (TREE) concentration (4795 ppm) and ?11B (-6.83‰) isotope composition consistent with mantle-derived carbonatite; whereas it is characterized by heavier ?13C (+1.43‰) and ?18O (+20.23‰) isotope signatures compared to those for carbonatites worldwide. In contrast, the carbonates which host the F-REE-Th mineralization in the Kuluncak region are characterized by lower TREE concentrations (5.13 to 55.88 ppm), and heavier ?13C (-0.14 to -0.75‰), ?18O (+27.36 to +30.61‰), and ?11B (+5.38 to +6.89‰) isotope ratios compared to mantle-derived carbonatites. Moreover, the combined initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.70584 to 0.70759) and 143Nd/144Nd (0.512238 to 0.512571) isotope ratios for samples investigated here are distinct and much more radiogenic compared to those for carbonatites worldwide, and therefore indicate significant crustal input and/or hydrothermal metasomatic-related alteration. Overall, stable and radiogenic isotope data suggest that the host carbonate rocks for the F-REE-Th mineralization in both the K?z?lcaören and the Kuluncak regions consist of hydrothermally metasomatized carbonatite and limestone, respectively. The mineralization in the K?z?lcaören region may potentially be related to carbonatite magmatism, whereas the mineralization in the Kuluncak region, which most likely formed through interactions between the plutonic rocks and surrounding limestone at contact metamorphism zone, involved hydrothermal/magmatic fluids associated with extensive postcollisional magmatism.
DS2001-1226
2001
Kuehnel, R.Wen. L., Silver, P., James, D., Kuehnel, R.Seismic evidence for a thermo chemical boundary at the base of the Earth'smantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 189, No. 3-4, July 15, pp. 141-54.MantleGeophysics - seismics, Boundary
DS1980-0202
1980
Kuehner, S.Kuehner, S.Petrogenesis of Ultrapotassic Rocks of the Leucite Hills, Wyoming.Msc. Thesis, University Western Ontario, United States, Wyoming, Rocky MountainsLamproite, Leucite
DS201809-2096
2018
Kuehner, S.Sun, Y., Teng, F.Z., Kuehner, S., Pang, K.N.Origins of Leucite Hills lamproites constrained by magnesium isotopes.Goldschmidt Conference, 1p. AbstractUnited States, Wyominglamproites

Abstract: Lamproites are commonly found in post-collisional or intracontinental environments and characterized by unique elemental and radiogenic isotopic signatures that signify derivation from the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. An improved understanding on their genesis is important regarding the dynamics of the Earth’s mantle lithosphere, and requires knowledge in identifying source components and magmatic processes. In order to better constrain the mechanism producing the geochemical diversity of lamproites, we measure the elemental and Mg isotopic compositions of a suite of lamproites from the well-known locality Leucite Hills, Wyoming, U.S.A. The two types of lamproites therein, madupitic and phlogopite lamproites, display distinct characteristics in many element and Mg isotope diagrams. These variations cannot be ascribed to crustal contamination, fractional crystallization or source heterogeneity. Instead, the strong correlations between melting-sensitive elemental ratios (e.g., Sm/Yb and La/Yb) and indices of carbonatitic metasomatism (e.g., CaO/Al2O3, Hf/Hf*, and Ti/Ti*) with ?26Mg indicate that variable degrees of partial melting of a common carbonated mantle source have generated the observed geochemical distinctions of the Leucite Hills lamproites. Our study reveals that geochemical variations in a given lamproite suite might have been controlled mainly by the degree of mantle melting.
DS202107-1140
2021
Kuehner, S.Sun, Y., Teng, F-Z., Pang, K-N., Ying, J-F, Kuehner, S.Multistage mantle metasomatism deciphered by Mg-Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes in the Leucite Hills lamproite.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 176, 45, 10.1007/s00410-021-01801-9 pdfUnited States, Wyomingdeposit - Leucite Hills

Abstract: Cratonic lamproites bear extreme Sr?Nd?Pb isotopic compositions widely known as enriched mantle I (EMI), yet the origin of the EMI reservoir remains controversial. Here, we explore this issue by examining Mg?Sr?Nd?Pb isotopic compositions of lamproites from Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA. The ?26Mg values vary from the range of the normal mantle to lower values (? 0.43 to ? 0.18 ‰), correlating with indices of the degree of carbonate metasomatism, an observation that can be best explained through mantle metasomatism by subducted carbonate-bearing sediments. With increasing extent of carbonate metasomatism, these samples display less extreme EMI Sr?Nd?Pb isotopic signatures, arguing for at least two metasomatic events that occurred in their mantle sources. The early metasomatic event associated with subducted continent-derived siliciclastic sediments led to the formation of the EMI Sr?Nd?Pb isotopic signatures while the recent carbonate metasomatism produced the light Mg isotopic signature but diluted the EMI Sr?Nd?Pb isotopic signatures. Our study indicates that a combination of Mg and Sr?Nd?Pb isotopes could be an effective tool in deciphering multiple-stage metasomatic events in mantle sources and places new constraints on the generation of enriched mantle reservoirs.
DS1980-0203
1980
Kuehner, S.M.Kuehner, S.M., Edgar, A.D., Arima, M.Origin of the Ultrapotassic Rocks from the Leucite Hills, Wyoming.Geological Society of America (GSA), Vol. 12, No. 7, P. 467. (abstract.).United States, Wyoming, Rocky Mountains, Leucite HillsLeucite Hills, Leucite, Rocky Mountains
DS1981-0255
1981
Kuehner, S.M.Kuehner, S.M., Edgar, A.D., Arima, M.Petrogenesis of the Ultrapotassic Rocks from the Leucite Hills, Wyoming.American Mineralogist., Vol. 66, No. 7-8, PP. 663-677.United States, Wyoming, Rocky Mountains, Leucite HillsBlank
DS1984-0437
1984
Kuehner, S.M.Kuehner, S.M., Green, D.H.Mafic Dikes from the Vestfold Hills, AntarcticaGeological Society of Australia., No. 12, ABSTRACT VOLUME PP. 314-316.GlobalGeochronology, Petrography
DS1989-0834
1989
Kuehner, S.M.Kuehner, S.M., Laughlin, J.R., Grossman, L., Johnson, M.L., BurnettDetermination of trace element mineral/liquid partition coefficients in melilite and diopside by ion and electron microprobe techniquesGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 53, pp. 3115-3130GlobalMelilite, Experimental petrology
DS1992-0124
1992
Kuehner, S.M.Bierman, P.R., Kuehner, S.M.Accurate and precise measurement of rock varnish chemistry using scanning electron microscope (SEM)/Energy Dispersive SpectrometerChemical Geology, Vol. 95, No. 3-4, February 5, pp. 283-298GlobalGeochemistry, Rock varnish
DS1992-0758
1992
Kuehner, S.M.Irving, A.J., Hirschmann, M.M., Kuehner, S.M.Exsolution of chromite and diopside from mantle olivine: Montana dunitexenoliths and the Twin Sisters duniteEos Transactions, Vol. 73, No. 14, April 7, supplement abstracts p.336Montana, WashingtonMantle, Xenoliths
DS1994-0959
1994
Kuehner, S.M.Kuehner, S.M., Joswiak, D.J.Ferric iron sanidine from the Leucite Hills Wyoming lamproites: diffraction characterization.Geological Society of America (GSA) Abstract Volume, Vol. 26, No. 7, ABSTRACT only p. A481.WyomingMineralogy, Lamproite, Leucite Hills
DS1996-0791
1996
Kuehner, S.M.Kuehner, S.M., Joswiak, D.J.Naturally occurring ferric iron sanidine from the Leucite Hills lamproiteAmerican Mineralogist, Vol. 81, No. 1-2, Jan-Feb. pp. 229-237.WyomingLamproite, Deposit -Leucite Hills
DS1998-0661
1998
Kuehner, S.M.Irving, A.J., Kuehner, S.M.Petrology and geochemistry of the Ruby Slipper lamproite: a leucite bearing ultrapotassic magma ...7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 349-51.MontanaArc - Eocene continental, Deposit - Ruby Slipper
DS1998-0813
1998
Kuehner, S.M.Kuehner, S.M., Irving, A.J.Corundum kyanite eclogite, grospydite and epidote amphibolite of probable subducted slab origin ...7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 475-7.WyomingPaleogene diamondiferous pipes, Deposit - Cedar Mountain
DS2003-0623
2003
Kuehner, S.M.Irving, A.J., Kuehner, S.M., Ellsworth, P.C.Petrology and thermobarometry of mantle xenoliths from the Eocene Homestead8 Ikc Www.venuewest.com/8ikc/program.htm, Session 6, AbstractMontanaMantle petrology, Deposit - Homestead
DS2003-0755
2003
Kuehner, S.M.Kuehner, S.M., Irving, A.J., O'Brien, H.E.A kalborsite pitiglianoite kalsilite shcherbakovite barytolam prophyllite wadeite bearing8 Ikc Www.venuewest.com/8ikc/program.htm, Session 7, POSTER abstractMontanaBlank
DS200412-0875
2003
Kuehner, S.M.Irving, A.J., Kuehner, S.M., Ellsworth, P.C.Petrology and thermobarometry of mantle xenoliths from the Eocene Homestead kimberlites, central Montana, USA.8 IKC Program, Session 6, AbstractUnited States, MontanaMantle petrology Deposit - Homestead
DS200412-1061
2003
Kuehner, S.M.Kuehner, S.M., Irving, A.J., O'Brien, H.E.A kalborsite pitiglianoite kalsilite shcherbakovite barytolam prophyllite wadeite bearing lamproitic dike from the northern Highw8 IKC Program, Session 7, POSTER abstractUnited States, MontanaKimberlite petrogenesis
DS1988-0516
1988
Kuendig, W.Odermatt, W., Baumeler, H., Keller, H., Kuendig, W., PattersonSign of hyperfine parameters of anomalous muonium in diamondPhys. Rev. B., Condensed Matter, Vol. 38, No. 7, pp. 4388-4393GlobalDiamond morphology, MuoniuM.
DS1992-0202
1992
KuentzCameron, K.L., Robinson, J.V., Niemeyer, S., Nimz, G.J., KuentzContrasting styles of Pre-Cenozoic and Mid-Tertiary crustal evolution inJournal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 97, No. B 12, November 10, pp. 17, 353-17, 376MexicoXenoliths, Crust
DS201608-1418
2016
Kueter, N.Kueter, N., Soesilo, J., Fedortchouk, Y., Nestola, F., Belluco, L., Troch, J., Walle, M., Giuillong, M., Von Quadt, A., Driesner, T.Tracing the depositional history of Kalimantan diamonds by zircon provenance and diamond morphology studies. ( kimberlite or lamproite)Lithos, in press availableIndonesia, BorneoDeposit - Kalimantan

Abstract: Diamonds in alluvial deposits in Southeast Asia are not accompanied by indicator minerals suggesting primary kimberlite or lamproite sources. The Meratus Mountains in Southeast Borneo (Province Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia) provide the largest known deposit of these so-called “headless” diamond deposits. Proposals for the origin of Kalimantan diamonds include the adjacent Meratus ophiolite complex, ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphic terranes, obducted subcontinental lithospheric mantle and undiscovered kimberlite-type sources. Here we report results from detailed sediment provenance analysis of diamond-bearing Quaternary river channel material and from representative outcrops of the oldest known formations within the Alino Group, including the diamond-bearing Campanian-Maastrichtian Manunggul Formation. Optical examination of surfaces of diamonds collected from artisanal miners in the Meratus area (247 stones) and in West Borneo (Sanggau Area, Province Kalimantan Barat;
DS201707-1342
2017
Kueter, N.Kueter, N., Soesilo, J., Fedortchouk, Y., Nestola, F., Belluco, L., Troch, J., Walle, M., Guillong, M., Von Quadt, A., Driesner, T.Tracing the depositional history of Kalimantan diamonds by zircon proveneance and diamond morphology studies. Appendix 1 and 2Academia.edu, Supplementary material app. 1 and 2, both 10p.Asia, Kalimantandeposit - Kalimantan

Abstract: Diamonds in alluvial deposits in Southeast Asia are not accompanied by indicator minerals suggesting primary kimberlite or lamproite sources. The Meratus Mountains in Southeast Borneo (Province Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia) provide the largest known deposit of these so-called “headless” diamond deposits. Proposals for the origin of Kalimantan diamonds include the adjacent Meratus ophiolite complex, ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphic terranes, obducted subcontinental lithospheric mantle and undiscovered kimberlite-type sources. Here we report results from detailed sediment provenance analysis of diamond-bearing Quaternary river channel material and from representative outcrops of the oldest known formations within the Alino Group, including the diamond-bearing Campanian–Maastrichtian Manunggul Formation. Optical examination of surfaces of diamonds collected from artisanal miners in the Meratus area (247 stones) and in West Borneo (Sanggau Area, Province Kalimantan Barat; 85 stones) points toward a classical kimberlite-type source for the majority of these diamonds. Some of the diamonds host mineral inclusions suitable for deep single-crystal X-ray diffraction investigation. We determined the depth of formation of two olivines, one coesite and one peridotitic garnet inclusion. Pressure of formation estimates for the peridotitic garnet at independently derived temperatures of 930–1250 °C are between 4.8 and 6.0 GPa. Sediment provenance analysis includes petrography coupled to analyses of detrital garnet and glaucophane. The compositions of these key minerals do not indicate kimberlite-derived material. By analyzing almost 1400 zircons for trace element concentrations with laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) we tested the mineral's potential as an alternative kimberlite indicator. The screening ultimately resulted in a small subset of ten zircons with a kimberlitic affinity. Subsequent U–Pb dating resulting in Cretaceous ages plus a detailed chemical reflection make a kimberlitic origin unfavorable with respect to the regional geological history. Rather, trace elemental analyses (U, Th and Eu) suggest an eclogitic source for these zircons. The age distribution of detrital zircons allows in general a better understanding of collisional events that formed the Meratus orogen and identifies various North Australian Orogens as potential Pre-Mesozoic sediment sources. Our data support a model whereby the majority of Kalimantan diamonds were emplaced within the North Australian Craton by volcanic processes. Partly re-deposited into paleo-collectors or residing in their primary host, these diamond-deposits spread passively throughout Southeast Asia by terrane migration during the Gondwana breakup. Terrane amalgamation events largely metamorphosed these diamond-bearing lithologies while destroying the indicative mineral content. Orogenic uplift finally liberated their diamond-content into new, autochthonous placer deposits.
DS201904-0754
2019
Kueter, N.Kueter, N., Lilley, M.D., Schmidt, M.W., Bernasconi, S.M.Experimental carbonatite/graphite carbon isotope fractionation and carbonate/graphite geothermometry.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, in press available 38p.Mantlecarbonatite

Abstract: Carbon isotope exchange between carbon-bearing high temperature phases records carbon (re-) processing in the Earth's interior, where the vast majority of global carbon is stored. Redox reactions between carbonate phases and elemental carbon govern the mobility of carbon, which then can be traced by its isotopes. We determined the carbon isotope fractionation factor between graphite and a Na2CO3-CaCO3 melt at 900-1500 °C, 1 GPa using a piston-cylinder device. The failure to isotopically equilibrate preexisting graphite led us to synthesize graphite anew from organic material during the melting of the carbonate mixture. Graphite growth proceeds by (1) decomposition of organic material into globular amorphous carbon, (2) restructuring into nano-crystalline graphite, and (3) recrystallization into hexagonal graphite flakes. Each transition is accompanied by carbon isotope exchange with the carbonate melt. High-temperature (1200 - 1500 °C) equilibrium isotope fractionation with type (3) graphite can be described by (temperature T in K). As the experiments do not yield equilibrated graphite at lower temperatures, we combined the ?1200 °C experimental data with those derived from upper amphibolite and lower granulite facies carbonate-graphite pairs (Kitchen and Valley, 1995, Valley and O'Neil, 1981). This yields the general fractionation function usable as a geothermometer for solid or liquid carbonate at ? 600 °C. Similar to previous observations, lower-temperature experiments (?1100 °C) deviate from equilibrium. By comparing our results to diffusion and growth rates in graphite, we show that at ?1100 °C carbon diffusion is slower than graphite growth, hence equilibrium surface isotope effects govern isotope fractionation between graphite and carbonate melt and determine the isotopic composition of newly formed graphite. The competition between diffusive isotope exchange and growth rates requires a more careful interpretation of isotope zoning in graphite and diamond. Based on graphite crystallization rates and bulk isotope equilibration, a minimum diffusivity of Dgraphite = 2x10-17 m2s-1 for T >1150 °C is required. This value is significantly higher than calculated from experimental carbon self-diffusion constants (?1.6x10-29 m2s-1) but in good agreement with the value calculated for mono-vacancy migration (?2.8x10-16 m2s-1).
DS201905-1054
2019
Kueter, N.Kueter, N., Lilley, M.D., Schmidt, M.W., Bernasconi, S.M.Experimental carbonatite/graphite carbon isotope fractionation and carbonate/graphite geochronology.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 253, pp. 290-306.Mantlecarbonatite
DS201905-1062
2019
Kueter, N.Nestola, F., Jacob, D.E., Pamato, M.G., Pasqualatto, L., Oliveira, B., Greene, S., Perritt, S., Chinn, I., Milani, S., Kueter, N., Sgreva, N., Nimis, P., Secco, L., Harris, J.W.Protogenetic garnet inclusions and the age of diamonds.Geology, doi.10.1130/G45781.1Mantlediamond inclusions

Abstract: Diamonds are the deepest accessible “fragments” of Earth, providing records of deep geological processes. Absolute ages for diamond formation are crucial to place these records in the correct time context. Diamond ages are typically determined by dating inclusions, assuming that they were formed simultaneously with their hosts. One of the most widely used mineral inclusions for dating diamond is garnet, which is amenable to Sm-Nd geochronology and is common in lithospheric diamonds. By investigating worldwide garnet-bearing diamonds, we provide crystallographic evidence that garnet inclusions that were previously considered to be syngenetic may instead be protogenetic, i.e., they were formed before the host diamond, raising doubts about the real significance of many reported diamond “ages.” Diffusion modeling at relevant pressures and temperatures, however, demonstrates that isotopic resetting would generally occur over geologically short time scales. Therefore, despite protogenicity, the majority of garnet-based ages should effectively correspond to the time of diamond formation. On the other hand, our results indicate that use of large garnet inclusions (e.g., >100 ?m) and diamond hosts formed at temperatures lower than ?1000 °C is not recommended for diamond age determinations.
DS201906-1307
2019
Kueter, N.Kueter, N., Lilley, M.D., Schmidt, M.W., Bernasconi, S.M.Experimental carbonatite/graphite carbon isotope fractionation and carbonate/graphite geothermometry.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 253, pp. 290-306.Mantlegeothermometry

Abstract: Carbon isotope exchange between carbon-bearing high temperature phases records the carbon (re-) processing in the Earth's interior, where the vast majority of global carbon is stored. Redox reactions between carbonate phases and elemental carbon govern the mobility of carbon, which then can be traced by its isotopes. We determined the carbon isotope fractionation factor between graphite and a Na2CO3-CaCO3 melt at 900-1500?°C and 1?GPa; The failure to isotopically equilibrate preexisting graphite led us to synthesize graphite anew from organic material during the melting of the carbonate mixture. Graphite growth proceeds by (1) decomposition of organic material into globular amorphous carbon, (2) restructuring into nano-crystalline graphite, and (3) recrystallization into hexagonal graphite flakes. Each transition is accompanied by carbon isotope exchange with the carbonate melt. High-temperature (1200-1500?°C) equilibrium isotope fractionation with type (3) graphite can be described by (temperature T in K). As the experiments do not yield equilibrated bulk graphite at lower temperatures, we combined the ?1200?°C experimental data with those derived from upper amphibolite and lower granulite facies carbonate-graphite pairs (Kitchen and Valley, 1995; Valley and O'Neil, 1981). This yields the general fractionation function usable as a geothermometer for solid or liquid carbonate at ?600?°C. Similar to previous observations, lower-temperature experiments (?1100?°C) deviate from equilibrium. By comparing our results to diffusion and growth rates in graphite, we show that at ?1100?°C carbon diffusion is slower than graphite growth, hence equilibrium surface isotope effects govern isotope fractionation between graphite and carbonate melt and determine the isotopic composition of newly formed graphite. The competition between diffusive isotope exchange and growth rates requires a more careful interpretation of isotope zoning in graphite and diamond. Based on graphite crystallization rates and bulk isotope equilibration, a minimum diffusivity of Dgraphite?=?2?×?10?17 m2s?1 for T?>?1150?°C is required. This value is significantly higher than calculated from experimental carbon self-diffusion constants (?1.6?×?10?29?m2?s?1) but in good agreement with the value calculated for mono-vacancy migration (?2.8?×?10?16?m2?s?1).
DS202004-0524
2020
Kueter, N.Kueter, N., Schmidt, M.W., Lilley, M.D., Bernasconi, S.Kinetic carbon isotope fractionation links graphite and diamond precipitation to reduced fluid sources.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 529, 115848 12p. PdfGlobalcarbon

Abstract: At high temperatures, isotope partitioning is often assumed to proceed under equilibrium and trends in the carbon isotope composition within graphite and diamond are used to deduce the redox state of their fluid source. However, kinetic isotope fractionation modifies fluid- or melt-precipitated mineral compositions when growth rates exceed rates of diffusive mixing. As carbon self-diffusion in graphite and diamond is exceptionally slow, this fractionation should be preserved. We have hence performed time series experiments that precipitate graphitic carbon through progressive oxidization of an initially CH4-dominated fluid. Stearic acid was thermally decomposed at 800 °C and 2 kbar, yielding a reduced COH-fluid together with elemental carbon. Progressive hydrogen loss from the capsule caused CH4 to dissociate with time and elemental carbon to continuously precipitate. The newly formed C0, aggregating in globules, is constantly depleted by ‰ in 13C relative to the methane, which defines a temperature dependent kinetic graphite-methane 13C/12C fractionation factor. Equilibrium fractionation would instead yield graphite heavier than the methane. In dynamic environments, kinetic isotope fractionation may control the carbon isotope composition of graphite or diamond, and, extended to nitrogen, could explain the positive correlation of and sometimes observed in coherent diamond growth zones. 13C enrichment trends in diamonds are then consistent with reduced deep fluids oxidizing upon their rise into the subcontinental lithosphere, methane constituting the main source of carbon.
DS201412-0163
2014
Kufandikwame, O.Daniels, L., Kufandikwame, O.The discovery of the lower mantle derived SWS-21 intrusion in the Mmadinare area of Botswana.GSSA Kimberley Diamond Symposium and Trade Show provisional programme, Sept. 10-12, POSTERAfrica, BotswanaSWS-21
DS1900-0411
1906
Kuftos, S.J.Handmann, P.R., Kuftos, S.J.Die KapdiamantenNatur Und Kultur, Zeitschr. Fur Schule Und Leben., JAHR. 3, HEFT 14, APRIL 15TH. PP. 417-421; HEFT 15, MAY 1ST.Africa, South AfricaHistory
DS200512-0583
2005
Kuge, K.Kuge, K., Fukao, Y.High velocity lid of East Antarctica: evidence of a depleted continental lithosphere.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, B6, June 18, B06309 10.1029/2004 JB003382AntarcticaGeophysics - seismics
DS1980-0204
1980
Kuge, S.Kuge, S., Koizumi, M., Miyamoto, Y., Takubo, H., Kume, S.Synthesis of Prismatic and Tabular Diamond CrystalsMineralogical Magazine., Vol. 43, PP. 579-581.GlobalResearch, Diamond Morphology, Synthetic
DS1989-1248
1989
Kuharic, C.A.Raab, G.A., Enwall, R.E., Cole, W.H., Kuharic, C.A., Duggan, J.S.Fast analysis of heavy metals in contaminated soils using field -portable X-ray fluorescence technology and geostatisticsPreprint from Northwest Mining Association 95th. Annual Meeting held Dec., 19pGlobalGeostatistics, X-ray fluorescence Heavy metals
DS2000-0543
2000
Kuhn, A.Kuhn, A., Glodny, J., Iden, K., Austrheim, H.Retention of Precambrian Rubidium-Strontium phlogopite ages through Caledonian eclogite facies metamorphism, Bergen ArcLithos, Vol. 51, No. 4, June pp. 305-30.Norway, WesternEclogite, metamorphism
DS200912-0415
2009
Kuhn, M.Kuhn, M., Featherstone, W.E., Kirby, J.F.Complete spherical Bouguer gravity anomalies over Australia.Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 56, 2, March pp. 213-223.AustraliaGeophysics - gravity
DS1998-0814
1998
Kuhn, M.C.Kuhn, M.C.Managing innovation in the minerals industrySociety for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration (SME)., 100p. $ 24.00GlobalBook - ad, Mining technology - management
DS1992-0901
1992
Kuhn, W.R.Kuhn, W.R.Avoiding a permanent ice ageNature, Vol. 359, No. 6392, September 17, pp. 196-197GlobalPaleoclimatology, Ice age
DS1970-0307
1971
Kuhnhenn, G.Hunt, G.H., Bolivar, S.L., Kuhnhenn, G.Kimberlite of Elliott County, KentuckyGeological Society of America (GSA), Vol. 3, No. 5, P. 323, (abstract.).United States, Appalachia, KentuckyGeology
DS1990-0890
1990
Kuhnle, R.A.Kuhnle, R.A., Southard, J.B.Flume experiments on the transport of heavy minerals in gravel bedstreamsJournal of Sedimentary Petrology, Vol. 60, No. 5, September pp. 687-696GlobalExperimental - alluvial, Heavy minerals
DS1995-1034
1995
Kuhns, R.Kuhns, R.Sedimentological and geomorphological environment of the South African shield and its control on diamonds...Mdd/seg Guidebook Nov., Extract From Society For Mining, Metallurgy And Exploration (sme)., 6p.South AfricaAlluvial, fluvial, marine, Diamonds
DS1995-1035
1995
Kuhns, R.Kuhns, R.Sedimentological and geomorphological environment of west south African continental shelf, control diamonds.American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME) Preprint, No. 95-102, 6p.South AfricaMarine diamonds, Alluvials, sedimentology, geomorphology, fluvial
DS1995-1036
1995
Kuhns, R.J.Kuhns, R.J.Source and depositional environment of placer diamonds along the west coast of South Africa.Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration (SME) Meeting, Denver March 1995, abstractSouth AfricaAlluvials, placers
DS202003-0367
2020
Kuhry, P.Turetsky, M.R., Abbott, B.W., Jones, M.C., Walter Anthony, K.. Olefeldt, D., Schuur, E.A.G., Grosse, G., Kuhry, P., Higelius, G., Koven, C., Lawrence, D.M., Gibson, C., Sannel, A.B.K., McGuire, A.D.Carbon release through abrupt permafrost thaw. ( not specific to diamonds but interest)Nature Geoscience, Vol. 13, pp. 138-143.Mantlecarbon

Abstract: The permafrost zone is expected to be a substantial carbon source to the atmosphere, yet large-scale models currently only simulate gradual changes in seasonally thawed soil. Abrupt thaw will probably occur in <20% of the permafrost zone but could affect half of permafrost carbon through collapsing ground, rapid erosion and landslides. Here, we synthesize the best available information and develop inventory models to simulate abrupt thaw impacts on permafrost carbon balance. Emissions across 2.5?million?km2 of abrupt thaw could provide a similar climate feedback as gradual thaw emissions from the entire 18?million?km2 permafrost region under the warming projection of Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. While models forecast that gradual thaw may lead to net ecosystem carbon uptake under projections of Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5, abrupt thaw emissions are likely to offset this potential carbon sink. Active hillslope erosional features will occupy 3% of abrupt thaw terrain by 2300 but emit one-third of abrupt thaw carbon losses. Thaw lakes and wetlands are methane hot spots but their carbon release is partially offset by slowly regrowing vegetation. After considering abrupt thaw stabilization, lake drainage and soil carbon uptake by vegetation regrowth, we conclude that models considering only gradual permafrost thaw are substantially underestimating carbon emissions from thawing permafrost.
DS1987-0005
1987
Kuigin, S.S.Amshinskiy, A.N., Kuigin, S.S., Rodionov, A.S.The significance of the volume of analyzed selections of accessory minerals of diamonds to characterize kimberlite bodies. (Russian)In: Methods for studying and modeling geol. phenomena, Akad. Nauk SSSR, pp. 5-16RussiaDiamond inclusions
DS200612-0748
2006
Kuiper, K.F.Kuiper, K.F., Krijgsman, W., Garces, M., Wijbrans, J.R.Revised isotopic (40 Ar 29 Ar) age for the lamproite volcano of Cabezos Negros, Fortuna Basin, eastern Beltics, SE Spain).Paleogeography Paleoclimatology Paleoecology, Vol. 238, 1-4, pp. 53-63.Europe, SpainLamproite
DS201312-0785
2013
Kuiper, K.F.Schmitz, M.D., Kuiper, K.F.High-precision geochronology.Elements, Vol. 9, pp. 25-30.TechnologyGeochronology - differences
DS200412-0873
2004
Kuiro, A.Irifune, T., Kuiro, A., Sakamoto, S., Inoue, T., Sumiya, H., Funakoshi, K.Formation of pure polycrystalline diamond by direct conversion of graphite at high pressure and high temperature.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 143-144, pp. 593-600.TechnologyUHP - mineralogy
DS201807-1505
2018
Kuit, I.F.Kuit, I.F.Coagulation of kimberlitic ore by gypsum. MillingSAIMM Diamonds - source to use 2018 Conference 'thriving in changing times'. June 11-13., pp. 219-232.Africa, South Africadeposit - Voorspoed

Abstract: Presentation: http://www.saimm.co.za/Conferences/Diamonds2018/P219-Kuit.pdf
DS1990-0891
1990
Kujansuu, R.Kujansuu, R., Saarnisto, M.Glacial indicator tracingA.a. Balkema, 260pFinland, SwedenGeomorphology, Glacial tills
DS1987-0385
1987
Kukarenko, N.A.Kukarenko, N.A.Zoning of kimberlite provinces.(Russian)Doklady Academy of Sciences Akademy Nauk SSSR, (Russian), Vol. 293, No. 5, pp. 1200-1204RussiaPetrology, Ultramafics
DS201502-0054
2015
Kukarina, E.V.Dobretsov, N.L., Koulakov, I.Yu., Litasov, K.D., Kukarina, E.V.An integrated model of subduction: contributions from geology, experimental petrology and seismic tomography.Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 56, 1-2, pp. 13-38.MantleSubduction
DS1950-0223
1955
Kukharenko, A.A.Kukharenko, A.A.Diamonds of the UralsMoscow: Gosgeol., RussiaKimberlite, Kimberley, Janlib, Diamond
DS1960-0163
1961
Kukharenko, A.A.Kukharenko, A.A.Mineralogie des Gisements AlluvionairesParis: B.r.g.m., 390P.RussiaKimberley, Mineralogy, Kimberlite
DS1970-0330
1971
Kukharenko, A.A.Kukharenko, A.A.Mineralogy of Kimberlites of the Liberian Shield (russian)Soviet Geology And Geophysics, Vol. 11, PP. 91-103.GlobalMineralogy
DS1970-0331
1971
Kukharenko, A.A.Kukharenko, A.A.Mineralogy of Kimberlites of the Liberian Shield (russian)Sovetsk. Geol., Vol. 11, PP. 91-103.West Africa, Liberia, GuineaBlank
DS1982-0353
1982
Kukharenko, K.A.Kukharenko, K.A.On the Deep Seated Structure of Earth Crust in the Regions Of Kimberlite Magmatism Development.Doklady Academy of Sciences AKAD. NAUK SSSR., Vol. 267, No. 5, PP. 1189-1191.RussiaBlank
DS1981-0256
1981
Kukharenko, N.A.Kukharenko, N.A., Mikhaylov, M.V.Improvement of a Method for Kimberlite PredictionsDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section., Vol. 247, No. 1-6, PP. 39-41.RussiaGenesis
DS1984-0438
1984
Kukharenko, N.A.Kukharenko, N.A.Crustal Structure at Depth in Areas of Kimberlite VolcanismDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section., Vol. 267, No. 1-6, JUNE PP. 104-107.RussiaTectonics
DS1987-0386
1987
Kukharenko, N.A.Kukharenko, N.A.Nature of zonation of kimberlite provinces.(Russian)Doklady Academy of Sciences Akademy Nauk SSSR*(in Russian), Vol. 293, No. 5, pp. 1200-12004RussiaKimberlite, Locations
DS1988-0382
1988
Kukharenko, N.A.Kukharenko, N.A.Zoning of kimberlite provincesDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section, Vol. 293, No. 1-6, September pp. 95-98RussiaKimberlite zoning, Alteration
DS1998-1251
1998
Kukhtina, L.M.Romashkin, A.I., Kukhtina, L.M.Mineralogy of ingilite7th. Kimberlite Conference abstract, pp. 749-51.RussiaAlkaline picrites, alkaline basalts, Ingilite
DS2003-0171
2003
Kukkonen, I.Brown, D., Carbonell, R., Kukkonen, I., Ayala, C., Golovanova, I.Composition of the Uralide crust from seismic velocity ( Vp Vs) heat flow , gravity andEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 210, 1-2, pp. 333-49.Russia, UralsGeophysics
DS200412-0222
2003
Kukkonen, I.Brown, D., Carbonell, R., Kukkonen, I., Ayala, C., Golovanova, I.Composition of the Uralide crust from seismic velocity ( Vp Vs) heat flow , gravity and magnetic data.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 210, 1-2, pp. 333-49.Russia, UralsGeophysics
DS200912-0432
2009
Kukkonen, I.Lehtonen, M., O'Brien, H., Peltonen, P., Kukkonen, I., Ustinov, V., Verzhak, V.Mantle xenocrysts from the Arkangelskaya kimberlite (Lomonosov); constraints on the composition and thermal state of the Diamondiferous lithospheric mantle.Lithos, in press availableRussia, Kola Peninsula, ArchangelDeposit - Lomonosov
DS1996-0792
1996
Kukkonen, I.T.Kukkonen, I.T., Joeleht, A.Geothermal modelling of the lithosphere in the central Baltic Shield And its southern slope.Tectonophysics, Vol. 255, No. 1/2, pp. 25-Baltic ShieldLithosphere, Geothermometry
DS1998-0815
1998
Kukkonen, I.T.Kukkonen, I.T., Peltonen, P.Geotherm and a rheological profile for the central Fennoscandianlithosphere.7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 478-9.Finland, KolaGeothermometry, Mantle xenoliths
DS1999-0338
1999
Kukkonen, I.T.Jokinen, J., Kukkonen, I.T.Random modelling of the lithospheric thermal regime: forward simulations applied to uncertainty analysis.Tectonophysics, Vol. 306, No. 3-4, June 20, pp. 277-92.GlobalGeothermometry, Lithosphere
DS1999-0339
1999
Kukkonen, I.T.Jokinen, J., Kukkonen, I.T.Inverse simulation of the lithospheric thermal regime using the Monte Carlomethod.Tectonophysics, Vol. 306, No. 3-4, June 20, pp. 293-310.GlobalGeothermometry, Lithosphere
DS1999-0381
1999
Kukkonen, I.T.Kukkonen, I.T., Peltonen, P.Xenolith controlled geotherm for the central Fennoscandian shield:implications for lithosphere -Tectonophysics, Vol. 304, No. 4, Apr. 30, pp. 301-16.Scandinavia, Finland, Sweden, Norway, Baltic StatesAsthenosphere, Geothermometry - xenoliths
DS2001-0639
2001
Kukkonen, I.T.Kukkonen, I.T., Lahtinen R.Variation of radiogenic heat production rate in 2.8 - 1.8 Ga old rocks in the central Fennoscandian shield.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 126, No. 3-4, Nov. 1, pp. 279-94.Finland, Sweden, Baltica, FennoscandiaGeothermometry
DS2003-0756
2003
Kukkonen, I.T.Kukkonen, I.T., Kinnunen, K.A., Peltonen, P.Mantle xenoliths and thick lithosphere in the Fennoscandian ShieldPhysics and Chemistry of the Earth, parts A,B,C, Vol. 28, 9-11, pp. 349-60.FennoscandiaBlank
DS200412-1062
2003
Kukkonen, I.T.Kukkonen, I.T., Kinnunen, K.A., Peltonen, P.Mantle xenoliths and thick lithosphere in the Fennoscandian Shield.Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Parts A,B.C, Vol. 28, 9-11, pp. 349-60.Europe, FennoscandiaXenoliths
DS200512-1068
2005
Kukkonen, I.T.Taniguchi, M., Kukkonen, I.T.Thermally controlled processes and preserved thermal signatures within the Earth.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, In pressMantleGeothermometry
DS200812-0614
2008
Kukkonen, I.T.Kukkonen, I.T., Kuusisto, M., Lehonen, M., Peltonen, P.Delamination of eclogitized lower crust: control on the crust-mantle boundary in the central Fennoscandian shield.Tectonophysics, Vol. 457, pp. 111-127.Europe, FinlandKimberlites discussed
DS200612-0755
2006
Kukkonen, L.T.Kuusisto, M., Kukkonen, L.T., Heikkinen, P., Pesonen, L.J.Lithological interpretation of crustal composition in the Fennoscandian Shield with seismic velocity data.Tectonophysics, in pressEurope, Finland, FennoscandiaGeophysics - seismics, wide-angle reflection
DS200412-0231
2004
Kukkonenen, I.T.Bruneton, M., Pedersen, H.A., Vacher, P., Kukkonenen, I.T., Arndt, N.T., Funke, S., Friederich, W., Farra, V.Layered lithospheric mantle in the central Baltic Shield from surface waves and xenolith analysis.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 226, 1-2, pp. 41-52.Baltic Shield, Norway, Finland, RussiaGeophysics - seismics, xenoliths
DS1991-0937
1991
Kukla, P.A.Kukla, P.A., Stanistreet, I.G.Record of the Damaran Khomas Hochland accretionary prism in centralNamibia: refutation of an ensialic origin of a late Proterozoic orogenic beltGeology, Vol. 19, No. 5, May pp. 473-476NamibiaTectonics, Damara belt
DS1991-1654
1991
Kukla, P.A.Stanistreet, I.G., Kukla, P.A., Henry, G.Sedimentary basinal responses to a Late Precambrian Wilson Cycle: the Damara Orogen and Nama Foreland, NamibiaJournal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 141-156Namibia, Southwest AfricaOrogeny, Wilson Cycle
DS200912-0455
2008
Kukreja, H.Lowman, J.P., Gait, A.D., Gable, C.W., Kukreja, H.Plumes anchored by a high velocity lower mantle in a 3D mantle convection model featuring dynamically evolving plates.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 35, 19, Oct. 16, GLO35342MantleHotspots
DS201802-0274
2017
Kukui, I.M.Ustinov, V.N., Golubev, Yu.K., Zagainy, A.K., Kukui, I.M., Mikoev, I.L., Lobkova, L.P., Antonov, S.A., Konkin, V.D.Analysis of the African province diamond prospects in relation to the Russia mineral base development abroad. *** IN RUSOtechestvennaya Geologiya ***IN RUS, No. 6, pp. 52-66. pdfAfricadiamond - arenas
DS201805-0985
2018
Kukui, I.M.Ustinov, V.N., Antaschuk, M.G., Zagainy, A.K., Kukui, I.M., Lobkova, L.P., Antonov, S.A.Prospects of diamond deposits discovery in the North of the East European platform. Karelian - KolaOres and Metals ***RUS, Vol. 1, pp. 11-26. ***RusRussiakimberlite, lamproite, dispersion haloes
DS201809-2106
2018
Kukui, I.M.Ustinov, V.N., Mosigi, B., Kukui, I.M., Nikolaeva, E., Campbell, J.A.H., Stegnitskiy, Y.B., Antashchuk, M.G.Eolian indicator mineral dispersion haloes from the Orapa kimberlite cluster, Botswana.Mineralogy and Petrology, doi.org/10.1007/s00710-018-0627-2 9p.Africa, Botswanadeposit - Orapa

Abstract: This paper presents the results of an investigation into the structure of eolian kimberlite indicator minerals (KIMs) haloes present within Quaternary Kalahari Group sediments (up to 20 m thick) overlying the Late Cretaceous kimberlites in the Orapa field in North-East Botswana. A database of more than 8000 samples shows that kimberlites create a general mineralogical blanket of KIMs of various distances of transportation from primary sources in the Orapa area. Models of the reflection and dispersion patterns of KIMs derived from kimberlite pipes including AK10/ AK22/AK23 have been revealed based on 200 selected heavy mineral samples collected during diamond prospecting activities in Botswana from 2014 to 2017. Short distance eolian haloes situated close to kimberlite bodies cover gentle slopes within plains up to 500 × 1000 m in size. They have regularly have oval or conical shapes and are characterized by the presence mainly of unabraded or only slightly abraded KIMs. A sharp reduction of their concentration from hundreds and thousands of grains / 20 l immediately above kimberlites toto 10 grains/20 l at a distance of only 100-200 m from the pipes is a standard feature of these haloes. The variation of concentration, morphology and abrasion of specific KIMs with increasing distance from the primary sources has been investigated and presented herein. Sample volumes recommended for pipes present within a similar setting as those studied, with different depth of sedimentary cover are as follows: up to 10-20 m cover at 20-50 l, 20-30 m cover at 50-100 l and 30-80 m cover at 250 l. It is important to appreciate that the discovery of even single grains of unabraded or slightly abraded KIMs in eolian haloes are of high prospecting significance in this area. The results of the research can be applied to in diamond prospecting programs in various regions with similar environments.
DS201810-2386
2018
Kukui, I.M.Ustinov, V.N., Bartolomeu, A.M.F., Zagainy, A.K., Felix, J.T., Mikoev, I.I., Stegnitskiy, Y.B., Lobkova, L.P., Kukui, I.M., Nikolaeva, E.V., Antonov. S.A.Kimberlites distribution in Angola and prospective areas for new discoveries.Mineralogy and Petrology, doi.org/10.1007/ s00710-018-0628-1 14p.Africa, Angolakimberlites

Abstract: Based on a comprehensive analysis of kimberlite pipes of Angola, including the near surface structural setting, deep lithospheric structure, pipe morphology and emplacement, mineralogical and petrographic features, diamond characteristics and locations of secondary deposits four geographical regions have been outlined within Angola representing four types of diamond bearing potential. These areas include high diamond bearing potential pipes, possible potential, no potential, and unclear potential areas. It was found that the depth of magmatism and diamond potential of kimberlites increases from the Atlantic coast in southwestern Angola into the continent in the north-easterly direction. Areas prospective for the discovery of new primary diamond deposits have been identified.
DS1930-0030
1930
Kukuk, P.Kukuk, P.Die Diamant vorkommen SuedafrikasBerg. U. Huettenm. Zeitung, No. 25South AfricaDiamond Occurrences
DS201802-0276
2017
Kukuy, I.M.Ustinov, V.N., Lobkova, L.P., Kukuy, I.M., Antashchuk, G., Nikolaeva, E.V.The Karelian Kola megacraton zoning on types of diamond primary sources. IN RUSGeology and Mineral Resources of Siberia *** IN RUS, No. 7, pp. 51-61.Russia, Kola Peninsulakimberlite - indicator minerals
DS1988-0383
1988
Kulachkov, L.V.Kulachkov, L.V.Snilinyarvi (apatite) deposit and prospecting of linear fracture carbonatite complexes.(Russian)Metod. Osnovy Poiskov I Razvedki Nerud. Polez. Isk., (Russian), 1988, pp. 51-58RussiaCarbonatite, Apatite
DS1988-0067
1988
Kulagina, D.A.Bogdanova, V.I., Kulagina, D.A.Spectrophotometric determination of sulfur In kimberlite rocks by the absorption of molybdenum blue.(Russian)Fiz. Khim. Metody Analiza Mineralov I Avtomatiz. Anal., Rabot, 1988 pp. 5-11RussiaSpectrophotometry, Kimberlites
DS1989-0835
1989
Kulagina, N.V.Kulagina, N.V., Skabichevskaya, N.A. ed.Vegetation history in the northern Siberian platform in the Pleistocence and Holocene.(Russian)Book:(Russian) Pleistocene Siberia; stratigraphy and interregional, Vol. 657, pp. 142-144RussiaGeomorphology, Vegetation -Siberian Platform
DS1993-1625
1993
Kulakov, I.Yu.Tychkov, S.A., Zakharova, T.L., Kulakov, I.Yu.Dynamics of the mantle in subduction zonesRussian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 34, No. 8, pp. 1-8.MantleGeodynamics
DS1994-0960
1994
Kulakov, I.Yu.Kulakov, I.Yu., Tychkov, S.A., Keselman, S.I.3-D structure of upper mantle of the southern margin of Siberia accordingto dat a of teleseismic tomography.Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 25-38.MantleGeophysics -seismics, Structure
DS2000-0129
2000
Kulakov, I.Yu.Bushenkova, N.A., Tychkov, S.A., Kulakov, I.Yu.Lateral heterogeneities in the upper mantle beneath southern Siberia and eastern Kazakhstan from PP SS P..Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol.41,No.8, pp. 1080-95.Russia, SiberiaGeophysics - seismics
DS1985-0534
1985
Kulakov, V.M.Plotnikova, S.P., Dudenov, YU.A., Malanina, R.V., Kulakov, V.M.The internal structure and properties of a variety of diamond of cubichabit.(Russian)Kristallografiya, (Russian), Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 1140-1144RussiaDiamond Luminescence, Diamond Morphology
DS1989-0836
1989
Kulakov, V.M.Kulakov, V.M., Plotnikova, S.P., Sedova, Ye.A.Optical and luminesence properties of unique Diamonds from the diamond fund of the USSR.(Russian)Mineral. Zhurnal., (Russian), Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 73-80RussiaDiamond morphology, Luminescence
DS1980-0205
1980
Kulakova, I.I.Kulakova, I.I., Puskin, A.N., et al.Research on the Catalytic Oxidation of Diamonds in Relation to Problems of Their Growth; Solutions Under Natural Conditions.Tsnigri, No. 153, PP. 57-64.RussiaBlank
DS1983-0489
1983
Kulakova, I.I.Ogloblina, A.I., Rudenko, A.P., Kulakova, I.I., et al.Pecularities of the Composition of Polycyclic Atomatic Hydrocarbons in Kimberlites.Doklady Academy of Sciences AKAD. NAUK SSSR., Vol. 272, No. 4, PP. 964-967.RussiaMineral Chemistry
DS1983-0580
1983
Kulakova, I.I.Skortsova, V.L., Kulakova, I.I.The Morphology of Diamond Crystals, Oxidized Under Varying ConditionsMineral. Zhur., Vol. 5, No. 6, PP. 77-81.RussiaCrystallography
DS1984-0439
1984
Kulakova, I.I.Kulakova, I.I., Ogloblina, A.I., et al.Polycyclic Aromatics in Accessory Minerals of Diamond and Their Possible Genesis.Doklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section., Vol. 267, No. 1-6, JUNE PP. 206-209.RussiaGenesis Pyrope, Mineral Chemistry
DS1985-0319
1985
Kulakova, I.I.Kaminskii, F.V., Kulakova, I.I., Ogloblina, A.I.Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Carbonado and DiamondDoklady Academy of Sciences AKAD. NAUK SSSR., Vol. 283, No. 4, PP. 985-989.RussiaBlank
DS1986-0896
1986
Kulakova, I.I.Zhdankina, O.Y., Kulakova, I.I., Rudenko, A.P.Oxidation of kimberlite diamonds by the mixtures of carbon dioxide and water steam.(Russian)Mosk. Ukr. Khem., (Russian), Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 497-501RussiaDiamond morphology
DS1987-0328
1987
Kulakova, I.I.Kaminskiy, F.V., Kulakova, I.I., Ogloblina, A.I.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in carbonado and diamondDoklady Academy of Sciences Acad. Svi. Ussr Earth Sci. Section, Vol. 283, No. 4, pp. 147-150RussiaGeochemistry, Diamond
DS1988-0685
1988
Kulakova, I.I.Tapraeva, A., Pushkin, A.N., Kulakova, I.I., Rudenko, A.P.Kinetics of oxidation of kimberlite diamonds as modified by methane andhydrogen.(Russian)V. Mosk. U. Kh., (russian), Vol, 29, No. 2, March-April pp. 211-215RussiaBlank
DS1989-0837
1989
Kulakova, I.I.Kulakova, I.I., Zhdankina, O.Yu., Rudenko, A.P.Experimental studies of the rate of diamond oxidation by water vapor and changes in crystal habits.(Russian)Mineral. Zhurn., (Russian), Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 52-61RussiaNative diamond, Morphology
DS1989-1312
1989
Kulakova, I.I.Rudenko, A.P., Kulakova, I.I.Conditions of formation of kimberlite diamond and The problem of Diamond bearing capacity from the point of view of theory of open catalyticsystems.(Russian)Geochemistry International (Geokhimiya), (Russian), No. 7, pp. 961-972RussiaDiamond genesis
DS1989-1313
1989
Kulakova, I.I.Rudenko, A.P., Kulakova, I.I.Conditions of formation of kimberlite diamonds and problem of Diamond bearing capacity from the point of view of theory of opencatalytic-systems.(Russian)Geochemistry International (Geokhimiya), (Russian), No. 7, July pp. 961-972RussiaDiamond genesis, Diamondiferous
DS1990-1276
1990
Kulakova, I.I.Rudenko, A.P., Kulakova, I.I.Kimberlite diamond formation conditions and the theory of open catalyticsystemsGeochemistry International, Vol. 27, No. 2, February pp.42-51RussiaDiamond morphology, Basite
DS1991-0938
1991
Kulakova, I.I.Kulakova, I.I., Rudenko, A.P., Skvortsova, V.I.The formation kimberlite diamonds through chemical synthesis in open catalytic systemProceedings of Fifth International Kimberlite Conference held Araxa June 1991, Servico Geologico do Brasil (CPRM) Special, pp. 533-534RussiaSynthetic diamond, Crystallography
DS1991-1602
1991
Kulakova, I.I.Skvortsova, V.L., Kulakova, I.I., Rudenko, A.P.The catalytic function of kimberlite elements in the formation of naturaldiamondProceedings of Fifth International Kimberlite Conference held Araxa June 1991, Servico Geologico do Brasil (CPRM) Special, pp. 547-548RussiaOxides, Diamond distribution
DS200612-0482
2006
Kulakova, I.I.Gottikh, R.P., Pisotskii, B.I., Kulakova, I.I.Geochemistry of reduced fluids from alkaline igneous rocks of the Khibiny Pluton.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 407, 2, Feb-Mar. pp. 298-303.RussiaMagmatism
DS200412-1063
2004
Kulakovsky, A.I.Kulakovsky, A.I.The Khibiny Lovozero binucleus vortex structure.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 394, 2, Feb-Mar. pp. 149-152.RussiaDeposit - Lovozero
DS1986-0658
1986
Kulanova, I.I.Pushkin, A.N., Kulanova, I.I., Rudenko, A.P.Influence of the nature of gases and conditions of their adsorption on the change of diamond wettability.(Russian)Zhur. Fiz. Khim., (Russian), Vol. 60, No. 8, August, pp. 1947-1950RussiaDiamond morphology
DS1985-0503
1985
Kulaskova, I.I.Ogloblina, A.I., Rudenko, A.P., Kulaskova, I.I., et al.Composition of Polycyclic Aromatics in KimberliteDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section., Vol. 272, No. 1-6, MARCH PP. 199-202.RussiaGeochemistry
DS1983-0380
1983
Kuleshov, V.N.Kuleshov, V.N., Ilupin, I.P.Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Compositions for Carbonates in Siberian Kimberlite Pipes.International Geology Review, Vol. 25, No. 11, PP. 1352-1357.RussiaGeochronology
DS1986-0466
1986
Kuleshov, V.N.Kuleshov, V.N.Isotope composition and origin of deep seated carbonates.(Russian)Trudy Instituta Geologii I Geofiziki, Akademiya Nauk SSSR (Russian), Vol. 405, 126pRussiaCarbonatite
DS200412-1064
2004
Kuleza, S.Kuleza, S., Patyk, J., Rozploch, F.Spontaneous decrease of high surface electrical conductivity in diamond exposed to atmospheric air.Chemical Physics Letters, Elsevier, Vol. 391, 1-3, pp. 56-59. Ingenta 1042486347TechnologyDiamond - conductivity
DS201212-0562
2012
Kulgin, S.S.Pokhilenko, N.P., Afanasev, V.P., McDonald, J.A., Vavilov, M.A., Kulgin, S.S., Pokhilenko, L.N., Golovin, A.V., Agashev, A.M.Kimberlite indicator minerals in terrigene sediments of lower part of Mackenzie River Basin, NWT, Canada: evidence of new craton with thick lithosphere.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Feb. 6-11, Bangalore India, AbstractCanada, Northwest TerritoriesGeochemistry - KIMS
DS1991-0838
1991
Kulhanek, O.Kebede, F., Kulhanek, O.Recent seismicity of the East African Rift system and its implicationsPhysics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 68, No. 3-4, September pp. 259-273East AfricaGeophysics -seismics, Tectonics -rifting
DS1996-0793
1996
Kulig, J.J.Kulig, J.J.The glaciation of the Cypress Hills of Alberta and Saskatchewan and its regional implications.Quaternary International, Vol. 32, pp. 53-78.AlbertaGeomorphology, Cypress Hills
DS200812-0003
2008
Kuligan, S.S.Agashev, A.M., Kuligan, S.S., Orihashi, Y., Pokhilenko, N.P., Vavilov, M.A., Clarke, D.Ages of zircons from Jurassic sediments of Bluefish River slope, NWT and the possible age of kimberlite activity in the Lena West property.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 421, 1, pp. 751-754.Canada, Northwest TerritoriesDeposit - Lena West, geochronology
DS1984-0370
1984
Kulighin, V.M.Ilupin, I.P., Vitozhents, G.CH., Kulighin, V.M.Sodium, Potassium, Cesium, Barium in Kimberlites of SiberiaGeokimiya., No. 7, JULY PP. 1014-1019.Russia, SiberiaGeochemistry, Kimberlites, Sodium, Cesium, Barium
DS1998-1175
1998
KuliginPokhilenko, N.P., Sobolev, N.V., Kuligin, ShimizuPeculiarities of pyroxenite paragenesis garnets distribution in Yakutian kimberlites .. craton mantle7th. Kimberlite Conference abstract, pp. 702-4.Russia, Siberia, YakutiaCraton - lithospheric mantle evolution, Magmatism
DS200812-0051
2008
KuliginAshchepkov, I.V., Pokhilenko, Vladykin, Rotam, Afansiev, Logvinova, Kostrovitsky, Karpenko, KuliginReconstruction of mantle sections beneath Yakutian kimberlite pipes using monomineral thermobaraometry.Geological Society of London, Special Publication, SP 293, pp. 335-352.RussiaGeothermometry
DS200812-0053
2008
KuliginAshchepkov, Pokhilenko, Vladykon, Loginova, Rotman, Afansiev, Kuligin, Malygina, Alymova, Stegnitsky, KhmetnikovaPlume interaction and evolution of the continental mantle lithosphere.Deep Seated Magmatism, its sources and plumes, Ed. Vladykin, N.V., 2008 pp. 104-121.MantlePlume
DS200912-0016
2009
KuliginAschepokov, L., Logvinova, A., Kuligin, Pokhilenko, Vladykin, Mityukhin, Alymova, Malygina, VishnyakovaClinopyroxene eclogite peridotite thermobarometry of the large Yakutian kimberlite pipes.Goldschmidt Conference 2009, p. A58 Abstract.Russia, YakutiaThermobarometry
DS201012-0016
2010
KuliginAshchepkov, I., Afanasiev, Vladykin, Pokhilenko, Ntaflos, Travin, Ionov, Palessky, Logvinova, Kuligin, MityukhinReasons of variations of the mineral compositions of the mantle rocks beneath the Yakutian kimberlite province.International Mineralogical Association meeting August Budapest, abstract p. 141.Russia, YakutiaGeothermometry
DS201012-0017
2010
KuliginAshchepkov, I., Pokhienko, N., Afansiev, V., Logvinova, A., Pokhienko, L.I., Ntaflos, Ionov, Kuligin, MityukhinMonomineral thermobarometry for the diamond inclusions from Siberia: genetic links.International Mineralogical Association meeting August Budapest, abstract p. 184.RussiaThermobarometry - Mir, Alakite
DS201012-0018
2010
KuliginAshchepkov, I.V., Pokhilenko, Vladykin, Logvinova, Afansiev, Kuligin, Malygina, Alymova, KostrovitskyStructure and evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath Siberian Craton, theromobarometric study.Tectonophysics, Vol. 485, pp. 17-41.RussiaGeothermometry
DS201012-0020
2009
KuliginAshchepkov, Vladykin, Pokhilenko, Logvinova, Kuligin, Pokhilenko, Malgina, Alymova, Mityukhin, KopylovaApplication of the monomineral thermobarometers for the reconstruction of the mantle lithosphere structure.Deep Seated Magmatism, its sources and plumes, Ed. Vladykin, N.V., p. 98-116.MantleGeothermometry
DS201112-0037
2010
KuliginAshchepkov, Ntaflos, Vladykin, Ionov, Kuligin, Malygina, Pokhilenko, Logvinova, Mityukhin, Palessky, Khmelnikova, RotmasDeep seated xenoliths from the phlogopite bearing brown breccia of the Udachnaya pipe.Vladykin, N.V., Deep Seated Magmatism: its sources and plumes, pp. 164-186.RussiaMetasomatism
DS1998-0011
1998
Kuligin, S.S.Agashev, A.M., Watanabe, T., Kuligin, S.S., PokhilenkoStrontium neodymium isotopes in the garnet pyroxenite xenoliths from Siberian kimberlites: a new insight into lithospheric..7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 11-13.Russia, SiberiaGarnet pyroxenite, mantle, Geochemistry
DS1998-0027
1998
Kuligin, S.S.Ananiev, V.A., Kuligin, S.S., Reimers, L.F., Khlestov, V.Paragenetic analysis of the upper mantle minerals from the heavy mineral concentrates of kimberlites ....7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 14-16.Russia, YakutiaMineralogy - paragenesis, xenoliths, Deposit - Udachnaya
DS1998-0816
1998
Kuligin, S.S.Kuligin, S.S., Pokhilenlo, N.P.Mineralogy of xenoliths of garnet pyroxenites from kimberlite pipes of Siberian Platform7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 480-2.Russia, SiberiaPyroxenite paragenesis, Deposit - Udachnaya, Mir, Obnazhennaya
DS1999-0561
1999
Kuligin, S.S.Pokhilenko, N.P., Sobolev, N.V., Kuligin, S.S., ShimizuPeculiarities of distribution of pyroxenite paragenesis garnets in Yakutian kimberlites and some aspects of...7th International Kimberlite Conference Nixon, Vol. 2, pp. 689-98.Russia, Yakutia, KharamaiCraton - evolution of Siberian craton, petrography, Udachnaya, Obnazhennaya
DS2001-0008
2001
Kuligin, S.S.Agashev, A.M., Watanabe, T., Kuligin, S.S., PokhilenkoRubidium-Strontium and Samarium-neodymium isotopes in garnet pyroxenite xenoliths from Siberian kimberlites: an insight into lith. mantleJournal of Mineralogy and Petrology. Sciences, Vol. 96, No. 1, pp. 7-18.Russia, SiberiaGeochronology, Lithospheric - xenoliths
DS2003-0757
2003
Kuligin, S.S.Kuligin, S.S., Malkovets, V.G., Pkhilenko, N.P., Vavilov, M.A., Griffin, W.L.Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of a unique mantle xenoliths from the8ikc, Www.venuewest.com/8ikc/program.htm, Session 4, POSTER abstractRussia, YakutiaMantle geochemistry, Deposit - Udachnaya
DS2003-1089
2003
Kuligin, S.S.Pokhilenko, L.N., Tomilenko, A.A., Kuligin, S.S., Khlestov, V.V.The upper mantle heterogeneity: thermodynamic calculations and methods of8 Ikc Www.venuewest.com/8ikc/program.htm, Session 6, POSTER abstractRussia, YakutiaBlank
DS200412-1560
2003
Kuligin, S.S.Pokhilenko, L.N., Tomilenko, A.A., Kuligin, S.S., Khlestov, V.V.The upper mantle heterogeneity: thermodynamic calculations and methods of mathematical statistics.8 IKC Program, Session 6, POSTER abstractRussia, YakutiaMantle petrology
DS200812-1190
2008
Kuligin, S.S.Tychkov, N.S., Pokhilenko, N.P., Kuligin, S.S., Malygina, E.V.Composition and origin of peculiar pyropes from lherzolites: evidence for the evolution of the lithospheric mantle of the Siberian Platform.Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 49, 4, pp. 225-239.RussiaMineralogy - garnets
DS201212-0037
2012
Kuligin, S.S.Ashchepkov, IV., Nntalfos, T., Pokhilenko, L.N., Ionov, D.A., Vladykin, N.V., Kuligin, S.S., Mityukhin, S.I., Palessky, S.V.Mantle structure beneath Udachnaya pipe reconstructed by fresh mantle xenoliths from brown breccia.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Held Bangalore India Feb. 6-11, Poster abstractRussia, YakutiaDeposit - Udachnaya
DS201312-0032
2013
Kuligin, S.S.Ashchepkov, I.V., Alymova, N.V., Logvinova, A.M., Vladykin, N.V., Kuligin, S.S., Mityukhin, S.I., Stegnitsky, Y.B., Prokopyev, S.A., Salikhov, R.F., Palessky, V.S., Khmelnikova, O.S.Picroilmenites in Yakutian kimberlites: variations and genetic models.Solid Earth, Vol. 5, pp. 1259-1334.Russia, YakutiaDeposits
DS201312-0034
2012
Kuligin, S.S.Ashchepkov, I.V., Kuligin, S.S., Vavilov, M.A., Vladykin, N.V., Nigmatulina, E.NB., Lkhmelnikova, O.S., Rotman, A.Ya.Characteristic feature of the mantle beneath Kharamai field in comparison with the other regions in Prianabarie.Vladykin, N.V. ed. Deep seated magmatism, its sources and plumes, Russian Academy of Sciences, pp. 226-RussiaGeophysics - seismics
DS201312-0045
2013
Kuligin, S.S.Ashchepkov, I.V., Ntaflos, T., Kuligin, S.S., Malygina, E.V., Agashev, A.M., Logvinova, A.M., Mitukhin, S.I., Vladykin, N.V.Deep seated xenoliths from the brown breccia of the Udachnaya pipe, Siberia.Proceedings of the 10th International Kimberlite Conference, Vol. 1, Special issue of the Journal of Geological Society of India, Vol. 1, pp. 59-73.RussiaDeposit - Udachnaya
DS201412-0021
2014
Kuligin, S.S.Ashchepkov, I.V., Alymova, N.V., Lognova, A.M., Vladykin, N.V., Kuligin, S.S., Lityukhin, S.I., Downes, H., Stegnitsky, Yu.B., Prokopiev, S.A., Salikhov, R.F., Palessky, V.S., Khmelnikova, O.S.Picroilmenites in Yakutian kimberlites: variations and genetic models.Solid Earth, Vol. 5, pp. 915-938.Russia, YakutiaKimberlite genesis
DS201412-0022
2014
Kuligin, S.S.Ashchepkov, I.V., Vladykin, N.N., Ntaflos, T., Kostrovitsky, S.I., Prokopiev, S.A., Downes, H., Smelov, A.P., Agashev, A.M., Logvinova, A.M., Kuligin, S.S., Tychkov, N.S., Salikhov, R.F., Stegnitsky, Yu.B., Alymova, N.V., Vavilov, M.A., Minin, V.A., BabusLayering of the lithospheric mantle beneath the Siberian Craton: modeling using thermobarometry of mantle xenolith and xenocrysts. Tectonophysics, Vol. 634, 5, pp. 55-75.Russia, YakutiaDaldyn, Alakit, Malo-Botuobinsky fields
DS202010-1829
2013
Kuligin, S.S.Ashchepkov, I.V., Alymova, N.V., Loginova, A.M., Vladykin, N.V., Kuligin, S.S., Mityukhin, S.I., Stegnitsky, Y.B., Prokopiev, S.A., Salikhov, R.F., Palessky, V.S., Khmelnikova, O.S.Picroilmenites in Yakutian kimberlites: variations and genetic models. Solid Earth Discussions, Vol. 5, pp. 1-75. pdf * note dateRussia, Yakutiapicroilmenites

Abstract: Major and trace element variations in picroilmenites from Late Devonian kimberlite pipes in Siberia reveal similarities within the region in general, but show individual features for ilmenites from different fields and pipes. Empirical ilmenite thermobarometry (Ashchepkov et al., 2010), as well as common methods of mantle thermobarometry and trace element geochemical modeling, shows long compositional trends for the ilmenites. These are a result of complex processes of polybaric fractionation of protokimberlite melts, accompanied by the interaction with mantle wall rocks and dissolution of previous wall rock and metasomatic associations. Evolution of the parental magmas for the picroilmenites was determined for the three distinct phases of kimberlite activity from Yubileynaya and nearby Aprelskaya pipes, showing heating and an increase of Fe# (Fe# = Fe / (Fe + Mg) a.u.) of mantle peridotite minerals from stage to stage and splitting of the magmatic system in the final stages. High-pressure (5.5-7.0 GPa) Cr-bearing Mg-rich ilmenites (group 1) reflect the conditions of high-temperature metasomatic rocks at the base of the mantle lithosphere. Trace element patterns are enriched to 0.1-10/relative to primitive mantle (PM) and have flattened, spoon-like or S- or W-shaped rare earth element (REE) patterns with Pb > 1. These result from melting and crystallization in melt-feeding channels in the base of the lithosphere, where high-temperature dunites, harzburgites and pyroxenites were formed. Cr-poor ilmenite megacrysts (group 2) trace the high-temperature path of protokimberlites developed as result of fractional crystallization and wall rock assimilation during the creation of the feeder systems prior to the main kimberlite eruption. Inflections in ilmenite compositional trends probably reflect the mantle layering and pulsing melt intrusion during melt migration within the channels. Group 2 ilmenites have inclined REE enriched patterns (10-100)/PM with La / Ybn ~ 10-25, similar to those derived from kimberlites, with high-field-strength elements (HFSE) peaks (typical megacrysts). A series of similar patterns results from polybaric Assimilation + fractional crystallization (AFC) crystallization of protokimberlite melts which also precipitated sulfides (Pb < 1) and mixed with partial melts from garnet peridotites. Relatively low-Ti ilmenites with high-Cr content (group 3) probably crystallized in the metasomatic front under the rising protokimberlite source and represent the product of crystallization of segregated partial melts from metasomatic rocks. Cr-rich ilmenites are typical of veins and veinlets in peridotites crystallized from highly contaminated magma intruded into wall rocks in different levels within the mantle columns. Ilmenites which have the highest trace element contents (1000/PM) have REE patterns similar to those of perovskites. Low Cr contents suggest relatively closed system fractionation which occurred from the base of the lithosphere up to the garnet-spinel transition, according to monomineral thermobarometry for Mir and Dachnaya pipes. Restricted trends were detected for ilmenites from Udachnaya and most other pipes from the Daldyn-Alakit fields and other regions (Nakyn, Upper Muna and Prianabarie), where ilmenite trends extend from the base of the lithosphere mainly up to 4.0 GPa. Interaction of the megacryst forming melts with the mantle lithosphere caused heating and HFSE metasomatism prior to kimberlite eruption.
DS202104-0563
2020
Kuligin, S.S.Afanasiev, V.P., Pohilenko, N.P., Kuligin, S.S., Samdanov, D.A.On the prospects of diamond content of the southern side of the Vilyui syneclise. ( Lena River)Geology of Ore Deposits, Vol. 62, 6, pp. 535-541.RussiaIndicator minerals

Abstract: The paper describes indicator minerals of kimberlites found on the southern side of the Vilyui syneclise in the Markha River basin, a tributary of the Lena River. It is shown that indicator minerals-pyrope and picroilmenite-derive from Middle Paleozoic kimberlites, very likely diamondiferous. Methods are proposed for further studies on determining the prospects for the diamond content of the southern side of the Vilyui syneclise and the northern slope of the Aldan anteclise.
DS1985-0301
1985
Kuligin, V.M.Ilupin, I.P., Vitozhents, G.CH., Kuligin, V.M.Instrumental neutron activation analysis for sodium, potassium, cesium and barium in Siberian kimberlitesGeochemistry International, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 50-55RussiaBlank
DS1989-0071
1989
Kulik, D.M.Bankey, V., Kulik, D.M.Gravity survey dat a and bouguer gravity anomaly map of southwesternWyoming, northeastern Utah andnorthwesternColoradoUnited States Geological Survey (USGS) Open File, No. 89-0175A, B. 1 sheet 1: 250, 000 31p. 1 disc $13.25Wyoming, Colorado, UtahGeophysics -gravity, Map
DS1989-0072
1989
Kulik, D.M.Bankey, V., Kulik, D.M.Gravity survey dat a and bouguer anomaly map of southwestern Wyoming, northeastern Utah and northwesternColoradoUnited States Geological Survey (USGS) O.F., No. 89-0175-A, 31p. 1 : 250, 000 $ 7.25 plusB - disc $Wyoming, Utah, ColoradoGeophysics -gravity
DS1990-0892
1990
Kulik, D.M.Kulik, D.M., Bankey, V.L.Basement terrains in Wyoming as interpreted from aeromagnetic and gravityGeological Society of America (GSA) Abstract Volume, held Jackson Wyoming, Vol. 22, No. 6, April p. 18. Abstract onlyWyomingGeophysics-magnetics, gravity, Nash Fork-Mullen Creek
DS201911-2534
2019
Kulik, E.Ishi, T., Huang, R., Myhill, R., Fei, H., Koemets, I., Liu, Z., Maeda, F., Yuan, L., Wang, L., Druzhbin, D., Yamamoto, T., Bhat, S., Farla, R., Kawazoe, T., Tsujino, N., Kulik, E., Higo, Y., Tange, H., Katsura, T.Sharp 660 km discontinuity controlled by extremely narrow binary post-spinel transition.Nature Geosciences, Vol. 12, pp. 869-872.Mantlediscontinuity

Abstract: The Earth’s mantle is characterized by a sharp seismic discontinuity at a depth of 660?km that can provide insights into deep mantle processes. The discontinuity occurs over only 2?km—or a pressure difference of 0.1?GPa—and is thought to result from the post-spinel transition, that is, the decomposition of the mineral ringwoodite to bridgmanite plus ferropericlase. Existing high-pressure, high-temperature experiments have lacked the pressure control required to test whether such sharpness is the result of isochemical phase relations or chemically distinct upper and lower mantle domains. Here, we obtain the isothermal pressure interval of the Mg-Fe binary post-spinel transition by applying advanced multi-anvil techniques with in situ X-ray diffraction with the help of Mg-Fe partition experiments. It is demonstrated that the interval at mantle compositions and temperatures is only 0.01?GPa, corresponding to 250?m. This interval is indistinguishable from zero at seismic frequencies. These results can explain the discontinuity sharpness and provide new support for whole-mantle convection in a chemically homogeneous mantle. The present work suggests that distribution of adiabatic vertical flows between the upper and lower mantles can be mapped on the basis of discontinuity sharpness.
DS200812-1175
2007
Kulikov, R.V.Tirmyaev, A.F., Kulikov, R.V., Potashnikov, A.K., Sysoev, E.V.Enhancing the selectivity of the X-ray luminescence separation of diamonds by digital processing of signals.Journal of Mining Science, Vol. 43, 5, pp. 555-564.TechnologyDiamond processing
DS1996-0794
1996
Kulikov, V.S.Kulikov, V.S., et al.The alnoitanium modulus as the seriation indicator of igneous rocks on the Baltic Shield.International Geological Congress 30th Session Beijing, Abstracts, Vol. 2, p. 391.Russia, Baltic StatesAlnoite
DS1997-0640
1997
Kulikov, V.S.Kulikov, V.S.Where is the southeastern boundary of Fennoscandia?Doklady Academy of Sciences, Vol. 356, No. 7, Sept-Oct. pp. 1130-3.Finland, Scandinavia, Kola PeninsulaGeology, Tectonics
DS200612-0203
2006
Kulikov, V.S.Bychkova, Ya.V., Kulikov, V.S., Kulikova, V.V., Vasiliev, M.V.Early Paleoproterozoic vulcano-plutonic komatiitic association of southeast Fennoscandia as mantle plume 'windybelt' realization.Vladykin: VI International Workshop, held Mirny, Deep seated magmatism, its sources and plumes, pp. 174-187.Europe, Finland, Sweden, Baltic Shield, FennoscandiaHotspots
DS1970-0143
1970
Kulikova, G.V.Mikhaylov, B.M., Kulikova, G.V.Facies Types of Weathering Crusts on Kimberlites of West Africa.In: [geology And Mineralogy of The Weathering Crust., NAUKA: IZD.-VO.Russia, West Africa, GuineaAlteration
DS202108-1295
2021
Kulikova, I.M.Lapin, A.V., Kulikova, I.M., Nabelkin, O.A.Surface formations in the weathering crusts of carbonatites: implication for the genesis of unique rare metal ores in the Tomtor deposit, Russia.Lithology and Mineral Resources, Vol. 56, pp. 356-374.Russiadeposit - Tomtor

Abstract: A comparative analysis of the composition and structure of the surface facies of carbonatite weathering crusts (profiles) in the Chuktukon (Russia) and Seis Lagos (Brazil) deposits and ultra-rich rare metal ores in the Tomtor deposit (Russia) is presented. It is shown that the main geochemical trends in the formation of the Tomtor-type ultra-rich rare metal ores and the surface facies of weathering profiles are opposite. The obtained results do not confirm the genetic link between the unique Tomtor ores and the surface facies of the crust of carbonatites, but serve as evidence of their later formation due to the reductive epigenesis of carbonatite weathering products under the influence of solutions draining the overlying coaliferous rocks. Wide distribution of the phenomena of colloidal liquid layering into manganese and ferruginous fractions was established for the first time in surface facies of the weathering crust of carbonatites, and active lateral colloidal migration of Ti from the host rocks was revealed.
DS1985-0747
1985
Kulikova, L.F.Yakovlev, E.N., Shalimov, M.D., Kulikova, L.F., Slesarev, V.N.Synthesis of Diamond from HydrocarbonsZhurn. Fiz. Khim., Vol. 59, No. 6, PP. 1517-1519.RussiaDiamond Crystallography, Morphology
DS1985-0748
1985
Kulikova, L.F.Yakovlev, E.N., Shalimov, M.D., Kulikova, L.F., Slesarev, V.N.Synthesis of Diamonds from CarbohydratesZhurn. Fiz. Khim., Vol. 59, No. 6, JUNE PP. 1517-1518.RussiaDiamond Sythetic
DS2001-0953
2001
Kulikova, V.V.Puchtel, I.S., Brugmann, G.E., Kulikova, V.V.Os isotope systematics of komatiitic basalts from the Vetreny belt, BalticShield: evidence for chondritic..Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 140, No. 5, pp. 588-606.Baltic ShieldGeochronology, Hot spot - plume 2.45 Ga
DS200612-0203
2006
Kulikova, V.V.Bychkova, Ya.V., Kulikov, V.S., Kulikova, V.V., Vasiliev, M.V.Early Paleoproterozoic vulcano-plutonic komatiitic association of southeast Fennoscandia as mantle plume 'windybelt' realization.Vladykin: VI International Workshop, held Mirny, Deep seated magmatism, its sources and plumes, pp. 174-187.Europe, Finland, Sweden, Baltic Shield, FennoscandiaHotspots
DS200712-0922
2007
Kulipanov, G.N.Rylov, G.M., Fedorova, E.N., Logvinova, A.M., Pokhilenko, N.P., Kulipanov, G.N., Sobolev, N.V.The peculiarities of natural plastically deformed diamond crystals from Internationalnaya pipe, Yakutia.Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A., Vol. 575, 1-2, pp. 152-154.RussiaDiamond morphology
DS2003-0283
2003
Kullerud, K.Corfu, F., Ravna, E.J., Kullerud, K.A Late Ordovician U Pb age for the Tromse Nappe eclogites, uppermost allochthon ofContribution to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 145, 4. July , pp. 502-513.ScandinaviaGeochronology
DS200412-0369
2003
Kullerud, K.Corfu, F., Ravna, E.J., Kullerud, K.A Late Ordovician U Pb age for the Tromse Nappe eclogites, uppermost allochthon of the Scandinavian Caledonides.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 145, 4. July , pp. 502-513.Europe, ScandinaviaGeochronology
DS201112-0558
2011
Kullerud, K.Kullerud, K., Zozulya, D., Bergh, S.G., Hansen, H., Ravna, E.J.K.Geochemistry and tectonic setting of a lamproite dyke in Kvaloya, north Norway.Lithos, Vol. 126, pp. 278-289.Europe, NorwayLamproite
DS201112-1176
2010
Kullerud, K.Zozulya, D.R., Savchenko, E.E., Kullerud, K., Ravna, E.K., Lyalina, L.M.Unique accessory Ti-Ba-P mineralization in the Kvaloya ultrapotassic dike, northern Norway.Geology of Ore Deposits, Vol. 52, 8, pp. 843-851.Europe, NorwayMineral chemistry corresponds to lamproite
DS201212-0386
2012
Kullerud, K.Kullerud, K., Zozulya, D., Ravna, J.K.Formation of baotite - a Cl rich silicate - together with fluorapatite and F rich hydrous silicates in the Kvaloya lamproite dyke, North Norway.Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 105, 3-4, pp. 145-156.Europe, NorwayLamproite
DS201312-0436
2013
Kullerud, K.Janak, M., Krogh Ravna, E.J., Kullerud, K., Yoshida, K., Milovsky, R., Hirajima, T.Discovery of diamond in the Tromso Nappe, Scandinavian Caledonides ( N. Norway).Journal of Metamorphic Geology, Vol. 31, 6, pp. 691-703.Europe, NorwayMicrodiamonds in gneiss
DS201412-0486
2013
Kullerud, K.Kullerud, K., Zozulya, D., Erambert, M., Ravna, E.J.K.Solid solution between potassic alkali amphiboles from the silica rich lamproite, West Troms basement complex, northern Norway.European Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 25, pp. 935-945.Europe, NorwayLamproite
DS201412-0714
2014
Kullerud, K.Priyatkina, N., Khudoley, A.K., Ustinov, V.N., Kullerud, K.1.92 Ga kimberlitic rocks from Kimozero, NW Russia: their geochemistry tectonic setting and unusual field occurrence.Precambrian Research, Vol. 249, pp. 162-179.RussiaDeposit - Kimozero
DS201412-0778
2014
Kullerud, K.Schingaro, E., Kullerud, K., Lacalamita, M., Mesto, E., Scordari, F., Zozulya, D., Erambert, M., Ravna, E.J.K.Yangzhumgite and phlogopite from the Kvaloya lamproite ( North Norway): structure, composition and origin.Lithos, Vol. 210-211, pp. 1-13.Europe, NorwayLamproite
DS201502-0096
2014
Kullerud, K.Schingaro, E., Kullerud, K., laclamita, M., Mesto, E., Scordari, F., Zozulya, D., Erambert, M., Ravna, E.J.K.Yangzhumingite and phlogopite from the Kvaloya lamproite (North Norway): structure, composition and origin.Lithos, Vol. 210-211, pp. 1-13.Europe, NorwayLamproite
DS201805-0973
2017
Kullerud, K.Ravna, E.K., Zozulya, D., Kullerud, K., Corfu, F., Nabelek, P.I., Janak, M., Slagstad, T., Davidsen, B., Selbekk, R.S., Schertl, H-P.Deep seated carbonatite intrusion and metasomatism in the UHP Tromso Nappe, northern Scandinavian Caledonides - a natural example of generation of carbonatite from carbonated eclogite.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 58, 12, pp. 2403-2428.Europe, Sweden, Norwaycarbonatite

Abstract: Carbonatites (sensu stricto) are igneous rocks typically associated with continental rifts, being emplaced at relatively shallow crustal levels or as extrusive rocks. Some carbonatites are, however, related to subduction and lithospheric collision zones, but so far no carbonatite has been reported from ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terranes. In this study, we present detailed petrological and geochemical data on carbonatites from the Tromsø Nappe—a UHP metamorphic terrane in the Scandinavian Caledonides. Massive to weakly foliated silicate-rich carbonate rocks, comprising the high-P mineral assemblage of Mg-Fe-calcite?±?Fe-dolomite?+?garnet?+?omphacitic clinopyroxene?+?phlogopite?+?apatite?+?rutile?+?ilmenite, are inferred to be carbonatites. They show apparent intrusive relationships to eclogite, garnet pyroxenite, garnet-mica gneiss, foliated calc-silicate marble and massive marble. Large grains of omphacitic pyroxene and megacrysts (up to 5?cm across) of Cr-diopside in the carbonatite contain rods of phlogopite oriented parallel to the c-axis, the density of rods being highest in the central part of the megacrysts. Garnet contains numerous inclusions of all the other phases of the carbonatite, and, in places, composite polyphase inclusions. Zircon, monazite and allanite are common accessory phases. Locally, veins of silicate-poor carbonatite (up to 10?cm across) occur. Extensive fenitization by K-rich fluids, with enrichment in phlogopite along contacts between carbonatite and silicate country rocks, is common. Primitive mantle-normalized incompatible element patterns for the carbonatite document a strong enrichment of light rare earth elements, Ba and Rb, and negative anomalies in Th, Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf. The carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of the carbonatite are distinctly different from those of the spatially associated calc-silicate marble, but also from mantle-derived carbonatites elsewhere. Neodymium and Sr isotope data coupled with the trace element distribution indicate a similarity of the Tromsø carbonatite to orogenic (off-craton) carbonatites rather than to anorogenic (on-craton) ones. U-Pb dating of relatively U-rich prismatic, oscillatory-zoned zircon gives an age of 454•5?±?1•1?Ma. We suggest that the primary carbonatite magma resulted from partial melting of a carbonated eclogite at UHP, in a deeply subducted continental slab.
DS1991-0939
1991
Kullerud, L.Kullerud, L.On the calculations of isochronsChemical Geology, Vol. 87, 113-124GlobalGeochronology, Isochrons -methods
DS1988-0384
1988
Kulm, L.D.Kulm, L.D.Potential heavy metal placers on the southern Oregon continental shelfMarine Mining, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 361-396OregonPlacers, Cont. shelf
DS202103-0400
2021
Kulnitskiy, B.Popov, M., Bondarenko, M., Kulnitskiy, B., Zholudev, S., Blank, V., Terentyev, S.Impulse laser cutting of diamond accompanied by phase transitions to fullerene -type onion.Diamond & Related Materials, Vol. 113, 108281, 6p. PdfGlobalraman spectroscopy
DS201112-0264
2011
kulnitskyDenison, V.N., Mavrin, Serebryanaya, Dubitsky, Aksenenkov, Kirichenko, Kuzmin, kulnitsky, PerehoginFirst priniples, UV Raman, X-ray diffraction and TEM study of the structure and lattic dynamics of the diamond lonsdaleite system.Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 20, 7, pp. 951-953.TechnologyLonsdaleite
DS201901-0008
2018
Kulnitsky, B.A.Blank, V.D., Churkin, V.D., Kulnitsky, B.A., Perezhogin, I.A., Kirichenko, A.N., Erohin, S.V., Sorokin, P.B., Popov, M.Y.Pressure induced transformation of graphite and diamond to onions.Crystals MDPI, Vol. 8, 2, 8p. Doi.org/10.3390/cryst8020068Russiacarbon nanotubes

Abstract: In this study, we present a number of experiments on the transformation of graphite, diamond, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes under high pressure conditions. The analysis of our results testifies to the instability of diamond in the 55-115 GPa pressure range, at which onion-like structures are formed. The formation of interlayer sp3-bonds in carbon nanostructures with a decrease in their volume has been studied theoretically. It has been found that depending on the structure, the bonds between the layers can be preserved or broken during unloading.
DS201710-2237
2017
Kulrenya, M.V.Kulrenya, M.V., Chernyshov, G.S., Serdyukov, A.S., Duchkov, A.A.Procedure and results of seismic investigations into causes of landslides in permafrost rocks.Journal of Mining Science, Vol. 52, 5, pp. 835-841.Russiadeposit - Yubilieny

Abstract: The article focuses on seismic monitoring of causes of landslides. Such studies are of great importance in open pit mining in permafrost rocks. Extensive mining-induced impact in combination with natural thawing of permafrost as a consequence of the planet warming may end in catastrophe. The authors describe a procedure for plotting velocity profiles of seismic waves along slopes in the presence of extremely contrast discontinuities conditioned by permafrost rocks. The presented approach enables studying slip surfaces of landslides and detecting potential failure zones where wave velocities are lower due to extensive jointing. The processed field data obtained in the area near Chagan-Uzun settlement in Kosh-Agach district of the Republic of Altai are reported.
DS201904-0765
2018
Kultenko, S.Y.Pakhomova, V.A., Fedoseev, D.G., Kultenko, S.Y., Karabtsov, A.A., Tishkina, V.B., Solyanik, V.A., Kamynin, V.A.Synthetic moissanite coated with diamond film imitating rough diamond.Gems & Gemology, Vol. 54, 4, 4p.Russiamoissanite
DS200512-0584
2002
Kultkov, V.S.Kultkov, V.S., Kutikova, V.V.High magnesian volcanic rocks of the Precambrian in Russian Fennoscandia.Deep Seated Magmatism, magmatism sources and the problem of plumes., pp. 118-131.Europe, FennoscandiaVolcanism
DS1993-0036
1993
Kuma, J.S.Appiah, H. , Norman, D.I., Kuma, J.S., Nartey, R.S., DankwaSource of diamonds in the Bonsa fieldGeological Society Africa and Ghana, Proceedings 9th. International Conference, pp. 78-79.GhanaDiamond, Deposit -Bonsa field
DS1996-0037
1996
Kuma, J.S.Appiah, H., Norman, D.I., Kuma, J.S.The diamond deposits of GhanaAfrica Geoscience Review, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 261-272.GhanaAlluvial diamonds, Deposit -Bonsa, BiriM.
DS2002-0903
2002
Kumagai, I.Kumagai, I.On the anatomy of mantle plumes: effect of the viscosity ratio on entrainment and stirring.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol.198,1-2,pp.211-24., Vol.198,1-2,pp.211-24.MantlePlumes - melt
DS2002-0904
2002
Kumagai, I.Kumagai, I.On the anatomy of mantle plumes: effect of the viscosity ratio on entrainment and stirring.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol.198,1-2,pp.211-24., Vol.198,1-2,pp.211-24.MantlePlumes - melt
DS200812-0615
2008
Kumagai, I.Kumagai, I., Davaille, A., Kunta, K., Stutzmann, E.Mantle plumes: thin, fat, successful or failing? Constraints to explain hot spot volcanism through time and space.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 35, 16, L16301.MantlePlume
DS200712-0584
2007
Kumagi, I.Kumagi, I., Davaille, A., Kurita, K.On the fate of thermally bouyant mantle plumes at density interfaces.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 254, 1-2, Feb. 15, pp. 180-193.MantleHotspots
DS201112-0713
2011
Kumamoto, K.Mysen, B.O., Kumamoto, K., Cody, G.D., Fogel, M.L.Solubility and solution mechanisms of C-O-H volatiles in silicate melt with variable redox conditions and melt composition at upper mantle temperatures and pressures.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 75, 9, pp. 6183-6199.MantleUHP
DS1960-0693
1966
Kumapareli, P.S.Kumapareli, P.S., Saull, V.A.The St. Lawrence Valley System: a North American Equivalent of the East African Rift Valley SystemCanadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 3, PP. 639-658.CanadaGeotectonics
DS1998-1322
1998
KumarShanker, R., Singh, Kumar, MathyPre-Gondwana events and evolution of the Indian subcontinent as part ofGondwana.Journal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 27, 1A, p. 178. AbstractIndiaTectonics
DS201012-0612
2010
KumarRatre, K., De Waele, B., Kumar, Biswal, T., Sinha, S.Shrimp geochronology for the 1450 Ma Lakhna dyke swarm: its implication for the presence of Eoarchean crust in the Bastar Craton and the 1450-517 Ma depositional ageJournal of Asian Earth Sciences, Vol. 39, 6, pp. 565-577.IndiaGeochronology
DS1992-0902
1992
Kumar, A.Kumar, A., Srinivansan, R., Gopalan, K., Patil, D.J.A reappraisal of an Archean carbonatite of Nellor schist belt, SouthIndiaJournal Geological Society of India, Vol. 40, August pp. 169-174IndiaCarbonatite, Geochemistry
DS1992-0903
1992
Kumar, A.Kumar, A., Srinivasan, R., Gopalan, K., Patil, D.J.A reappraisal of an Archean carbonatite of Neollore schist belt, KarnatakaJournal of Geological Society India, Vol. 40, No. 2, August pp. 169-175IndiaCarbonatite
DS1993-0862
1993
Kumar, A.Kumar, A., Padma Kumari, V.M., Dayal, A.M., Murthy, D.S.N., Gopalanrubidium-strontium (Rb-Sr) ages of Proterozoic kimberlites of India: evidence for contemporaneous emplacementPrecambrian Research, Vol. 62, No. 3, June pp. 227-238IndiaKimberlites, Geochronology
DS1994-1264
1994
Kumar, A.Natarajan, M., Bhaskar Rao, B., Parthasarathy, R., Kumar, A., Gopalen, K.2.0 Ga old pyroxenite-carbonatite complex of Hogenakai, Tamil Nadu, SouthIndia.Precambrian Research, Vol. 65, No. 1-4, January pp. 167-182.IndiaCarbonatite
DS1994-1265
1994
Kumar, A.Natarajan, M., Rao, B.B., Parthasan, R., Kumar, A.2, 0 GA old pyroxenite-carbonatite complex of Hogenakal, Tamil-Nadu, SouthIndia.Precambrian Research, Vol. 65, No. 1-4, January pp. 167-181.IndiaCarbonatite, Geochronology
DS1995-1037
1995
Kumar, A.Kumar, A., Gopalan, K., Padmakumari, V.M., Kornilova et al.Precise Rubidium-Strontium ages of Siberian kimberlitesProceedings of the Sixth International Kimberlite Conference Abstracts, pp. 307.Russia, Yakutia, SiberiaGeochronology, Deposit - Alakit, Malo-Botuobia, Kharamay
DS1997-0641
1997
Kumar, A.Kumar, A., Charan, S.N., Gopalan, K., Macdougall, J.D.Isotope evidence for a long lived source for Proterozoic carbonatites from South India.Geological Association of Canada (GAC) Abstracts, India, southCarbonatite, Proterozoic, geochronology
DS1998-0817
1998
Kumar, A.Kumar, A., Charan, N., Gopalan, K., Macdougall, J.D.A long lived enriched mantle source for two Proterozoic carbonatite complexes from Tamil Nadu, southern India.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 62, No. 3, Feb. pp. 515-523.IndiaCarbonatite, Hogenakal, Sevathur, geochronology
DS1999-0257
1999
Kumar, A.Gopalan, K., Kumar, A.Contrasting isotopic mantle sources for Proterozoic lamproites And kimberlites from the Cuddapah Basin. #2Journal of Geological Society India, Vol. 53, No. 3, Mar. pp. 373-4.IndiaDharwar Craton, Geochronology
DS1999-0258
1999
Kumar, A.Gopalan, K., Kumar, A., Rao, Y.J.B.Precise 40 Ar-39 Ar age determination of the Kotakonda kimberlite and Chelima lamproite: timing of mafic dykesJournal of Geological Society India, Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 203-4.IndiaCraton - Dhwar, Geochronology, Argon, Dike swarms - emplacement
DS2003-0758
2003
Kumar, A.Kumar, A., Dayal, A.M., Padmakumari, V.M.Kimberlite from Rajmahal magmatic province: Sr Nd Pb isotopic evidence forGeophysical Research Letters, Vol. 108, 30, 20. SDE 9 Oct. 15, 10.1029/2003GLO18462IndiaMagmatism, geochronology
DS2003-0759
2003
Kumar, A.Kumar, A., Dayal, A.M., Padmakumari, V.M.Kimberlite from Rajmahal magmatic province: Sr Nd Pb isotopic evidence forGeophysical Research Letters, Vol. 30, 20, 2053 DOI.1029/2003GLO18462India, easternRajmahal-Sylhet-Bengal basalt, Group II, geochronology
DS2003-1207
2003
Kumar, A.Sahu, R., Kumar, A., Subbarao, K.V., Walsh, J.N., Biswal, T.K.Rb Sr age and Sr isotopic composition of alkaline dykes near Mumbai ( Bombay)Journal of Geological Society of India, Vol. 62, 5, pp. 641-646.IndiaAlkaline rocks
DS200412-1065
2004
Kumar, A.Kumar, A.Rajmahal flood basalts and kimberlites from the East Indian magmatic province: Sr Nd Pb evidence for Kerguelen plume head and axGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 13th Goldschmidt Conference held Copenhagen Denmark, Vol. 68, 11 Supp. July, ABSTRACT p.A590.IndiaGeochronology
DS200412-1066
2003
Kumar, A.Kumar, A., Dayal, A.M., Padmakumari, V.M.Kimberlite from Rajmahal magmatic province: Sr Nd Pb isotopic evidence for Kerguelen plume derived magmas.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 30, 20, 2053 DOI.1029/2003 GLO18462IndiaRajmahal-Sylhet-Bengal basalt, Group II, geochronology
DS200412-1067
2001
Kumar, A.Kumar, A., Gopalan, K., Rao, K.R.P., Nayak, S.S.Rb Sr ages of kimberlites and lamproites from eastern Dhawar Craton, South India.Journal of the Geological Society of India, Vol. 58, pp. 135-142.IndiaGeochronology
DS200412-1721
2003
Kumar, A.Sahu, R., Kumar, A., Subbarao, K.V., Walsh, J.N., Biswal, T.K.Rb Sr age and Sr isotopic composition of alkaline dykes near Mumbai ( Bombay) further evidence for the Deccan trap Reunion plumeJournal of Geological Society of India, Vol. 62, 5, pp. 641-646.IndiaAlkalic
DS200512-0585
2005
Kumar, A.Kumar, A., Gopalan, K.Comments on: petrogenesis of Proterozoic lamproites and kimberlites from Cuddapah Basin and Dharwar Craton, southern India.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 46, 6, June pp. 1077-1079.IndiaLamproite, kimberlites
DS200612-0749
2005
Kumar, A.Kumar, A.Sr Nd Pb isotopic compositions of Group II kimberlites from eastern India.Geological Society of India, Bangalore November Meeting Group Discussion on Kimberlites and Related Rocks India, Abstract p. 131-134.India, GondwanaGeochronology
DS200612-1028
2005
Kumar, A.Parijat Roy, Balaram, V., Satyanarayana, M., Kumar, A.Determination of trace and REE in kimberlite and related rocks by ICP-MS.Geological Society of India, Bangalore November Meeting Group Discussion on Kimberlites and Related Rocks India, Abstract p. 142.IndiaMineral chemistry, petrology
DS200712-0765
2006
Kumar, A.Murty, S.V.S., Basu, S., Kumar, A.Noble gases in South Indian carbonatites: trapped and in situ components. Hogenakal, Sevattur, KhambamettuuJournal of African Earth Sciences, in press availableIndiaCarbonatite
DS200712-0915
2007
Kumar, A.Roy, P., Balaram, V., Kumar, A., Satyanarayanan, M., Gnaneshwar Rao, ThotaNew REE and trace element dat a on two kimberlite reference materials by ICP-MS.Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, Vol. 31, 3, pp. 261-273.TechnologyKimberlte trace elements
DS200912-0649
2007
Kumar, A.Roy, P.,Balaram, V., Kumar, A., Sathyanarayan, M., Gnaneshwara, Rao, T.New REE and trace element dat a on two kimberlite reference materials by ICP-MS.Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, Vol. 31, pp. 261-273.IndiaGeochronology
DS201212-0387
2012
Kumar, A.Kumar, A., Nagaraju, E., Besse, J., Bhaskar Rao, Y.J.New age, geochemical and paleomagnetic dat a on a 2.21 Ga dyke swarm from south India: constraints on paleoproterozic reconstruction.Precambrian Research, Vol. 221-221, pp. 123-138.IndiaGeochronology, LIP, rock magnetism
DS201212-0712
2012
Kumar, A.Suryarayana Rao, K.V., Kumar, C., Kumar, A., Nandish, V., Swamy, R.T.Lamproites from the eastern margin of the Bhandara craton, Orissa, India: an exploration case study.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Feb. 6-11, Bangalore India, AbstractIndia, OrissaLamproite
DS201312-0081
2013
Kumar, A.Bhushan, S.K., Kumar, A.First carbonatite hosted REE deposit from India. Journal of the Geological Society of India, Vol. 81, pp. 41-60.India, RajasthanKamthai
DS201312-0520
2013
Kumar, A.Kumar, A., Ahmed, S., Priya, R., Sridhar, M.Discovery of lamproites near Vattikod area, nw margin of the Cuddapah basin, eastern Dharwar craton, southern India.Journal of the Geological Society of India, Vol. 82, 4, pp. 307-312.IndiaLamproite
DS201312-0736
2013
Kumar, A.Ray, J.S., Pnde, K., Bhutani, R., Shukla, A.D., Rai, V.K., Kumar, A., Awasthi, N., Smitha, R.S., Panda, D.K.Age and geochemistry of the Newania dolomite carbonatites, India: implications for the source of primary carbonatite magma.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 166, 6, pp. 1613-1632.IndiaCarbonatite
DS201312-0898
2013
Kumar, A.Suryanarayana Rao, K.V., Kumar, C., Kumar, A.Lamproites from the eastern margin of the Bhandara craton, Orissa, India: an exploration case study.Proceedings of the 10th. International Kimberlite Conference, Vol. 2, Special Issue of the Journal of the Geological Society of India,, Vol. 2, pp. 129-141.India, OrissaGeophysics - hyperspectral
DS201412-0116
2014
Kumar, A.Chalapathi Rao, N.V., Kumar, A., Sahoo, S., Dongre, A.N., Talukdar, D.Petrology and petrogenesis of Mesoproterozoic lamproites from the Ramadugu field NW margin of the Cuddapah basin, eastern Dharwar craton, southern India.Lithos, Vol. 196-197, pp. 150-168.IndiaLamproite
DS201412-0118
2013
Kumar, A.Chalapathi Rao, N.V., Lehmann, B., Panwar, B.K., Kumar, A., Mainkar, D.Tokapal tuff facies kimberlite, Baston craton, central India: a nickel prospect?Journal of the Geological Society of India, Vol. 82, 6, pp. 595-600.IndiaDeposit - Tokapal
DS201412-0487
2014
Kumar, A.Kumar, A., Nagaraju, E., Srinivasa Sarma, D., Davis, D.W.Precise baddeleyite geochronology by the thermal extraction thermal ionization mass spectrometry method.Chemical Geology, Vol. 371, pp. 72-79.Africa, South AfricaDeposit - Palabora carbonatite
DS201412-0901
2013
Kumar, A.Suryanaryana Rao, K.V., Kumar, C., Kumar, A., Nandish, V., Swamy, R.T.Lamproites from the eastern margin of the Bhandara craton, Orissa, India: an exploration case study.Proceedings of the 10th. International Kimberlite Conference, Vol. 2, pp. 129-142.India, OrissaLamproite
DS201508-0346
2015
Kumar, A.Chalapathi Rao, N.V., Atiullah, Kumar, A., Sahoo, S., Nanda, P., Chahong, N., Lehmann, B., Rao, K.V.S.Petrogenesis of Mesoproterozoic lamproite dykes from the Garledinne (Banganapalle) cluster, south western Cuddapah Basin, southern India.Mineralogy and Petrology, in press available 22p.IndiaLamproite

Abstract: We report mineral chemistry and whole-rock major and trace-element geochemistry for a recent find of Mesoproterozoic (~1.4 Ga) lamproites from the Garledinne (Banganapalle) cluster, south-western part of the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Cuddapah Basin, southern India. The Garledinne lamproites occur as WNW-ESE-trending dykes that have undergone varying degree of pervasive silicification and carbonate alteration. Nevertheless, their overall texture and relict mineralogy remain intact and provide important insights into the nature of their magmas. The lamproite dykes have porphyritic to weakly porphyritic textures comprising pseudomorphed olivine macrocrysts and microphenocrysts, titanian phlogopite microphenocrysts, spinel having a compositional range from chromite to rarely magnesiochromite, Sr-rich apatite and niobian rutile. The Garledinne and other Cuddapah Basin lamproites (Chelima and Zangamarajupalle) collectively lack sanidine, clinopyroxene, potassic richterite, and titanite and are thus mineralogically distinct from the nearby Mesoproterozoic lamproites (Krishna and Ramadugu) in the Eastern Dharwar Craton, southern India. The strong correlation between various major and trace elements coupled with high abundances of incompatible and compatible trace elements imply that alteration and crustal contamination have had a limited effect on the whole-rock geochemistry (apart from K2O and CaO) of the Garledinne lamproites and that olivine fractionation played an important role in their evolution. The Garledinne lamproites represent small-degree partial melts derived from a refractory (previously melt extracted) peridotitic mantle source that was subsequently metasomatised (enriched) by carbonate-rich fluids/melts within the garnet stability field. The involvement of multiple reservoirs (sub-continental lithospheric mantle and asthenosphere) has been inferred in their genesis. The emplacement of the Garledinne lamproites is linked to extensional events, across the various Indian cratons, related to the break-up of the Proterozoic supercontinent of Columbia.
DS201603-0393
2016
Kumar, A.Kumar, A., Pankaj, P., Koteswara Rao, K.A new find of lamproite dyke near Chintalapalle area, NW margin of the Cuddapah basin, eastern Dharwar craton, southern India.Journal of The Geological Society of India, Vol. 87, 2, pp. 127-131.IndiaLamproite

Abstract: A singular outcrop of a lamproite dyke is located ~1.5 km south-west of Chintalapalle village at the NW margin of the Cuddapah basin, eastern Dharwar craton, southern India.. The dyke trends E-W and is emplaced within the granitic rocks belonging to the peninsular gneissic complex. The lamproite dyke has a porphyritic to weakly porphyritic texture comprising microphenocrysts of sanidine, and potassic richterite set in a groundmass rich in carbonate, and chlorite with rutile and titanate as accessory phases. This new occurrence of lamproite is located mid-way between the well-known Narayanpet kimberlite field towards the west and the Ramadugu and Vattikod lamproite fields in east. The Chintalapalle lamproite dyke, together with those from Vattikod, Ramadugu, Krishna and Cuddapah basin lamproite fields, constitute a wide spectrum of ultrapotassic magmatism emplaced in and around the Palaeo-Mesoproterozoic Cuddapah basin in southern India.
DS201809-2098
2018
Kumar, A.Talukdar, D., Pandey, A., Chalapathi Rao, N.V., Kumar, A., Pandit, D., Belyatsky, B.Petrology and geochemistry of the Mesoproterozoic Vattikod lamproites, eastern Dharwar craton, southern India: evidence for multiple enrichment of sub-continental lithospheric mantle and links with amalgamation and break up of the Columbia supercontinent.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 173, doi.org/10.1007/ s00410-018-1493-y 27p.Indialamproites

Abstract: Numerous lamproite dykes are hosted by the Eastern Dharwar Craton, southern India, particularly towards the northwestern margin of the Cuddapah Basin. We present here a comprehensive mineralogical and geochemical (including Sr and Nd isotopic) study on the lamproites from the Vattikod Field, exposed in the vicinity of the well-studied Ramadugu lamproite field. The Vattikod lamproites trend WNW-ESE to NW-SE and reveal effects of low-temperature post-magmatic alteration. The studied lamproites show porphyritic texture with carbonated and serpentinized olivine, diopside, fluorine-rich phlogopite, amphibole, apatite, chromite, allanite, and calcite. The trace-element geochemistry (elevated Sr and HFSE) reveals their mixed affinity to orogenic as well as anorogenic lamproites. Higher fluorine content of the hydrous phases coupled with higher whole-rock K2O highlights the role of metasomatic phlogopite and apatite in the mantle source regions. Trace-element ratios such as Zr/Hf and Ti/Eu reveal carbonate metasomatism of mantle previously enriched by ancient subduction processes. The initial 87Sr/86Sr-isotopic ratios (calculated for an assumed emplacement age of 1350 Ma) vary from 0.7037 to 0.7087 and ?Nd range from ??10.6 to ??9.3, consistent with data on global lamproites and ultrapotassic rocks. We attribute the mixed orogenic-anorogenic character for the lamproites under study to multi-stage metasomatism. We relate the (1) earlier subduction-related enrichment to the Paleoproterozoic amalgamation of the Columbia supercontinent and the (2) second episode of carbonate metasomatism to the Mesoproterozoic rift-related asthenospheric upwelling associated with the Columbia breakup. This study highlights the association of lamproites with supercontinent amalgamation and fragmentation in the Earth history.
DS202004-0525
2019
Kumar, A.Kumar, A., Fernandez, M., Jimenez-Munt, I., Torne, M., Verges, J., Afonso, J.C.LitMod2D_2.0: an improved integrated geophysical petrological modeling took for the physical interpretation of upper mantle anomalies.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 10.1029/2019GC008777. 19p.Mantlegeophysics

Abstract: LitMod2D integrates geophysical and petrological data sets to produce the thermal, density, and seismic velocity structure of the lithosphere and upper mantle. We present a new LitMod2D_2.0 package with improvements focused on (i) updated anelastic attenuation correction for anharmonic seismic velocities, (ii) chemical composition in the sublithospheric mantle, and (iii) incorporation of sublithospheric mantle anomalies. Sublithospheric mantle anomalies can be defined with different chemical composition, temperature, seismic velocities, and a combination of them, allowing the application of LitMod2D_2.0 to regions affected by mantle upwelling, subduction, delamination, and metasomatism. We demonstrate the potential application of LitMod2D_2.0 to such regions and the sensitivity of thermal and compositional anomalies on density and seismic velocities through synthetic models. Results show nonlinearity between the sign of thermal and seismic velocity anomalies, and that S wave velocities are more sensitive to temperature whereas P wave velocities are to composition. In a synthetic example of subduction, we show the sensitivity of sublithospheric mantle anomalies associated with the slab and the corner flow on surface observables (elevation, geoid height, and gravity anomalies). A new open?source graphic user interface is incorporated in the new package. The output of the code is simplified by writing only the relevant physical parameters (temperature, pressure, material type, density, and seismic velocities) to allow the user using predefined post?processing codes from a toolbox (flexure, mineral assemblages, synthetic passive seismological data, and tomography) or designing new ones. We demonstrate a post?processing example calculating synthetic seismic tomography, Rayleigh surface?wave dispersion curves, and P wave receiver functions from the output file of LitMod2D_2.0.
DS202008-1442
2018
Kumar, A.Sharma, A., Kumar, A., Pankaj, P., Pandit, D., Chakrabarti, R., Chalapathi Rao, N.V.Petrology and Sr-Nd isotpe systematics of the Ahobil kimberlite pipe ( Pipe -16) from the Wajrakarur field, eastern Dharwar craton, southern India.Geoscience Frontiers, 20p. PdfIndiadeposit - Ahobil Pipe 16
DS202103-0389
2020
Kumar, A.Kumar, A., Talukdar, D., Chalapathi Rao, N.V., Burgess, R., Lehmann, B.Mesoproterozoic 40Ar-39Ar ages of some lamproites from the Cuddapah Basin and eastern Dharwar craton, southern India: implications for diamond provenance of the Banganapalle conglomerates, age of the Kurnool Group and Columbia tectonics.Geological Society, London, Special Publication , 10.1144/SP513- 2020-247 53p. PdfIndialamproites

Abstract: We report Mesoproterozoic 40Ar-39Ar (whole-rock) ages of lamproites from (i) the Ramadugu field (R4 dyke : 1434 ± 19 Ma and R5 dyke: 1334 ± 12 Ma) and the Krishna field (Pochampalle dyke: 1439 ± 3 Ma and Tirumalgiri dyke: 1256 ± 12 Ma) from the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) and (ii) the Garledinne (1433 ± 8 Ma) and the Chelima (1373 ± 6 Ma) dykes from within the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Cuddapah Basin, southern India. The ages reported for the Ramadugu and Tirumalgiri lamproites constitute their first radiometric dates. Ages of the Pochampalle and the Chelima lamproites from this study are broadly comparable to their previously reported 40Ar-39Ar (phlogopite) ages of c. 1500 Ma and 1418 ± 8 Ma, respectively. The ages of all these lamproites are much older than those of the (i) c. 1.1 Ga kimberlites from the Wajrakarur and Narayanpet fields of the EDC and (ii) c. 1.09 Ga lamproitic dykes at Zangamarajupalle which intrude the Cumbum Formation of the Cuddapah Basin. However, the age of the Tirumalgiri lamproite (c. 1256 Ma) is similar to that of the Ramannapeta lamproite (c. 1224 Ma) within the Krishna field. Our study provides evidence for protracted ultrapotassic (lamproitic) magmatism from c. 1.43 to 1.1 Ga over a widespread area (c. 2500 km2) in and around the Cuddapah Basin and the EDC. Implications of the obtained new ages for the diamond provenance of the Banganapalle Conglomerates, the age of the Kurnool Group and for the timing of break-up of the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic supercontinent of Columbia/Nuna are explored.
DS202202-0203
2022
Kumar, A.Kumar, A., Talukdar, D., Chalapathi Rao, N.V., Burgess, R., Lehmann, B.Mesoproterozoic 40Ar-39Ar ages of some lamproites from the Cuddapah basin and eastern Dharwar craton, southern India: implications for diamond provenance of the Banganapalle conglomerates, age of the Kurnool Group and Columbia tectonics.Geological Society of London Special Publication 513, pp. 157-178.Indialamproites

Abstract: We report Mesoproterozoic 40Ar-39Ar (whole-rock) ages of lamproites from (i) the Ramadugu field (R4 dyke : 1434 ± 19 Ma and R5 dyke: 1334 ± 12 Ma) and the Krishna field (Pochampalle dyke: 1439 ± 3 Ma and Tirumalgiri dyke: 1256 ± 12 Ma) from the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) and (ii) the Garledinne (1433 ± 8 Ma) and the Chelima (1373 ± 6 Ma) dykes from within the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Cuddapah Basin, southern India. The ages reported for the Ramadugu and Tirumalgiri lamproites constitute their first radiometric dates. Ages of the Pochampalle and the Chelima lamproites from this study are broadly comparable to their previously reported 40Ar-39Ar (phlogopite) ages of c. 1500 Ma and 1418 ± 8 Ma, respectively. The ages of all these lamproites are much older than those of the (i) c. 1.1 Ga kimberlites from the Wajrakarur and Narayanpet fields of the EDC and (ii) c. 1.09 Ga lamproitic dykes at Zangamarajupalle which intrude the Cumbum Formation of the Cuddapah Basin. However, the age of the Tirumalgiri lamproite (c. 1256 Ma) is similar to that of the Ramannapeta lamproite (c. 1224 Ma) within the Krishna field. Our study provides evidence for protracted ultrapotassic (lamproitic) magmatism from c. 1.43 to 1.1 Ga over a widespread area (c. 2500 km2) in and around the Cuddapah Basin and the EDC. Implications of the obtained new ages for the diamond provenance of the Banganapalle Conglomerates, the age of the Kurnool Group and for the timing of break-up of the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic supercontinent of Columbia/Nuna are explored.
DS202010-1870
2020
Kumar, B.R.Rama Rao, J.V., Kumar, B.R., Kumar, M., Singh, R.B., Veeraich, B.Gravity of Dharwar craton, southern Indian shield.Journal of Geological Society of India, Vol. 96, 3, pp. 239-249. pdfIndiacraton

Abstract: Dharwar craton (DC), by far the largest geological domain in South Indian Shield, occupying about 0.5 million sq. km area, is well-studied terrain both for regional geoscientific aspects and as part of mineral exploration over several important blocks such as the greenstone belts, ultramafic complexes, granite-gneissic terrain and the Proterozoic sediments of Cuddapah basin. The re-look into regional gravity data offers several insights into nature of crust, sub-divisions within the craton, bedrock geology in the covered areas and mineral potentiality of this ancient and stable crust. The regional gravity profiles drawn across the south Indian region mainly suggest that the area can be divided into five domains as Western Dharwar craton (WDC), Central Dharwar craton (CDC), Eastern Dharwar craton (EDC 1), transitory zone of EDC (EDC 2) and Eastern Ghats mobile belt (EGMB) areas. The Bouguer gravity anomaly pattern also questions some of the earlier divisions like eastern margin of Chitradurga schist belt between the WDC and EDC and the boundary of DC with southern granulite terrain (SGT) as they do not restrict at these main boundaries. In this study, mainly four issues are addressed by qualitative and quantitative analysis of regional gravity data and those revealed significant inferences. (1) A distinct gravity character in central part of south Indian shield area occupying about 60, 000 sq. km, suggests that the transitory crustal block, faulted on both sides and uplifted. This area designated as central Dharwar craton (CDC) is characterized with schist belts having characters of both parts of western and eastern Dharwar craton. This inference also opens up the debate about the boundary between western and eastern parts of the craton. Another significant inference is the extension of major schist belts beneath both Deccan volcanic province (DVP) in northwestern part and Cuddapah basin (CB) in southeastern part. (2) Eastern Dharwar craton is reflected as two distinct domains of different gravity characters; one populated with number of circular gravity lows and a few linear gravity high closures indicative of plutonic and volcanic activity and another domain devoid of these intrusive younger granites or schist belts. (3) Large wave length gravity highs occupying thousands of sq.km area and those not relatable to surface geology in eastern Dharwar craton that may have significance for mineral exploration. (4) Gravity data was subjected to further processing like two dimensional modeling which have yielded insights into crustal architecture beneath the Dharwar craton, crustal scale lineaments, craton-mobile belt contact zone and younger intrusives.
DS201212-0712
2012
Kumar, C.Suryarayana Rao, K.V., Kumar, C., Kumar, A., Nandish, V., Swamy, R.T.Lamproites from the eastern margin of the Bhandara craton, Orissa, India: an exploration case study.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Feb. 6-11, Bangalore India, AbstractIndia, OrissaLamproite
DS201312-0898
2013
Kumar, C.Suryanarayana Rao, K.V., Kumar, C., Kumar, A.Lamproites from the eastern margin of the Bhandara craton, Orissa, India: an exploration case study.Proceedings of the 10th. International Kimberlite Conference, Vol. 2, Special Issue of the Journal of the Geological Society of India,, Vol. 2, pp. 129-141.India, OrissaGeophysics - hyperspectral
DS201412-0901
2013
Kumar, C.Suryanaryana Rao, K.V., Kumar, C., Kumar, A., Nandish, V., Swamy, R.T.Lamproites from the eastern margin of the Bhandara craton, Orissa, India: an exploration case study.Proceedings of the 10th. International Kimberlite Conference, Vol. 2, pp. 129-142.India, OrissaLamproite
DS200512-0586
2004
Kumar, C.S.Kumar, C.S., Mukherjee, A., Vishwakarma, R.K.Discovery of a new kimberlite pipe using multidisciplinary approach at Kalyandurg, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh.Journal Geological Society of India, Vol. 64, 6, pp. 813-818.IndiaExploration - Kalyandurg
DS1996-0795
1996
Kumar, D.Kumar, D., Mamallan, R., Dwivedy, K.K.Carbonatite magmatism in northeast IndiaJournal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences, Vol. 13, No. 2, Feb. 1, pp. 145-?IndiaCarbonatite, Magmatism
DS202106-0947
2021
Kumar, D.Kumar, S., Kumar, D., Sengupta, K., Giri, T.K.Impact of community based business model and competitive advantage on exports: evidence from diamond industry.Competitive Review, Vol. 31, 2, pp. 276-296. pdfGlobalmarkets

Abstract: his study aims to examine the altering paradigms for two specific characteristics of the international diamond industry: community-based business model and competitive advantage and their impact and interaction effect.
DS202202-0188
2022
Kumar, D.Behera, L., Kumar, D.Deep crustal structure and compositions for tectonic and geodynamic implications of the Dharwar Craton ( southern India) inferred from 3-C wide-angle seismic data.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, in press available 10.1016/j.jseaes.2021.105092 99 p. PdfIndiageophysics - seismics

Abstract: The Dharwar Craton of southern India is an important stable cratonic province of the world with complex geology and tectonic settings. Extensive studies provide insights of crustal velocity structure for the tectonic and geodynamic evolution of this Archean craton. This region has experienced several tectonically disturbed zones like Chitradurga Shear Zone (CSZ), Bababudan Shear Zone (BSZ) and Closepet Granites (CG). We have developed a comprehensive geologically plausible tectonic model using both P- and S-wave velocity structures to image major structural elements like shear zones and decipher the compositional distinctions of different rock assemblages of Western Dharwar Craton (WDC) and Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) part using 3-C wide-angle seismic data acquired along the 200-km long Perur-Chikmagalur deep seismic profile. The tectonic model show large compositional changes of subsurface rocks with anomalous high , , , Poisson’s ratio () and density () forming a major tectonic divide or suture zone called CSZ between EDC and WDC blocks. Significant crustal thinning (37-41 km) is observed due to Moho upwarping towards the Neo-Archean EDC block mainly composed of felsic granites and granodiorites. The WDC block show relatively thick crust (48-50 km) due to mafic underplating and mantle plume activity below CSZ forming Meso-Archean greenschist-facies-gneisses with dominant mafic/ultra-mafic compositions. Hence, crustal velocity, density, heat-flow, geology and geochronology studies support a plume-arc model with evidence of thick magmatic underplating of the lower-crust, complex subduction and development of highly strained shear zones like CSZ as suture juxtaposing EDC and WDC blocks.
DS1995-1038
1995
Kumar, G.R.R.Kumar, G.R.R., Sukumaran, S.Occurrence of lamprophyre in Palghat region: origin and geologicalsignificance.Indian Mineralogist, Vol. 298, No. 1, pp. 42-49.IndiaLamprophyre
DS201012-0337
2010
Kumar, H.Kaminski, V., Legault, J.M., Kumar, H.The Drybones kimberlite: a case study of VTEM and ZTEM airborne EM results.21st International Geophysical Conference and Exhibition Sydney NSW Australia, August 22-25, Extended abstract 5p.Canada, Northwest TerritoriesGeophysics - Drybones pipe
DS201711-2500
2017
Kumar, H.Asthana, D., Kumar, S., Kumar Vind, A., Zehra, F., Kumar, H., Pophare, A.M.Geochemical fingerprinting of ~ 2.5 Ga forearc-arc-backarc related magmatic suites in the Bastar Craton, central India.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, in press available, 17p.Indiageodynamics

Abstract: The Pitepani volcanic suite of the Dongargarh Supergroup, central India comprises of a calc-alkaline suite and a tholeiitic suite, respectively. The rare earth element (REE) patterns, mantle normalized plots and relict clinopyroxene chemistry of the Pitepani calc-alkaline suite are akin to high-Mg andesites (HMA) and reveal remarkable similarity to the Cenozoic Setouchi HMA from Japan. The Pitepani HMAs are geochemically correlated with similar rocks in the Kotri-Dongargarh mobile belt (KDMB) and in the mafic dykes of the Bastar Craton. The rationale behind lithogeochemical correlations are that sanukitic HMAs represent fore-arc volcanism over a very limited period of time, under abnormally high temperature conditions and are excellent regional and tectonic time markers. Furthermore, the tholeiitic suites that are temporally and spatially associated with the HMAs in the KDMB and in the mafic dykes of the Bastar Craton are classified into: (a) a continental back-arc suite that are depleted in incompatible elements, and (b) a continental arc suite that are more depleted in incompatible elements, respectively. The HMA suite, the continental back-arc and continental arc suites are lithogeochemically correlated in the KDMB and in the mafic dykes of the Bastar Craton. The three geochemically distinct Neoarchaean magmatic suites are temporally and spatially related to each other and to an active continental margin. The identification of three active continental margin magmatic suites for the first time, provides a robust conceptual framework to unravel the Neoarchaean geodynamic evolution of the Bastar Craton. We propose an active continental margin along the Neoarchaen KDMB with eastward subduction coupled with slab roll back or preferably, ridge-subduction along the Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) to account for the three distinct magmatic suites and the Neoarchean geodynamic evolution of the Bastar Craton.
DS201805-0933
2018
Kumar, H.Asthana, D., Kumar, S., Vind, A.K., Zehra, F., Kumar, H., Pophare, A.M.Geochemical fingerprinting of ~2.5 Ga forearc-arc-backarc related magmatic suites in the Bastar Craton, central India.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, Vol. 157, pp. 218-234.IndiaCraton

Abstract: The Pitepani volcanic suite of the Dongargarh Supergroup, central India comprises of a calc-alkaline suite and a tholeiitic suite, respectively. The rare earth element (REE) patterns, mantle normalized plots and relict clinopyroxene chemistry of the Pitepani calc-alkaline suite are akin to high-Mg andesites (HMA) and reveal remarkable similarity to the Cenozoic Setouchi HMA from Japan. The Pitepani HMAs are geochemically correlated with similar rocks in the Kotri-Dongargarh mobile belt (KDMB) and in the mafic dykes of the Bastar Craton. The rationale behind lithogeochemical correlations are that sanukitic HMAs represent fore-arc volcanism over a very limited period of time, under abnormally high temperature conditions and are excellent regional and tectonic time markers. Furthermore, the tholeiitic suites that are temporally and spatially associated with the HMAs in the KDMB and in the mafic dykes of the Bastar Craton are classified into: (a) a continental back-arc suite that are depleted in incompatible elements, and (b) a continental arc suite that are more depleted in incompatible elements, respectively. The HMA suite, the continental back-arc and continental arc suites are lithogeochemically correlated in the KDMB and in the mafic dykes of the Bastar Craton. The three geochemically distinct Neoarchaean magmatic suites are temporally and spatially related to each other and to an active continental margin. The identification of three active continental margin magmatic suites for the first time, provides a robust conceptual framework to unravel the Neoarchaean geodynamic evolution of the Bastar Craton. We propose an active continental margin along the Neoarchaen KDMB with eastward subduction coupled with slab roll back or preferably, ridge-subduction along the Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) to account for the three distinct magmatic suites and the Neoarchean geodynamic evolution of the Bastar Craton.
DS200712-0614
2007
Kumar, K.Lehmann, B., Kumar, K.The Tokpal crater facies kimberlite system, Chhattisgarh, India, comment and reply.Journal of Geological Society of India, Vol. 69, 1, p. 194.IndiaDeposit - Tokpal
DS201412-0719
2013
Kumar, K.Rai, S.Borah, Kajaljyoti, Das, Gupta, R., Srivastava, S., Shalivahan, P., Sivaram, K., Kumar, K., Meena, S.The South India Precambrian crust and shallow lithospheric mantle: initial results from the India Deep Imaging Experiment ( INDEX).Journal of Earth System Science, Vol. 122, 6, pp. 1435-1453.IndiaDrilling
DS201805-0969
2018
Kumar, K.S.Pandey, O.P., Chandrakala, K., Vasanti, A., Kumar, K.S.Seismically imaged shallow and deep crustal structure and potential field anomalies across the Eastern Dharwar Craton, South Indian shield: possible geodynamical implications.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, Vol. 157, pp. 302-316.Indiageophysics - seismics

Abstract: The time-bound crustal evolution and subsequent deformation of the Cuddapah basin, Nellore Schist Belt and Eastern Ghats terrain of Eastern Dharwar Craton, which have undergone sustained geodynamic upheavals since almost 2.0 billion years, remain enigmatic. An attempt is made here to integrate newly available potential field data and other geophysical anomalies with deep seismic structure, to examine the generative mechanism of major crustal features, associated with this sector. Our study indicates that the initial extent of the Cuddapah basin sedimentation may have been much larger, extending by almost 50-60?km west of Tadipatri during Paleoproterozoic period, which subsequently shrank due to massive erosion following thermal uplift, caused by SW Cuddapah mantle plume. Below this region, crust is still quite warm with Moho temperatures exceeding 500?°C. Similarly, Nallamalai Fold Belt rocks, bounded by two major faults and extremely low gravity, may have occupied a large terrain in western Cuddapah basin also, before their abrasion. No geophysical signatures of thrusting are presently seen below this region, and thus it could not be an alien terrain either. In contrast, Nellore Schist Belt is associated with strikingly high positive gravity, possibly caused by a conspicuous horst structure and up dipping mafic crustal layers underneath, that resulted due to India-east Antarctica collision after the cessation of prolonged subduction (1.6-0.95?Ga). Further, the crustal seismic and gravity signatures would confirm presence of a totally distinct geological terrain east of the Cuddapah basin, but the trace of Eastern Ghats Belt is all together missing. Instead, all the geophysical signatures, point out to presence of a Proterozoic sedimentary terrain, east of Nellore Schist Belt. It is likely that the extent of Prorerozoic sedimentation was much larger than thought today. In addition, presence of a seismically detected Gondwana basin over Nellore Schist Belt, apart from some recently discovered similar subsurface Gondwana occurrences in intracratonic parts, would indicate that Dharwar Craton was rifting even during Gondwana period, thereby challenging the long held view of cratonic stability.
DS1996-1166
1996
Kumar, K.V.Ratnaker, J., Krishna, D.V. Rama, Kumar, K.V.Geochemistry and origin of the Kellampalle lamprophyre, Prakesam Andhra Pradesh.Journal of Geological Society India, Vol. 48, No. 6, Dec. 1, pp. 697-702.IndiaLamprophyre
DS200812-0941
2008
Kumar, K.V.Ratnakar, J., Kumar, K.V., Rathna, K.Geochemical investigation of the alkaline mafic dykes in the environs of the Prakasam alkaline province, eastern Ghats Belt, India.Indian Dykes: editors Srivastava, Sivaji, Chalapathi Rao, pp. 291-308.IndiaAlkalic
DS200912-0416
2008
Kumar, K.V.Kumar, K.V., Leelandandam, C.Evolution of the eastern Ghats belt, India: a plate tectonic perspective.Journal of the Geological Society of India, Vol. 72, 6, pp. 720-749,IndiaTectonics
DS201112-0559
2011
Kumar, K.V.Kumar, K.V., Leelanandam, C., Ernst, W.G.Formation and fragmentation of the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent Columbia: evidence from the Eastern Ghats granulite belt, southeast India.International Geology Review, Vol. 53, 11-12, pp. 1297-1311.IndiaRodinia
DS201112-0560
2011
Kumar, K.V.Kumar, K.V., Leelanandam, C., Ernst, W.G.Formation and fragmentation of the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent Columbia: evidence from the Eastern Gnats granulite belt, southeast India.International Geology Review, Vol. 53, no. 11-12, pp. 1297-1311.IndiaTectonics
DS201312-0343
2012
Kumar, K.V.Guha, A., Ananth Rao, D., Ravi, S., Kumar, K.V., Dhananjaya Rao, E.N.Analysis of the potential of kimberlite rock spectra as spectral end member using samples from Narayanpet kimberlite field, Andhra Pradesh.Current Science, Vol. 103, 9, Nov. 10, pp. 1096-1104.IndiaDeposit - Narayanpet
DS201512-1922
2015
Kumar, K.V.Guha, A., Kumar, K.V., Ravi, S., Dhananjaya Rao, E.N.Reflectance spectroscopy of kimberlites - in parts of Dharwar Craton, India.Arabian Journal of Geosciences, Vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 9373-9388.IndiaDeposit - Narayanpet

Abstract: In the present study, an attempt was made to analyse the reflectance spectra of kimberlites to evaluate its potential as key in remote sensing based spatial mapping. The spectral profiles of kimberlite samples were collected within the visible-near infrared-shortwave infrared (VNIR-SWIR) electromagnetic domain. In this regard, we analysed the reflectance spectra of three kimberlite pipes (having variable mineralogy) of Narayanpet kimberlite field (NKF) based on the comparative analysis of spectral features of kimberlite samples with the spectral features of their dominant constituent minerals. The relative abundances of each of the constituent minerals were confirmed using semiquantitative mineralogical data from X-ray diffraction analysis. This was supplemented with petrographical data as reference. We found that the absorption features imprinted in the reflectance spectra of kimberlites were mineralogically sensitive. These spectral features were imprinted by spectral features of serpentine, olivine, and calcite depending on the relative dominance of these minerals in kimberlites. With regard to understand the spectral behaviour of weathered residue of kimberlite for targeting buried kimberlite, we also attempted a comparative analysis of spectral profiles of in-situ soil developed above the pipes with the spectra of respective kimberlites in NKF area. While comparing aforementioned spectra, it was observed that the spectral signatures of NKF kimberlites were broadly translated to the in-situ soil. Further, we compared the spectral profiles of selected NKF kimberlites with the spectra of three distinct kimberlite pipes of Wajrakarur kimberlite field (WKF) characterised with similar mineralogy with respect to the selected NKF pipes. Relative dominance of constituent minerals (i.e., serpentine, olivine, calcite, etc.) in these pipes was taken as reference to identify the mineralogical similarity of the pipes of both the field. It was observed that the spectral profiles of NKF and WKF kimberlites were highly correlated with regard to wavelength of diagnostic absorption features. Finally, we also made an attempt to understand the effect of spectral mixing, in spectral separation of kimberlites and associated granite-granodiorite gneiss (i.e., Dharwar Gneiss). It was seen that the spectral contrast of kimberlite and gneiss was dependent on the relative size of the pipe with respect to pixel or ground sampling diameter of spectral data acquisition. Study confirmed the diagnostic nature of reflectance spectra of pipes along with their mineralogical sensitiveness and spatial integrity. It also highlighted how spectral mixing can influence the spectral feature based remote detection of kimberlites.
DS201804-0710
2018
Kumar, K.V.Kokandakar, G.K., Ghodke, S.S., Rathna, K., Kumar, K.V.Crustal growth along Proterozoic SE India: parameterization of mantle sources, melting, mechanism, and magma differentiation processes.Journal of the Geological Society of India, Vol. 91, 2, pp. 135-146.Indiamagmatism
DS201804-0711
2018
Kumar, K.V.Kokandakar, G.K., Ghodke, S.S., Rathna, K., Kumar, K.V.Density, viscosity and velocity (ascent rate) of alkaline magmas.Journal of the Geological Society of India, Vol. 91, 2, pp. 135-146.IndiaPrakasam alkaline province

Abstract: Three distinct alkaline magmas, represented by shonkinite, lamprophyre and alkali basalt dykes, characterize a significant magmatic expression of rift-related mantle-derived igneous activity in the Mesoproterozoic Prakasam Alkaline Province, SE India. In the present study we have estimated emplacement velocities (ascent rates) for these three varied alkaline magmas and compared with other silicate magmas to explore composition control on the ascent rates. The alkaline dykes have variable widths and lengths with none of the dykes wider than 1 m. The shonkinites are fine- to medium-grained rocks with clinopyroxene, phologopite, amphibole, K-feldspar perthite and nepheline as essential minerals. They exhibit equigranular hypidiomorphic to foliated textures. Lamprophyres and alkali basalts characteristically show porphyritic textures. Olivine, clinopyroxene, amphibole and biotite are distinct phenocrysts in lamprophyres whereas olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase form the phenocrystic mineralogy in the alkali basalts. The calculated densities [2.54-2.71 g/cc for shonkinite; 2.61-2.78 g/cc for lamprophyre; 2.66-2.74 g/cc for alkali basalt] and viscosities [3.11-3.39 Pa s for shonkinite; 3.01-3.28 Pa s for lamprophyre; 2.72-3.09 Pa s for alkali basalt] are utilized to compute velocities (ascent rates) of the three alkaline magmas. Since the lamprophyres and alkali basalts are crystal-laden, we have also calculated effective viscosities to infer crystal control on the velocities. Twenty percent of crystals in the magma increase the viscosity by 2.7 times consequently decrease ascent rate by 2.7 times compared to the crystal-free magmas. The computed ascent rates range from 0.11-2.13 m/sec, 0.23-2.77 m/sec and 1.16-2.89 m/sec for shonkinite, lamprophyre and alkali basalt magmas respectively. Ascent rates increase with the width of the dykes and density difference, and decrease with magma viscosity and proportion of crystals. If a constant width of 1 m is assumed in the magma-filled dyke propagation model, then the sequence of emplacement velocities in the decreasing order is alkaline magmas (4.68-15.31 m/sec) > ultramafic-mafic magmas (3.81-4.30 m/sec) > intermediate-felsic magmas (1.76-2.56 m/sec). We propose that SiO2 content in the terrestrial magmas can be modeled as a semi-quantitative “geospeedometer” of the magma ascent rates.
DS201805-0955
2018
Kumar, K.V.Kokandakar, G.J., Ghodke, S.S., Rathna, K., Laxman, B. M., Nagaraju, B., Bhosle, M.V., Kumar, K.V.Density, viscosity and velocity ( ascent rate) of alkaline magmas.Journal of the Geological Society of India, Vol. 91, pp. 135-146.IndiaAlkaline - Prakasam

Abstract: Three distinct alkaline magmas, represented by shonkinite, lamprophyre and alkali basalt dykes, characterize a significant magmatic expression of rift-related mantle-derived igneous activity in the Mesoproterozoic Prakasam Alkaline Province, SE India. In the present study we have estimated emplacement velocities (ascent rates) for these three varied alkaline magmas and compared with other silicate magmas to explore composition control on the ascent rates. The alkaline dykes have variable widths and lengths with none of the dykes wider than 1 m. The shonkinites are fine- to medium-grained rocks with clinopyroxene, phologopite, amphibole, K-feldspar perthite and nepheline as essential minerals. They exhibit equigranular hypidiomorphic to foliated textures. Lamprophyres and alkali basalts characteristically show porphyritic textures. Olivine, clinopyroxene, amphibole and biotite are distinct phenocrysts in lamprophyres whereas olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase form the phenocrystic mineralogy in the alkali basalts. The calculated densities [2.54-2.71 g/cc for shonkinite; 2.61-2.78 g/cc for lamprophyre; 2.66-2.74 g/cc for alkali basalt] and viscosities [3.11-3.39 Pa s for shonkinite; 3.01-3.28 Pa s for lamprophyre; 2.72-3.09 Pa s for alkali basalt] are utilized to compute velocities (ascent rates) of the three alkaline magmas. Since the lamprophyres and alkali basalts are crystal-laden, we have also calculated effective viscosities to infer crystal control on the velocities. Twenty percent of crystals in the magma increase the viscosity by 2.7 times consequently decrease ascent rate by 2.7 times compared to the crystal-free magmas. The computed ascent rates range from 0.11-2.13 m/sec, 0.23-2.77 m/sec and 1.16-2.89 m/sec for shonkinite, lamprophyre and alkali basalt magmas respectively. Ascent rates increase with the width of the dykes and density difference, and decrease with magma viscosity and proportion of crystals. If a constant width of 1 m is assumed in the magma-filled dyke propagation model, then the sequence of emplacement velocities in the decreasing order is alkaline magmas (4.68-15.31 m/sec) > ultramafic-mafic magmas (3.81-4.30 m/sec) > intermediate-felsic magmas (1.76-2.56 m/sec). We propose that SiO2 content in the terrestrial magmas can be modeled as a semi-quantitative "geospeedometer" of the magma ascent rates.
DS201805-0965
2018
Kumar, K.V.Nagaraju, B., Ghodke, S.S., Rathna, K., Kokandakar, G.J., Bhosle, M.V., Kumar, K.V.Fractal analysis of in situ host rock nepheline sysenite xenoliths in a micro- shonkinite dyke ( The Elchuru alkaline complex, SE India).Journal of the Geological Society of India, Vol. 91, 3, pp. 263-272.Indiashonkinite

Abstract: Formation of the fragments of the wall-rock during dyking is one of the important manifestations of instantaneous magmatic events. This process is well documented at shallower depths of Earth’s crust but not at deeper levels. In this paper the in situ xenoliths of host rock nepheline syenite within a micro-shonkinite dyke emplaced at mid-crustal depths is described and the fractal theory applied to evaluate origin of the xenoliths. The nepheline syenite xenoliths are angular to oval shaped and sub-millimetre to ~50 cm long. The xenoliths are matrix supported with clasts and matrix being in equal proportions. Partly detached wall-rock fragments indicate incipient xenolith formation, which suggested that the model fragmentation processes is solely due to dyke emplacement. Fractal analytical techniques including clast size distribution, boundary roughness fractal dimension and clast circularity was carried out. The fractal data suggests that hydraulic (tensile) fracturing is the main process of host rock brecciation. However, the clast size and shape are further affected by postfragmentation processes including shear and thermal fracturing, and chemical erosion. The study demonstrates that dyking in an isotropic medium produces fractal size distributions of host rock xenoliths; however, post-fragmentation processes modify original fractal size distributions.
DS202107-1101
2018
Kumar, K.V.Guha, A., Rani, K., Varma, C.B., Sarwate, N.K., Sharma, N., Mukherjee, A., Kumar, K.V., Pal, S.K., Saw, A.K., Jha, S.K.Identification of potential zones for kimberlite exploration - an Earth observation approach. ChhatarpurThe International Achives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol. XLII-5 12p. PdfIndia, Madhya PradeshASTER, lineament

Abstract: In the present study, we have prepared the thematic evidence layers for identifying the potential zones of kimberlite emplacement in parts of Chhatarpur district, Madhya Pradesh. These thematic layers or evidence layers are geological structure, alteration zones, lineament density, surface alteration and geomorphic anomaly and these layers are prepared from the remote sensing data. As orientation of the geological structures (i.e fault system) and their density have the major role in the emplacement of kimberlite; both of these evidence layers are integrated using "AND" Boolean Logical Operator. On the other hand, two evidential layers regarded as the proxy to indicate the "surface expressions on kimberlite (i.e. alteration zones and geomorphic anomaly) are combined using "OR" operator as either of these two surface expression is indicative of kimberlite. Consequently, conjugate evidence layers on the surface expressions of kimberlite are integrated with the causative evidence layers of kimberlite emplacement using "AND" operator to identify the potential zones of diamond occurrences. Potential zones of kimberlite are overlaid on the residual gravity anomaly map derived from space-based gravity model of European Improved Gravity of Earth by New Technique (EIGEN6C4) to relate potential zones of kimberlite with the similar structural alignment (delineated in the residual gravity map) of known occurrence of kimberlite. We also have carried out indicator mineral survey around these potential zones and some of the kimberlite specific indicator minerals are identified in the stream sediments within these potential zones.
DS1994-0286
1994
Kumar, M.Chatterjee, B., Jha, N., Mishra, B.K., Kumar, M.Kondomali kimberlitic diatreme Raipur District Madhya-PradeshCurrent Science, Vol. 67, No. 1, July 10, pp. 50-52.IndiaKimberlite, Deposit -Kondomali
DS201212-0339
2012
Kumar, M.Jelsma, H.,Krishnan, S.U., Perritt, S.,Kumar, M., Preston, R., Winter, F., Lemotlo, L., Costa, J., Van der Linde, G., Facatino, M., Posser, A., Wallace, C., Henning, A., Joy, S., Chinn, I., Armstrong, R., Phillips, D.Kimberlites from central Angola: a case stidy of exploration findings.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Feb. 6-11, Bangalore India, AbstractAfrica, AngolaOverview of kimberlites
DS201412-0427
2013
Kumar, M.Jelsma, H., Krishnan, U., Perritt, S., Preston, R., Winter, F., Lemotlo, L., van der Linde, G., Armstrong, R., Phillips, D., Joy, S., Costa, J., Facatino, M., Posser, A., Kumar, M., Wallace, C., Chinn, I., Henning, A.Kimberlites from central Angola: a case study of exploration findings.Proceedings of the 10th. International Kimberlite Conference, Vol. 2, pp. 173-190.Africa, AngolaExploration - kimberlites
DS202010-1870
2020
Kumar, M.Rama Rao, J.V., Kumar, B.R., Kumar, M., Singh, R.B., Veeraich, B.Gravity of Dharwar craton, southern Indian shield.Journal of Geological Society of India, Vol. 96, 3, pp. 239-249. pdfIndiacraton

Abstract: Dharwar craton (DC), by far the largest geological domain in South Indian Shield, occupying about 0.5 million sq. km area, is well-studied terrain both for regional geoscientific aspects and as part of mineral exploration over several important blocks such as the greenstone belts, ultramafic complexes, granite-gneissic terrain and the Proterozoic sediments of Cuddapah basin. The re-look into regional gravity data offers several insights into nature of crust, sub-divisions within the craton, bedrock geology in the covered areas and mineral potentiality of this ancient and stable crust. The regional gravity profiles drawn across the south Indian region mainly suggest that the area can be divided into five domains as Western Dharwar craton (WDC), Central Dharwar craton (CDC), Eastern Dharwar craton (EDC 1), transitory zone of EDC (EDC 2) and Eastern Ghats mobile belt (EGMB) areas. The Bouguer gravity anomaly pattern also questions some of the earlier divisions like eastern margin of Chitradurga schist belt between the WDC and EDC and the boundary of DC with southern granulite terrain (SGT) as they do not restrict at these main boundaries. In this study, mainly four issues are addressed by qualitative and quantitative analysis of regional gravity data and those revealed significant inferences. (1) A distinct gravity character in central part of south Indian shield area occupying about 60, 000 sq. km, suggests that the transitory crustal block, faulted on both sides and uplifted. This area designated as central Dharwar craton (CDC) is characterized with schist belts having characters of both parts of western and eastern Dharwar craton. This inference also opens up the debate about the boundary between western and eastern parts of the craton. Another significant inference is the extension of major schist belts beneath both Deccan volcanic province (DVP) in northwestern part and Cuddapah basin (CB) in southeastern part. (2) Eastern Dharwar craton is reflected as two distinct domains of different gravity characters; one populated with number of circular gravity lows and a few linear gravity high closures indicative of plutonic and volcanic activity and another domain devoid of these intrusive younger granites or schist belts. (3) Large wave length gravity highs occupying thousands of sq.km area and those not relatable to surface geology in eastern Dharwar craton that may have significance for mineral exploration. (4) Gravity data was subjected to further processing like two dimensional modeling which have yielded insights into crustal architecture beneath the Dharwar craton, crustal scale lineaments, craton-mobile belt contact zone and younger intrusives.
DS202112-1935
2021
Kumar, M.P.Kumar, P., Mandal, B., Kumar, M.P.Seismic structure of the crust and lithospheric mantle of the Indian Shield: a review.Journal of the Geological Society of India, Vol. 97, 10, pp. 1169-1189.Indiageophysics - seismics

Abstract: The article reviews the history and accomplishments of CSIR-NGRI over the past 60 years, related to elucidating the seismic structure of the crust and lithospheric mantle of the Indian shield. Extensive investigations have been carried out in diverse geological and tectonic provinces of India, employing seismic reflection, refraction/wide-angle reflection and passive seismology to decipher (a) the evolution of the Indian plate through geological time, (b) hazard and its mitigation and (c) accumulation and disposition of natural resources. These endeavours entailed the application and development of state-of-the-art methodologies. Synthesis of the results from active and passive seismology reveals that the thickness of the crust varies between 28 and 65 km in the Kachchh and Aravalli regions respectively, consistent with their evolutionary histories. The thickest crust is observed in the western Dharwar craton (WDC) and the shallowest lies in the west coast. The crust in the shield region is mostly thicker, while it is thin beneath the rift zones. Results from coincident reflection and wide-angle seismic reflection studies broadly suggest a three-layered crust with magmatic underplating. Interestingly, the seismic sections traversing the Aravalli fold belt, central Indian suture zone, Dharwar craton and Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) depict paleo-collision and subduction environments. The diverse character of the Moho, crustal fabrics and structure in different geological provinces indicate that contrasting tectonic environments might have influenced their evolution and support the hypothesis that plate tectonic processes were operative since Neoarchean. The thickness of the lithosphere estimated from receiver functions varies from 80 to 140 km. An undulation in the Lithosphere Asthenosphere Boundary reveals evidence for a flexure on a regional scale, owing to the continental collision of the Indian and Asian plates. However, the lithospheric thickness derived from surface wave dispersion studies is somewhat larger, ranging from 100 to 250 km, with some body wave tomographic studies suggesting it to be ?400 km, in consonance with the concept of Tectosphere. The thickness values derived from both the methods agree at a few locales such as the Eastern Dharwar Craton, SGT, Cambay, Singhbhum and western DVP. However, a broad disagreement prevails in WDC and northern part of the Indian shield where surface wave tomography reveals the thickness of lithosphere to be 140 to 200 km.
DS2000-0856
2000
Kumar, M.R.Saul, J., Kumar, M.R., Sarkar, D.Lithospheric and upper mantle structure of Indian Shield, from teleseismic receiver functions.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 27, No. 16, Aug. 15, pp.2357-60.IndiaCraton, Geophysics - seismics
DS2002-0905
2002
Kumar, M.R.Kumar, M.R., Ramesh, D.S., Saul, J., Sarker, D., Kind, R.Crustal structure and upper mantle stratigraphy of the Arabian ShieldGeophysical Research Letters, Vol. 89, No. 8, April 15, pp. 83-Arabian Shield, North AfricaTectonics
DS2003-1212
2003
Kumar, M.R.Sarkar, D., Kumar, M.R., Saul, J., Kind, R., Raju, P.S., Chadha, R.K., ShuklaA receiver function perspective of the Dharwar craton ( India) crustal structureGeophysical Journal International, No. 154, 1, pp. 205-211.IndiaBlank
DS200412-1731
2003
Kumar, M.R.Sarkar, D., Kumar, M.R., Saul, J., Kind, R., Raju, P.S., Chadha, R.K., Shukla, A.K.A receiver function perspective of the Dharwar craton ( India) crustal structure.Geophysical Journal International, No. 154, 1, pp. 205-211.IndiaGeophysics - seismics
DS200512-0587
2005
Kumar, M.R.Kumar, M.R., Mohan, G.Mantle discontinuities beneath the Deccan volcanic province.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 237, pp. 252-263.IndiaGeophysics - seismics
DS200512-0588
2004
Kumar, M.R.Kumar, M.R., Raju, P.S., Devi, E.U., Saul, J., Ramesh, D.S.Crustal structure variations in northeast India from converted phases.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31, 17, Sept. 16, L17605IndiaTectonics
DS200512-0889
2005
Kumar, M.R.Ramesh, D.S., Kumar, M.R., Devi, E.U., Raju, P.S., Yaun, X.Moho geometry and upper mantle images of northeast India.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, 14, July 28, L14301IndiaGeophysics - seismics
DS200612-1312
2006
Kumar, M.R.Singh, A., Kumar, M.R., Raju, P.S., Ramesh, D.S.Shear wave anisotropy of the northeast Indian lithosphere.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 33, 16, August 28, L16302.IndiaGeophysics - seismics
DS200712-1123
2007
Kumar, M.R.Vinnik, L., Singh, A., Kiselev, S., Kumar, M.R.Upper mantle beneath foothills of the western Himalaya: subducted lithospheric slab or keel of the Indian Shield?Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 171, 3, Dec. pp. 1162-1171.AsiaIndia-Eurasia zone
DS201312-0521
2013
Kumar, M.R.Kumar, M.R., Mishra, D.C., Singh, B., Venkat Raju, D.Ch., Singh, M.Geodynamics of NW India: subduction, lithospheric flexure , ridges and seismicity.Journal Geological Society of India, Vol. 81, pp. 61-78.IndiaGravity - bouguer
DS201312-0610
2014
Kumar, M.R.Mishra, D.C., Kumar, M.R.Proterozoic orogenic belts and rifting of Indian cratons: geophysical constraints.Geoscience Frontiers, Vol. 5, 1, pp. 25-41.IndiaGeophysics
DS201808-1761
2018
Kumar, M.R.Kumar, M.R., Singh, A., Bhaskar Rao, Y.J., Srijayanthi, G., Satyanarayana, H.V., Sarkar, D.Vestiges of Precambrian subduction in the south Indian shield? - a seismological perspective.Tectonophysics, Vol. 740-741, pp. 27-41.Indiageophysics - seismic

Abstract: Investigation of large scale suture zones in old continental interiors offers insights into the evolution of continents. The Dharwar Craton (DC) and the Southern Granulite Terrain(SGT) of the Indian shield represent large segments of Precambrian middle to lower crust and preserve a geological record spanning from Mesoarchean to Cambrian. This study illuminates the deep structure of the Palghat-Cauvery Shear Zone System (PCSS) and the Palghat-Cauvery Suture Zone (PCSZ) that comprise crustal-scale structures related to multiple episodes of orogeny, crust formation and reworking. We utilize here 3202 high quality P-receiver functions computed using new data from a 23 station seismic network operated by us. Results show a thick (>38?km) mafic (Poisson's ratio >0.25) crust beneath the SGT. The change in crustal thickness is gradual, with a shallower Moho towards the south of PCSZ. We found little evidence for drastic changes in crustal thickness across prominent shear zones like the PCSZ and Moyar-Bhavani. Few seismic stations located along these boundaries have shown evidence for dipping reflectors around 8-20?km depth, with strikes matching well with the trends of surface geological sutures. We opine that these suture zones do not show indications of a terrane boundary. However, a drastic change in the crustal thickness is observed around the prograde metamorphic transition zone or broadly, the “Fermor line”, which separates rocks of Chanockitic (Orthopyroxene bearing granitoid) and non-Charnockitic (Orthopyroxene-free granitoid) mineral assemblage, further north beneath the DC. We suggest that thicknening of crust north of Moyar-Attur Shear Zone (MASZ) and around Fermor line is related to subduction processes operative during the Precambrian.
DS202104-0605
2021
Kumar, M.R.Sharma, J., Kumar, M.R., Roy, K.S., Pal, S.K., Roy, P.N.S.Low velocity zones and negative radial anisotropy beneath the plume perturbed northwestern Deccan volcanic province.Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 126, e2020JB02 0295. https://doi.org/ 10.1029/ 2020JB020295Indiageophysics - seismic

Abstract: The Deccan volcanic province (DVP) witnessed a massive outpouring of flood basalts of ?2 million km3 volume, at ?65 Ma, in less than a Myr. The volcanic eruption is concomitant with crustal extension, lithospheric thinning and magma influx beneath the major rift systems namely Cambay, Narmada, and Kutch. In this study, we investigate the anisotropic and isotropic variations within the crust and upper mantle beneath the northwestern DVP by estimating the shear wave velocity (VSV, VSH, and VSoigt) and radial anisotropy (?oigt) models using the Surface Wave Tomography technique. A joint inversion of the regionalized Rayleigh and Love wave group velocities is performed, using the genetic algorithm approach. Our results reveal different intracrustal layers, lid, and a low?velocity zone (LVZ). This LVZ comprises of a uniform asthenospheric low?velocity layer (LVL) of average VSV 4.44 km/s and VSH 4.47 km/s, and another LVL below, of average VSV 4.45 km/s and VSH 4.41 km/s. Furthermore, the LVZ represents a negative anomaly with reference to different global models (AK135, STW105, PREM, and S2.9EA). A negative ?oigt is observed in the LVZ, indicating dominance of vertical flow. This could be related to presence of partials melts, volatile materials and/or a thermal anomaly. We also identified the Moho (?34-40 km) and lithosphere?asthenosphere boundary (?84-123 km). The low VS values, negative ?oigt and a thin lithosphere (?84 km) in the vicinity of Gulf of Cambay affirm the presence of a plume head beneath it, in concurrence with the hypothesis of Indian Plate?Reunion plume interaction.
DS2000-0388
2000
Kumar, M.S.Hari, K.R., Kumar, M.S., Santosh, M., Rai, S.K.Melt inclusions in olivine and pyroxene phenocrysts from lamprophyres of Chhaktalao area.Journal of Asian Earth Science, Vol. 18, No.2, Apr. pp. 155-61.India, Madhya PradeshLamprophyres
DS200812-0573
2008
Kumar, Mohan.Kiselev, S., Vinnik, L., Oreshin, S., Gupta, S., Rai, S.S., Singh, A., Kumar, Mohan.Lithosphere of the Dharwar craton by joint inversion of P and S receiver functions.Geophysical Journal International, In press ( available)IndiaGeophysics - seismics
DS1996-0796
1996
Kumar, N.Kumar, N., Reisberg, L., Zindler, A.A major and trace element and strontium, neodynium and osmium isotopic study of thick pyroxenite Beni BouseraGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 60, No. 8, April pp. 1429-1444.MoroccoGeochronology, Deposit -Beni Bousera
DS201112-0715
2011
Kumar, N.Nageswara Rao, B., Kumar, N., Singh, A.P., Prabhakar Rao, M.R.K., Mall, D.M., Singh, B.Crustal density structure across the Central Indian shear zone from gravity data.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, Vol. 42, 3, pp. 341-353..IndiaGeophysics - Bundelkhand Craton
DS201412-0488
2014
Kumar, N.Kumar, N., Zeyen, H., Singh, A.P.3D lithosphere density structure of Southern Indian shield from joint inversion of gravity, geoid and topography data.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, Vol. 89, pp. 98-107.IndiaGeophysics - seismics
DS201511-1880
2015
Kumar, N.Singh, A.P., Kumar, N., Zeyen, H.Three dimensional lithospheric mapping of the eastern Indian Shield: a multi-parametric inversion approach.Tectonophysics, Vol. 665, pp. 164-176.IndiaGeophysics - seismics

Abstract: We analyzed satellite gravity and geoid anomaly and topography data to determine the 3D lithospheric density structure of the Singhbhum Protocontinent. Our density model shows that distinct vertical density heterogeneities exist throughout the lithosphere beneath the Singhbhum Protocontinent. The crustal structure identified includes a lateral average crustal density variation from 2800 to 2890 kg/m3 as well as a relatively flat Moho at 35-40 km depth in Singhbhum Protocontinent and Bastar Craton. A similar Moho depth range is found for the Mahanadi, Damodar, and Bengal basins. In the northern part of the area, Moho undulates between more than 40 km under the confluence of Mahanadi-Damodar Gondwana basins and the Ganga foreland basin, and 36-32 km under the Eastern Ghats Mobile belt and finally reaches 24 km in the Bay of Bengal. The lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) across the Singhbhum Protocontinent is at a depth of about 130-140 km. In the regions of Bastar Craton and Bengal Basin, the LAB dips to about 155 ± 5 km depth. The confluence of Mahanadi and Damodar Gondwana basins toward the north-west and the foreland Ganga Basin toward the north are characterized by a deeper LAB lying at a depth of over 170 and 200 km, respectively. In the Bay of Bengal, the LAB is at a shallower depth of about 100-130 km except over the 85 0E ridge (150 km), and off the Kolkata coast (155 km). Significant density variation as well as an almost flat crust-mantle boundary indicates the effect of significant crustal reworking. The thin (135-140 km) lithosphere provides compelling evidence of lithospheric modification in the Singhbhum Protocontinent. Similarities between the lithospheric structures of the Singhbhum Craton, Chhotanagpur Gneiss Complex, and Northern Singhbhum Mobile Belt confirm that the repeated thermal perturbation controlled continental lithospheric modification in the Singhbhum Protocontinent.
DS201612-2325
2016
Kumar, N.Pandit, M.K., Kumar, N., Sial, A.N., Sukumaran, G.B., Piementle, M., Ferreira, V.P.Geochemistry and C-O and Nd-Sr isotope characteristics of the 2.4 Ga Hogenakkal carbonatites and the South Indian granulite terrain: evidence for an end Archean depleted component and mantle heterogeneity.International Geology Review, Vol. 58, 12, pp. 1461-1480.IndiaCarbonatite

Abstract: The South Indian Granulite Terrane (SGT) is a collage of Archaean to Neoproterozoic age granulite facies blocks that are sutured by an anastomosing network of large-scale shear systems. Besides several Neoproterozoic carbonatite complexes emplaced within the Archaean granulites, there are also smaller Paleoproterozoic (2.4 Ga, Hogenakkal) carbonatite intrusions within two NE-trending pyroxenite dikes. The Hogenakkal carbonatites, further discriminated into sövite and silicate sövite, have high Sr and Ba contents and extreme light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment with steep slopes typical of carbonatites. The C- and O-isotopic ratios [?13CVPDB = ?6.7 to ?5.8‰ and ?18OVSMOW = 7.5-8.7‰ except a single 18O-enriched sample (?18O = 20.0‰)] represent unmodified mantle compositions. The ?Nd values indicate two groupings for the Hogenakkal carbonatites; most samples show positive ?Nd values, close to CHUR (?Nd = ?0.35 to 2.94) and named high-?Nd group while the low-?Nd group samples show negative values (?5.69 to ?8.86), corresponding to depleted and enriched source components, respectively. The 87Sr/86Sri ratios of the two groups also can be distinguished: the high-?Nd ones have low 87Sr/86Sri ratios (0.70161-0.70244) while the low-?Nd group shows higher ratios (0.70247-0.70319). We consider the Nd-Sr ratios as primary and infer derivation from a heterogeneous mantle source. The emplacement of the Hogenakkal carbonatites may be related to Paleoproterozoic plume induced large-scale rifting and fracturing related to initiation of break-up of the Neoarchean supercontinent Kenorland.
DS202009-1638
2020
Kumar, N.Kumar, N., Sigh, A.P., Tiwari, V.M.Gravity anomalies, isostasy and density structure of the Indian continental lithosphere.Episodes, Vol. 43, 1, pp. 609-621.Indiageophysics, gravity

Abstract: Gravity anomalies across the Indian region depict most of the geological and tectonic domains of the Indian continental lithosphere, which evolved through Archean cratonic nucleation, Proterozoic accretion, Phanerozoic India-Eurasia plate convergence, and modification through many thermal perturbations and rifting. Integrated analysis of gravity and geoid anomalies together with topographic and heat flow data led to deciphering the mechanism of isostatic compensation of topographic and geological loads, lithospheric structure, and composition. This study discusses the nature of gravity (free-air, Bouguer and Isostatic) and geoid anomalies in relation to the topography, geology, and tectonics, and presents a lithospheric density model across the peninsular India and Himalaya. Southern peninsular Indian region shows relatively low Bouguer gravity anomalies compared to the northern region. The mobile belts are generally observed to have relatively higher Bouguer gravity anomalies, e.g., Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt compared to the shield regions. The gravity lows are observed over topographic features like the Western Ghats and Himalaya, while some of the topographic highs like Aravalli show positive gravity anomaly. The Indian Ocean Geoid Low varies from -82 m over Dharwar Craton to -98 m over the Southern Granulite Terrain and finally reaches a significant low of -106 m in the Indian Ocean. Flexural isostatic compensation with variable Effective Elastic Thickness (EET) ~10 km to 50 km prevails over the stable continental region. The lithospheric thickness varies from 80 km along the coastal region to 120-130 km beneath the Saurashtra Plateau, the Southern Granulite Terrain, and the Eastern Indian Shield, and reaches to more than 200 km under the Himalayan orogenic belt in the north. From Dharwar Craton to Bundelkhand Craton in central India, the lithospheric thickness varies between 160 and 180 km.
DS202106-0970
2021
Kumar, N.Singh, A.P., Kumar, N., Nageswara Rao, B., Tiwari, V.M.Geopotential evidence of missing lithospheric root beneath the eastern Indian shield: an integrated approach.Precambrian Research, Vol. 356, 106116Indiageophysics - seismic

Abstract: The eastern Indian shield consists of Archaean Singhbhum Craton and Proterozoic Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex sandwiching the Singhbhum Mobile Belt. Since the cratonization of the Singhbhum Craton in Archaean, the growth of the eastern Indian shield took place in time and space through tectono-magmatic processes. The stability of cold and thick lithosphere is fundamental to long-term survival of cratons, whereas the geophysical studies have detected the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) under the eastern Indian shield at depths too shallow to be called stable. We analysed the terrestrial Bouguer gravity anomaly, and satellite-based free-air anomaly, geoid undulation, and elevation data to ascertain the 2D lithospheric density structure across the region. Our density model illustrates that the density inhomogeneity exists in the crust across the three tectonic domains of the eastern Indian shield. The derived crustal model shows an upper and lower crustal density variation from 2740 to 2770 kg/m3, and from 2930 to 2940 kg/m3, respectively, and a reasonably smooth Moho at 37-41 km depth. Towards the north, the Moho undulates from 40 to 43 km under the foreland Ganga basin, whereas in the south, it varies from 38 to 30 km under the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt and lastly moves to ~20 km in the Bay of Bengal. In the southern part of the Singhbhum Craton, an undissipated lithospheric mantle root is found at a depth of ~150 km. Otherwise, the LAB shallows to ~132 km in the northern Singhbhum Craton and Singhbhum Mobile Belt and then thickens to about 135-140 km depth beneath the Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex. The foreland Ganga basin toward the extreme north is characterized by a more in-depth LAB lying at a depth of over 200 km. The LAB, in the Bay of Bengal, is at a depth of 112-125 km, except for the Kolkata coast (135 km). Moderate crustal density difference in various crustal domains, as well as an almost smooth crust-mantle boundary at 37-40 km depth, suggests the effect of substantial mafic-ultramafic crustal intrusion and together with the thin (135-140 km) lithosphere reinforces the evidence of thermo-chemical processes that controlled the lithospheric modification in the eastern Indian shield.
DS202108-1312
2021
Kumar, N.Vasanti, A., Singh, A.P., Kumar, N., Nageswara Rao, B., Satyakumar, A.V., Santosh, M.Crust-mantle structure and lithospheric destruction of the oldest craton in the Indian shield.Precambrian Research, Vol. 362, 16p. PdfIndiacraton

Abstract: The Singhbhum craton is among the five Archean cratons of Peninsular India that preserves some of the oldest continental nuclei. In this work, we present a new and complete Bouguer gravity map of this craton with insights into its deep crust-mantle structure, lithospheric thickness and density variations beneath this craton. The conspicuous presence of high-order residual gravity low anomalies, together with low estimated densities, suggests voluminous presence of Singhbhum granitic batholiths that built the dominant crustal architecture. The isolated residual gravity highs correspond to the mafic and ultramafic volcanic suites like, Dhanjori, Simlipal and Dalma, while the relatively low gravity anomalies observed over the western volcanic suites like Malangtoli, Jagannathpur and Ongarbira, indicate their relatively felsic nature. The estimated lithospheric thickness of about ~ 130 km below the granitic batholithic region, and about 112 km beneath the Precambrian volcanic terranes, together with low effective elastic thickness (Te,) of only about 31 km, suggest a thin and weak lithosphere. The craton witnessed extensive lithospheric destruction with the removal of nearly 100-150 km of the cratonic root. The decratonization may be linked to subduction during the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic period, together with mantle plumes at different times, suggesting a combined mechanical, thermal and chemical erosion of the cratonic keel.
DS201903-0525
2019
Kumar, P.Kumar, P., Tewari, H.C., Sreenivas, B.Seismic structure of the Central Indian crust and its implications on the crustal evolution.Journal of the Geological Society of India, Vol. 93, 2, pp. 163-170.Indiageophysics - seismic

Abstract: The crustal structures of the Narmada region in Central India bounded by fault system (Narmada- North and South faults : NNF and NSF) has been derived from deep seismic sounding (DSS) studies along the two profiles trending almost north-south direction. The wide-angle phases have been modeled kinematically and dynamically using the 2-D asymptotic ray tracing technique. The combined seismic and gravity modeling reveals a multilayer crust in the region. The crustal wide-angle reflection phases map the Moho discontinuity, where the P-wave velocity jumps from 7.2 km s-1 to 8.0-8.1 km s-1, at depth varying between 38 km and 44 km. A layer with velocity 7.2 km s-1, exists above the Moho in most parts of the profiles and is attributed to the magmatic underplating related to the Deccan volcanism (~65 Ma). The intriguing observation of the study is a zone characterized by anomalous high velocity (6.5-6.6 km s-1) within the upper crust. 2-D gravity modeling demonstrates that this anomalous layer has a density of ~2.9 gm cm-3, which is equivalent to the rocks metamorphosed to granulite/amphibolite facies. This high velocity layer probably represents the granulite enclaves within the Archaean granites/gneiss rocks and was formed during the cratonization of the Achaean crust. Importantly, this high velocity layer shows an average upward displacement of ~8.5 km within the region bounded by NNF and NSF as compared to the regions beyond it. The studies suggest that the observed displacement in the high velocity layer of the upper crust is a result of repeated reactivation of the Narmada fault system.
DS202009-1670
2020
Kumar, P.Tewari, H.C., Kumar, P.Lithospheric framework of the Indian sub-continent through seismic and seismological studies.Episodes, Vol. 43, 1, pp. 622-637.Indiageophysics, seismic

Abstract: Knowledge of the crust and lithospheric structure of the Indian sub-continent primarily comes from several active and passive seismic experiments. These studies are i) controlled source, ii) surface wave studies, iii) receiver functions and v) tomographic studies. The results from these studies in the Indian shield have emanated several interesting features that were hitherto unknown. The peninsular, central and north-western part of the shields, Himalayan and Andaman-Nicobar regions have shown that continental collision and extension from the Proterozoic to Recent time has played an important role in formation and geodynamics of these features. The granulites, in the southern granulite terrain, are formed primarily due to the release of the carbonic fluids from the supracrustal rocks of the subduction zone and volcanic arc environment. These were later exhumed from the deep crust during the collision process. In the central Indian shield the Narmada-Son lineament and the central Indian suture are the main features of the crust. In the Narmada region, mafic intrusion in the upper crust appears to have played an important role in shaping the present structural trends. The Central Indian suture is a collision zone developed due to the interaction of the Bastar and Bundelkhand cratons. In the northwesternpart of the India, the Aravalli-Delhi trend is the controlling feature for the tectonics of the region. Demarcation of the various boundaries between different crustal units are marked across the trend, by changes in the dip direction and steeply dipping reflections, cutting across the nearly horizontal reflections at various depths in the crust. Plate tectonics appears to be responsible for generation of this belt. In the crustal block between the Delhi-Aravalli system and the Narmada-Son Lineament, which is running to the south of the Saurashtra peninsula the crust up uplifted by as much as 4 to 6 km as compared to the regions outside these trends. Apart from the deep crustal structure, lithospheric and upper mantle studies till 660km depth have also been conducted in the entire Indian plate using seismological tools e.g. P-to-s and S-to-p receiver function, surface waves dispersion and tomographic studies. The Himalayan region shows the architecture of the under thrusting Indian plate beneath the Tibetan plate in the north and north-west, while the subduction beneath the Burmese arc has been mapped in the eastern part. Further, a number of studies have been conducted in the Andaman-Nicobar Islands to image the subduction of Indian oceanic plate in order to understand the genesis of earthquakes in these regions.
DS202106-0943
2021
Kumar, P.Illa, B., Reshma, K.S., Kumar, P., Srinagesh, D., Haldar, C., Kumar, S., Mandal, P.Pn tomography and anisotropic study of the Indian Shield and the adjacent regions.Tectonophysics, Vo. 813, 228932 23p. PdfIndiatomography

Abstract: High-resolution P-wave velocity and anisotropy structure of the hitherto elusive uppermost mantle beneath the Indian shield and its surrounding regions are presented to unravel the tectonic imprints in the lithosphere. We inverted high quality 19,500 regional Pn phases from 172 seismological stations for 4780 earthquakes at a distance range of 2° to 15° with a mean apparent Pn velocity of 8.22 km/s. The results suggest that the Pn velocity anomalies with fast anisotropic directions are consistent with the collision environments in the Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Tarim Basin, and Burmese arc regions. The higher Pn anomalies along the Himalayan arc explicate the subducting cold Indian lithosphere. The cratonic upper mantle of the Indian shield is characterized by Pn velocity of 8.12-8.42 km/s, while the large part of the central Indian shield has higher mantle-lid velocity of ~8.42 km/s with dominant anisotropic value of 0.2-0.3 km/s (~7.5%) suggesting the presence of mafic ‘lava pillow’ related to the Deccan volcanism. The impressions of the rifts and the mobile belts are conspicuous in the velocity anomaly image indicating their deep seated origin. The Pn anisotropy in the Indian shield exhibits a complex pattern and deviates from the absolute plate motion directions derived from the SKS study, demonstrating the presence of frozen anisotropy in the Indian lithospheric uppermost mantle, due to the large scale tectonic deformation after its breakup from the Gondwanaland. Whereas, Pn and SKS anisotropic observations are well consistent in Tarim basin, Tibetan regions, eastern Himalayan syntaxis and the Burmese arc. The modeled anisotropic Pn clearly manifests a lower velocity anomaly bounded by 85°E and 90°E ridges in the southern Bay of Bengal. Further, 85°E ridge spatially separates the BoB lithosphere into faster and slower regions consistent with the body wave tomography and free-air gravity observation.
DS202112-1935
2021
Kumar, P.Kumar, P., Mandal, B., Kumar, M.P.Seismic structure of the crust and lithospheric mantle of the Indian Shield: a review.Journal of the Geological Society of India, Vol. 97, 10, pp. 1169-1189.Indiageophysics - seismics

Abstract: The article reviews the history and accomplishments of CSIR-NGRI over the past 60 years, related to elucidating the seismic structure of the crust and lithospheric mantle of the Indian shield. Extensive investigations have been carried out in diverse geological and tectonic provinces of India, employing seismic reflection, refraction/wide-angle reflection and passive seismology to decipher (a) the evolution of the Indian plate through geological time, (b) hazard and its mitigation and (c) accumulation and disposition of natural resources. These endeavours entailed the application and development of state-of-the-art methodologies. Synthesis of the results from active and passive seismology reveals that the thickness of the crust varies between 28 and 65 km in the Kachchh and Aravalli regions respectively, consistent with their evolutionary histories. The thickest crust is observed in the western Dharwar craton (WDC) and the shallowest lies in the west coast. The crust in the shield region is mostly thicker, while it is thin beneath the rift zones. Results from coincident reflection and wide-angle seismic reflection studies broadly suggest a three-layered crust with magmatic underplating. Interestingly, the seismic sections traversing the Aravalli fold belt, central Indian suture zone, Dharwar craton and Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) depict paleo-collision and subduction environments. The diverse character of the Moho, crustal fabrics and structure in different geological provinces indicate that contrasting tectonic environments might have influenced their evolution and support the hypothesis that plate tectonic processes were operative since Neoarchean. The thickness of the lithosphere estimated from receiver functions varies from 80 to 140 km. An undulation in the Lithosphere Asthenosphere Boundary reveals evidence for a flexure on a regional scale, owing to the continental collision of the Indian and Asian plates. However, the lithospheric thickness derived from surface wave dispersion studies is somewhat larger, ranging from 100 to 250 km, with some body wave tomographic studies suggesting it to be ?400 km, in consonance with the concept of Tectosphere. The thickness values derived from both the methods agree at a few locales such as the Eastern Dharwar Craton, SGT, Cambay, Singhbhum and western DVP. However, a broad disagreement prevails in WDC and northern part of the Indian shield where surface wave tomography reveals the thickness of lithosphere to be 140 to 200 km.
DS200512-0589
2005
Kumar, P.R.Kumar, P.R., Kind, W., Hanka, K., Wylegalla, Ch., Reigber, X., Yuan, I., Woelbern, P., GudmundssonThe lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary in the North West Atlantic region.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 236, pp. 249-257.EuropeBoundary
DS2003-1138
2003
Kumar, P.S.Ray, L., Kumar, P.S., Reddy, G.K., Roy, S., Rao, G.V., Srinivasan, R., RaoHigh mantle heat flow in a Precambrian granite province: evidence from southern IndiaJournal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, B2, 10.1029/2001JB000688IndiaUHP
DS2003-1139
2003
Kumar, P.S.Ray, L., Kumar, P.S., Reddy, G.K., Roy, S., Rao, G.V., Srinivasan, R., RaoHigh mantle heat flow in a Precambrian granulite province: evidence from southernJournal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, 2, ETG 6IndiaUHP, Geothermometry
DS200412-1068
2004
Kumar, P.S.Kumar, P.S., Reddy, G.K.Radio elements and heat production of an exposed Archean crustal cross section, Dharwar craton, South India.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 224, 3-4, pp. 309-324.IndiaGeothermometry, heat flow
DS200412-1637
2003
Kumar, P.S.Ray, L., Kumar, P.S., Reddy, G.K., Roy, S., Rao, G.V., Srinivasan, R., Rao, R.U.M.High mantle heat flow in a Precambrian granulite province: evidence from southern India.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, 2, ETG 6IndiaUHP Geothermometry
DS1992-0982
1992
Kumar, R.Madhavan, V., Mallikharjuna Rao, J. Balaram. V., Kumar, R.Geochemistry and petrogenesis of lamprophyres and associated dikes fromElchuru, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaJournal of Geological Society India, Vol. 40, No. 2, August pp. 135-150IndiaLamprophyres, Petrology
DS1994-0961
1994
Kumar, R.Kumar, R., Amaratunga, D.Government policies towards small scale miningResources Policy, Vol. 20, No. 1, March pp. 15-22GlobalEconomics, Small scale mining
DS201706-1087
2017
Kumar, R.Kumar, R., Bansal, A.R., Anand, P., Rao, V.K., Singh, U.Mapping of magnetic basement in the central India from aeromagnetic dat a for scaling geology.Geophysical Prospecting, in press availableIndiageophysics - aermagnetics

Abstract: The Central Indian region is having complex geology covering the Godavari Graben, the Bastar Craton (including the Chhattisgarh Basin), the Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt, the Mahanadi Graban and some part of the Deccan Trap, the Northern Singhbhum Orogen and the Eastern Dharwar Craton. The region is well covered by reconnaissance scale aeromagnetic data, analyzed for the estimation of basement and shallow anomalous magnetic sources depth using scaling spectral method. The shallow magnetic anomalies are found to vary from 1 to 3 km whereas magnetic basement depth values are found to vary from 2 to 7 km. The shallowest basement depth of 2 km corresponds to the Kanker granites, a part of the Bastar Craton, whereas deepest basement depth of 7 km is for the Godavari Basin and the southeastern part of the Eastern Ghat Mobile Belts near the Parvatipuram Bobbili fault. The estimated basement depth values correlate well with the values found from earlier geophysical studies. The earlier geophysical studies are limited to few tectonic units whereas our estimation provides detailed magnetic basement mapping in the region. The magnetic basement and shallow depth values in the region indicate complex tectonic, heterogeneity and intrusive bodies at different depth which can be attributed to different thermo-tectonic processes since Precambrian.
DS201801-0033
2018
Kumar, R.Kumar, R., Bansal, A.R., Anand, S.P., Rao, V.K., Singh, U.K.Mapping of magnetic basement in central India from aeromagnetic dat a for scaling geology. Bastar Craton including Chhattisgarth basin.Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 66, 1, pp. 226-239.Indiageophysics - magnetics

Abstract: The Central Indian region has a complex geology covering the Godavari Graben, the Bastar Craton (including the Chhattisgarh Basin), the Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt, the Mahanadi Graben and some part of the Deccan Trap, the northern Singhbhum Orogen and the eastern Dharwar Craton. The region is well covered by reconnaissance-scale aeromagnetic data, analysed for the estimation of basement and shallow anomalous magnetic sources depth using scaling spectral method. The shallow magnetic anomalies are found to vary from 1 to 3 km, whereas magnetic basement depth values are found to vary from 2 to 7 km. The shallowest basement depth of 2 km corresponds to the Kanker granites, a part of the Bastar Craton, whereas the deepest basement depth of 7 km is for the Godavari Basin and the southeastern part of the Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt near the Parvatipuram Bobbili fault. The estimated basement depth values correlate well with the values found from earlier geophysical studies. The earlier geophysical studies are limited to few tectonic units, whereas our estimation provides detailed magnetic basement mapping in the region. The magnetic basement and shallow depth values in the region indicate complex tectonic, heterogeneity, and intrusive bodies at different depths, which can be attributed to different thermo-tectonic processes since Precambrian.
DS201912-2797
2019
Kumar, R.K.Kumar, R.K., Praveer, P., Rao, N.V.Chalapthi, Chakrabarti, R., Pandit, D.Petrogenesis of an alkaline lamprophyre ( camptonite) with ocean island basalt ( OIB)-affinity at the NW margin of the Cuddapah Basin, eastern Dharwar craton, southern India.Neues Jahbuch fur Mineralogy, Vol. 196, p2, pp. 149-177.Indiacamptonite

Abstract: We report petrology and geochemistry (including Sr and Nd isotopes) of a fresh lamprophyre at Ankiraopalli area at the north-western margin of Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Cuddapah basin, eastern Dharwar craton, southern India. Ankiraopalli samples possess a typical lamprophyre porphyritic-panidiomorphic texture with phenocrysts of kaersutite and diopside set in a plagioclase dominant groundmass. Combined mineralogy and geochemistry classify it as alkaline lampro- phyre in general and camptonite in particular. Contrary to the calc-alkaline and/or shoshonitic orogenic nature portrayed by lamprophyres occurring towards the western margin of the Cuddapah basin, the Ankiraopalli samples display trace element composition revealing striking similarity with those of ocean island basalts, Italian alkaline lamprophyres and highlights an anorogenic character. However, the87 Sr/86 Srinitial (0.710316 to 0.720016) and ?Ndinitial (- 9.54 to - 9.61) of the Ankiraopalli lamprophyre show derivation from an 'enriched' mantle source showing long term enrichment of incompatible trace elements and contrast from those of (i) OIB, and (ii) nearby Mahbubnagar alkaline mafic dykes of OIB affinity. Combining results of this study and recent advances made, multiple mantle domains are identified in the Eastern Dharwar craton which generated distinct Mesoproterozoic lamprophyre varieties. These include (i) Domain I, involving sub-continental lithospheric mantle source essentially metasomatized by subduction-derived melts/fluids (represented by orogenic calcalkaline and/or shoshonitic lamprophyres at the Mudigubba, the Udiripikonda and the Kadiri); (ii) Domain II, comprising a mixed sub-continental lithospheric and asthenospheric source (represented by orogenic-anorogenic, alkaline to calc-alkaline transitional lamprophyres at the Korakkodu), and (iii) Domain III, representing a sub-continental lithospheric source with a dominant overprint of an asthenospheric (plume) component (represented by essentially alkaline lamprophyres at the Ankiraopalli). Our study highlights the varied mantle source heterogeneities and complexity of geodynamic processes involved in the Neoarchean-Paleo/Mesoproterozoic evolution of the Eastern Dharwar craton.
DS201112-0841
2011
Kumar, R.P.Rama Rao, Ch., Kishore, R.K., Kumar, R.P., Babu, B.B.Delineation of intra crustal horizon in Eastern Dharwar Craton - an aeromagntic evidence.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, Vol. 40, 2, Jan. pp. 534-541.IndiaGeophysics - magnetics
DS1970-0116
1970
Kumar, S.Kumar, S.Whither Diamond Mining in India?Indiaqua., PP. 9-11.India, PannaHistory
DS1970-0332
1971
Kumar, S.Kumar, S.Mining for Diamonds at Majhgawan, PannaIndia Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publishing, No. 19, PP. 163-168.IndiaMining Engineering
DS1975-0478
1977
Kumar, S.Chattopadhyay, P.B., Kumar, S.A Note on the Occurrence of Garnet in the Kimberlite Plug Of Jungel, Mirzapur District, Uttar Pradesh.Indian Minerals, Vol. 31, No. 3, PP. 40-41.India, Uttar PradeshMineralogy
DS200812-0616
2008
Kumar, S.Kumar, S.Magmatism, tectonism and mineralization.Current Science, Vol. 94, 8, April 25, pp. 970-971.MantleReport on meeting - overview
DS201312-0141
2013
Kumar, S.Chalapathi Rao, N.V., Sinha, A.K., Kumar, S., Srivastava, R.K.K rich titanite from the Jharia ultrapotassic rock, Gondwana coal fields, eastern India, and its petrological significance.Journal of the Geological Society of India, Vol. 81, 6, pp. 733-736.IndiaPetrology
DS201711-2500
2017
Kumar, S.Asthana, D., Kumar, S., Kumar Vind, A., Zehra, F., Kumar, H., Pophare, A.M.Geochemical fingerprinting of ~ 2.5 Ga forearc-arc-backarc related magmatic suites in the Bastar Craton, central India.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, in press available, 17p.Indiageodynamics

Abstract: The Pitepani volcanic suite of the Dongargarh Supergroup, central India comprises of a calc-alkaline suite and a tholeiitic suite, respectively. The rare earth element (REE) patterns, mantle normalized plots and relict clinopyroxene chemistry of the Pitepani calc-alkaline suite are akin to high-Mg andesites (HMA) and reveal remarkable similarity to the Cenozoic Setouchi HMA from Japan. The Pitepani HMAs are geochemically correlated with similar rocks in the Kotri-Dongargarh mobile belt (KDMB) and in the mafic dykes of the Bastar Craton. The rationale behind lithogeochemical correlations are that sanukitic HMAs represent fore-arc volcanism over a very limited period of time, under abnormally high temperature conditions and are excellent regional and tectonic time markers. Furthermore, the tholeiitic suites that are temporally and spatially associated with the HMAs in the KDMB and in the mafic dykes of the Bastar Craton are classified into: (a) a continental back-arc suite that are depleted in incompatible elements, and (b) a continental arc suite that are more depleted in incompatible elements, respectively. The HMA suite, the continental back-arc and continental arc suites are lithogeochemically correlated in the KDMB and in the mafic dykes of the Bastar Craton. The three geochemically distinct Neoarchaean magmatic suites are temporally and spatially related to each other and to an active continental margin. The identification of three active continental margin magmatic suites for the first time, provides a robust conceptual framework to unravel the Neoarchaean geodynamic evolution of the Bastar Craton. We propose an active continental margin along the Neoarchaen KDMB with eastward subduction coupled with slab roll back or preferably, ridge-subduction along the Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) to account for the three distinct magmatic suites and the Neoarchean geodynamic evolution of the Bastar Craton.
DS201805-0933
2018
Kumar, S.Asthana, D., Kumar, S., Vind, A.K., Zehra, F., Kumar, H., Pophare, A.M.Geochemical fingerprinting of ~2.5 Ga forearc-arc-backarc related magmatic suites in the Bastar Craton, central India.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, Vol. 157, pp. 218-234.IndiaCraton

Abstract: The Pitepani volcanic suite of the Dongargarh Supergroup, central India comprises of a calc-alkaline suite and a tholeiitic suite, respectively. The rare earth element (REE) patterns, mantle normalized plots and relict clinopyroxene chemistry of the Pitepani calc-alkaline suite are akin to high-Mg andesites (HMA) and reveal remarkable similarity to the Cenozoic Setouchi HMA from Japan. The Pitepani HMAs are geochemically correlated with similar rocks in the Kotri-Dongargarh mobile belt (KDMB) and in the mafic dykes of the Bastar Craton. The rationale behind lithogeochemical correlations are that sanukitic HMAs represent fore-arc volcanism over a very limited period of time, under abnormally high temperature conditions and are excellent regional and tectonic time markers. Furthermore, the tholeiitic suites that are temporally and spatially associated with the HMAs in the KDMB and in the mafic dykes of the Bastar Craton are classified into: (a) a continental back-arc suite that are depleted in incompatible elements, and (b) a continental arc suite that are more depleted in incompatible elements, respectively. The HMA suite, the continental back-arc and continental arc suites are lithogeochemically correlated in the KDMB and in the mafic dykes of the Bastar Craton. The three geochemically distinct Neoarchaean magmatic suites are temporally and spatially related to each other and to an active continental margin. The identification of three active continental margin magmatic suites for the first time, provides a robust conceptual framework to unravel the Neoarchaean geodynamic evolution of the Bastar Craton. We propose an active continental margin along the Neoarchaen KDMB with eastward subduction coupled with slab roll back or preferably, ridge-subduction along the Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) to account for the three distinct magmatic suites and the Neoarchean geodynamic evolution of the Bastar Craton.
DS201908-1805
2019
Kumar, S.Presser, J.L.B., Kumar, S.With the eyes in Bunder lamproites cluster.Researchgate, July 16p. pdfIndia, Madhya Pradeshdeposit - Bunder
DS201909-2055
2019
Kumar, S.Kumar Pal, S., Kumar, S.Subsurface structural mapping using EIGEN6C4 data over Bundelkhand craton and surroundings: an appraisal on kimberlite/lamproite emplacement.Journal of the Geological Society of India, Vol. 94, 2, pp. 188-196.Indiadiamond genesis

Abstract: The Bundelkhand craton is surrounded by different mobile belts. The central Indian tectonic zone (CITZ) in the southern part is one of the prominent tectonic zones. CITZ is an important structural controlling factor for the Majhgawan and Hinota Kimberlite pipes. Several dyke swarms and quartz vein fractures are resulted due to volcanic and tectonic activity in the present study area. The objective of the present study is to delineate the subsurface lineaments using different edge enhancement techniques for mineral exploration in the future. Initially, First vertical derivative (FVD), total horizontal derivative (THD), tilt derivative (TDR) and theta (THETA) map have been applied to EIGEN6C4 Bouguer anomaly data. Composite lineament density map has been generated using all enhanced maps to analyze the effect of length of lineaments in the unit area. Upward continuation maps for different height have been generated to distinguish the shallower and deeper body effects. Further, Euler 3D deconvolution technique has been applied to Bouguer anomaly data to calculate the possible depth of associated lineaments. A comparative analysis of upward continuation depth and Euler’s depth has been carried out zone wise.
DS202006-0930
2020
Kumar, S.Kumar, S., Pal, S.K., Guha, A.Very low frequency electromagnetic ( VLF-EM) study over Wajrakakarur kimberlite pipe 6 in eastern Dharwar craton, India.Journal of Earth System Science, Vol. 129, 1, 102 10p. PdfIndiadeposit - Pipe 6

Abstract: The Wajrakarur kimberlite Pipe 6 in Eastern Dharwar Craton, is hardly explored using latest ground-based geophysical techniques. The present study uses the Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) method for understanding the aerial extension, depth and geometry of the kimberlite pipe. The VLF-EM data have been analyzed using Fraser filtering of in-phase component, 3D Euler deconvolution of Fraser filtered in-phase data, radially average power spectrum (RAPS) of VLF data (raw data) and 2D inversion of VLF data (raw data). The Fraser filtered in-phase grid anomaly map has witnessed as an effective tool for mapping extension of the kimberlite pipe. The maxima of Fraser filtered in-phase component has been observed as a key parameter to delineate the conducting bodies. The high apparent current density in Karous-Hjelt (K-H) pseudo section locate relatively conducting body possibly associated with kimberlite pipe. Two depth interfaces at about 15 and 32 m have been delineated using RAPS. 3D Euler solution indicate dyke-like structure associated with kimberlite pipe having depth solutions ranging from 6 to 40 m with mode of depth 17 m in the study area. 2D resistivity sections indicate that causative bodies are in the depth range of 15-50 m. The results of VLF-EM study are well validated using geological borehole data over the study area reported by Geological Survey of India.
DS202008-1412
2020
Kumar, S.Kumar, S., Gupta, S., Kanna, N., Sivaram, k.Crustal structures across the Deccan volcanic province and eastern Dharwar craton in south Indian shield using receiver function modelling.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 306, 106543, 9p. PdfIndiageophysics -seismic

Abstract: The south Indian shield, primarily consisting of Archean cratons and Cretaceous-Tertiary Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP), has undergone several major tectonic episodes during its evolution. The Deccan volcanism at Cretaceous-Tertiary (~65 Ma) is the last major tectono-thermal event, which influenced a substantial part of the south Indian shield. To understand the influence of the Deccan volcanism on the evolution of the south Indian shield, we study the crustal seismic structure of the ~65 Ma Deccan Volcanic Province and the adjacent ~2.6 Ga Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC), which forms the basement of the volcanic terrain. We calculate teleseismic receiver functions for 18 broadband seismic stations along a ~1000 km long seismological profile that cut across both the EDC and DVP. The analysis and modelling, using H-Vp/Vs stacking and generalized neighbourhood algorithm inversion of the receiver functions show distinct crustal structure (crustal thickness, average composition, shear wave velocity variation, nature of crust-mantle boundary, etc.) across the EDC and DVP. The results clearly indicate that the crustal structure is heterogeneous beneath the DVP compared to a relatively uniform structure below the EDC. Using results from this study along with earlier results, we infer that the present Eastern Dharwar Craton terrain is not affected by any tectono-thermal event for a long geological time, including the Deccan volcanism. Whereas, the present Deccan Volcanic Province is highly affected by the Reunion mantle plume-crust interaction.
DS202009-1620
2020
Kumar, S.Choudhary, S., Sen, K., Kumar, S., Rana, S., Ghosh, S.Forsterite repricipitation and carbon dioxide entrapment in the lithospheric mantle during its interaction with carbonatitic melt: a case study from the Sung Valley ultramafic-alkaline-carbonatite complex, Meghalaya, NE India.Geological Magazine, 10.1017/S001675 68200000631 12p.Indiacarbonatites

Abstract: Carbonatite melts derived from the mantle are enriched in CO2- and H2O-bearing fluids. This melt can metasomatize the peridotitic lithosphere and liberate a considerable amount of CO2. Experimental studies have also shown that a CO2-H2O-rich fluid can form Fe- and Mg-rich carbonate by reacting with olivine. The Sung Valley carbonatite of NE India is related to the Kerguelen plume and is characterized by rare occurrences of olivine. Our study shows that this olivine is resorbed forsterite of xenocrystic nature. This olivine bears inclusions of Fe-rich magnesite. Accessory apatite in the host carbonatite contains CO2-H2O fluid inclusions. Carbon and oxygen isotopic analyses indicate that the carbonatites are primary igneous carbonatites and are devoid of any alteration or fractionation. We envisage that the forsterite is a part of the lithospheric mantle that was reprecipitated in a carbonatite reservoir through dissolution-precipitation. Carbonation of this forsterite, during interaction between the lithospheric mantle and carbonatite melt, formed Fe-rich magnesite. CO2-H2O-rich fluid derived from the carbonatite magma and detected within accessory apatite caused this carbonation. Our study suggests that a significant amount of CO2 degassed from the mantle by carbonatitic magma can become entrapped in the lithosphere by forming Fe- and Mg-rich carbonates.
DS202012-2223
2020
Kumar, S.Jones, D.C., Kumar, S., Lanigan, P.M.P., McGuiness, C.D., Dale, M.W., Twichen, D.J., Fisher, D., Martineau, P.M., Neil, M.A., Dunsby, C., French, P.M.W.Multidemensional luminescence microscope for imaging defect colour centres in diamond.Methods and Applications in Flouresence, Vol. 8, 1, 01404 htpp:dx.doi.org/10.1088/2050-6120/ab4eacGloballuminescence

Abstract: We report a multidimensional luminescence microscope providing hyperspectral imaging and time-resolved (luminescence lifetime) imaging for the study of luminescent diamond defects. The instrument includes crossed-polariser white light transmission microscopy to reveal any birefringence that would indicate strain in the diamond lattice. We demonstrate the application of this new instrument to detect defects in natural and synthetic diamonds including N3, nitrogen and silicon vacancies. Hyperspectral imaging provides contrast that is not apparent in conventional intensity images and the luminescence lifetime provides further contrast.
DS202101-0003
2020
Kumar, S.Choudhary, S., Sen, K., Kumar, S., Rana, S., Ghosh, S.Forsterite reprecipitation and carbon dioxide entrapment in the lithospheric mantle during its interaction with carbonatitic melt: a case study from the Sung Valley ultramafic-alkaline-carbonatite complex, Meghalaya, NE India.Geological Magazine, doi:1017/S001 6756820000631, 12p.Indiadeposit - Sung Valley

Abstract: Carbonatite melts derived from the mantle are enriched in CO2- and H2O-bearing fluids. This melt can metasomatize the peridotitic lithosphere and liberate a considerable amount of CO2. Experimental studies have also shown that a CO2-H2O-rich fluid can form Fe- and Mg-rich carbonate by reacting with olivine. The Sung Valley carbonatite of NE India is related to the Kerguelen plume and is characterized by rare occurrences of olivine. Our study shows that this olivine is resorbed forsterite of xenocrystic nature. This olivine bears inclusions of Fe-rich magnesite. Accessory apatite in the host carbonatite contains CO2-H2O fluid inclusions. Carbon and oxygen isotopic analyses indicate that the carbonatites are primary igneous carbonatites and are devoid of any alteration or fractionation. We envisage that the forsterite is a part of the lithospheric mantle that was reprecipitated in a carbonatite reservoir through dissolution-precipitation. Carbonation of this forsterite, during interaction between the lithospheric mantle and carbonatite melt, formed Fe-rich magnesite. CO2-H2O-rich fluid derived from the carbonatite magma and detected within accessory apatite caused this carbonation. Our study suggests that a significant amount of CO2 degassed from the mantle by carbonatitic magma can become entrapped in the lithosphere by forming Fe- and Mg-rich carbonates.
DS202103-0372
2021
Kumar, S.Choudhary, S., Sen, K., Kumar, S., Rana, S., Ghosh, S.Forsterite reprecipitation and carbon dioxide entrapment in the lithospheric mantle during its interaction with carbonatitic melt: a case study from the Sung Valley ultramafic-alkaline-carbonatite complex, Meghalaya, NE India.Geological Magazine, Vol. 158, 3, pp. 475-486.Indiadeposit - Sung Valley

Abstract: Carbonatite melts derived from the mantle are enriched in CO2- and H2O-bearing fluids. This melt can metasomatize the peridotitic lithosphere and liberate a considerable amount of CO2. Experimental studies have also shown that a CO2-H2O-rich fluid can form Fe- and Mg-rich carbonate by reacting with olivine. The Sung Valley carbonatite of NE India is related to the Kerguelen plume and is characterized by rare occurrences of olivine. Our study shows that this olivine is resorbed forsterite of xenocrystic nature. This olivine bears inclusions of Fe-rich magnesite. Accessory apatite in the host carbonatite contains CO2-H2O fluid inclusions. Carbon and oxygen isotopic analyses indicate that the carbonatites are primary igneous carbonatites and are devoid of any alteration or fractionation. We envisage that the forsterite is a part of the lithospheric mantle that was reprecipitated in a carbonatite reservoir through dissolution-precipitation. Carbonation of this forsterite, during interaction between the lithospheric mantle and carbonatite melt, formed Fe-rich magnesite. CO2-H2O-rich fluid derived from the carbonatite magma and detected within accessory apatite caused this carbonation. Our study suggests that a significant amount of CO2 degassed from the mantle by carbonatitic magma can become entrapped in the lithosphere by forming Fe- and Mg-rich carbonates.
DS202106-0943
2021
Kumar, S.Illa, B., Reshma, K.S., Kumar, P., Srinagesh, D., Haldar, C., Kumar, S., Mandal, P.Pn tomography and anisotropic study of the Indian Shield and the adjacent regions.Tectonophysics, Vo. 813, 228932 23p. PdfIndiatomography

Abstract: High-resolution P-wave velocity and anisotropy structure of the hitherto elusive uppermost mantle beneath the Indian shield and its surrounding regions are presented to unravel the tectonic imprints in the lithosphere. We inverted high quality 19,500 regional Pn phases from 172 seismological stations for 4780 earthquakes at a distance range of 2° to 15° with a mean apparent Pn velocity of 8.22 km/s. The results suggest that the Pn velocity anomalies with fast anisotropic directions are consistent with the collision environments in the Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Tarim Basin, and Burmese arc regions. The higher Pn anomalies along the Himalayan arc explicate the subducting cold Indian lithosphere. The cratonic upper mantle of the Indian shield is characterized by Pn velocity of 8.12-8.42 km/s, while the large part of the central Indian shield has higher mantle-lid velocity of ~8.42 km/s with dominant anisotropic value of 0.2-0.3 km/s (~7.5%) suggesting the presence of mafic ‘lava pillow’ related to the Deccan volcanism. The impressions of the rifts and the mobile belts are conspicuous in the velocity anomaly image indicating their deep seated origin. The Pn anisotropy in the Indian shield exhibits a complex pattern and deviates from the absolute plate motion directions derived from the SKS study, demonstrating the presence of frozen anisotropy in the Indian lithospheric uppermost mantle, due to the large scale tectonic deformation after its breakup from the Gondwanaland. Whereas, Pn and SKS anisotropic observations are well consistent in Tarim basin, Tibetan regions, eastern Himalayan syntaxis and the Burmese arc. The modeled anisotropic Pn clearly manifests a lower velocity anomaly bounded by 85°E and 90°E ridges in the southern Bay of Bengal. Further, 85°E ridge spatially separates the BoB lithosphere into faster and slower regions consistent with the body wave tomography and free-air gravity observation.
DS202106-0947
2021
Kumar, S.Kumar, S., Kumar, D., Sengupta, K., Giri, T.K.Impact of community based business model and competitive advantage on exports: evidence from diamond industry.Competitive Review, Vol. 31, 2, pp. 276-296. pdfGlobalmarkets

Abstract: his study aims to examine the altering paradigms for two specific characteristics of the international diamond industry: community-based business model and competitive advantage and their impact and interaction effect.
DS201312-0522
2012
Kumar, S.A.Kumar, S.A., Pandey, S.P., Kumar, S.D.Determination of rare earth elements in Indian kimberlite using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer ( ICP-MS).Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 294, 3, pp. 419-424.IndiaMineral chemistry - REE
DS2003-0760
2003
Kumar, S.B.H.Kumar, S.B.H., Jayananda, M., Kano, T., Swamy, N.S., Mahabaleswar, B.Late Archean juvenile magmatic accretion process in the eastern Dharwar Craton:Geological Society of India Memoir, No. 50, pp. 375-408.IndiaMagmatism
DS200412-1069
2003
Kumar, S.B.H.Kumar, S.B.H., Jayananda, M., Kano, T., Swamy, N.S., Mahabaleswar, B.Late Archean juvenile magmatic accretion process in the eastern Dharwar Craton: Kuppam Karimangalam area.Geological Society of India Memoir, No. 50, pp. 375-408.IndiaMagmatism
DS201312-0522
2012
Kumar, S.D.Kumar, S.A., Pandey, S.P., Kumar, S.D.Determination of rare earth elements in Indian kimberlite using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer ( ICP-MS).Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 294, 3, pp. 419-424.IndiaMineral chemistry - REE
DS202006-0947
2020
Kumar, S.K.Presser, J.L.B., Kumar, S.K. The Bunder lamproites cluster ( India): tectonics, lithospheric mantle and environment - a review.Pyroclastic Flow, Vol. 10, 1, pp. 1-9. pdfIndia, Madhya Pradeshlamproite

Abstract: Bunder diamond-bearing lamproite cluster, located in Madhya Pradesh, India, was discovered in 2004. The Precambrian lamproites are intruding Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic intracratonic sedimentary rocks covering the Archean Bundelkhand craton. The study of Bundelkhand craton through global dVs% TX2011 model (1D and 2D) led us to recognize that it is underlain by Archean lithospheric mantle as is observed in other locations, in mines with medium to very high diamond-grade (greater than 100 cpht). The Bunder Archean lithospheric mantle has 35 mW/m2 surface heat flow, typical of Archons with pipes with a very high degree of diamonds such as the Argyle lamproite and the kimberlites Internationalnaya, Mir, Ekati, among others. In the Bunder lamproite cluster, the Rio Tinto Exploration estimates for the pipes diamond-grade are below 100 cpht. To understand why Bunder lamproite pipes are low grade in diamonds, we combined comparative gravimetric studies to study the structural architecture model of the crystalline basement. In fact, very-rich diamond pipes develop in different crystalline basement architecture when compared to the pipes discovered in the Bunder cluster; for example the pipe Atri. The pipes next to the Argyle lamproite, the kimberlites pipes International, Mir, Diavik and others were located in the most depressed center of graben/micro graben structures; while the pipe Atri would have positioned on the edges of a graben. It is expected that additional exploration focused on the structural configuration of Bundelkhand craton basement may help to discover new lamproite pipes with a much greater diamond degree than the Bunder cluster.
DS201805-0975
2018
Kumar, S.P.Shaikh, A.M., Kumar, S.P., Patel, S.C.,Thakur, S.S., Ravi, S., Behera, D.The P3 kimberlite and P4 lamproite, Wajrakur kimberlite field, India: mineralogy, and major and minor element compositions of olivines as records of their phenocrystic vs xenocrystic origin.Mineralogy and Petrology, 16p pdfIndiadeposit - Wajrakarur
DS201809-2052
2017
Kumar, S.P.Kumar, S.P., Patel, S.C., Ravi, S., Pruseth, K.L.Mineralogy of the Banganapalle lamproite, India, and spinel zonation as a record of chemical evolution during crystallization.Geophysical Research Abstracts EGU , Vol. 19, EGU2017-12945-2 1p. AbstractIndialamproites

Abstract: The Mesoproterozoic Banganapalle Lamproite Field of southern India comprises four lamproite dykes which have intruded the Tadpatri Shale of the Cuddapah platformal sedimentary sequence. Mineralogical study of the dyke no. 551/110/4 shows that the rock has an inequigranular texture with megacrysts and macrocrysts of possibly olivine which are completely pseudomorphed by calcite and quartz due to pervasive hydrothermal and/or duteric alteration. Phenocrysts and microphenocrysts of phlogopite are highly chloritised with occasional preservation of relicts. The groundmass is dominated by calcite with subordinate amounts of phlogopite (completely chloritised), diopside, apatite, rutile and spinel. Other minor phases in the groundmass include titanite, allanite, monazite, zircon, barite, carboceranite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, heazlewoodite, and pentlandite. Spinel occurs in three textural types: (i) xenocrysts showing homogeneous composition; (ii) phenocrysts and microphenocrysts with continuous compositional zoning from the core to the rim; and (iii) groundmass crystals with distinct growth zones marked by discontinuous compositional zoning from the core to the rim. Four growth zones (zones I-IV) of spinel are recognized. Phenocrysts and microphenocrysts are designated as zone I spinels which have 55.0-65.7 wt% Cr2O3, 2.7-7.2 wt% Al2O3, <0.4 wt% TiO2, and record a decrease in Al/(Al+Cr) from the core to the rim. Zone II spinels either occur as overgrowth rims on xenocrystal and zone I spinels or form cores to zone III rims in discrete grains, and have higher TiO2 (1.2-3.6 wt%), lower Al2O3 (1.2-2.9 wt%) and similar Cr2O3 (55.0-63.8 wt%) contents compared to zone I spinels. Zone III spinels either occur as overgrowth rims on xenocrystal and zone II spinels or form cores to zone IV rims in discrete grains, and contain higher Al2O3 (5.7-10.2 wt%), lower Cr2O3 (45.9-56.0 wt%) and similar TiO2 (1.6-3.4 wt%) compared to zone II spinels. Overgrowth rims of zone II and zone III spinels locally exhibit oscillatory zoning with characteristics of diffusion controlled magmatic growth. Zone IV spinels are marked by low Cr2O3 (17.4-25.5 wt%) and Al2O3 (1.6-2.0 wt%), and high Fe2O3 (28.8-35.4 wt%) and TiO2 (4.0-7.1 wt%) contents. Xenocrystal spinels are distinguished from magmatic spinels by high Al2O3 content (11.3-22.4 wt%) and uniform composition of individual grains. The wide range of composition and the zonation pattern of magmatic spinels suggest that the mineral was on the liquidus through most part of the lamproite crystallisation. The abrupt changes in composition between the zones indicate hiatus in crystallisation and/or sudden changes in the environmental conditions, resulting from crystallisation of associated minerals and periodic emplacement of certain elements into the magma. Diopside occurs in groundmass segregations and has low contents of Na2O (<0.77 wt%), Al2O3 (<1.2 wt%), Cr2O3 (<0.25 wt%) and TiO2 (<1.7 wt%), although higher values of TiO2 (up to 3.0 wt%) are locally encountered. Phenocrystal phlogopite has Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) ratios in the range of 0.76-0.83, and a Cr-rich composition (3.2-3.6 wt% Cr2O3) that indicates its crystallisation at mantle pressures. Co-precipitation of this phlogopite with phencocrystal spinel can explain the observed Al-Cr zoning in the latter.
DS201901-0075
2018
Kumar, S.P.Shaikh, A.M., Patel, S.C., Bussweiler, Y., Kumar, S.P., Tappe, S., Ravi, S., Mainkar, D.Olivine trace element compositions in diamondiferous lamproites from India: proxies for magma origins and the nature of the lithospheric mantle beneath the Bastar and Dharwar cratons.Lithos, doi.org.10.1016/j.lithos.2018.11.026Indiadeposit - Wajrakarur, Mainpur

Abstract: The ~1100?Ma CC2 and P13 lamproite dykes in the Wajrakarur Kimberlite Field (WKF), Eastern Dharwar Craton, and ~65?Ma Kodomali and Behradih lamproite diatremes in the Mainpur Kimberlite Field (MKF), Bastar Craton share a similar mineralogy, although the proportions of individual mineral phases vary significantly. The lamproites contain phenocrysts, macrocrysts and microcrysts of olivine set in a groundmass dominated by diopside and phlogopite with a subordinate amount of spinel, perovskite, apatite and serpentine along with rare barite. K-richterite occurs as inclusion in olivine phenocrysts in Kodomali, while it is a late groundmass phase in Behradih and CC2. Mineralogically, the studied intrusions are classified as olivine lamproites. Based on microtextures and compositions, three distinct populations of olivine are recognised. The first population comprises Mg-rich olivine macrocrysts (Fo89-93), which are interpreted to be xenocrysts derived from disaggregated mantle peridotites. The second population includes Fe-rich olivine macrocrysts (Fo82-89), which are suggested to be the product of metasomatism of mantle wall-rock by precursor lamproite melts. The third population comprises phenocrysts and overgrowth rims (Fo83-92), which are clearly of magmatic origin. The Mn and Al systematics of Mg-rich olivine xenocrysts indicate an origin from diverse mantle lithologies including garnet peridotite, garnet-spinel peridotite and spinel peridotite beneath the WKF, and mostly from garnet peridotite beneath the MKF. Modelling of temperatures calculated using the Al-in-olivine thermometer for olivine xenocrysts indicates a hotter palaeogeotherm of the SCLM beneath the WKF (between 41 and 43?mW/m2) at ~1100?Ma than beneath the MKF (between 38 and 41?mW/m2) at ~65?Ma. Further, a higher degree of metasomatism of the SCLM by precursor lamproite melts has occurred beneath the WKF compared to the MKF based on the extent of CaTi enrichment in Fe-rich olivine macrocrysts. For different lamproite intrusions within a given volcanic field, lower Fo olivine overgrowth rims are correlated with higher phlogopite plus oxide mineral abundances. A comparison of olivine overgrowth rims from the two fields shows that WKF olivines with lower Fo content than MKF olivines are associated with increased XMg in spinel and phlogopite and vice versa. Melt modelling indicates relatively Fe-rich parental melt for WKF intrusions compared to MKF intrusions. The Ni/Mg and Mn/Fe systematics of magmatic olivines indicate derivation of the lamproite melts from mantle source rocks with a higher proportion of phlogopite and/or lower proportion of orthopyroxene for the WKF on the Eastern Dharwar Craton compared to those for the MKF on the Bastar Craton. This study highlights how olivine cores provide important insights into the composition and thermal state of cratonic mantle lithosphere as sampled by lamproites, including clues to elusive precursor metasomatic events. Variable compositions of olivine rims testify to the complex interplay of parental magma composition and localised crystallisation conditions including oxygen fugacity variations, co-crystallisation of groundmass minerals, and assimilation of entrained material.
DS202010-1853
2020
Kumar, S.P.Kumar, S.P., Shaikh, A.M., Patel, S.C., Sheikh, J.M., Behera, D., Pruseth, K.L., Ravi, S.,Tappe, S.Multi-stage magmatic evidence of olivine-leucite lamproite dykes from Banganapalle, Dharwar craton, India: evidence from compositional zoning of spinel.Mineralogy and Petrology, doi.org/10.1007/s00710-020-00722-y 26p. PdfIndialamproite

Abstract: Mesoproterozoic lamproite dykes occurring in the Banganapalle Lamproite Field of southern India show extensive hydrothermal alteration, but preserve fresh spinel, apatite and rutile in the groundmass. Spinels belong to three genetic populations. Spinels of the first population, which form crystal cores with overgrowth rims of later spinels, are Al-rich chromites derived from disaggregated mantle peridotite. Spinels of the second population include spongy-textured grains and alteration rims of titanian magnesian aluminous chromites that formed by metasomatic interactions between mantle wall-rocks and precursor lamproite melts before their entrainment into the erupting lamproite magma. Spinels that crystallised directly from the lamproite magma constitute the third population and show five distinct compositional subtypes (spinel-IIIa to IIIe), which represent discrete stages of crystal growth. First stage magmatic spinel (spinel-IIIa) includes continuously zoned macrocrysts of magnesian aluminous chromite, which formed together with Al-Cr-rich phlogopite macrocrysts from an earlier pulse of lamproite magma at mantle depth. Crystallisation of spinel during the other four identified stages occurred during magma emplacement at crustal levels. Titanian magnesian chromites (spinel-IIIb) form either discrete crystals or overgrowth rims on spinel-IIIa cores. Further generations of overgrowth rims comprise titanian magnesian aluminous chromite (spinel-IIIc), magnetite with ulvöspinel component (spinel-IIId) and lastly pure magnetite (spinel-IIIe). Abrupt changes of the compositions between successive zones of magmatic spinel indicate either a hiatus in the crystallisation history or co-crystallisation of other groundmass phases, or possibly magma mixing. This study highlights how different textural and compositional populations of spinel provide important insights into the complex evolution of lamproite magmas including clues to elusive precursor metasomatic events that affect cratonic mantle lithosphere.
DS202103-0390
2021
Kumar, S.P.Kumar, S.P., Shaikh, A.M., Patel, S.C., Sheikh, J.M., Behera, D., Pruseth, K.L., Ravi, S., Tappe, S.Multi-stage magmatic history of olivine-leucite lamproite dykes from Banganapalle, Dharwar craton, India: evidence from compositional zoning of spinel.Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 115, pp. 87-112. pdfIndialamproite

Abstract: Mesoproterozoic lamproite dykes occurring in the Banganapalle Lamproite Field of southern India show extensive hydrothermal alteration, but preserve fresh spinel, apatite and rutile in the groundmass. Spinels belong to three genetic populations. Spinels of the first population, which form crystal cores with overgrowth rims of later spinels, are Al-rich chromites derived from disaggregated mantle peridotite. Spinels of the second population include spongy-textured grains and alteration rims of titanian magnesian aluminous chromites that formed by metasomatic interactions between mantle wall-rocks and precursor lamproite melts before their entrainment into the erupting lamproite magma. Spinels that crystallised directly from the lamproite magma constitute the third population and show five distinct compositional subtypes (spinel-IIIa to IIIe), which represent discrete stages of crystal growth. First stage magmatic spinel (spinel-IIIa) includes continuously zoned macrocrysts of magnesian aluminous chromite, which formed together with Al-Cr-rich phlogopite macrocrysts from an earlier pulse of lamproite magma at mantle depth. Crystallisation of spinel during the other four identified stages occurred during magma emplacement at crustal levels. Titanian magnesian chromites (spinel-IIIb) form either discrete crystals or overgrowth rims on spinel-IIIa cores. Further generations of overgrowth rims comprise titanian magnesian aluminous chromite (spinel-IIIc), magnetite with ulvöspinel component (spinel-IIId) and lastly pure magnetite (spinel-IIIe). Abrupt changes of the compositions between successive zones of magmatic spinel indicate either a hiatus in the crystallisation history or co-crystallisation of other groundmass phases, or possibly magma mixing. This study highlights how different textural and compositional populations of spinel provide important insights into the complex evolution of lamproite magmas including clues to elusive precursor metasomatic events that affect cratonic mantle lithosphere.
DS201812-2878
2018
Kumar, S.P.K.Shaikh, A.M., Patel, S.C., Bussweiler, Y., Kumar, S.P.K., Tappe, S., Mainkar, D. Ravi, S.Olivine trace element compositions in diamondiferous lamproites from India: proxies for magma origins and the nature of the lithosphere mantle beneath the Bastar and Dharwar cratons. CC2 and P13 Wajrakarur, Kodomali, Behradih Mainpur Lithos, doi:10.1016/j. lithos.2018.11.026 35p.Indiadeposit - Wajrakarur, Mainpur

Abstract: The ~1100 Ma CC2 and P13 lamproite dykes in the Wajrakarur Kimberlite Field (WKF), Eastern Dharwar Craton, and ~65 Ma Kodomali and Behradih lamproite diatremes in the Mainpur Kimberlite Field (MKF), Bastar Craton share a similar mineralogy, although the proportions of individual mineral phases vary significantly. The lamproites contain phenocrysts, macrocrysts and microcrysts of olivine set in a groundmass dominated by diopside and phlogopite with a subordinate amount of spinel, perovskite, apatite and serpentine along with rare barite. K-richterite occurs as inclusion in olivine phenocrysts in Kodomali, while it is a late groundmass phase in Behradih and CC2. Mineralogically, the studied intrusions are classified as olivine lamproites. Based on microtextures and compositions, three distinct populations of olivine are recognised. The first population comprises Mg-rich olivine macrocrysts (Fo89-93), which are interpreted to be xenocrysts derived from disaggregated mantle peridotites. The second population includes Fe-rich olivine macrocrysts (Fo82-89), which are suggested to be the product of metasomatism of mantle wall-rock by precursor lamproite melts. The third population comprises phenocrysts and overgrowth rims (Fo83-92), which are clearly of magmatic origin. The Mn and Al systematics of Mg-rich olivine xenocrysts indicate an origin from diverse mantle lithologies including garnet peridotite, garnet-spinel peridotite and spinel peridotite beneath the WKF, and mostly from garnet peridotite beneath the MKF. Modelling of temperatures calculated using the Al-in-olivine thermometer for olivine xenocrysts indicates a hotter palaeogeotherm of the SCLM beneath the WKF (between 41 and 43 mW/m2) at ~1100 Ma than beneath the MKF (between 38 and 41 mW/m2) at ~65 Ma. Further, a higher degree of metasomatism of the SCLM by precursor lamproite melts has occurred beneath the WKF compared to the MKF based on the extent of CaTi enrichment in Fe-rich olivine macrocrysts. For different lamproite intrusions within a given volcanic field, lower Fo olivine overgrowth rims are correlated with higher phlogopite plus oxide mineral abundances. A comparison of olivine overgrowth rims from the two fields shows that WKF olivines with lower Fo content than MKF olivines are associated with increased XMg in spinel and phlogopite and vice versa. Melt modelling indicates relatively Fe-rich parental melt for WKF intrusions compared to MKF intrusions. The Ni/Mg and Mn/Fe systematics of magmatic olivines indicate derivation of the lamproite melts from mantle source rocks with a higher proportion of phlogopite and/or lower proportion of orthopyroxene for the WKF on the Eastern Dharwar Craton compared to those for the MKF on the Bastar Craton. This study highlights how olivine cores provide important insights into the composition and thermal state of cratonic mantle lithosphere as sampled by lamproites, including clues to elusive precursor metasomatic events. Variable compositions of olivine rims testify to the complex interplay of parental magma composition and localised crystallisation conditions including oxygen fugacity variations, co-crystallisation of groundmass minerals, and assimilation of entrained material.
DS202005-0722
2020
Kumar, T.V.Bhaskar Rao, Y.J., Kumar, T.V., Screeenivas, B., Babu, E.V.S.S.K.A review of Paleo- to Neoarchean crust evolution in the Dharwar craton, southern India and the transition towards a plate tectonic regime.Episodes ( IUGS), Vol. 43, 1, pp. 51-68.Indiacraton

Abstract: An emerging view is that Earth’s geodynamic regime witnessed a fundamental transition towards plate tectonics around 3.0 Ga (billion years). However, the manifestations of this change may have been diachronous and craton-specific. Here, we review geological, geophysical and geochronological data (mainly zircon U-Pb age-Hf isotope compositions) from the Dharwar craton representing over a billion year-long geologic history between ~3.5 and 2.5 Ga. The Archean crust comprises an oblique section of ~12 km from middle to deep crust across low- to mediumgrade granitegreenstone terranes, the Western and Eastern Dharwar Cratons (WDC and EDC), and the highgrade Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT). A segment of the WDC preserving Paleo- to Mesoarchean gneisses and greenstones is characterised by ‘dome and keel’ structural pattern related to vertical (sagduction) tectonics. The geology of the regions with dominantly Neoarchean ages bears evidence for convergent (plate) tectonics. The zircon U-Pb age-Hf isotope data constrain two major episodes of juvenile crust accretion involving depleted mantle sources at 3.45 to 3.17 Ga and 2.7 to 2.5 Ga with crustal recycling dominating the intervening period. The Dharwar craton records clear evidence for the operation of modern style plate tectonics since ~2.7 Ga.
DS202009-1611
2020
Kumar, T.V.Bhaskar Rao, Y.J., Kumar, T.V., Sreenivas, B., Babu, E.V.S.S.K.A review of Paleo to Neoarchean crustal evolution in the Dharwar craton, southern Indian and the transition towards a plate tectonic regime.Episodes, Vol. 43, 1, pp. 51-68.Indiacraton

Abstract: An emerging view is that Earth’s geodynamic regime witnessed a fundamental transition towards plate tectonics around 3.0 Ga (billion years). However, the manifestations of this change may have been diachronous and craton-specific. Here, we review geological, geophysical and geochronological data (mainly zircon U-Pb age-Hf isotope compositions) from the Dharwar craton representing over a billion year-long geologic history between ~3.5 and 2.5 Ga. The Archean crust comprises an oblique section of ~12 km from middle to deep crust across low- to mediumgrade granitegreenstone terranes, the Western and Eastern Dharwar Cratons (WDC and EDC), and the highgrade Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT). A segment of the WDC preserving Paleo- to Mesoarchean gneisses and greenstones is characterised by ‘dome and keel’ structural pattern related to vertical (sagduction) tectonics. The geology of the regions with dominantly Neoarchean ages bears evidence for convergent (plate) tectonics. The zircon U-Pb age-Hf isotope data constrain two major episodes of juvenile crust accretion involving depleted mantle sources at 3.45 to 3.17 Ga and 2.7 to 2.5 Ga with crustal recycling dominating the intervening period. The Dharwar craton records clear evidence for the operation of modern style plate tectonics since ~2.7 Ga.
DS1975-0788
1978
Kumar, V.Kumar, V.Diamonds in India- How Much Is Left?Lapidary Journal, Vol. 32, No. 2, MAY PP. 620-621.IndiaDiamonds Notable
DS201812-2829
2018
Kumar, V.Kazuchits, N.M., Rusetsky, M.S., Kazuchits, V.N., Korolovic, O.V., Kumar, V., Moe, K.S., Wang, W., Zaitsev, A.M. Comparison of HPHT and LPHT annealing of Ib synthetic diamond.Diamond & Related Materials, doi.1016/j.diamond.2018.11.018 30p. Russiasynthetics

Abstract: Defect transformations in type Ib synthetic diamond annealed at a temperature of 1870?°C under stabilizing pressure (HPHT annealing) and in hydrogen atmosphere at normal pressure (LPHT annealing) are compared. Spectroscopic data obtained on the samples before and after annealing prove that the processes of nitrogen aggregation and formation of nitrogen?nickel complexes are similar in both cases. Essential differences between HPHT and LPHT annealing are stronger graphitization at macroscopic imperfections and enhanced lattice distortions around point defects in the latter case. The lattice distortion around point defects is revealed as a considerable broadening of zero-phonon lines of “soft” (vacancy-related) optical centers. It was found that LPHT annealing may enhance overall intensity of luminescence of HPHT-grown synthetic diamonds.
DS200512-1062
2005
Kumar, V.A.Subrahmanyam, A.V., Kumar, V.A., Despati, T., Deshmukh, R.D., Viswanathan, G.Discovery of microdiamonds in beach placers of the east coast, Andhra Pradesh, India.Current Science, Vol. 88, 8, April 25, pp. 1227-1228.India, Andhra PradeshAlluvials, placers, microdiamonds
DS200912-0292
2009
Kumar, V.P.Heintz, M., Kumar, V.P., Gaur, V.K., Priestly, K., Rai, S.S., Prakasam, K.S.Anisotropy of the Indian continental lithospheric mantle.Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 179, 3, pp. 1341-1360.IndiaGeodynamics
DS200512-0731
2005
Kumar, V.V.Mishra, D.C., Kumar, V.V.Evidence for Proterozoic collision from airborne magnetic and gravity studies in s Granulite terrain, signatures of recent tectonic activity in Palghat Gap.Gondwana Research, Vol. 8, 1, pp. 43-54.IndiaGeophysics - tectonics
DS200612-0922
2006
Kumar, V.V.Mishra, D.C., Kumar, V.V., Rajasekar, R.P.Analysis of airborne magnetic and gravity anomalies of peninsular shield, India integrated with seismic, magnetotelluric and gravity anomalies.Gondwana Research, Vol. 10, Aug.1-2, pp. 6-17.India, Africa, MadagascarGeophysics - magnetics, gravity
DS201909-2055
2019
Kumar Pal, S.Kumar Pal, S., Kumar, S.Subsurface structural mapping using EIGEN6C4 data over Bundelkhand craton and surroundings: an appraisal on kimberlite/lamproite emplacement.Journal of the Geological Society of India, Vol. 94, 2, pp. 188-196.Indiadiamond genesis

Abstract: The Bundelkhand craton is surrounded by different mobile belts. The central Indian tectonic zone (CITZ) in the southern part is one of the prominent tectonic zones. CITZ is an important structural controlling factor for the Majhgawan and Hinota Kimberlite pipes. Several dyke swarms and quartz vein fractures are resulted due to volcanic and tectonic activity in the present study area. The objective of the present study is to delineate the subsurface lineaments using different edge enhancement techniques for mineral exploration in the future. Initially, First vertical derivative (FVD), total horizontal derivative (THD), tilt derivative (TDR) and theta (THETA) map have been applied to EIGEN6C4 Bouguer anomaly data. Composite lineament density map has been generated using all enhanced maps to analyze the effect of length of lineaments in the unit area. Upward continuation maps for different height have been generated to distinguish the shallower and deeper body effects. Further, Euler 3D deconvolution technique has been applied to Bouguer anomaly data to calculate the possible depth of associated lineaments. A comparative analysis of upward continuation depth and Euler’s depth has been carried out zone wise.
DS201312-0474
2013
Kumar Rao, V.Kilaru, S., Karunakar Goud, B., Kumar Rao, V.Crustal structure of the western Indian shield: model based on regional gravity and magnetic data.Geoscience Frontiers, Vol. 4, 6, pp. 717-728.IndiaGeophysics
DS200812-0197
2008
Kumar Sen, A.Chakrabarty, A., Kumar Sen, A., Ghosh, T.K.Amphibole - a key indicator mineral for petrogenesis of the Purulia carbonatite, West Bengal, India.Mineralogy and Petrology, In press available 8p.IndiaCarbonatite
DS201112-0162
2010
Kumar Sen, A.Chakrabarty, A., Kumar Sen, A.Enigmatic association of the carbonatite and alkali pyroxenite along the Northern Shear Zone, Purulia, West Bengal: a saga of primary magmatic carbonatite.Journal of Geological Society of India, Vol. 76, 5, pp.399-402.IndiaCarbonatite
DS201711-2500
2017
Kumar Vind, A.Asthana, D., Kumar, S., Kumar Vind, A., Zehra, F., Kumar, H., Pophare, A.M.Geochemical fingerprinting of ~ 2.5 Ga forearc-arc-backarc related magmatic suites in the Bastar Craton, central India.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, in press available, 17p.Indiageodynamics

Abstract: The Pitepani volcanic suite of the Dongargarh Supergroup, central India comprises of a calc-alkaline suite and a tholeiitic suite, respectively. The rare earth element (REE) patterns, mantle normalized plots and relict clinopyroxene chemistry of the Pitepani calc-alkaline suite are akin to high-Mg andesites (HMA) and reveal remarkable similarity to the Cenozoic Setouchi HMA from Japan. The Pitepani HMAs are geochemically correlated with similar rocks in the Kotri-Dongargarh mobile belt (KDMB) and in the mafic dykes of the Bastar Craton. The rationale behind lithogeochemical correlations are that sanukitic HMAs represent fore-arc volcanism over a very limited period of time, under abnormally high temperature conditions and are excellent regional and tectonic time markers. Furthermore, the tholeiitic suites that are temporally and spatially associated with the HMAs in the KDMB and in the mafic dykes of the Bastar Craton are classified into: (a) a continental back-arc suite that are depleted in incompatible elements, and (b) a continental arc suite that are more depleted in incompatible elements, respectively. The HMA suite, the continental back-arc and continental arc suites are lithogeochemically correlated in the KDMB and in the mafic dykes of the Bastar Craton. The three geochemically distinct Neoarchaean magmatic suites are temporally and spatially related to each other and to an active continental margin. The identification of three active continental margin magmatic suites for the first time, provides a robust conceptual framework to unravel the Neoarchaean geodynamic evolution of the Bastar Craton. We propose an active continental margin along the Neoarchaen KDMB with eastward subduction coupled with slab roll back or preferably, ridge-subduction along the Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) to account for the three distinct magmatic suites and the Neoarchean geodynamic evolution of the Bastar Craton.
DS1960-0744
1966
Kumarapeli, P.S.Saull, V.A., Kumarapeli, P.S.The St. Lawrence Valley System, a North American Equivalent of the East African Rift Valley SystemCanadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 5, PP. 639-658.GlobalMid-continent
DS1970-0117
1970
Kumarapeli, P.S.Kumarapeli, P.S.Montregian Alkalic Magmatism and the St. Lawrence Rift System in Space and Time.Canadian Mineralogist., Vol. 10, PT. 3, PP. 421-431.Canada, QuebecTectonics
DS1993-0863
1993
Kumarapeli, P.S.Kumarapeli, P.S.A plume generated segment of the rifted margin of Laurentia, Southern Canadian Appalachians Wilson Cycle.Tectonophysics, Vol. 219, pp. 47-55.OntarioTectonics - rifting, Wilson Cycle, mantle plumes
DS1995-1039
1995
Kumarapeli, P.S.Kumarapeli, P.S., Kamo, S.An alkalic carbonatitic province in Sri LankaGeological Association of Canada (GAC)/Mineralogical Association of Canada (MAC) Annual Meeting Abstracts, Vol. 20, p. A55 AbstractSri LankaCarbonatite
DS1995-1040
1995
Kumarapeli, P.S.Kumarapeli, P.S., Kamo, S.I.An alkalic carbonatic province in Sri LankaGeological Association of Canada (GAC) Annual Meeting Abstracts, Vol.Sri LankaAlkaline rocks
DS1988-0385
1988
Kumarapeli, S.Kumarapeli, S., St. Seymour, K., Pintson, H., Hasselgren, E.volcanism on the passive margin of Laurentia: an early Palezoic analogue of Cretaceous volcanism on the northeastern American marginCanadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 25, No. 11, November pp. 1824-1833Quebec, Labrador, UngavaAllochthons, volcanism.
DS1995-1815
1995
Kumarapili, P.S.St. Seymour, K., Kumarapili, P.S.Geochemistry of the Grenville dyke swarm: role of plume source mantle in magma genesis.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 120, No. 1, pp. 29-41.OntarioGeochemistry dykes, Grenville dyke swarm
DS201801-0062
2017
Kumari, G.Shitole, A., Sant, D.A., Parvez, I.A., Rangarajan, G., Patel, S., Viladkar, S.G., Murty, A.S.N., Kumari, G.Shallow seismic studies along Amba Dongar to Sinhada ( longitude 74 3 50E) transect, western India.Carbonatite-alkaline rocks and associated mineral deposits , Dec. 8-11, abstract p. 16.Indiadeposit - Amba Dongar

Abstract: The microtremor method is applied to map subsurface rheological boundaries (stratigraphic, faults and plutons) is based on strong acoustic impedance across contrasting density of rock/ sediment/ weathered interfaces up to shallow depths along longitude 74° 3'50" E from village Amba Dongar (latitude: 21° 59'N) up to Sinhada village (latitude: 22° 14' N). The 30 km long transect exposes variety of rocks viz., unclassified granite gneisses and metasediments (Precambrian age); sediments belonging to Bagh Group (Late Cretaceous); alkaline - carbonatite plutons and lava flows belonging to Deccan Traps (Late Cretaceous). In all, sixty stations were surveyed along the longitude 74° 3'50" E with spacing of 500 m. H/V spectral ratio technique reveals four rheological interfaces identified by resonant frequencies (fr) ranges 0.2213 to 0.7456 Hz (L1), 1.0102 to 3.076 Hz (L2), 4.8508 to 21.0502 Hz (L3), and 24.5018 to 27.1119 Hz (L4). L1 represents interface between plutons, Precambrian basement rocks; L2 represents interface between Bagh sediments, Deccan Traps and intrusives whereas L3 and L4 captures depth of top most weathered profile. We estimate the depth range for L1 L2 L3 and L4 using equation (h = 110.18fr?1.97) derived based on Deep Banni Core (1764 m deep from surface: DGH record). Deep Banni Core has a distinct interface between Mesozoic rocks and Precambrian basement. The depths are further compared with terrain-based equation. Further, the overall results from the present study are compared with seismic refraction studies along Phangia-Kadipani (NGRI Technical Report, 2003). The subsurface profile across longitude 74° 3'50" E educe faults that bound Bagh Group of rocks with Deccan Trap and Precambrian. We identify two plutons underneath three zones of intrusive viz., Amba Dongar Carbonatite Complex (Station 1 to 8), Tiloda Alkaline (station 33 to 44) and Rumadia Alkaline (station 46 to 51). The present study demarcates the presence of depression over Amba Dongar hill (station 1 to 3), filled by post carbonatite basalt earlier reported by Viladkar et al., (1996 and 2005) suggesting caldera morphology. Similarly, studies identify intrusive-pluton interfaces one, below the Amba Dongar hill, and second between village Tiloda and Rumadia at depth of ~500 m from the surface. Microtremor survey further depicts both basement morphology and thickness of Bagh Group and Deccan Traps.
DS201612-2313
2016
Kumari, S.Kumari, S., Paul, D., Stracke, A.Open system models of isotopic evolution in Earth's silicate reservoirs: implications for crustal growth and mantle heterogeneity.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 195, pp. 142-157.MantleMelting
DS201701-0019
2016
Kumari, S.Kumari, S., Paul, D., Stracke, A.Open system models of isotopic implications for crustal growth and mantle heterogeneity.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 195, pp. 142-157.MantleConvection
DS202001-0025
2019
Kumari, S.Kumari, S., Debajyoti, P., Stracke, A.Constraints on Archean crust formation from open system models of Earth evolution.Chemical Geology, doi.org/10.1016/ j.chemgeo.2019. 119307Mantlecraton

Abstract: Establishing the mode and rate of formation of the continental crust is crucial for quantifying mass exchange between Earth’s crust and mantle. The limited crustal rock record, particularly of early Archean rocks, has led to a variety of different models of continental growth. Here, we present an open-system model of silicate Earth evolution incorporating the Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf isotope systematics with the aim to constrain crustal growth during the Archean and its effect on the chemical and isotopic evolution of Earth’s crust-mantle system. Our model comprises four reservoirs: the bulk continental crust (CC), depleted upper mantle (UM), lower mantle (LM), and an isolated reservoir (IR) where recycled crust is stored transiently before being mixed with the LM. The changing abundance of isotope species in each reservoir is quantified using a series of first order linear differential equations that are solved numerically using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method at 1 Myr time steps for 4.56 Gyr (the age of the Earth). The model results show that only continuous and exponential crustal growth reproduces the present-day abundances and isotope ratios in the terrestrial reservoirs. Our preferred crustal growth model suggests that the mass of the CC by the end of Hadean (4.0 Ga) and end of Archean (2.5 Ga) was ?30% and ?75% of the present-day mass of the CC, respectively. Models proposing formation of most (?90%) of the present-day CC during the initial 1 Gyr or nearly 50-60% during the last 1 Gyr are least favorable. Significant mass exchange between crust and mantle, that is, both the formation and recycling of crust, started in the Hadean with Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf isotope evolution typical for mafic rocks. Depletion of the UM (in incompatible elements) during the early Archean is mitigated by the input of recycled crust, so that the UM maintained a near-primitive Hf-Nd isotope composition. The LM also retained a near-primitive Hf-Nd isotope composition during the Archean, but for different reasons. In contrast to the UM, the crustal return flux into the LM is transiently stored (? 1 Gyr) in an isolated reservoir (IR), which limits the mass flux into and out of the LM. The IR in our model is distinct from other mantle reservoirs and possibly related to stable crustal blocks or, alternatively, to recycled crust in the mantle that remains temporarily isolated, perhaps at the core-mantle boundary (LLSVPs).
DS1970-0333
1971
Kumazawa, M.Kumazawa, M.Elastic Properties of Eclogite Xenoliths from Diatremes of The East Colorado Plateau and Their Implication to the Upper mantle Structure.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 76, No. 5, PP. 1231-1247.United States, Colorado PlateauBlank
DS1982-0287
1982
Kumazawa, M.Irifune, T., Ohtani, E., Kumazawa, M.Stability Field of Knorringite Mg3 Chromium 2 Si3 012 at High Pressure and its implication to the Occurrence of Chromium Rich Pyrope in the Upper Mantle.Physics of The Earth And Plan. Interiors, Vol. 27, PP. 263-272.GlobalMineral Chemistry, Pyrope, Garnet
DS1982-0288
1982
Kumazawa, M.Irifune, T., Ohtani, E., Kumazawa, M.Stability Field of Knorringite Mg3cr2si3o12 at High Pressure and its Implication to the Occurrence of Chromium Rich Pyrope In the Upper Mantle.Physics of The Earth And Planetary Interiors, Vol. 27, No. 4, PP. 263-272.RussiaGarnet, Kimberlite
DS1986-0424
1986
Kumazawa, M.Kato, T., Kumazawa, M.Melting experiment on natural lherzolite at 20 GPA formation of phase B coexisting with garnetGeophysical Research Letters, Vol. 13, No. 3, March pp. 181-184GlobalLherzolite, Experimental petrology
DS1994-0962
1994
Kumazawa, M.Kumazawa, M., Maruyama, S.Whole earth tectonicsJournal of the Geological Society of Japan, Vol. 100, No. 1, January pp. 81-102MantleTectonics, Plumes
DS1994-0963
1994
Kumazawa, M.Kumazawa, M., Maruyama, S.Whole earth tectonicsJournal of the Geological Society of Japan, Vol. 100, No. 1, January pp. 81-102.MantleTectonics, Plumes
DS1994-0964
1994
Kumazawa, M.Kumazawa, M., Yoshida, S., Ito, T., Yoshioka, H.Archean Proterozoic boundary interpreted as a catastrophic collapse of the stable density stratification in the core.Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, Vol. 100, No. 1, January pp. 50-59.MantleBoundary, Tidal cycles
DS1994-1119
1994
Kumazawa, M.Maruyama, S., Kumazawa, M., Kawakami, S.Towards a new paradigm on the earth's dynamicsJournal of the Geological Society of Japan, Vol. 100, No. 1, January pp. 1-3MantleGeodynamics
DS1994-1120
1994
Kumazawa, M.Maruyama, S., Kumazawa, M., Kawakami, S.Towards a new paradigm on the earth's dynamicsJournal of the Geological Society of Japan, Vol. 100, No. 1, January pp. 1-3.MantleGeodynamics
DS1975-0535
1977
Kume, S.Ito, H., Tokieda, K., Suma, K., Kume, S.Paleomagnetism of South African KimberlitesNagoya University Afr. Studies Prelim. Report, 2ND., PP. 194-198.South AfricaPaleomagnetism
DS1975-0768
1978
Kume, S.Ito, H., Tokieda, K., Suwa, K. , Kume, S.Remanent Magnetism of Precambrian and Cretaceous Kimberlites in South Africa.Geophys. Journal of Roy. Astron. Soc., Vol. 55, No. 1, PP. 123-130.South AfricaPaleomagnetics, Geophysics, Kimberlite
DS1980-0204
1980
Kume, S.Kuge, S., Koizumi, M., Miyamoto, Y., Takubo, H., Kume, S.Synthesis of Prismatic and Tabular Diamond CrystalsMineralogical Magazine., Vol. 43, PP. 579-581.GlobalResearch, Diamond Morphology, Synthetic
DS200412-1461
2004
Kume, S.Ohtaka, O., Shimono, M., Ohnisi, N., Fukui, H., Takebe, H., Arima, H., Yamanaka, T.,Kikegawa, T., Kume, S.HIP production of a diamond/ SiC composite and application to high pressure anvils.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 143-144, pp. 587-591.TechnologyUHP
DS201809-2003
2018
Kumosov, A.Buchen, J., Marquardt, H., Speziale, S., Kawazoe, T., Ballaran, T.B., Kumosov, A.High pressure single crystal elasticity of wadlsleyite and the seismic signature of water on the shallow transition zone.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 498, pp. 77-87.Mantlegeophysics - seismic

Abstract: Earth's transition zone at depths between 410 km and 660 km plays a key role in Earth's deep water cycle since large amounts of hydrogen can be stored in the nominally anhydrous minerals wadsleyite and ringwoodite, . Previous mineral physics experiments on iron-free wadsleyite proposed low seismic velocities as an indicative feature for hydration in the transition zone. Here we report simultaneous sound wave velocity and density measurements on iron-bearing wadsleyite single crystals with 0.24 wt-% . By comparison with earlier studies, we show that pressure suppresses the velocity reduction caused by higher degrees of hydration in iron-bearing wadsleyite, ultimately leading to a velocity cross-over for both P-waves and S-waves. Modeling based on our experimental results shows that wave speed variations within the transition zone as well as velocity jumps at the 410-km seismic discontinuity, both of which have been used in previous work to detect mantle hydration, are poor water sensors. Instead, the impedance contrast across the 410-km seismic discontinuity that is reduced in the presence of water can serve as a more robust indicator for hydrated parts of the transition zone.
DS202205-0689
2022
Kumosov, A.Immoor, J., Miyagi, L., Liemann, H-P., Speciale, S., Schulze, K., Buchen, J., Kumosov, A., Marquardt, H.Weak cubic CaSiO3 perovskite in the Earth's mantle.Nature, Vol. 603, pp. 276-279.Mantlesubduction

Abstract: Cubic CaSiO3 perovskite is a major phase in subducted oceanic crust, where it forms at a depth of about 550?kilometres from majoritic garnet1,2,28. However, its rheological properties at temperatures and pressures typical of the lower mantle are poorly known. Here we measured the plastic strength of cubic CaSiO3 perovskite at pressure and temperature conditions typical for a subducting slab up to a depth of about 1,200?kilometres. In contrast to tetragonal CaSiO3, previously investigated at room temperature3,4, we find that cubic CaSiO3 perovskite is a comparably weak phase at the temperatures of the lower mantle. We find that its strength and viscosity are substantially lower than that of bridgmanite and ferropericlase, possibly making cubic CaSiO3 perovskite the weakest lower-mantle phase. Our findings suggest that cubic CaSiO3 perovskite governs the dynamics of subducting slabs. Weak CaSiO3 perovskite further provides a mechanism to separate subducted oceanic crust from the underlying mantle. Depending on the depth of the separation, basaltic crust could accumulate at the boundary between the upper and lower mantle, where cubic CaSiO3 perovskite may contribute to the seismically observed regions of low shear-wave velocities in the uppermost lower mantle5,6, or sink to the core-mantle boundary and explain the seismic anomalies associated with large low-shear-velocity provinces beneath Africa and the Pacific.
DS1991-0133
1991
Kump, L.R.Bluth, G.J., Kump, L.R.Phanerozoic paleogeologyAmerican Journal of Science, Vol. 291, March pp. 284-308GlobalGeochemical cycles, Paleogeography
DS1999-0382
1999
Kump, L.R.Kump, L.R.The Earth systemPrentice Hall, 368p. approx. $ 62.00 United StatesGlobalGlobal change
DS2000-0544
2000
Kump, L.R.Kump, L.R.Plume activity and the rise of atmospheric oxygenGeological Society of America (GSA) Abstracts, Vol. 32, No. 7, p.A-315.MantleGlobal glaciation
DS201702-0196
2016
Kump, L.R.Blattler, C.L., Kump, L.R., Fischer, W.W., Paris, G., Kasbohm, J.J.Constraints on ocean carbonate chemistry and pco2 in the Archean and Paleoproterozoic.Nature Geoscience, Vol. 10, pp. 41-45.GlobalGeochemistry

Abstract: One of the great problems in the history of Earth’s climate is how to reconcile evidence for liquid water and habitable climates on early Earth with the Faint Young Sun predicted from stellar evolution models. Possible solutions include a wide range of atmospheric and oceanic chemistries, with large uncertainties in boundary conditions for the evolution and diversification of life and the role of the global carbon cycle in maintaining habitable climates. Increased atmospheric CO2 is a common component of many solutions, but its connection to the carbon chemistry of the ocean remains unknown. Here we present calcium isotope data spanning the period from 2.7 to 1.9 billion years ago from evaporitic sedimentary carbonates that can test this relationship. These data, from the Tumbiana Formation, the Campbellrand Platform and the Pethei Group, exhibit limited variability. Such limited variability occurs in marine environments with a high ratio of calcium to carbonate alkalinity. We are therefore able to rule out soda ocean conditions during this period of Earth history. We further interpret this and existing data to provide empirical constraints for carbonate chemistry of the ancient oceans and for the role of CO2 in compensating for the Faint Young Sun.
DS201711-2516
2017
Kump, L.R.Havig, J.R., Hamilton, T.L., Bachan, A., Kump, L.R.Sulfur and carbon isotopic evidence for metabolic pathway evolution and a four stepped Earth system progression across the Archean and Paleoproterozoic.Earth-Science Reviews, Vol. 174, pp. 1-21.Mantlegeochronology

Abstract: The Earth's mantle has provided a ready redox gradient of sulfur compounds (SO2, H2S) since the stabilization of the crust and formation of the ocean over 4 billion years ago, and life has evolved a multitude of metabolic pathways to take advantage of this gradient. These transitions are recorded in the sulfur and carbon isotope signals preserved in the rock record, in the genomic records of extant microorganisms, and in the changing mantle and crust structure, composition and cycling. Here, we have assembled approximately 20,000 sulfur (?34S, ?33S, ?36S) and carbon (?13C) isotope data points from scientific publications spanning over five decades of geochemical analyses on rocks deposited from 4.0 to 1.5 Ga. We place these data in the context of molecular clock and tectonic and surface redox indicators to identify overarching trends and integrate them into a holistic narrative on the transition of the Earth's surface towards more oxidizing conditions. The greatest extreme in ?34S values of sulfide minerals (? 45.5 to 54.9‰) and sulfate minerals (? 13.6 to 46.6‰) as well as ?13C values in carbonate minerals (? 16.8 to 29.6‰) occurred in the period following the Great Oxidation Event (GOE), while the greatest extremes in organic carbon ?13C values (? 60.9 to 2.4‰) and sulfide and sulfate mineral ?33S and ?36S values (? 4.0 to 14.3‰ and ? 12.3 to 3.2‰, respectively) occurred prior to the GOE. From our observations, we divide transitions in Earth's history into four periods: Period 1 (4.00 to 2.80 Ga) during which geochemical cycles were initialized, Period 2 (2.80 to 2.45 Ga) during which S and C isotope systems exhibit changes as conditions build up to the GOE, Period 3 (2.45 to 2.00 Ga) encompassing the GOE, and Period 4 (after 2.00 Ga) after which S and C isotopic systems remained relatively constant marking a time of Earth system geochemical quiescence. Using these periods, we link changes in S and C isotopes to molecular clock work to aid in interpreting emerging metabolic functions throughout Earth's history while underscoring the need for better proxies for robust evolutionary analyses. Specifically, results indicate: 1) an early development of sulfide oxidation and dissimilatory sulfite reduction followed by disproportionation and then sulfate reduction to sulfite resulting in a fully biologically mediated sulfur cycle by ~ 3.25 Ga; 2) support for the acetyl coenzyme-A pathway as the most likely earliest form of biologically mediated carbon fixation following methanogenesis; 3) an increasingly redox-stratified ocean in the Neoarchean with largely oxic surface water and euxinic bottom water during the first half of the Paleoproterozoic; and 4) that secular changes in Earth system crustal cycling dynamics and continent formation likely played a key role in driving the timing of the GOE. Finally, based on geochemical data, we suggest that the Paleoproterozoic be divided into a new Era of the Eoproterozoic (from 2.45 to 2.00 Ga) and the Paleoproterozoic (from 2.00 to 1.60 Ga).
DS200512-1234
2005
Kun, S.Zeming, Z., Kun, S., Van den Kerkhof, A.M., Hoefs, J., Liou, J.G.Fluid composition and evolution attending UHP metamorphism: study of fluid inclusions from drill cores, southern Sulu Belt, eastern China.International Geology Review, Vol. 47, 3, pp. 297-309.ChinaUHP
DS200712-0419
2006
Kuna, S.Hatch, D., Kuna, S., Fecher, J.Evaluation of an airship platform for airborne gravity gradiometry.AESC2006, Melbourne, Australia, 6p.TechnologyGravity gradiometer, FTG, Zeppelin
DS201805-0976
2018
Kunar, D.Sharma, A., Kunar, D., Sahoo, S., Pandit, D., Chalapathi Rao, N.V.Chrome diopside megacryst bearing lamprophyre from the Late Cretaceous Mundwara alkaline complex, NW India: petrological and geodynamic implications.Journal of the Geological Society of India, Vol. 91, pp. 395-399.IndiaAlkaline - Mundwara

Abstract: The occurrence of a rare mantle-derived chrome-diopside megacryst (~8 mm), containing inclusions of olivine, in a lamprophyre dyke from the late Cretaceous polychronous (~100 - 68 Ma) Mundwara alkaline complex of NW India is reported. The olivine inclusions are forsteritic (Fo: 85.23) in composition, and their NiO (0.09 wt%) and CaO (0.13 wt%) contents imply derivation from a peridotitic mantle source. The composition of the chrome diopside (Cr2O3: 0.93 wt ) (Wo45.27 En48.47 Fs5.07 and Ac1.18) megacryst is comparable to that occurring in the garnet peridotite xenoliths found in diamondiferous kimberlites from Archaean cratons. Single pyroxene thermobarometry revealed that this chrome diopside megacryst was derived from a depth range of ~100 km, which is relatively much deeper than that of the chrome-diopside megacrysts (~40-50 km) reported in spinellherzolite xenoliths from the alkali basalts of Deccan age (ca. 66- 67 Ma) from the Kutch, NW India. This study highlights that pre- Deccan lithosphere, below the Mundwara alkaline complex, was at least ~100 km thick and, likely, similar in composition to that of the cratonic lithosphere.
DS1982-0221
1982
Kundu, U.S.Ghosh, S.C., Kundu, U.S.Surface Study of Geological Samples by Scanning Electron Microscope and its Importance in Economic Geology.Indian Minerals, Vol. 36, No. 1, Jan. MAR. PP. 9-17.IndiaDiamonds, Prospecting, Sampling, Analyses, Technique
DS2000-0545
2000
Kung, J.Kung, J., Rogden, S.M., Jackson, I.Silicate perovskite analogue ScALO3; temperature dependence of elastic moduli.Physical Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 120, No. 4, Aug. 1, pp. 299-314.GlobalPerovskite - experimental petrology
DS200512-0590
2005
Kung, J.Kung, J., Li, B.In situ measurement for the unquenchable high pressure clinopyroxene phase: implication for the upper mantle.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, 1, Jan. 16, L01307 10.1029/2004 GLO21661MantleUHP
DS200512-0638
2005
Kung, J.Lin, J.F., Struzhkin, V.V., Jacobsen, S.D., Hu, M.Y., Chow, P., Kung, J., Liu, H., Mao, H., Hemley, R.J.Spin transition of iron in magnesiowustite in the Earth's lower mantle.Nature, No. 7049, July 21, pp. 377-380.MantleMineralogy
DS200612-0816
2006
Kung, J.Liebermann, R.C., Kung, J., Li, B., Jackson, I.Elastic properties of pyroxene polymorphs of MgSiO3 and implications for seismic models and discontinuities in the Earth's upper mantle.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 70, 18, p. 18, abstract only.MantleGeophysics - seismic
DS1988-0714
1988
Kung, P.J.Tzeng, Y., Kung, P.J., Zee, R., Legg, K., Solnick-Legg, H., BurnsSpiral hollow cathode plasma assisted diamond depositionAppl. Phys. Letters, Vol. 53, No. 23, pp. 2326-2327GlobalDiamond coatings, Diamond applications
DS1999-0383
1999
Kung, R.Kung, R., Sawyer, B.Shaded relief map of the Canadian Cordillera and adjacent regionsGeological Survey Open File, No. 3575, 1: 2, 400, 000 $ 20.00CordilleraMap
DS200812-0833
2008
Kunihiro, T.Ota, T., Kobayashi, K., Kunihiro, T., Nakamura, E.Boron cycling by subducted lithosphere, insights from Diamondiferous tourmaline from the Kochetav ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 72, 14, pp. 3531-3541.Russia, KazakhstanCoesite, UHP
DS201012-0548
2010
Kunimoto, T.Ohfuji, H., Okimoto, S., Kunimoto, T., Irifune, T.Influence of graphite crystallinity on the microtexture of polycrystalline diamond obtained by direct conversion.International Mineralogical Association meeting August Budapest, abstract p. 182.TechnologyDiamond synthesis
DS201701-0020
2016
Kunimoto, T.Liu, Z., Du, W., Shinmei, T., Greaux, S., Zhou, C., Arimoto, T., Kunimoto, T., Irifune, T.Garnets in the majorite pyrope system: symmetry, lattice microstain, and order-disorder of cations.Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, in press available 9p.TechnologyGarnet morphology

Abstract: We present a systematic experimental study on the phase transition, lattice microstrain, and order-disorder of cations for garnets in the majorite-pyrope system. Polycrystalline gem-quality garnets were synthesized at high pressure and high temperature using a Kawai-type multi-anvil apparatus. A phase transition from a cubic to tetragonal structure is clearly observed for garnets with the majorite content of more than 74 mol % through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman scattering studies. Microstrain of garnets, evaluated with the Williamson-Hall plot on XRD profiles, shows a nonlinear dependence of the garnet compositions. The variation of the XRD peak broadening suggests the lattice microstrain of these garnets may be associated with the local structural heterogeneities due to the substitution of different cations via the coupled substitution (Mg2+ + Si4+ = 2Al3+) in the garnet structure. The width variation of Raman scattering peaks indicates that cation disorder occurs in the garnet structure for intermediate compositions. It is found that intermediate garnets and end-members have a minimum of microstrain, while those between end-members and intermediate compositions possess a larger microstrain.
DS1993-1187
1993
Kunsch, H.R.Papritz, A., Kunsch, H.R., Webster, R.On the pseudo cross-variograMMathematical Geology, Vol. 25, No. 8, November pp. 1015-1026GlobalGeostatistics, Cokriging
DS1975-1085
1979
Kunselman, P.Johnson, R.W.JR., Hildenbrand, T.G., Haygood, C., Kunselman, P.Magnetic Anomaly Map of the Greater New Madrid Seismic ZoneEos, Vol. 61, No. 5, PP. 47-48. (abstract.).GlobalMid-continent
DS200812-0615
2008
Kunta, K.Kumagai, I., Davaille, A., Kunta, K., Stutzmann, E.Mantle plumes: thin, fat, successful or failing? Constraints to explain hot spot volcanism through time and space.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 35, 16, L16301.MantlePlume
DS1970-0993
1974
Kuntz, C.S.Smith, J.W., Kuntz, C.S., Williams, A.L., Schepper, R.J.Structural and Photographic Lineaments, Gravity, Magnetics And Seismicity of Central United States (us)First International Conference On Basement Tectonics, GlobalMid-continent
DS1900-0774
1909
Kuntz, J.Kuntz, J.Ueber die Herkunft der Diamanten von D.s.w.sDeut. Geol. Ges. Monatsber., Vol. 61B, No. 1, PP. 219-221. ALSO: KOLON RUNDSCHAU, P. 699.Africa, NamibiaDiamond Genesis, Littoral Diamond Placers
DS1983-0381
1983
Kuntze, L.Kuntze, L.Die Macht der Diamanten. Sechsundsechzig Ernste Heitere Und tragesche Diamanten geschichten Aus Suedwestafriker.Windhoek: Verlag Der Swa Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft., 164P.Southwest Africa, NamibiaHistory, Economics, Kimberley
DS1996-0797
1996
Kunugiza, K.Kunugiza, K., Kato, Y., et al.An Archean tectonic model of the Dharwar craton, southern India: the origin of the Holenarasipur....Journal of Southeast Asian Sciences, Vol. 14, No. 3-4, pp. 149-160IndiaTectonics, Dharwar Craton
DS2002-0572
2002
KunzGillet, P., Sautter, V., Harris, Reynard, Harte, KunzRaman spectroscopic study of garnet inclusions in diamonds from the mantle transition zone.American Mineralogist, Vol.87, 2-3, pp. 312-17.BrazilSpectroscopy - majoritic content, Deposit - Sao Luiz
DS201806-1222
2018
Kunz, B.Engi, M., Giuntoli, F., Lanari, P., Burn, M., Kunz, B., Bouvier, A.S.Pervasive eclogization due to brittle deformation and rehydration of subducted basement: effects on continental recycling?Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Vol. 19, 3, pp. 865-881.Mantlesubduction

Abstract: The buoyancy of continental crust opposes its subduction to mantle depths, except where mineral reactions substantially increase rock density. Sluggish kinetics limit such densification, especially in dry rocks, unless deformation and hydrous fluids intervene. Here we document how hydrous fluids in the subduction channel invaded lower crustal granulites at 50-60 km depth through a dense network of probably seismically induced fractures. We combine analyses of textures and mineral composition with thermodynamic modeling to reconstruct repeated stages of interaction, with pulses of high-pressure (HP) fluid at 650-6708C, rehydrating the initially dry rocks to micaschists. SIMS oxygen isotopic data of quartz indicate fluids of crustal composition. HP growth rims in allanite and zircon show uniform U-Th-Pb ages of 65 Ma and indicate that hydration occurred during subduction, at eclogite facies conditions. Based on this case study in the Sesia Zone (Western Italian Alps), we conclude that continental crust, and in particular deep basement fragments, during subduction can behave as substantial fluid sinks, not sources. Density modeling indicates a bifurcation in continental recycling: Chiefly mafic crust, once it is eclogitized to >60%, are prone to end up in a subduction graveyard, such as is tomographically evident beneath the Alps at 550 km depth. By contrast, dominantly felsic HP fragments and mafic granulites remain positively buoyant and tend be incorporated into an orogen and be exhumed with it. Felsic and intermediate lithotypes remain positively buoyant even where deformation and fluid percolation allowed them to equilibrate at HP.
DS1860-0341
1880
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Five DiamondsScience., Vol. 3, P. 649.South AfricaDiamond Morphology
DS1860-0375
1882
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamonds in ColoradoU.S.G.S. Mineral Resources of The United States In 1882, P. 484.United States, Colorado, Rocky Mountains, Puerto RicoDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0404
1883
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamond in MissouriU.S.G.S. 'Mineral Resources of The United States In 1882, PP. 484-485.United States, Missouri, North Carolina, VirginiaDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0413
1883
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamond Found at Blackfoot, Deer Lodge County, MontanaMineral Resources of the United States for 1882, PP. 30-31.United States, MontanaDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0414
1883
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamonds - Kunz 1882Mineral Resources of The United States For 1882; Part 2, PP. 482-503.United States, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Colorado, CaliforniaDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0442
1884
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.A Letter to the New York Sun by C. Leventhorpe Mentions a Fine White diamond Found in a South Carolin a Placer by Mr. TwittyMineral Resources of The United States For 1883, Part 2, Non, PP. 729-730.United States, South CarolinaDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0443
1884
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Five Brazilian DiamondsScience., Vol. 3, No. 69, MAY 30TH. PP. 649-650.South America, BrazilDiamond Morphology
DS1860-0454
1885
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamonds in California, 1883-1884U.S.G.S. Mineral Resources of The United States 1883-1884, PP. 728-733.United States, California, West Coast Rocky Mountains, Montana, Oregon, ColoradoDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0472
1885
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamonds - Kunz 1883-84Mineral Resources of The United States For 1883-1884; Part 2, PP. 723-782.United StatesDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0473
1885
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamonds in ArizonaMineral Resources of The United States For 1883-1884, P. 733.United States, Arizona, Colorado PlateauDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0474
1885
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Eagle Diamond of 15 Carats from Waukesha County, WisconsinMineral Resources of The United States For 1883/1884, PART 2, NONMETALS, PP. 732-733.United States, Great Lakes, WisconsinDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0513
1886
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Notes on a Remarkable Collection of Rough DiamondsAmerican Association Advanced Science Proceedings, Vol. 34, No. 2507, PP. 250-258.Africa, South AfricaGemology, Crystallography
DS1860-0514
1886
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Rare Gems and Interesting MineralsNew York Academy of Sciences Transactions, Vol. 51, PP. 213-214.United StatesDiamond Mineralogy
DS1860-0515
1886
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamonds - Kunz 1885Mineral Resources of The United States For 1885: Part 2, Non, PP. 437-444.United States, IllinoisDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0536
1887
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Peridotite Occurrences in KentuckyU.S.G.S. Mineral Resources of The United States For 1886, PP. 599-601.United States, Kentuckygeology
DS1860-0547
1887
Kunz, G.F.Diller, J.S., Kunz, G.F.Is There a Diamond Field in Kentucky?Science., Vol. 10, No. 241, SEPT. 16TH. PP. 140-142.United States, KentuckyDiamond Occurrence, History
DS1860-0555
1887
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamonds - Kunz 1886Mineral Resources of The United States For 1886: Part 2, Non, PP. 595-605.GlobalDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0556
1887
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Four Large Diamonds from South AfricaScience., Vol. 10, PP. 69-70.Africa, South AfricaDiamonds Notable
DS1860-0557
1887
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.A North Carolina Diamond. #1 McDowell CountyScience., Vol. 10, SEPT. 30TH. No. 243, P. 168. ALSO: American JournalUnited States, North CarolinaDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0558
1887
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones in the United StatesHarpers Magazine., Vol. 76, DECEMBER PP. 97-106. ALSO: Neues Jahrbuch f?r MineralogieUnited States, CaliforniaDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0581
1888
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones (1888)U.S.G.S. Mineral Resources of The United States For 1887, PP. 588-589.United States, GeorgiaDiamond Occurrences
DS1860-0596
1888
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamonds - Kunz 1887Mineral Resources of The United States For 1887: Part 2, Non, PP. 558-559.United StatesDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0597
1888
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamonds in Meteorites. #2Science., Vol. 11, No. 266, MARCH 9TH. PP. 118-119.Russia, Novy Urej PenzaMeteorite
DS1860-0615
1889
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones 1889U.S.G.S.Mineral Resources of The United States For 1888, P. 580.United States, Georgia, AppalachiaDiamond Occurrences
DS1860-0634
1889
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Mineralogical Note on Fluorite, Opal, Amber and Diamond Russell CountyAmerican Journal of Science, Vol. 3, PP. 72-74.United States, KentuckyDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0635
1889
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Mineralogical Notes on Fluorite, Opal, Amber and DiamondAmerican Journal of Science, 3RD. Vol. 38, PP. 72-74.United States, KentuckyDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0650
1890
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Origin illustrations of Dysortville North Carolina DiamondG.F. Kunz Collection., 3 ILLUSTRATIONS.United States, North CarolinaDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0664
1890
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamonds - Kunz 1888Mineral Resources of The United States For 1888: Part 2, Non, PP. 580-585.United StatesDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0665
1890
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Gems and Precious Stones of North AmericaNew York: Dover Edition 1969, United States, Canada, Indiana, Ohio, Great LakesGemology, Diamond Occurrence
DS1860-0666
1890
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamond Discovery Near Waukesha, WisconsinIn: Gems And Precious Stones, P. 35.United States, WisconsinDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0709
1891
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Ueber Neuer Nordamerikanische Edelstein VorkommenZeitschr. Kryst. (leipzig), Vol. 19, PP. 478-482. ALSO: Neues Jahrbuch f?r Mineralogie, BD. 1, PP. 25United States, WisconsinDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0710
1891
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.On the Occurrence of Diamonds in WisconsinGeological Society of America (GSA) Bulletin., Vol. 2, PP. 638-639.United States, WisconsinDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0761
1892
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Expert Kunz Skeptical Regarding the Idaho Diamond FindsJewellers Circular Keystone, Vol. 25, No. 21, Dec. 21ST. P. 12.United States, IdahoDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0762
1892
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamonds from Plum Creek, Pierce County, WisconsinMineral Resources of The United States For 1892, PART 2, NONMETALS, PP. 541-542.United States, Wisconsin, Great Lakes, Arizona, Colorado Plateau, KentuckyDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0803
1893
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamonds - Kunz 1892 Black Carbonaceous shaleMineral Resources of The United States For 1892: Part 2, Non, PP. 756-781.United States, Africa, South AfricaDiamond, Genesis
DS1860-0804
1893
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F., Huntington, O.W.On the Diamond in the Canon Diablo Meteoritic IronAmerican Journal of Science SER. 3, N.S. 3, Vol. 46, PP. 470-473.United States, Arizona, Colorado PlateauMeteorite
DS1860-0834
1894
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamond in North Carolina. #2U.S.G.S. Mineral Resources of The United States For 1893, P. 683.United States, North Carolina, Appalachia, California, West Coast, MontanaDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0849
1894
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Kimberley Diamond Mines (1893)The Mineral Industry During 1893, Vol. 2, PP. 543-546.South Africa, Griqualand WestMining Recovery
DS1860-0850
1894
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamond OccurrenceMineral Resources of The United States For 1893: Part 2, Non, PP. 682-683.United States, WisconsinDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0851
1894
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Mineralogical Notes: Diamonds from WisconsinNew York Academy of Sciences Transactions, Vol. 13, PP. 144-145.United States, WisconsinMineralogy, Diamond
DS1860-0881
1895
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Montana (1895)U.S.G.S. Minreral Resources of The United States In 1894, PP. 595-597.United States, Montana, Rocky Mountains, Alberta, Great Lakes, WisconsinDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0895
1895
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Phosphorescent Diamonds: TiffanyiteNew York Academy of Sciences Transactions, Vol. 14, P. 260.GlobalHydrocarbon, Morphology
DS1860-0896
1895
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Kimberley Diamond Mines (1894)De Beers MineThe Mineral Industry During 1894, Vol. 3, PP. 475-476.Africa, South Africa, Griqualand WestMining recovery
DS1860-0897
1895
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamonds - Kunz 1894Mineral Resources of The United States For 1894: Part 2, Non, PP. 595-605.United StatesDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0921
1896
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamonds in California, 1895U.S.G.S. Mineral Resources of The United State For 1895, 17TH. ANNUAL REPORT, PT. 3, P. 896.United States, California, West Coast, Tulare, Montana, Great Lakes, WisconsinDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0945
1896
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamonds - Kunz 1895 Jagersfontein, Koffiefontein, Excelsior, ReitzMineral Resources of The United States For 1895: Part 2, Non, PP. 895-926.United States, Africa, South Africa, BotswanaDiamond mining
DS1860-0969
1897
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamonds in MontanaU.S.G.S. Mineral Resources of The United States In 1896, 18TH. ANNUAL REPORT, PT. 5, PP. 1183-1185.United States, Montana, Rocky Mountains, Great Lakes, WisconsinDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-0994
1897
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.The Genesis of the Diamond - Kunz (1897)Science., N.S. Vol. 6, SEPT. 17TH. PP. 450-456.United States, Arizona, Kentucky, New YorkDiamond genesis
DS1860-0995
1897
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamonds - Kunz 1896 Bingara, Boggy Camp, Mineral Resources of The United States For 1896: Part 2, Non, PP. 1183-1217.Africa, South Africa, United States, AustraliaMoissanite
DS1860-1035
1898
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamonds - Kunz 1897Mineral Resources of The United States For 1897: Part 2, Non, PP. 497-514.Africa, South AfricaDiamond genesis
DS1860-1036
1898
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Geography of Precious StonesJournal of Franklin Institute, Philadekphia, Vol. 145, Jan., PP. 24-35; Feb. PP. 133-143.United StatesGemology
DS1860-1053
1899
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Australia, 1898U.S.G.S. Mineral Resources of The United States For 1898, 20TH. ANNUAL REPORT, PT. 6, PP. 564-565.AustraliaDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-1091
1899
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.China- DiamondsMineral Resources of The United States For 1898, 20TH. Annual Report, PT. 6, P. 565.ChinaDiamond Occurrence
DS1860-1092
1899
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamonds - Kunz 1898Mineral Resources of The United States For 1898: Part 2, Non, PP. 557-602.United States, Africa, South Africa, South America, Brazil, Australia, RussiaDiamond Occurrence
DS1900-0026
1900
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamonds - Kunz 1899The Mineral Industry During 1899, Vol. 7, PP. 15-16.IndiaReview Of Ramond's Publication
DS1900-0027
1900
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamonds - Kunz 1899 Part 2Mineral Resources of The United States For 1899: Part 2, Non, PP. 419-462.United States, Australia, Brazil, Appalachia, West Coast, Great LakesDiamond Occurrrences
DS1900-0064
1901
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Gems and Precious Stones of Mexico. #1Engineering and Mining Journal, Vol. 72, Nov. 30TH. P. 713. ALSO: American Institute MiningMexicoGemstones
DS1900-0065
1901
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Des Progres de la Production des Pierres Precieuses Aux Etats Unis.International GEOL. CONGRES 8TH. PARIS, COMPTES RENDUS, PT. 1, PP. 393-395.United States, Appalachia, Great Lakes, West CoastDiamond Occurrences
DS1900-0066
1901
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamonds - Kunz 1900Mineral Resources of The United States For 1900: Part 2, Non, PP. 749-778.United States, South Africa, Great Lakes, Appalachia, Australia, RussiaDiamond Occurrences
DS1900-0121
1902
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones in the UsaEngineering and Mining Journal, Vol. 73, Jan. 4TH. P. 38.United States, Appalachia, Great Lakes, West CoastDiamond Occurrences
DS1900-0122
1902
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamonds in Kentucky, LetterCopy of A Letter To C.j. Norwood, Curator of The State Geol., Oct. 22ND.United States, Kentucky, AppalachiaDiamond Occurrences
DS1900-0123
1902
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamonds - Kunz 1901Mineral Resources of The United States For 1901: Part 2, Non, PP. 725-736.United States, South Africa, Appalachia, Rocky Mountains, Montana, AlabamaDiamond Occurrences
DS1900-0196
1903
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.The Origin of Diamonds (1903)Manufacture Jeweller., Vol. 33, Nov. 26TH. P. 676.GlobalDiamond Genesis
DS1900-0197
1903
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamonds - Kunz 1902 Part 2Mineral Resources of The United States For 1902: Part 2, Non, PP. 813-863.GlobalDrill Diamonds, Meteoritic, Synthesis, Irradiation
DS1900-0198
1903
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamonds - Kunz 1902The Mineral Industry During 1902, Vol. 10, PP. 15-16.IndiaReview Of Current Activities
DS1900-0199
1903
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones; DiamondsThe Mineral Industry During 1902, Vol. 11, P. 14.IndiaReview Of Current Activities
DS1900-0200
1903
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Review of Williams' Book " the Diamond Mines of South AfricaScience., N.S., Vol. 17, PP. 695-701.Africa, South AfricaGeology, Gemology, Mining
DS1900-0201
1903
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F., Baskerville, C.The Action of Radium, Actinium, Roentgen Rays and Ultra Violet Light on Minerals and Gems.Science., Vol. 18, N.S., No. 468, PP. 769-783.GlobalDiamond Occurrences
DS1900-0260
1904
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamonds - Kunz 1903Mineral Resources of The United States For 1903: Part 2, Non, PP. 911-977.Africa, South Africa, IndiaMining, Engineering
DS1900-0261
1904
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Another Indiana DiamondIndianapolis Ind. News, Jan. 11TH.United States, Indiana, Great LakesDiamond Occurrences
DS1900-0334
1905
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamonds; the Mineral Industry During 1904The Mineral Industry During 1904, Vol.United States, Arizona, Colorado PlateauGenesis, Origin, Synthetic
DS1900-0335
1905
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Gems, Jewelers' Materials and Ornamental Stones of CaliforniCalifornia Division of Mines Bulletin., No. 37, 171P.United States, California, West CoastGemstones
DS1900-0336
1905
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamonds - Kunz 1904Mineral Resources of The United States For 1904: Part 2, Non, PP. 941-987.United States, South Africa, Rhodesia, Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, Great LakesDiamond Occurrences
DS1900-0419
1906
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamond in New South WalesMineral Resources of The United States For 1905, Pt. 2 Nonme, PP. 1332-1333.Australia, New South WalesDiamond, Mt. Werong, Bingara, Ruby Hill
DS1900-0420
1906
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Genesis of the DiamondScientific American Supplement., Vol. 61, No. 1571, Feb. 10TH. P. 25178.GlobalDiamond Genesis
DS1900-0421
1906
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones. In: the Making of AmericaChicago: The Making of America Co., Vol. Vi, Mining And Meta, PP. 324-347.United StatesHistory, Kimberley
DS1900-0422
1906
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones - Kunz 1905The Mineral Industry During 1905, Vol. 14, P. 213.United States, Appalachia, New YorkDiamond Occurrences
DS1900-0423
1906
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Peridotite Dike on Manhattan IslandScience., Vol. 23, MARCH 9TH. P. 388.United States, Appalachia, New Yorkperidotite
DS1900-0424
1906
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamond Carbon in MeteoritesThe Mineral Industry During 1905, PP. 16-17.United States, Arizona, Colorado PlateauCarbon
DS1900-0425
1906
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamond (kunz 1905)Mineral Resources of The United States For 1905: Part 2, Non, PP. 1323-1358.United States, Canada, South Africa, Brazil, Great Lakes, AppalachiaCurrent Activities
DS1900-0426
1906
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamonds in Kentucky, January 1906Copy of A Letter To C.j. Norwood, Director of The Kentucky G, Jan. 23RD.United States, Kentucky, AppalachiaDiamond Occurrences
DS1900-0568
1907
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Mother Load or Matrix of the DiamondJewellers Circular Keystone, Vol. 54, No. 22, JULY 3RD. P. 115.GlobalDiamond Genesis
DS1900-0569
1907
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamond - Kunz 1906The Mineral Industry During 1906, Vol. 15, P. 17.IndiaReview Of Current Activities
DS1900-0570
1907
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Gems and Precious Stones of Mexico. #2International Geological Congress 10TH. HELD MEXICO PUB. COMPTES RENDUS, PP. 1029-1080. ALSO: MINING WORLD, Vol. 31, JULY 3RD. PP. 16MexicoGemstones
DS1900-0571
1907
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Wisconsin- the Discovery of a Diamond Near Plum CityMineral Resources of The United States For 1906, PT. 2, NONMETALS, P. 1219.United States, Great Lakes, WisconsinDiamond Occurrences
DS1900-0572
1907
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamonds Found in ArkansasMineral Resources of The United States For 1906, PP. 1217-1220.United States, Gulf Coast, Arkansas, PennsylvaniaDiamond Occurrences
DS1900-0573
1907
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.The Occurrence of Diamond in North AmericaGeological Society of America (GSA), Vol. 17, PP. 692-694.United States, Gulf Coast, Arkansas, Wisconsin, Great LakesDiamond Occurrences
DS1900-0574
1907
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.History of Gems Found in North CarolinaRaleigh: E.m. Uzzell And Co., 60P. ALSO: NORTH CAROLINA Geological Survey Bulletin. No. 12.United States, North Carolina, AppalachiaGemstones
DS1900-0575
1907
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F., Washington, H.S.Occurrence of Diamonds in ArkansasMineral Resources of The United States For 1906, Part 2, Non, PP. 1247-1251. ALSO: SCI. American SUPPL., Oct. 5TH. 1907 Vol.United States, Gulf Coast, ArkansasDiamond Occurrences
DS1900-0576
1907
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F., Washington, H.S.Note on Forms of Arkansaw DiamondsAmerican Journal of Science, SER. 4, Vol. 24, PP. 275-276. ALSO: SOC. OURAL Bulletin., Vol. 2United States, Gulf Coast, ArkansasMorphology
DS1900-0679
1908
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamonds in Arkansas, 1908Mines AND MINERALS, Vol. 28, PP. 552-553. ALSO: MINING WORLD, Vol. 28, P. 443.United States, Gulf Coast, Arkansas, PennsylvaniaDiamond Occurrences
DS1900-0680
1908
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamond - Kunz 1907The Mineral Industry During 1907, Vol. 16, PP. 792-804.United States, Gulf Coast, Arkansas, PennsylvaniaDiamond Occurrences
DS1900-0681
1908
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Describes Diamond from Hillsboro of 4 1/4 Carats and Deeply pitted Yellowish White.Private Correspondence., United States, Ohio, Great LakesDiamond Occurrences
DS1900-0682
1908
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F., Washington, H.S.On the Peridotite of Pike County, Arkansas and the Occurrence of Diamond Therein.New York Academy of Sciences ANNALS, Vol. 18, P. 350.United States, Gulf Coast, Arkansas, PennsylvaniaGeology, Petrology
DS1900-0775
1909
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.The Two Largest DiamondsCentury Magazine., Vol. 78, No. 2, JUNE, PP. 277-288.Africa, South AfricaDiamonds Notable, Excelsior, Cullinan
DS1900-0776
1909
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamonds of Arkansas; 1908The Mineral Industry During 1908, Vol. 17, PP. 734-735.United States, Gulf Coast, ArkansasDiamond Occurrences
DS1900-0777
1909
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamonds in Arkansas, 1909Engineering and Mining Journal, Vol. 87, P. 963.United States, Gulf Coast, Arkansas, PennsylvaniaDiamond Occurrences
DS1900-0778
1909
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F., Washington, H.S.Diamonds in Arkansas; March, 1909American Institute Mining Engineering Transactions, Vol. 39, PP. 169-176. ALSO American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME) BIMONTHLY Bulletin No.United States, Gulf Coast, Arkansas, PennsylvaniaDiamond Occurrences
DS1910-0196
1911
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamonds in Wisconsin. #4Engineering and Mining Journal, Vol. 91, MAR. 4TH. P. 469.United States, Great Lakes, WisconsinBlank
DS1910-0197
1911
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones - Kunz 1910The Mineral Industry During 1910, Vol. 19, PP. 563-589.United States, Gulf Coast, Arkansas, South Africa, Southwest Africa, NamibiaBlank
DS1910-0293
1912
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious StonesThe Mineral Industry During 1911, Vol. 20, PP. 624-644.United States, Gulf Coast, Arkansas, South Africa, Southwest Africa, NamibiaBlank
DS1910-0356
1913
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.The Curious Lore of Precious StonesNew York And Philadelphia: Dover Edition 1972, GlobalKimberlite, Kimberley, Janlib, Gemology
DS1910-0357
1913
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.The New International Diamond Carat of 200 Milligrams, July, 1, 1913. in the United States.American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME) Transactions, Vol. 47, PP. 748-769.GlobalBlank
DS1910-0358
1913
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones - Kunz 1912The Mineral Industry During 1912., Vol. 21, PP. 707-736.South Africa, Southwest Africa, Namibia, Brazil, GuyanaBlank
DS1910-0359
1913
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.The Morgan Collection of Precious StonesAmerican MUS. Journal, Vol. 13, APRIL PP. 159-168.United States, Wisconsin, Alabama, Dane, Lee, Tennessee, AppalachiaDiamonds Notable
DS1910-0422
1914
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.W.g. Miller Reported Occurrence of Microscopic Diamond in Chrome Iron Ore from Reaume Township.The Mineral Industry During 1913, Vol. 22, P. 641.Canada, OntarioBlank
DS1910-0423
1914
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Description of Attempt to Work the Area of the Ozark Miningcompany.The Mineral Industry During 1913, Vol. 22, PP. 640-641.United States, Gulf Coast, Arkansas, PennsylvaniaMining Methods
DS1910-0504
1916
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: Diamond of AustraliaThe Mineral Industry During 1915, Vol. 25, PP. 626-627.AustraliaCurrent Activities
DS1910-0505
1916
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones: IndiaThe Mineral Industry During 1915, Vol. 25, P. 21.IndiaProduction, Review Of Current Activities
DS1910-0532
1917
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones (1917)The Mineral Industry During 1916, Vol. 26, PP. 593-594.United States, Gulf Coast, Arkansas, AustraliaBlank
DS1910-0533
1917
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones - Kunz 1916Mineral Resources of The United States For 1916, PT. 2, PP. 892-893.United States, Indiana, Great LakesBlank
DS1910-0585
1919
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones -kunz 1918The Mineral Industry During 1918, Vol. 27, PP. 621-622.United States, Gulf Coast, ArkansasBlank
DS1920-0037
1920
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Arkansaw Mining IndustryThe Mineral Industry During 1919, Vol. 28, PP. 603-604.United States, Gulf Coast, ArkansasBlank
DS1920-0077
1921
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamonds of Arkansaw; 1920The Mineral Industry During 1920, Vol. 29, PP. 216-217.United States, Gulf Coast, ArkansasBlank
DS1920-0078
1921
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamonds at Pike County, ArkansawGeological Society of America (GSA) Bulletin., Vol. 32, P. 165.United States, Gulf Coast, Arkansas, PennsylvaniaBlank
DS1920-0108
1922
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Deposits of Diamonds of Appreciable Fineness Have Been Discovered by the Geological Mining Bureau of Kwang Yin Shau, Kiriu Province According to Millard's Review. the Mine Is Now Being Worked.Abstract of Information From The Keystone., Jan. 1/2 PG.China, KiruiDiamond Occurrence
DS1920-0159
1923
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamonds in Arkansaw, 1922The Mineral Industry During 1922, Vol. 31, PP. 603-605.United States, Gulf Coast, Arkansas, PennsylvaniaBlank
DS1920-0238
1925
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Six Famous Diamonds. their Discovery and Dramatic AdventureSpringfield, Ohio: The Mentor., Vol. 13, No. 11, No. 274, PP. 1-16.South Africa, IndiaCullinan, Excelsior, Koh-i-nur, Orloff, Regent, Sancy, Diamonds
DS1920-0239
1925
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamond in Arkansaw. #2The Mineral Industry During 1924, Vol. 33, P. 618.United States, Gulf Coast, Arkansas, PennsylvaniaBlank
DS1920-0390
1928
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Precious Stones Used by Prehistoric Inhabitants of North America.International CONGRESS of AMERICANISTS 23RD. MEETING Proceedings, SEPT. PP. 60-66.United StatesBlank
DS1930-0031
1930
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.The Origin of the South African Alluvial DiamondsScience., Vol. 72, No. 1873, PP. 515-520.South AfricaDiamond Genesis
DS1930-0071
1931
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamonds in North America. #1Geological Society of America (GSA) Bulletin., Vol. 42, No. 1, PP. 221-222.United States, Gulf Coast, Arkansas, Great Lakes, Canada, Ontario, PeterboroughDiamond Occurrence
DS1930-0072
1931
Kunz, G.F.Kunz, G.F.Diamonds in Arkansaw, 1930The Mineral Industry During 1930, Vol. 39, P. 522.United States, Gulf Coast, Arkansas, PennsylvaniaBlank
DS2002-1612
2002
Kunz, J.Trieloff, M., Kunz, J., Allegre, C.J.Noble gas systematics of the Reunion mantle plume source and the origin of primordial noble gases in Earth's mantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 200, No. 3-4, pp. 297-313.MantleGeochemistry, Hot spots - plume
DS200512-1100
2005
Kunz, J.Trieloff, M., Kunz, J.Isotope systematics of noble gases in the Earth's mantle: possible sources of primordial isotopes and implications for mantle structure.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 148, 1, pp. 13-MantleGeochronology, tectonics
DS2002-0906
2002
Kunz, M.Kunz, M., Gillet, Fiquet, Sautter, Graafsma, ConradCombined in situ x-ray diffraction and raman spectroscopy on majoritic garnet inclusions in diamondsEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol.198,3-4,pp.485-93., Vol.198,3-4,pp.485-93.GlobalSpectroscopy, Diamond inclusions
DS2002-0907
2002
Kunz, M.Kunz, M., Gillet, Fiquet, Sautter, Graafsma, ConradCombined in situ x-ray diffraction and raman spectroscopy on majoritic garnet inclusions in diamondsEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol.198,3-4,pp.485-93., Vol.198,3-4,pp.485-93.GlobalSpectroscopy, Diamond inclusions
DS200612-0257
2006
Kunz, M.Clar, S.M., Speciale, S., Jeanloz, R., Kunz, M., Caldwell, W.A., Walter, M., Walker, D.Using advanced accelerators to understand the lower mantle and beyond.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 70, 18, p. 104, abstract only.MantleGeochemistry
DS201809-2086
2018
Kunz, M.Shim, S-H., Nisr, C., Chen, H., Leinenweber. K., Chizmeshya, A., Prakapenka, V., Kunz, M., Bechtel, H., Liu, Z.Hydrous silica in the lower mantle. BridgemaniteGoldschmidt Conference, 1p. AbstractMantlewater

Abstract: While mineral phases stable in the mantle transition zone (such as wadsleyite and ringwoodite) can store up to 3 wt% H2O, those in the lower mantle such as bridgmanite and ferropericlase can contain a very small amount (<50 ppm). While such dramatic differences can lead to dehydration/hydration and hydrous melting at 660-km depth in the mantle [1,2] it is uncertain how much water can be transported and stored at these depths. In order to answer this question, we have conducted a series of high pressure experiments in laser-heated diamondanvil cell and multi-anvil press combined with X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, laser Raman spectroscopy, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Initially we examined the water storage capacity of dense (Al free) silica polymorphs at high pressure and temperature. We found that water can dramatically reduce the rutile-type to CaCl2-type phase transition from 55 GPa to 25 GPa and stabilize a new "disordered inverse" inverse NiAs-type phase at pressures above 50 GPa, which is not stable in dry SiO2 system. The CaCl2-type and NiAs-type silica polymorphs contain up to 8 wt% of H2O at 1400-2100 K up to at least 110 GPa. We next explored the effects of water on the mineralogy of the lower mantle and found that hydrous Mg2SiO4 ringwoodite (1 wt% H2O) breaks down to silica + bridgmanite + ferropericlase at pressures up to 60 GPa and 2100 K. The recovered silica samples contain 0.3-1.1 wt% H2O, suggesting that water stabilizes silica even under Si-undersaturated systems because of their large water storage capacity. Therefore, our observations support the stability of silica in hydrous regions in the pyrolitic lower mantle. In the subducting oceanic crust (basalt and sediment), silica represents 20-80% of the mineralogy. Because its stability range spans the mantle transition zone to the deep mantle, hydrous silica is expected to play a major role in the transport and storage of water in the deep mantle.
DS202006-0927
2020
Kunz, M.Ko, B., Prakapenka, V., Kunz, M., Prescher, C., Leinenweber, K., Shim, S-H.Mineralogy and density of Archean volcanic crust in the mantle transition zone.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 305, 13p. PdfMantledensity

Abstract: The composition of Archean volcanic crust can be characterized by a higher Mg/Si ratio than modern mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), because of the higher degree melting from the warmer mantle in the Archean. Although modern MORB may become less dense than the surrounding mantle beneath the mantle transition zone (MTZ), the Mg-rich composition of Archean volcanic crust may result in the different density, and therefore different sinking behavior near the MTZ. In order to understand the compositional effect of Archean volcanic crust on the sinking behaviors and the scale of mantle mixing in the Archean, we investigated the mineralogy and density of Archean volcanic crust near the MTZ (470-910 km-depth). We conducted experiments at 19-34 GPa and 1400-2400 K using the laser-heated diamond anvil cell (LHDAC) combined with in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD). The in-situ XRD and the chemical analysis revealed that Archean volcanic crust forms garnet and ringwoodite (84 and 16 vol%, respectively), which gradually transforms to Brg and CaPv (82 and 18 vol%, respectively) at 23-25 GPa and 1800 K. Our in-situ XRD experiments allowed us to measure the volumes of stable phases and to estimate their densities at high pressure and temperature. The results suggest that Archean volcanic crust maintains greater density than the pyrolitic mantle in the Archean regardless of temperature at 20-34 GPa (570-850 km-depth), promoting further sinking into the deeper mantle in the Archean. We also considered the density of the subducting slab in the Archean. The density model showed that the subducting slab is still denser or at least equally dense as the surrounding pyrolitic mantle in the Archean.
DS202008-1410
2020
Kunz, M.Ko, B., Prakapenka, V., Kunz, M., Prescher, C., Leinenweber, K., Shim, S-H.Mineralogy and density of Archean volcanic crust in the mantle transition zone.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 305, 13p. PdfMantlesubduction

Abstract: The composition of Archean volcanic crust can be characterized by a higher Mg/Si ratio than modern mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), because of the higher degree melting from the warmer mantle in the Archean. Although modern MORB may become less dense than the surrounding mantle beneath the mantle transition zone (MTZ), the Mg-rich composition of Archean volcanic crust may result in the different density, and therefore different sinking behavior near the MTZ. In order to understand the compositional effect of Archean volcanic crust on the sinking behaviors and the scale of mantle mixing in the Archean, we investigated the mineralogy and density of Archean volcanic crust near the MTZ (470-910 km-depth). We conducted experiments at 19-34 GPa and 1400-2400 K using the laser-heated diamond anvil cell (LHDAC) combined with in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD). The in-situ XRD and the chemical analysis revealed that Archean volcanic crust forms garnet and ringwoodite (84 and 16 vol%, respectively), which gradually transforms to Brg and CaPv (82 and 18 vol%, respectively) at 23-25 GPa and 1800 K. Our in-situ XRD experiments allowed us to measure the volumes of stable phases and to estimate their densities at high pressure and temperature. The results suggest that Archean volcanic crust maintains greater density than the pyrolitic mantle in the Archean regardless of temperature at 20-34 GPa (570-850 km-depth), promoting further sinking into the deeper mantle in the Archean. We also considered the density of the subducting slab in the Archean. The density model showed that the subducting slab is still denser or at least equally dense as the surrounding pyrolitic mantle in the Archean.
DS202010-1832
2020
Kunz, M.Chen, H., Leinenweber, K., Prakapenka, V., Kunz, M., Bechtel, H.A., Liu, Z., Shim, S-H.Phase transformation of hydrous ringwoodite to the lower-mantle phases and the formation of hydrous silica.American Mineralogist, Vol. 105, pp. 1342-1348. pdfMantlebridgmanite

Abstract: To understand the effects of H2O on the mineral phases forming under the pressure-temperature conditions of the lower mantle, we have conducted laser-heated diamond-anvil cell experiments on hydrous ringwoodite (Mg2SiO4 with 1.1 wt% H2O) at pressures between 29 and 59 GPa and temperatures between 1200 and 2400 K. Our results show that hydrous ringwoodite (hRw) converts to crystalline dense hydrous silica, stishovite (Stv) or CaCl2-type SiO2 (mStv), containing 1 wt% H2O together with Brd and MgO at the pressure-temperature conditions expected for shallow lower-mantle depths between approximately 660 to 1600 km. Considering the lack of sign for melting in our experiments, our preferred interpretation of the observation is that Brd partially breaks down to dense hydrous silica and periclase (Pc), forming the phase assembly Brd + Pc + Stv. The results may provide an explanation for the enigmatic coexistence of Stv and Fp inclusions in lower-mantle diamonds.
DS2001-0742
2001
Kunze, K.Mauler, A., Godard, G., Kunze, K.Crystallographic fabrics of omphacite, rutile and quartz in Vendee eclogites. Consequences - deformationTectonophysics, Vol. 342, No. 1-2, Dec. pp. 81-112.FranceArmorican Massif, Eclogites
DS1985-0374
1985
Kunzendorf, H.Kunzendorf, H., Secher, K.Dispersion of Niobium and Phosphorus in Soil Overlying the Qaqarssuk Carbonatite Complex, Southwestern Greenland.11th. International Geochem. Symposium Held Toronto, April 28-may, ABSTRACT VOLUME, P. 67. (abstract.).GreenlandBlank
DS1988-0386
1988
Kunzendorf, H.Kunzendorf, H.Proposed marine mineral exploration strategies for the ninetiesMarine Mining, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 233-247. Database # 17357GlobalPlacers, Economics- legal
DS1991-0748
1991
Kunzmann, T.Huckenholz, H.G., Yoder, H.S.Jr., Kunzmann, T., Seiberl, W.The akermanite-gehlenite sodium melilite join at 950 C and 5 Kbar in the presence of CO2 and H2OCarnegie Institute Annual Report of the Director Geophysical Laboratory, No. 2250, pp. 75-81GlobalExperimental petrology, Melilite
DS2000-0546
2000
Kuo, B.Y.Kuo, B.Y., Garnero, E.J., Lay, T.Tomographic inversion of S SKS times for shear velocity heterogeneity in D" degree 12 and hybrid models.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 105, No.12, Dec.10, pp.218139-58.MantleTomography
DS200712-1182
2007
Kuo, B.Y.Wright, C., Kuo, B.Y.The P wavespeed structure in the lowermost 700 km of the mantle below the central part of the Indian Ocean.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 161, 3-4, pp. 243-266.MantleGeophysics - seismics
DS200512-0640
2005
Kuo, B-Y.Lin, S-C., Kuo, B-Y., Chiao, L-Y., Van Keken, P.E.Thermal plume models and melt generation in East Africa: a dynamic modeling approach.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 237, 1-2, Aug, 30, pp. 175-192.Africa, Tanzania, KenyaCraton, magmatism, mantle convection, geodynamics
DS2002-0908
2002
Kuo, C.Kuo, C., Romanowicz, B.On the resolution of density anomalies in the Earth's mantle using spectral fitting of normal mode data.Geophysical Journal International, Vol.150,1,pp.162-179.MantleGeophysics - seismics
DS1986-0467
1986
Kuo, L.C.Kuo, L.C., Essene, E.J.Petrology of spinel harzburgite xenoliths from the Kishb Plateau, SaudiArabiaContributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 93, No. 3, pp. 335-346Saudi ArabiaHarzburgite
DS1995-1637
1995
Kuo, P.H.Rye, R., Kuo, P.H., Holland, H.D.Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations before 2.2 billion years agoNature, Vol. 378, Dec. 7, pp. 603-605MantleCarbon dioxide, Earth's history
DS201907-1555
2019
Kupenko, G.A.Kupenko, G.A., Vasilukov, D.M., McCammon, C., Charleton, S., Cerantola, V., Kantor, I., Chumakov, A.I.., Ruffer, R., Dubrovinsky, L, Sanchez-Valle, C.Magnetism in cold subducting slabs at mantle transition zone depths.Nature, Vol. 570, 7759, p. 102.Mantlesubduction

Abstract: The Earth’s crust-mantle boundary, the Mohorovi?i? discontinuity, has been traditionally considered to be the interface between the magnetic crust and the non-magnetic mantle1. However, this assumption has been questioned by geophysical observations2,3 and by the identification of magnetic remanence in mantle xenoliths4, which suggest mantle magnetic sources. Owing to their high critical temperatures, iron oxides are the only potential sources of magnetic anomalies at mantle depths5. Haematite (?-Fe2O3) is the dominant iron oxide in subducted lithologies at depths of 300 to 600 kilometres, delineated by the thermal decomposition of magnetite and the crystallization of a high-pressure magnetite phase deeper than about 600 kilometres6. The lack of data on the magnetic properties of haematite at relevant pressure-temperature conditions, however, hinders the identification of magnetic boundaries within the mantle and their contribution to observed magnetic anomalies. Here we apply synchrotron Mössbauer source spectroscopy in laser-heated diamond anvil cells to investigate the magnetic transitions and critical temperatures in Fe2O3 polymorphs7 at pressures and temperatures of up to 90 gigapascals and 1,300 kelvin, respectively. Our results show that haematite remains magnetic at the depth of the transition zone in the Earth’s mantle in cold or very cold subduction geotherms, forming a frame of deep magnetized rocks in the West Pacific region. The deep magnetic sources spatially correlate with preferred paths of the Earth’s virtual geomagnetic poles during reversals8 that might not reflect the geometry of the transitional field. Rather, the paths might be an artefact caused by magnetized haematite-bearing rocks in cold subducting slabs at mid-transition zone depths. Such deep sources should be taken into account when carrying out inversions of the Earth’s geomagnetic data9, and especially in studies of planetary bodies that no longer have a dynamo10, such as Mars.
DS201312-0720
2014
Kupenko, I.Prescher, C., Weigel, C., McCammon, C., Narygina, O., Potapkin, V., Kupenko, I., Sinmyo, R., Chumakov, A.I., Dubrovinsky, L.Iron spin state in silicate glass at high pressure: implications for melts in the Earth's lower mantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 385, pp. 130-136.MantleUHP
DS201412-0566
2013
Kupenko, I.McCammon, C., Glazyrin, K., Kantor, A., Kantor, I., Kupenko, I., Narygina, O., Potapin, V., Vasily, P., Sinmyo, C., Chumakov, Ruffer, Sergueev, Smirnov, DubrovinskyIron spin state in silicate perovskite at conditions of Earth's deep interior.International Journal of High Pressure Research, Vol. 33, 3, pp. 663-672.MantlePerovskite
DS201504-0213
2015
Kupenko, I.Prescher, C., Dubrovinsky, L., Bykova, E., Kupenko, I., Glazyrin, K.High Poisson's ration of Earth's inner core explained by carbon alloying.Nature Geoscience, Vol. 8, 3, pp. 220-223.MantleCore, carbon
DS201608-1427
2016
Kupenko, I.Nestola, F., Cerantola, V., Milani, S., Anzolini, C., McCammon, C., Novella, D., Kupenko, I., Chumakov, A., Ruffer, R., Harris, J.W.Synchrotron Mossbauer source technique for in situ measurement of iron-bearing inclusions in natural diamonds.Lithos, in press available, 6p.South America, BrazilDeposit - Juina

Abstract: We describe a new methodology to collect energy domain Mössbauer spectra of inclusions in natural diamonds using a Synchrotron Mössbauer Source (SMS). Measurements were carried out at the Nuclear Resonance beamline ID18 at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (Grenoble, France). We applied this non-destructive approach to collect SMS spectra of a ferropericlase inclusion still contained within its diamond host from Juina (Brazil). The high spatial resolution of the measurement (~ 15 ?m) enabled multiple regions of the 190 × 105 ?m2 inclusion to be sampled and showed that while Fe3 +/Fetot values in ferropericlase were below the detection limit (0.02) overall, there was a magnetic component whose abundance varied systematically across the inclusion. Hyperfine parameters of the magnetic component are consistent with magnesioferrite, and the absence of superparamagnetism allows the minimum particle size to be estimated as ~ 30 nm. Bulk Fe3 +/Fetot values are similar to those reported for other ferropericlase inclusions from Juina, and their variation across the inclusion can provide constraints on its history.
DS201705-0861
2017
Kupenko, I.Nestola, F., Cerantola, V., Milani, S., Anzolini, C., McCammon, C., Novella, D., Kupenko, I., Chumakov, A., Rueffer, R., Harris, J.W.Synchroton Mossabauer source technique for in situ measurement of iron bearing inclusions in natural diamonds.European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017, Vienna April 23-28, 1p. 16340 AbstractSouth America, BrazilDeposit - Juina

Abstract: We describe a new methodology to collect energy domain Mössbauer spectra of inclusions in natural diamonds using a Synchrotron Mössbauer Source (SMS). Measurements were carried out at the Nuclear Resonance beamline ID18 at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (Grenoble, France). We applied this non-destructive approach to collect SMS spectra of a ferropericlase inclusion still contained within its diamond host from Juina (Brazil). The high spatial resolution of the measurement (~ 15 ?m) enabled multiple regions of the 190 × 105 ?m2 inclusion to be sampled and showed that while Fe3 +/Fetot values in ferropericlase were below the detection limit (0.02) overall, there was a magnetic component whose abundance varied systematically across the inclusion. Hyperfine parameters of the magnetic component are consistent with magnesioferrite, and the absence of superparamagnetism allows the minimum particle size to be estimated as ~ 30 nm. Bulk Fe3 +/Fetot values are similar to those reported for other ferropericlase inclusions from Juina, and their variation across the inclusion can provide constraints on its history.
DS201710-2219
2017
Kupenko, I.Cerantola, V., Bykova, E., Kupenko, I., Merlini, M., Ismailova, L., McCammon, C., Bykov, M., Chumakov, A.I., Petitgirard, S., Kantor, I., Svityk, V., Jacobs, J., Hanfland, M., Mezouar, M., Prescher, C., Ruffer, R., Prakapenka, V.B., Duvbovinsky, L.How iron carbonates help form diamonds.Nature Communications, July 18 #15960Mantlecarbonate inclusions
DS202002-0215
2020
Kupenko, I.Ritter, X., Sanchez-Valle, C., Sator, N., Desmaele, E., Guignot, N., King, A., Kupenko, I., Berndt, J., Guillot, B.Density of hydrous carbonate melts under pressure, compressability of volatiles and implications for carbonate melt mobility in the upper mantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 533, 11p. PdfMantlecarbon

Abstract: Knowledge of the effect of water on the density of carbonate melts is fundamental to constrain their mobility in the Earth's interior and the exchanges of carbon between deep and surficial reservoirs. Here we determine the density of hydrous MgCO3 and CaMg(CO3)2 melts (10 wt% H2O) from 1.09 to 2.98 GPa and 1111 to 1763 K by the X-ray absorption method in a Paris-Edinburgh press and report the first equations of state for hydrous carbonate melts at high pressure. Densities range from 2.26(3) to 2.50(3) g/cm3 and from 2.34(3) to 2.48(3) g/cm3 for hydrous MgCO3 and CaMg(CO3)2 melts, respectively. Combining the results with density data for the dry counterparts from classical Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations, we derive the partial molar volume (, ) and compressibility of H2O and CO2 components at crustal and upper mantle conditions. Our results show that in alkaline carbonate melts is larger and less compressible than at the investigated conditions. Neither the compressibility nor depend on carbonate melt composition within uncertainties, but they are larger than those in silicate melts at crustal conditions. in alkaline earth carbonate melts decreases from 25(1) to 16.5(5) cm3/mol between 0.5 and 4 GPa at 1500 K. Contrastingly, comparison of our results with literature data suggests strong compositional effects on , that is also less compressible than in transitional melts (e.g., kimberlites) and carbonated basalts. We further quantify the effect of hydration on the mobility of carbonate melts in the upper mantle and demonstrate that 10 wt% H2O increases the mobility of MgCO3 melts from 37 to 67 g.cm?3.Pa?1s?1 at 120 km depth. These results suggest efficient carbonate melt extraction during partial melting and fast migration of incipient melts in the shallow upper mantle.
DS202009-1624
2020
Kupenko, I.Dorfman, S.M., Potapkin, V., Lv, M., Greenberg, E., Kupenko, I., Chumakov, A.I., Bi, W., Alp, E.E., Liu, J., Magrez, A., Dutton, S.E., Cava, R.J., McCammon, C.A., Gillet, P.Effects of composition and pressure on electronic states of iron in bridgmanite.American Mineralogist, Vol. 105, pp. 1030-1039. pdfMantleredox

Abstract: Electronic states of iron in the lower mantle's dominant mineral, (Mg,Fe,Al)(Fe,Al,Si)O3 bridgmanite, control physical properties of the mantle including density, elasticity, and electrical and thermal conductivity. However, the determination of electronic states of iron has been controversial, in part due to different interpretations of Mössbauer spectroscopy results used to identify spin state, valence state, and site occupancy of iron. We applied energy-domain Mössbauer spectroscopy to a set of four bridgmanite samples spanning a wide range of compositions: 10-50% Fe/total cations, 0-25% Al/total cations, 12-100% Fe3+/total Fe. Measurements performed in the diamond-anvil cell at pressures up to 76 GPa below and above the high to low spin transition in Fe3+ provide a Mössbauer reference library for bridgmanite and demonstrate the effects of pressure and composition on electronic states of iron. Results indicate that although the spin transition in Fe3+ in the bridgmanite B-site occurs as predicted, it does not strongly affect the observed quadrupole splitting of 1.4 mm/s, and only decreases center shift for this site to 0 mm/s at ~70 GPa. Thus center shift can easily distinguish Fe3+ from Fe2+ at high pressure, which exhibits two distinct Mössbauer sites with center shift ~1 mm/s and quadrupole splitting 2.4-3.1 and 3.9 mm/s at ~70 GPa. Correct quantification of Fe3+/total Fe in bridgmanite is required to constrain the effects of composition and redox states in experimental measurements of seismic properties of bridgmanite. In Fe-rich, mixed-valence bridgmanite at deep-mantle-relevant pressures, up to ~20% of the Fe may be a Fe2.5+ charge transfer component, which should enhance electrical and thermal conductivity in Fe-rich heterogeneities at the base of Earth's mantle.
DS202109-1454
2021
Kupenko, I.Bindi, L., Sinmyo, R., Bykova, E., Ovsyannikov, S.V., McCammon, C., Kupenko, I., Ismailova, L., Dubrovinsky, L., Xie, X.Discovery of Elgoresyite ( Mg,FE)5Si2O9: implications for novel iron magnesium silicates in rocky planetery interiors. Mentions Earth's magmatismACS Earth Space Chemistry, Vol. 5, pp. 2124-2130.Mantlebridgmanite

Abstract: As the most abundant material of rocky planets, high-pressure polymorphs of iron- and aluminum-bearing magnesium silicates have long been sought by both observations and experiments. Meanwhile, it was recently revealed that iron oxides form (FeO)m(Fe2O3)n homologous series above ?10 GPa according to laboratory high-pressure experiments. Here, we report a new high-pressure iron-magnesium silicate, recently approved by the International Mineralogical Association as a new mineral (No. 2020-086) and named elgoresyite, in a shock-induced melt vein of the Suizhou L6 chondrite with a chemistry of (Mg,Fe)5Si2O9. The crystal structure of this new silicate is the same as the iron oxide Fe7O9, strongly suggesting that silicates also form ((Mg,Fe)O)m + n(SiO2)n series that are isostructural to iron oxides via (Mg2+,Fe2+) + Si4+ = 2Fe3+ substitution. To test this hypothesis, the phase relationships of the silicates and iron oxides should be further investigated at higher temperature conditions. Newly found iron-magnesium silicate is a potential constituent mineral in rocky planets with relatively high MgO + FeO content.
DS1989-0838
1989
Kuper, A.Kuper, A.The diamonds and the necklace- a South African journeyNew State S., Vol. 2, No. 35, Feb. 3, p. 42GlobalBook review -author of book R.West, History
DS201808-1781
2017
Kuper, K.Ragozin, A., Zedgenizov, D., Kuper, K., Palyanov, Y.Specific internal structure of diamonds from Zarnitsa kimberlite pipe.Crystals, Vol. 7, 5, pp. 133-Russiadeposit - Zarnitsa

Abstract: The Zarnitsa kimberlite pipe is one of the largest pipes of the Yakutian diamondiferous province. Currently, some limited published data exists on the diamonds from this deposit. Among the diamond population of this pipe there is a specific series of dark gray to black diamonds with transition morphologies between octahedron and rounded rhombic dodecahedron. These diamonds have specific zonal and sectorial mosaic-block internal structures. The inner parts of these crystals have polycrystalline structure with significant misorientations between sub-individuals. The high consistency of the mechanical admixtures (inclusions) in the diamonds cores can cause a high grid stress of the crystal structure and promote the block (polycrystalline) structure of the core components. These diamond crystals have subsequently been formed due to crystallization of bigger sub-individuals on the polycrystalline cores according to the geometric selection law.
DS201901-0059
2017
Kuper, K.Ragozin, A., Zedgenizov, D., Kuper, K., Kalimina, V., Zemnukhov, A.The internal structure of yellow cuboid diamonds from alluvial placers of the northeastern Siberian platform.Crystals MDPI, Vol. 7, 8, 13p. Doi.org/10. 3390/cryst7080238Russiadiamond morphology

Abstract: Yellow cuboid diamonds are commonly found in diamondiferous alluvial placers of the Northeastern Siberian platform. The internal structure of these diamonds have been studied by optical microscopy, X-Ray topography (XRT) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques. Most of these crystals have typical resorption features and do not preserve primary growth morphology. The resorption leads to an evolution from an originally cubic shape to a rounded tetrahexahedroid. Specific fibrous or columnar internal structure of yellow cuboid diamonds has been revealed. Most of them are strongly deformed. Misorientations of the crystal lattice, found in the samples, may be caused by strains from their fibrous growth or/and post-growth plastic deformation.
DS202102-0216
2021
Kuper, K.Pavlushkin, A., Zedgenizov, D., Vasilev, E., Kuper, K.Morphology and genesis of ballas and ballas-like diamonds.MDPI Crystals, Vol. 11, 17 dx.doi.org/ 103390/ Qcrystal11010017 24p. PdfRussia, Yakutia, Urals, South America, Brazildeposits - Mir, Udachnaya, Aikal, Yubilenya

Abstract: Ballas diamond is a rare form of the polycrystalline radial aggregate of diamonds with diverse internal structures. The morphological features of ballas diamonds have experienced repeated revision. The need that this paper presents for development of a crystal-genetic classification was determined by a rich variety of combined and transitional forms of ballas-like diamonds, which include aggregates, crystals, and intergrowths. The new crystal-genetic classification combines already-known and new morphological types of ballas as well as ballas-like diamonds discovered in the placers of Yakutia, the Urals, and Brazil. The ballas-like diamond forms include spherocrystals, aggregates with a single crystal core, split crystals, radial multiple twin intergrowths, and globular crystals. The crystal genetic scheme of the evolution of ballas and ballas-like diamonds is a sequence of the morphological types arranged in accordance with the conventional model of the dependence of the mechanism and diamond growth from carbon supersaturation developed by I. Sunagawa. The evolution of the growth forms of ballas and ballas-like diamonds was tracked based on the macrozonal structure of diamonds varying from a flat-faced octahedron to a fibrous cuboid with its transition forms to the radiating crystal aggregates. The morphological diversity of the ballas-like diamonds depends on the level of supersaturation, and abrupt changes of the level of supersaturation engender abrupt changes in a mechanism of crystal growth. The change in the rate of growth under the influence of adsorption and absorption of the mechanic impurities accompanied the sudden appearance of the autodeformation defects in the form of splitting and multiple radial twinning of crystals. The spherical shape of Yakutia ballas-like diamonds is due to the volumetric dissolution that results in the curved-face crystals of the "Urals" or "Brazilian" type associated with ballas diamonds in placers.
DS200712-0585
2007
Kuper, K.E.Kuper, K.E., Zedgenizov, D.A., Ragozin, A.L., Shatsky, V.S., Porosev, V.V., Zolotarev, K.V., Baibchev, IvanovThree dimensional distribution of minerals in Diamondiferous eclogites, obtained by the method of high resolution X-ray computed tomography.Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A., Vol. 575, 1-2, pp. 255-258.TechnologyDiamond genesis
DS201112-0973
2011
Kuper, K.E.Skuzovatov, S.Yu., Zedgenizov, D.A., Shatsky, V.S., Ragozin, A.L., Kuper, K.E.Composition of cloudy Micro inclusions in octahedral diamonds from the Internatsional'naya kimberlite pipe ( Yakutia).Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 52, pp. 85-96.Russia, YakutiaDiamond morphology, inclusions
DS201610-1902
2016
Kuper, K.E.Ragozin, A.L., Zedgenizov, D.A., Kuper, K.E., Shatsky, V.S.Radial mosaic internal structure of rounded diamond crystals from alluvial placers of Siberian platform. EbayakMineralogy and Petrology, in press available 15p.RussiaX-ray topography

Abstract: The specific gray to almost black diamonds of rounded morphology are especially typical in alluvial placers of the northeastern part of the Siberian platform. The results of study of internal structure of these diamonds are presented. X-ray topography and birefringence patterns of polished plates of studied diamonds show their radial mosaic structure. Diamonds consists of slightly misorientated (up to 20?) subindividuals which are combined to mosaic wedge-shaped sectors. Electron back-scatter diffraction technique has demonstrated that subindividuals are often combined in the single large blocks (subgrains). The whole crystals commonly consist of several large subgrains misoriented up to 5° to one another. The total nitrogen content of these diamonds vary in the range 900-3300 ppm and nitrogen aggregation state (NB/(NB + NA)*100) from 25 to 64 %. Rounded diamond crystals of variety V are suggested to have been formed at the high growth rate caused by the high oversaturation of carbon in the crystallization medium. It may result in the splitting of growing crystal and their radial mosaic structure as a sequence. High content of structural nitrogen defects and the great number of mechanical impurities - various mineral and fluid inclusions may also favor to generation of this structure.
DS201806-1241
2018
Kuper, K.E.Ragozin, A.L., Zedgenizov, D.A., Shatsky, V.S., Kuper, K.E.Formation of mosaic diamonds from the Zarnitsa kimberlite.Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 59, pp. 486-498.Russiadeposit - Zarnitsa

Abstract: Mosaic diamonds from the Zarnitsa kimberlite (Daldyn field, Yakutian diamondiferous province) are morphologicaly and structurally similar to dark gray mosaic diamonds of varieties V and VII found frequently in placers of the northeastern Siberian craton. However, although being similar in microstructure, the two groups of diamonds differ in formation mechanism: splitting of crystals in the case of placer diamonds (V and VII) and growth by geometric selection in the Zarnitsa kimberlite diamonds. Selective growth on originally polycrystalline substrates in the latter has produced radial micro structures with grains coarsening rimward from distinctly polycrystalline cores. Besides the formation mechanisms, diamonds of the two groups differ in origin of mineral inclusions, distribution of defects and nitrogen impurity, and carbon isotope composition. Unlike the placer diamonds of varieties V and VII, the analyzed crystals from the Zarnitsa kimberlite enclose peridotitic minerals (olivines and subcalcic Cr-bearing pyropes) and have total nitrogen contents common to natural kimberlitic diamonds (0 to 1761 ppm) and typical mantle carbon isotope compositions (-1.9 to -6.2%c 513C; -4.2%c on average). The distribution of defect centers in the Zarnitsa diamond samples fits the annealing model implying that nitrogen aggregation decreases from core to rim.
DS201911-2556
2019
Kuper, K.E.Ragozin, A., Zedgenizov, D., Kagi, H., Kuper, K.E., Shatsky, V.Deformation features of superdeep diamonds.Goldschmidt2019, 1p. AbstractSouth America, Brazil, Russia, Siberiadeposit - Juina

Abstract: Much of our knowledge of the Earth’s deep interior comes from theoretical models, which are based on the results of experimental petrology and seismology. Diamonds in such models are the unique natural samples because they contain and preserve inclusions of mantle materials that have been entrapped during diamond growth and remained unchanged for long geologic time. In the present study for superdeep sublithospheric diamonds from Saõ-Luiz (Juina, Brazil) and northeastern Siberian Platform with mineral inclusions of the Transition Zone and Lower Mantle (majorite garnet, coesite (stishovite), ferropericlase and Mg-Si-, Ca-Si-, Ca-Ti, Ca-Si- Ti-perovskite), the diffraction of backscattered electrons technique (EBSD) revealed features of the internal structure. Superdeep diamonds are characterized by a defective and imperfect internal structure, which is associated with the processes of growth and post-growth plastic deformation. The deformation is manifested both in the form of stripes parallel to the (111) direction, and in the form of an unordered disorientation of crystal blocks up to 2°. In addition, for many crystals, a block structure was established with a greater disorientation of the sub-individuals, as well as the presence of “diamond-in-diamond” inclusions and microtwins. Additional stresses are often observed around inclusions associated with the high remaining internal pressure. It has previously been shown that the crystal structure of superdeep diamonds is significantly deformed around inclusions of perovskites, SiO2 (stishovite?), and Mg2SiO4 (ringwoodite?). The significant plastic deformations detected by the EBSD around inclusions testify to phase transitions in superdeep minerals (perovskites, stishovite, and ringwoodite) [1].
DS201706-1088
2017
Kupers, S.A.Kupers, S.A., Schmidt, M., Campbell, I.A petrographic and geochemical analysis of the KRVY kimberlite, Lake Timiskaming kimberlite field, Ontario Canada.GSA Annual Meeting, 1p. AbstractCanada, Ontariodeposit - Krvy

Abstract: The Lake Tamiskaming Kimberlite Field, in Ontario, Canada is host to multiple kimberlite pipes, such as the KRVY Kimberlite Pipe, south of Latchford, Ontario. Drill core of this kimberlite pipe, collected by Temex Resources Corporation, confirmed the diamondiferous nature, with microdiamonds being retrieved. Thin sections of the drill core samples suggest the pipe is highly altered through serpentinization. Euhedral to subhedral grains of mica, such as phlogopite and biotite, compose the phenocryst and matrix components of the samples. Electron microprobe analysis will be used to determine the composition of the micas, in order to constrain the origin conditions of these grains, determining if the grains originate from crustal or magmatic components. Micro X-ray Diffraction will determine the mineralogy in the samples. Other likely xenocrystic minerals include quartz, etc. Textural and compositional attributes of the KRVY Kimberlite will be compared to data collected from the approximately twelve known kimberlite pipes within 25 kilometres (15.5 miles) of the specified kimberlite in order to find similarities or patterns. Geochemical analysis will better constrain the formation conditions of this pipe and allow comparison with other surrounding pipes in the Lake Tamiskaming Kimberlite Field.
DS1998-1108
1998
KupriyanovPalyanov, Y.N., Gusev, V.A., Kupriyanov, Borzdov, SokolThe effect of growth rate on formation of nitrogenous defects in diamond7th. Kimberlite Conference abstract, pp. 649-51.RussiaDiamond inclusions, Mineralogy
DS201212-0684
2012
Kupriyanov, I.Sokol, A.G., Kupriyanov, I., Palyanov, Yu., Kruk, A.Water activity in kimberlite magmas: constrains from melting experiments at 6.3 Gpa.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Held Bangalore India Feb. 6-11, Poster abstractRussiaDeposit - Udachnaya
DS2002-0190
2002
Kupriyanov, I.N.Borzdov, Y.M., Palyanov, Y.N., Kupriyanov, I.N.Synthesis and characterisation of diamond from a calcium carbonate graphite system18th. International Mineralogical Association Sept. 1-6, Edinburgh, abstract p.79. (poster)GlobalUHP mineralogy - crystallography
DS200412-1492
2004
Kupriyanov, I.N.Palyanov, Yu.N., Borzdov, Y.M., Kupriyanov, I.N., Sobolev, N.V.Diamond and graphite crystallization from pentlandite melt at HPHT conditions.Lithos, ABSTRACTS only, Vol. 73, p. S82. abstractTechnologyDiamond nucleation
DS200612-1022
2006
Kupriyanov, I.N.Palyanov, Yu.N., Borzdov, Yu.M., Khokhryakov, A.F., Kupriyanov, I.N., Sobolev, N.V.Sulfide melts - graphite interaction at HPHT conditions: implications for diamond genesis.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 250, 1-2, Oct. 15, pp. 269-280.MantleUHP, diamond genesis, carbon
DS200712-0797
2007
Kupriyanov, I.N.Palyanov, Y.N., Borzdov, Yu.M., Bataleva, Yu.V., Sokol, A.G., Palyanova, G.A., Kupriyanov, I.N.Reducing role of sufides and diamond formation in the Earth's mantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 260, 1-2, pp. 242-256.MantleDiamond genesis
DS200712-0798
2007
Kupriyanov, I.N.Palyanov, Y.N., Borzdov, Yu.M., Bataleva, Yu.V., Sokol, A.G., Palyanova, G.A., Kupriyanov, I.N.Reducing role of sufides and diamond formation in the Earth's mantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 260, 1-2, pp. 242-256.MantleDiamond genesis
DS200812-0617
2008
Kupriyanov, I.N.Kupriyanov, I.N., Paynamov, Yu.N., Kalinin, A.A., Sokol, A.G., Khokhryakov, A.F., Gusev, V.A.The effect of HPHT treatment on the spectroscopic features of type IIb synthetic diamonds.Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 17, 7-10, pp. 1203-1206.TechnologyType IIb synthetics
DS201012-0561
2010
Kupriyanov, I.N.Palyanov, Y.N., Borzdov, Y.M., Khokhryakov, A.F.,Kupriyanov, I.N., Sokol, A.G.Effect of nitrogen impurity on diamond crystal growth processes.Crystal Growth & Design, Vol. 10, 6, pp. 3169-3175.TechnologyDiamond morphology
DS201012-0562
2009
Kupriyanov, I.N.Palyanov, Y.N., Kupriyanov, I.N., Borzdov, Y.M., Sokol, A.G., Khokhryakov, A.F.Diamond crystallization from a sulfur - carbon system at HPHT conditions.Crystal Growth & Design, Vol. 9, 6, pp. 2922-2926.TechnologyDiamond synthesis
DS201212-0507
2012
Kupriyanov, I.N.Nadolinny, V.A., Yuryeva,O.P., Rakhmanova, M.I., Shatsky, V.S., Palyanov, Y.N., Kupriyanov, I.N., Zedgenizov, D.A., Ragozin, A.L.Distribution of OK1, N3 and NU1 defects in diamond crystals of different habits.European Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 24, 4, pp. 645-650.TechnologyDiamond morphology
DS201212-0685
2013
Kupriyanov, I.N.Sokol, A.G., Kupriyanov, I.N., Palyanov, Y.N., Kruk, A.N., Sobolev, N.V.Melting experiments on the Udachnaya kimberlite at 6.3-7.5 Gpa: implications for the role of H2O in magma generation and formation of hydrous olivine.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 101, pp. 133-155.RussiaDeposit - Udachnaya
DS201212-0686
2012
Kupriyanov, I.N.Sokol, A.G., Kupriyanov, I.N., Palyanov, Yu.N., Kruk, A.N., Sobolev, N.V.Melting experiments on the Udachnaya kimberlite at 6.3-7.5 Gpa: implications for the role of H2O in magma generation and formation of hydrous olivine.emc2012 @ uni-frankfurt.de, 1p. AbstractRussiaDeposit - Udachnaya
DS201312-0863
2013
Kupriyanov, I.N.Sokol, A.G., Kupriyanov, I.N., Palyanov, Y.N.Partitioning of H2O between olivine and carbonate-silicate melts at 6.30 Gpa and 1400C: implications for kimberlite formation.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 383, pp. 58-67.MantleKimberlite genesis
DS201312-0864
2013
Kupriyanov, I.N.Sokol,A.G.,Kupriyanov, I.N., Palyanov, Y.N., Kruk, A.N., Sobolev, N.V.Melting experiments in the Udachnaya kimberlite at 6.3-7.5 Gpa: implications for the role of H2O in magma generation and formation of hydrous olivine.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 101, Jn. 15, pp. 133-155.RussiaDeposit - Udachnaya
DS201412-0658
2014
Kupriyanov, I.N.Palyanov, Y.N., Bataleva, Y.V., Sokol, A.G., Borzdov, Y.M., Kupriyanov, I.N., Reutsky, V.N., Sobolev, N.V.Mantle slab interaction and redox mechanism of diamond formation.Proceedings of National Academy of Science USA, Vol. 110, 51, Dec. 17, pp.MantleUHP, deep carbon cycle
DS201412-0659
2013
Kupriyanov, I.N.Palyanov, Y.N., Khokhryakov, A.F., Borzdov, Y.M., Kupriyanov, I.N.Diamond growth and morphology under the influence of impurity adsorption.Crystal Growth & Design, Vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 5411-21.TechnologyDiamond morphology
DS201509-0417
2015
Kupriyanov, I.N.Palyanov, Y.N., Borzdov, Y.M., Kupriyanov, I.N., Bataleva, Y.V., Khohkhryakov, A.F.Diamond crystallization from tin-carbon system at HPHT conditions.Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 58, pp. 40-45.TechnologyDiamond synthetics

Abstract: Diamond crystallization from the tin–carbon system has been studied at 7 GPa and temperatures ranging from 1600 to 1900 °C with reaction times from 1 to 20 h. Both diamond growth on the seed crystals and diamond spontaneous nucleation were established, providing evidence for the catalytic ability of tin. A distinctive feature of the Sn–C system is the existence of a significant induction period preceding diamond spontaneous nucleation. Temperature and kinetics are found to be the main factors governing diamond crystallization process. The minimum parameters of diamond spontaneous nucleation are determined to be 7 GPa, 1700 °C and 20 h. The stable form of diamond growth is octahedron and it does not depend on temperature. Synthesized diamonds contain high concentrations of nitrogen impurities up to about 1600 ppm.
DS201608-1431
2016
Kupriyanov, I.N.Palyanov, Y.N., Kupriyanov, I.N., Sokol, A.G., Borzdov, Y.M., Khokhryakov, A.F.Effect of CO2 on crystallization and properties of diamond from ultra-alkaline carbonate melt.Lithos, in press available, 12p.TechnologyDiamond formation

Abstract: An experimental study on diamond crystallization in CO2-rich sodium-carbonate melts has been undertaken at a pressure of 6.3 GPa in the temperature range of 1250-1570 °C and at 7.5 GPa in the temperature range of 1300-1700 °C. Sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4) was used as the starting material, which over the course of the experiment decomposed to form sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide and elemental carbon. The effects of pressure, temperature and dissolved CO2 in the ultra-alkaline carbonate melt on diamond crystallization, morphology, internal structure and defect-and-impurity content of diamond crystals are established. Diamond growth is found to proceed with formation of vicinal structures on the {100} and {111} faces, resulting eventually in the formation of rounded polyhedrons, whose shape is determined by the combination tetragon-trioctahedron, trigon-trioctahedron and cube faces. Spectroscopic studies reveal that the crystallized diamonds are characterized by specific infrared absorption and photoluminescence spectra. The defects responsible for the 1065 cm? 1 band dominating in the IR spectra and the 566 nm optical system dominating in the PL spectra are tentatively assigned to oxygen impurities in diamond.
DS201610-1844
2016
Kupriyanov, I.N.Bataleva, Y.V., Palyanov, Y.N., Borzdov, Y.M., Kupriyanov, I.N., Sokol, A.G.Synthesis of diamonds with mineral, fluid and melt inclusions.Lithos, in press available 12p.TechnologyDiamond inclusions

Abstract: Experiments on the synthesis of inclusions-bearing diamond were performed in the SiO2-((Mg,Ca)CO3-(Fe,Ni)S system at 6.3 GPa and 1650-1750 °C, using a multi-anvil high pressure apparatus of the "split-sphere" type. Diamond synthesis was realized in the "sandwich-type" experiments, where the carbonate-oxide mixture acted as a source of both CO2-dominated fluid and carbonate-silicate melt, and Fe,Ni-sulfide played a role of reducing agent. As a result of redox reactions in the carbonate-oxide-sulfide system, diamond was formed in association with graphite and Mg,Fe-silicates, coexisting with CO2-rich fluid, carbonate-silicate and sulfide melts. The synthesized diamonds are predominantly colorless or light-yellow monocrystals with octahedral habit (20-200 ?m), and polycrystalline aggregates (300-400 ?m). Photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed defects related to nickel impurity (S3 optical centers), which are characteristic of many diamonds in nature. The density of diamond crystallization centers over the entire reaction volume was ~3 × 102-103 cm? 3. The overwhelming majority of diamonds synthesized were inclusions-bearing. According to Raman spectroscopy data, diamond trapped a wide variety of inclusions (both mono- and polyphase), including orthopyroxene, olivine, carbonate-silicate melt, sulfide melt, CO2-fluid, graphite, and diamond. The Raman spectral pattern of carbonate-silicate melt inclusions have bands characteristic of magnesite and orthopyroxene (± SiO2). The spectra of sulfide melt displayed marcasite and pyrrhotite peaks. We found that compositions of sulfide, silicate and carbonate phases are in good agreement not only with diamond crystallization media in experiments, but with data on natural diamond inclusions of peridotitic and eclogitic parageneses. The proposed methodological approach of diamond synthesis can be used for experimental simulation of the formation of several types of mineral, fluid and melt inclusions, observed in natural diamonds.
DS202102-0213
2021
Kupriyanov, I.N.Palyanov, Y.N., Borzdov, Y.M., Sokol, A.G., Btaaleva, Y.V., Kupriyanov, I.N., Reitsky, V.N., Wiedenbeck, M., Sobolev, N.V.Diamond formation in an electric field under deep Earth conditions.Science Advances, Vol. 7, 4, eabb4644 doi: 10.1126/ sciadv.abb4644 28p. PdfMantlegeophysics

Abstract: Most natural diamonds are formed in Earth’s lithospheric mantle; however, the exact mechanisms behind their genesis remain debated. Given the occurrence of electrochemical processes in Earth’s mantle and the high electrical conductivity of mantle melts and fluids, we have developed a model whereby localized electric fields play a central role in diamond formation. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a diamond crystallization mechanism that operates under lithospheric mantle pressure-temperature conditions (6.3 and 7.5 gigapascals; 1300° to 1600°C) through the action of an electric potential applied across carbonate or carbonate-silicate melts. In this process, the carbonate-rich melt acts as both the carbon source and the crystallization medium for diamond, which forms in assemblage with mantle minerals near the cathode. Our results clearly demonstrate that electric fields should be considered a key additional factor influencing diamond crystallization, mantle mineral-forming processes, carbon isotope fractionation, and the global carbon cycle.
DS202201-0030
2021
Kupriyanov, I.N.Palyanovx, Y.N.,, Borzdovi, Y.M., Kupriyanov, I.N., Khohkhryakov, A.F.,, Nechaev, D.V.Rare - earth metal catalysis for high pressure synthesis of rare diamonds.Nature Communications, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88038-5 12p.GlobalREE

Abstract: The combination of the unique properties of diamond and the prospects for its high-technology applications urges the search for new solvents-catalysts for the synthesis of diamonds with rare and unusual properties. Here we report the synthesis of diamond from melts of 15 rare-earth metals (REM) at 7.8 GPa and 1800-2100 °C. The boundary conditions for diamond crystallization and the optimal parameters for single crystal diamond synthesis are determined. Depending on the REM catalyst, diamond crystallizes in the form of cube-octahedrons, octahedrons and specific crystals bound by tetragon-trioctahedron and trigon-trioctahedron faces. The synthesized diamonds are nitrogen-free and belong to the rare type II, indicating that the rare-earth metals act as both solvent-catalysts and nitrogen getters. It is found that the REM catalysts enable synthesis of diamond doped with group IV elements with formation of impurity-vacancy color centers, promising for the emerging quantum technologies. Our study demonstrates a new field of application of rare-earth metals.
DS201312-0523
2013
Kupsch, B.Kupsch, B., Armstrong, J.P.Exploration and geology of the Qilalugaq kimberlites, Rae Isthmus, Nunavut, Canada.Proceedings of the 10th. International Kimberlite Conference, Vol. 2, Special Issue of the Journal of the Geological Society of India,, Vol. 2, pp. 67-78.Canada, NunavutDeposit - Qilalugaq
DS201412-0489
2013
Kupsch, B.Kupsch, B., Armstrong, J.P.Exploration and geology of the Qilalugaq kimberlites, Rae Isthmus, Nunavut, Canada.Proceedings of the 10th. International Kimberlite Conference, Vol. 2, pp. 67-78.Canada, NunavutDeposit - Qilalugaq
DS202201-0015
2021
Kupsch, B.Gao, S., Campbell, K., Flemming, R., Kupsch, B., Armstrong, K.Characterizing zinc-bearing chromite cores in uvarovite garnets from the Pikoo diamondiferous kimberlite field, central eastern Saskatchewan, Canada.GAC/MAC Meeting UWO, 1p. Abstract p. 100.Canada, Saskatchewandeposit - Pikoo

Abstract: Zinc-rich chromite [(Fe,Zn)Cr2O4] is an important repository for chromium (Cr) that has been observed sporadically in kimberlite-bearing deposits worldwide. As another source reservoir for Cr, the green uvarovite garnet [ideally Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3] is the rarest variety among anhydrous garnets. Despite being reported from a wide range of localities, the occurrences of uvarovite are predominately restricted to hydrothermal and metamorphic settings rarely associated with kimberlite. Here, we present a detailed petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical characterization of 71 uvarovite garnets with zinc-bearing chromite cores recovered from the Pikoo Property (central eastern Saskatchewan), which also hosts recently discovered kimberlites proven to be diamondiferous. In this work, euhedral to anhedral unzoned chromite occurs as kernels or cores and, in some cases, as irregular inclusions enclosed by uvarovite mantles. They contain moderate to high Cr [41.63-66.70 wt.% Cr2O3; Cr/(Cr+Al) = 0.64-0.99], Fe2+ (16.71-28.67 wt.% FeO) and Zn (1.64-15.52 wt.% ZnO) contents (Fig. 1), accompanied by an appreciable amount of Mn (0.63-2.32 wt.% MnO). The core with the highest Zn content gave structural formula (Zn0.409Fe2+0.555Mg0.018Mn0.019)1.00(Cr1.174Al0.674Fe3+0.152)2.00O4, which corresponds to Zn-rich chromite with a minor proportion of other end-members (e.g., hercynite, FeAl2O4). The garnets are compositionally zoned and occasionally devoid of inclusions. Formula calculations indicate that they are mainly members of the uvarovite-grossular series (up to 93% mol.% Uv) enriched in Ca (22.99-35.57 wt.% CaO) and Cr (up to 28.10 wt.% Cr2O3), but consistently depleted in Mg (mean = 0.10 wt.% MgO) and Ti (mean = 0.26 wt.% TiO2). Most garnets exhibit a core-rim zoning pattern, whereas the remainder are irregularly zoned and show evidence of resorption. The core to rim trend is characterized by an increase in grossular proportion at the expense of the uvarovite component. Morphological characteristics, textural interrelations, and compositional trends suggest that uvarovite garnet formed through interaction of Zn-rich chromite with late metasomatic (Ca,Al)-enriched hydrothermal fluids capable of precipitating secondary grossular.
DS201212-0388
2012
Kupsch, B.G.Kupsch, B.G., Armstrong, J.P.Exploration and geology of the Qilalugaq kimberlites, Rae Isthmus, Nunavut, Canada.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Held Bangalore India Feb. 6-11, Poster abstractCanada, NunavutDeposit - Qilalugaq
DS202104-0619
2021
Kuptsova, A.V.Zaitsev, A.N., Spratt, J., Shtukenberg, A.G., Zolotarev, A.A., Britvin, S.N., Petrov, S.V., Kuptsova, A.V., Antonov, A.V.Oscillatory- and sector zoned pyrochlore from carbonatites of the Kerimasi volcano, Gregory rift, Tanzania.Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. Pp. 1-22. pdfAfrica, Tanzaniacarbonatite

Abstract: The Quaternary carbonatite-nephelinite Kerimasi volcano is located within the Gregory rift in northern Tanzania. It is composed of nephelinitic and carbonatitic pyroclastic rocks, tuffs, tuff breccias and pyroclastic breccias, which contain blocks of different plutonic (predominantly ijolite) and volcanic (predominantly nephelinite) rocks including carbonatites. The plutonic and volcanic carbonatites both contain calcite as the major mineral with variable amounts of magnetite or magnesioferrite, apatite and forsterite. Carbonatites also contain accessory baddeleyite, kerimasite, pyrochlore and calzirtite. Zr and Nb minerals are rarely observed in rock samples, though they are abundant in eluvial deposits of carbonatite tuff/pyroclastic breccias in the Loluni and Kisete craters. Pyrochlore, ideally (CaNa)Nb 2 O 6 F, occurs as octahedral and cubo-octahedral crystals up to 300 ?m in size. Compositionally, pyrochlore from Loluni and Kisete differs. The former is enriched in U (up to 19.4 wt.% UO 2 ), light rare earth elements (up to 8.3 wt.% LREE 2 O 3 ) and Zr (up to 14.4 wt.% ZrO 2 ), and the latter contains elevated Ti (up to 7.3 wt.% TiO 2 ). All the crystals investigated were crystalline, including those with high U content ( a = 10.4152(1) Å for Loluni and a = 10.3763(1) Å for Kisete crystals). They have little or no subsolidus alteration nor low-temperature cation exchange ( A -site vacancy up to 1.5% of the site), and are suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis ( R 1 = 0.0206 and 0.0290; for all independent reflections for Loluni and Kisete crystals, respectively). Observed variations in the pyrochlore composition, particularly Zr content, from the Loluni and Kisete craters suggest crystallisation from compositionally different carbonatitic melts. The majority of pyrochlore crystals studied exhibit exceptionally well-preserved oscillatory- and sometimes sector-type zoning. The preferential incorporation of smaller and higher charged elements into more geometrically constrained sites on the growing surfaces explains the formation of the sector zoning. The oscillatory zoning can be rationalised by considering convectional instabilities of carbonatite magmas during their emplacement.
DS202109-1496
2021
Kuptsova, A.V.Zaitsev, A.N., Spratt, J., Shtukenberg, A.G., Zolotarev, A.A., Britvin, S.N., Petrov, S.V., Kuptsova, A.V., Antonov, A.V.Oscillatory- and select-zoned pyrochlore from carbonatites of the Kerimasi volcano, Gregory Rift, Tanzania.Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 85, 4, pp. 532-553.Africa, Tanzaniadeposit - Kerimasi

Abstract: The Quaternary carbonatite-nephelinite Kerimasi volcano is located within the Gregory rift in northern Tanzania. It is composed of nephelinitic and carbonatitic pyroclastic rocks, tuffs, tuff breccias and pyroclastic breccias, which contain blocks of different plutonic (predominantly ijolite) and volcanic (predominantly nephelinite) rocks including carbonatites. The plutonic and volcanic carbonatites both contain calcite as the major mineral with variable amounts of magnetite or magnesioferrite, apatite and forsterite. Carbonatites also contain accessory baddeleyite, kerimasite, pyrochlore and calzirtite. Zr and Nb minerals are rarely observed in rock samples, though they are abundant in eluvial deposits of carbonatite tuff/pyroclastic breccias in the Loluni and Kisete craters. Pyrochlore, ideally (CaNa)Nb 2 O 6 F, occurs as octahedral and cubo-octahedral crystals up to 300 ?m in size. Compositionally, pyrochlore from Loluni and Kisete differs. The former is enriched in U (up to 19.4 wt.% UO 2 ), light rare earth elements (up to 8.3 wt.% LREE 2 O 3 ) and Zr (up to 14.4 wt.% ZrO 2 ), and the latter contains elevated Ti (up to 7.3 wt.% TiO 2 ). All the crystals investigated were crystalline, including those with high U content ( a = 10.4152(1) Å for Loluni and a = 10.3763(1) Å for Kisete crystals). They have little or no subsolidus alteration nor low-temperature cation exchange ( A -site vacancy up to 1.5% of the site), and are suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis ( R 1 = 0.0206 and 0.0290; for all independent reflections for Loluni and Kisete crystals, respectively). Observed variations in the pyrochlore composition, particularly Zr content, from the Loluni and Kisete craters suggest crystallisation from compositionally different carbonatitic melts. The majority of pyrochlore crystals studied exhibit exceptionally well-preserved oscillatory- and sometimes sector-type zoning. The preferential incorporation of smaller and higher charged elements into more geometrically constrained sites on the growing surfaces explains the formation of the sector zoning. The oscillatory zoning can be rationalised by considering convectional instabilities of carbonatite magmas during their emplacement.
DS201212-0122
2012
KurasChambers, J.E., Wilkinson, P.B., Wardrop, D., Hameed, A., Hill, L., Jeffrey, C., Loke, Mledrum, Kuras, Cave, GunnBedrock detection beneath river terrace deposits using three dimensional electrical resistivity tomography.Geomorphology, Vol. 177-178, pp. 7-25.TechnologyTomography - not specific to diamonds
DS2002-0933
2002
Kuras, O.Leibecker, J., Getzmeier, A., Honig, M., Kuras, O., Soyer, W.Evidence of electrical anisotropic structures in the lower crust and the upper mantleEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 202, 2, pp. 289-302.EuropeGeophysics - seismics
DS201312-0144
2013
Kuras, O.Chambers, J.E., Wilkinson, P.B., Wrdrop, D., Hameed, A., Hill, I., Jeffrey, C., Loke, M.H., Meldrum, P.I., Kuras, O., Cave, M., Gunn, D.A.Bedrock detection beneath river terrace deposits using three dimensional electrical resistivity tomography.Geomorphology, Vol. 177-178, pp. 17-25.GlobalGeochronology
DS2002-0873
2002
KuratKononova, V.A., Kurat, Embey-Isztin, Pervov, KoeberlGeochemistry of metasomatised spinel peridotite xenoliths from the Darigana Plateau, southeast MongoliaMineralogy and Petrology, Vol.75,1-2,pp. 1-21.MongoliaXenoliths
DS1970-0334
1971
Kurat, G.Kurat, G.Granet Spinell Websterit und Lherzolith Aus Dem Basalttuff Von Kapfenstein Steirmark.Tsermak. Mitt., Vol. 16, No. 4, PP. 192-214.South AfricaLherzolite, Mineralogy
DS1985-0316
1985
Kurat, G.Jovanovic, L., Ntaflos, TH., Kurat, G.Petrology of Some Ultramafic Xenoliths from the Kimberlites of Yakutia.Terra Cognita., Vol. 5, No. 4, AUTUMN, P. 442. (abstract.).Russia, YakutiaPetrology, Mir, Udacnaya, Obnazenaya, Dama, Lesotho
DS1991-0940
1991
Kurat, G.Kurat, G., Embeyisz.., A., Kracher, A., Scharber, H.G.The upper mantle beneath Kapenstein and the Transdanubian volcanic E. Austria and W. Hungary - a comparisonMineral. Petrol, Vol. 44, No. 1-2, pp. 21-38Austria, HungaryMantle, Volcanics
DS1993-0864
1993
Kurat, G.Kurat, G., et al.MicrometeoritesRussian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 34, No. 12, pp. 132-147.GlobalMeteorites
DS1993-1355
1993
Kurat, G.Ryabchikov, I.D., Kogarko, L.N., Kurat, G.Metallic alloys in upper mantle peridotites from Cape Verde IslandsTerra Abstracts, IAGOD International Symposium on mineralization related to mafic, Vol. 5, No. 3, abstract supplement p. 46.GlobalMantle, Peridotites
DS1997-1199
1997
Kurat, G.Varela, M.E., Bjerg, E.A., Kurat, G.Fluid inclusions in upper mantle xenoliths from Northern Patagonia:evidence for an upper mantle diapirMineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 60, No. 3-4, pp.145-164.ArgentinaMantle, Xenoliths
DS2000-0547
2000
Kurat, G.Kurat, G., Dobosi, G.Garnet and diopside bearing diamondites ( framesites)Mineralogy and Petrology., Vol. 69, No. 3-4, pp. 143-60.GlobalMineralogy - bort
DS2001-0617
2001
Kurat, G.Kogarko, L.N., Kurat, G., Ntaflos, T.Carbonate metasomatism of the oceanic mantle beneath Fernando de Noronha Island, Brasil.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 140, No. 5, pp. 577-87.BrazilMetasomatism
DS2002-0387
2002
Kurat, G.Dobosi, G., Kurat, G.Trace element abundances in garnets and clinopyroxenes from diamondites - a signature of carbonatitic fluids.Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 76, 1-2, pp.21-38.GlobalMineral chemistry
DS2002-0388
2002
Kurat, G.Dobosi, G., Kurat, G.Trace element abundances in garnets and clinopyroxenes from diamondites - a signature of carbonatitic fluids.Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 76, No. 1-2, pp. 21-38.GlobalPetrology, Carbonatite
DS2002-0874
2002
Kurat, G.Kononova, V.A., Kurat, G., Embey Isztin, A., Pervov ...Geochemistry of metasomatised spinel peridotite xenoliths from the Dariganga PlateauMineralogy and Petrology, Vol.75,1-2,pp.1-22., Vol.75,1-2,pp.1-22.Mongolia, southeastXenoliths
DS2002-0875
2002
Kurat, G.Kononova, V.A., Kurat, G., Embey Isztin, A., Pervov ...Geochemistry of metasomatised spinel peridotite xenoliths from the Dariganga PlateauMineralogy and Petrology, Vol.75,1-2,pp.1-22., Vol.75,1-2,pp.1-22.Mongolia, southeastXenoliths
DS200412-1234
2004
Kurat, G.Maruoka, T., Kurat, G., Dobosi, G., Koeberl, C.Isotopic composition of carbon in diamonds of diamondites: record of mass fractionation in the mantle.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol.68, 7, pp. 1635-1644.MantleGeochronology
DS200512-0554
2004
Kurat, G.Kogarko, L.N., Kurat, G., Ntaflos, T.Carbonate metasomatism of the oceanic mantle beneath Fernando de Noronha Island, Brazil.Deep seated magmatism, its sources and their relation to plume processes., pp. 29-47.South America, BrazilMetasomatism
DS200612-0501
2006
Kurat, G.Griffin, W.L., Rege, S., O'Reilly, S.Y., Jackson, S.E., Pearson, N.J., Zedgenizov, D., Kurat, G.Trace element patterns of diamond: toward a unified genetic model.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 70, 18, p. 218. abstract only.TechnologyDiamond genesis geochemistry
DS200612-0826
2005
Kurat, G.Litvin, Y.A., Kurat, G., Dobosi, G.Experimental study of diamondite formation in carbonate silicate melts: a model approach to natural processes.Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 46, 12, pp. 1285-1299.TechnologyModeling - diamondite
DS200712-0556
2007
Kurat, G.Kogarko, L.N., Kurat, G., Ntaflos, T.Henrymeyerite in the metasomatized upper mantle of eastern Antarctica.The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 45, 3, pp. 497-501.AntarcticaMetasomatism
DS200712-0557
2007
Kurat, G.Kogarko, L.N., Kurat, G., Ntaflos, T.Henrymeyerite in the metasomatized upper mantle of eastern Antarctica.The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 45, 3, pp. 497-501.AntarcticaMetasomatism
DS200812-0945
2008
Kurat, G.Rege, S., Griffin, W.L., Kurat, G., Jackson, S.E., Pearson, N.J., OReilly, S.Y.Trace element geochemistry of diamondite: crystallization of diamond from kimberlite carbonatite melts.Lithos, Vol. 106, 1-2, pp. 39-54.TechnologyDiamondite
DS201012-0158
2010
Kurat, G.Dobosi, G., Kurat, G.On the origin of silicate bearing diamondites.Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 99, 1-2, pp. 29-42.TechnologyBort, aggregates, diamondites
DS201012-0496
2010
Kurat, G.Mikhail, S., Dobosi, G., Verchovsky, S., Jones, A., Kurat, G.Organic looking carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions in mantle derived diamondites: mantle fractionation vs reworked crustal organics?International Mineralogical Association meeting August Budapest, abstract p. 185.Africa, southern AfricaDiamondites
DS201312-0602
2013
Kurat, G.Mikhail, S., Dobosi, G., Verchovsky, A.B., Kurat, G., Jones, A.P.Peridotitic and websteritic diamondites provide new information regarding mantle melting and metasomatism induced through the subduction of crustal volatiles.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 107, Apr. 15, pp. 1-11.MantleDiamondites
DS201112-0561
2011
Kurbatov, A.V.Kurbatov, A.V., Mayewski, P.A., Steffensen, J.P., West, A., Kennett, Bunch, Handley, Introne, Shane, Mercer etcDiscovery of a nanodiamond rich layer in the Greenland ice sheet.Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 56, no. 199, pp. 747-757.Europe, GreenlandGeomorphology
DS200612-0146
2005
Kurbatov, K.K.Bokalo, S.P., Kurbatov, K.K., Bescrovanov, V.V.Typomorphic pecularities of giant Yakutian diamonds. **** in RussianMineralogical Museums Symposium, St. Petersburg, Russia, *** RUSSIAN, pp. 333-334. abstract desc @alrosa.mir.ruRussiaDeposit - Mir
DS200712-1014
2006
Kurbatov, K.K.Solodova, Y.P., Sedova, E.A., Samosorov, G.G., Kurbatov, K.K.Comparative investigation of diamonds from various pipes in the Malaya Botuobiya and Daldyn Alakit areas, Siberia.Gems & Gemology, 4th International Symposium abstracts, Fall 2006, p.141-2. abstract onlyRussiaDiamond morphology
DS1985-0648
1985
Kurbatove, G.S.Subotin, V.V., Kirnarskii, YU.M., Kurbatove, G.S., Strelnikova.Material composition of apatite bearing rocks of the central zone of the Seblyavr Massif.(Russian)Petrol. Mineral. Shchelochnykh., (Russian), Akad. Nauk SSSR, pp. 61-69RussiaCarbonatite
DS1985-0375
1985
Kurdyumov, A.V.Kurdyumov, A.V., Ostrovskaya, N.F., Golubev, A.S.Mechanism of formation of lonsdaleite and its stability and real structure( a review)Soviet Journal of Superhard Material, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 21-31GlobalDiamond Morphology
DS1987-0387
1987
Kurdyumov, A.V.Kurdyumov, A.V., Borimchuk, N.I.Transformation mechanism of rhombohedral graphite into diamond. (Russian)Doklady Academy of Sciences Akademy Nauk SSSR, (Russian), Vol. 297, No. 3, pp. 602-604RussiaBlank
DS2000-0886
2000
KurenkovShatskii, V.S., Simonov, Jagoutz, Kozmenko, KurenkovNew dat a on the age of eclogites from the Polar UralsDoklady Academy of Sciences, Vol. 371a, No. 3, Mar-Apr. pp. 534-8.Russia, UralsEclogites, Geochronology
DS1986-0468
1986
Kurenkov, S.A.Kurenkov, S.A.Meimechite complexes of the dyke in dyke type in the Cullinskypluton.(Russian)Doklady Academy of Sciences Nauk. SSSR, (Russian), Vol. 290, No. 2, pp. 421-424RussiaDyke, Meimechite
DS1986-0469
1986
Kurenkov, S.A.Kurenkov, S.A.Meimechite complexes of the dike in dike type within the Guli plutonInternational Geology Review, Vol. 28, No. 8, August pp. 965-968RussiaUltrabasic pluton
DS1998-1353
1998
Kurenkov, S.A.Simonov, V.A., Kurenkov, S.A., Stupakov, S.I.Boninite series in the paleospreading complexes of the Polar UralsDoklady Academy of Sciences, Vol. 361, No. 5, pp. 681-4.Russia, UralsBoninites
DS2003-0761
2003
Kurenkov, S.A.Kurenkov, S.A.A new step in the study of fundamental problems of general tectonicsGeotectonics, Vol. 37, 1, pp. 71-72.GlobalTectonics
DS200512-0591
2005
Kurepin, V.A.Kurepin, V.A.A thermodynamic model of Fe Cr spinels.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 149, 5, pp. 591-599.TechnologyGeothermometry
DS1980-0206
1980
Kurien, T.K.Kurien, T.K.Diamond, 1980India Geological Survey Bulletin., No. 44, PP. 13-14. PP. 109-115.India, Andhra PradeshDiamond Occurrences, Dharwar Schists
DS1950-0407
1958
Kurileya, N.A.Kurileya, N.A.Petrography of Siberian KimberlitesZap. Vses. Miner. Obshch., Vol. 87, No. 2RussiaBlank
DS200412-0997
2004
Kurilko, A.S.Khokholov, Y.A., Kurilko, A.S.Heat exchange of rock and filling masses in kimberlite mining.Journal of Mining Science, Vol. 40, 1, pp. 31-36. klu/jomi/2004/ 00000040 /00000001/RussiaMining
DS200512-0527
2004
Kurilko, A.S.Khokholov, Yu.A., Kurilko, A.S.Heat exchange of rock and filling masses in kimberlite mining.Journal of Mining Science, Vol. 40, 1, pp. 31-36.RussiaMining - kriolite zone, thawing
DS200512-0592
2005
Kurilko, A.S.Kurilko, A.S., Novopashin, M.D.Features of low temperature effect upon strength of enclosing rock and kimberlite in the Udachnaya pipe.Journal of Mining Science, Vol. 41, 2, pp. 119-22.RussiaMining - water interaction
DS201412-1020
2014
Kurilko, A.S.Zakharov, E.V., Kurilko, A.S.Local minimum of energy consumption in hard rock failure in negative temperature range.Journal of Mining Science, Vol. 50, 2, pp. 284-287.RussiaDeposit - Udachnaya, Internationalskaya
DS1987-0388
1987
Kurilo, M.V.Kurilo, M.V., Dobryanskii, L.A.Geochemical anomalies in the suite of diamond bearing rocks Of the DonetsBasinDoklady Academy of Sciences Nauk SSR, Ser. B., (Russian), No. 4, pp. 13-16RussiaBlank
DS1987-0389
1987
Kurilo, M.V.Kurilo, M.V., Dobryanskiy, L.A.Geochemical anomalies in the diamond suite of rocks of theDonetsBasin.(Russian)Dopov. Akad. Nauk UKR. Ser. B. (Russian), Vol. 1987, No. 4 April pp. 12-15RussiaDneiper-Donets Basin
DS1986-0187
1986
Kurilov, M.V.Dobryanskii, L.A., Kurilov, M.V., Boreiko, L.G., Zakharov, E.P.Characteristics of the distribution of trace elements in Rocks of the diamond bearing suite of the Chistyakovo Snezhnaya trough of the DonetsBasin.(Russian)Dopov. Akad. Nauk UKR. RSR Ser. B., Geokl. Khim. Biol., (Russian), No. 3, pp. 5-8RussiaBlank
DS200712-0586
2007
Kurin, R.Kurin, R.Hope Diamond: the legendary history of a cursed gem.Gems & Gemology, Vol. 43, 1, spring-summer, book review p. 84.Book - Hope diamond
DS201907-1556
2019
Kurinsky, N.Kurinsky, N., Yu, C., Hochberg, Y., Cabrera, B.Diamond detectors for direct detection of sub-GeV dark matter.Physical Review, Vol. 99, June 15, 123005Spacediamond morphology

Abstract: We propose to use high-purity lab-grown diamond for the detection of sub-GeV dark matter. Diamond targets can be sensitive to both nuclear and electron recoils from dark matter scattering in the MeV and above mass range, as well as to absorption processes of dark matter with masses between sub-eV to 10's of eV. Compared to other proposed semiconducting targets such as germanium and silicon, diamond detectors can probe lower dark matter masses via nuclear recoils due to the lightness of the carbon nucleus. The expected reach for electron recoils is comparable to that of germanium and silicon, with the advantage that dark counts are expected to be under better control. Via absorption processes, unconstrained QCD axion parameter space can be successfully probed in diamond for masses of order 10 eV, further demonstrating the power of our approach.
DS2003-0621
2003
Kurio, A.Irifune, T., Kurio, A., Sakamoto, S., Inoue, T., Suiniya, H.Ultrahard polycrystalline diamond from graphite. CorrectionNature, No. 6923, Feb. 6, p. 599. also No. 6925, p. 806 Feb 20GlobalDiamond synthesis
DS201012-0311
2010
Kurio, A.Irifune, T., Isobe, F., Shinmei, T., Sanchira, T., Ohfuji, H., Kurio, A., Sumiya, H.Synthesis of ultrahard nano-polycrystalline diamond at high pressure and temperature using a large volume multianvil apparatus.International Mineralogical Association meeting August Budapest, abstract p. 182.TechnologyDiamond synthesis
DS2000-0541
2000
Kurita, K.Kuamgai, I., Kurita, K.On the fate of mantle plumes at density interfacesEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 179, No. 1, June 15, pp.63-72.MantlePlumes, Zones
DS2001-0823
2001
Kurita, K.Namiki, A., Kurita, K.The influence of boundary heterogeneity in experimental models of mantle convection with internal heat sources.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 128, No. 1-4, Dec. 10, pp. 195-205.MantleGeothermometry, convection, heat
DS2003-0998
2003
Kurita, K.Namiki, A., Kurita, K.Heat transfer and interfacial temperature of two layered convection: implications for theGeophysical Research Letters, Vol. 30, 1, Jan. 10.1029/2002GLO015809MantleGeothermometry
DS200412-1404
2003
Kurita, K.Namiki, A., Kurita, K.Heat transfer and interfacial temperature of two layered convection: implications for the D'mantle coupling.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 30, 1, Jan. 10.1029/2002 GLO015809MantleGeothermometry
DS200712-0584
2007
Kurita, K.Kumagi, I., Davaille, A., Kurita, K.On the fate of thermally bouyant mantle plumes at density interfaces.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 254, 1-2, Feb. 15, pp. 180-193.MantleHotspots
DS1999-0501
1999
Kuritak, A.Namiki, A., Kuritak, A.Influence of boundary heterogeneity in experimental models of mantleconvection.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 26, No. 13, July 1, pp. 1929-32.MantleConvection
DS1983-0106
1983
Kuritsyn, L.I.Arens, V.Z., Kuritsyn, L.I., Lokhova, T.D.Study of the Scope for Chemical Softening of KimberlitesSoviet Mining, Vol. 19, No. 6, PP. 528-531.RussiaBlank
DS1999-0384
1999
Kurlenya, M.V.Kurlenya, M.V., Izakson, V.Yu., Vlasov, V.N.Continuous spiral mining of kimberlite deposits by powered complexes in ascending order.Journal of Mining Science, Vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 621-GlobalMineral processing, mining
DS201112-0729
2011
Kurnosov, A.Naygina, O., Dubrovinsky, L.S., McCammon, C.A., Kurnosov, A., Kantor, I.Y., Prakapenka, V.B., Dubrovinskaia, N.A.X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy study of fcc iron hydride FeH at high pressures and implications for the composition of the Earth's core.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 307, 3-4, pp. 409-414.MantleHydrogen budget
DS201112-0767
2011
Kurnosov, A.Pamato, M.G., Boffa Ballaran, T., Frost, D.J., Kurnosov, A., Trots, D.M.The elasticity of hydrous minerals in the lower mantle.Goldschmidt Conference 2011, abstract p.1591.MantleWater recycling
DS201610-1893
2016
Kurnosov, A.Pamato, M.G., Kurnosov, A., Boffa Ballaran, T., Frost, D.J., Ziberna, L., Gianni, M., Speziale, S., Tkachev, S.N., Zhuravlev, K.K., Prakapenka, V.B.Single crystal elasticity of majoritic garnets: stagnant slabs and thermal anomalies at the base of the transition zone.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 451, pp. 114-124.MantleSubduction

Abstract: The elastic properties of two single crystals of majoritic garnet (Mg3.24Al1.53Si3.23O12 and Mg3.01Fe0.17Al1.68Si3.15O12), have been measured using simultaneously single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Brillouin spectroscopy in an externally heated diamond anvil cell with Ne as pressure transmitting medium at conditions up to ?30 GPa and ?600 K. This combination of techniques makes it possible to use the bulk modulus and unit-cell volume at each condition to calculate the absolute pressure, independently of secondary pressure calibrants. Substitution of the majorite component into pyrope garnet lowers both the bulk (KsKs) and shear modulus (G ). The substitution of Fe was found to cause a small but resolvable increase in KsKs that was accompanied by a decrease in ?Ks/?P?Ks/?P, the first pressure derivative of the bulk modulus. Fe substitution had no influence on either the shear modulus or its pressure derivative. The obtained elasticity data were used to derive a thermo-elastic model to describe VsVs and VpVp of complex garnet solid solutions. Using further elasticity data from the literature and thermodynamic models for mantle phase relations, velocities for mafic, harzburgitic and lherzolitic bulk compositions at the base of Earth's transition zone were calculated. The results show that VsVs predicted by seismic reference models are faster than those calculated for all three types of lithologies along a typical mantle adiabat within the bottom 150 km of the transition zone. The anomalously fast seismic shear velocities might be explained if laterally extensive sections of subducted harzburgite-rich slabs pile up at the base of the transition zone and lower average mantle temperatures within this depth range.
DS201809-2083
2018
Kurnosov, A.Schulze, K., Marquardt, H., Kawazoe, T., Boallaran, T.B., McCammon, C., Koch-Muller, M., Kurnosov, A., Marquardt, K.Seismically invisable water in Earth's transition zone?Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 498, pp. 9-16.Mantlewater

Abstract: Ringwoodite, the dominant mineral at depths between 520 km and 660 km, can store up to 2-3 wt.% of water in its crystal structure, making the Earth's transition zone a plausible water reservoir that plays a central role in Earth's deep water cycle. Experiments show that hydration of ringwoodite significantly reduces elastic wave velocities at room pressure, but the effect of pressure remains poorly constrained. Here, a novel experimental setup enables a direct quantification of the effect of hydration on ringwoodite single-crystal elasticity and density at pressures of the Earth's transition zone and high temperatures. Our data show that the hydration-induced reduction of seismic velocities almost vanishes at conditions of the transition zone. Seismic data thus agree with a wide range of water contents in the transition zone.
DS202009-1635
2020
Kurnosov, A.Koemets, I., Satta, N., Marquardt, H., Kiseeva, E.S., Kurnosov, A., Stachel, T., Harris, J.W., Dubrovinsky, L.Elastic properties of majorite garnet inclusions in diamonds and the seismic signature of pyroxenites in the Earth's upper mantle.American Mineralogist, Vol. 105, pp. 984-991. pdfMantlediamond inclusions

Abstract: Majoritic garnet has been predicted to be a major component of peridotite and eclogite in Earth's deep upper mantle (>250 km) and transition zone. The investigation of mineral inclusions in diamond confirms this prediction, but there is reported evidence of other majorite-bearing lithologies, intermediate between peridotitic and eclogitic, present in the mantle transition zone. If these lithologies are derived from olivine-free pyroxenites, then at mantle transition zone pressures majorite may form monomineralic or almost monomineralic garnetite layers. Since majoritic garnet is presumably the seismically fastest major phase in the lowermost upper mantle, the existence of such majorite layers might produce a detectable seismic signature. However, a test of this hypothesis is hampered by the absence of sound wave velocity measurements of majoritic garnets with relevant chemical compositions, since previous measurements have been mostly limited to synthetic majorite samples with relatively simple compositions. In an attempt to evaluate the seismic signature of a pyroxenitic garnet layer, we measured the sound wave velocities of three natural majoritic garnet inclusions in diamond by Brillouin spectroscopy at ambient conditions. The chosen natural garnets derive from depths between 220 and 470 km and are plausible candidates to have formed at the interface between peridotite and carbonated eclogite. They contain elevated amounts (12-30%) of ferric iron, possibly produced during redox reactions that form diamond from carbonate. Based on our data, we model the velocity and seismic impedance contrasts between a possible pyroxenitic garnet layer and the surrounding peridotitic mantle. For a mineral assemblage that would be stable at a depth of 350 km, the median formation depth of our samples, we found velocities in pyroxenite at ambient conditions to be higher by 1.9(6)% for shear waves and 3.3(5)% for compressional waves compared to peridotite (numbers in parentheses refer to uncertainties in the last given digit), and by 1.3(13)% for shear waves and 2.4(10)% for compressional waves compared to eclogite. As a result of increased density in the pyroxenitic layer, expected seismic impedance contrasts across the interface between the monomineralic majorite layer and the adjacent rocks are about 5-6% at the majorite-eclogite-interface and 10-12% at the majoriteperidotite-boundary. Given a large enough thickness of the garnetite layer, velocity and impedance differences of this magnitude could become seismologically detectable.
DS202204-0523
2022
Kurnosov, A.Immoor, J., Miyagi, L., Liermann, H-P., Speziale, S., Schulkze, K., Buchen, J., Kurnosov, A., Marquardt, H.Weak cubic CaSi0s perovskite in the Earth's mantle.Nature , Vol. 603, pp. 276-279. 10.1038/s41586-021-04378-2Mantleperovskite

Abstract: Cubic CaSiO3 perovskite is a major phase in subducted oceanic crust, where it forms at a depth of about 550 kilometres from majoritic garnet1,2,28. However, its rheological properties at temperatures and pressures typical of the lower mantle are poorly known. Here we measured the plastic strength of cubic CaSiO3 perovskite at pressure and temperature conditions typical for a subducting slab up to a depth of about 1,200 kilometres. In contrast to tetragonal CaSiO3, previously investigated at room temperature3,4, we find that cubic CaSiO3 perovskite is a comparably weak phase at the temperatures of the lower mantle. We find that its strength and viscosity are substantially lower than that of bridgmanite and ferropericlase, possibly making cubic CaSiO3 perovskite the weakest lower-mantle phase. Our findings suggest that cubic CaSiO3 perovskite governs the dynamics of subducting slabs. Weak CaSiO3 perovskite further provides a mechanism to separate subducted oceanic crust from the underlying mantle. Depending on the depth of the separation, basaltic crust could accumulate at the boundary between the upper and lower mantle, where cubic CaSiO3 perovskite may contribute to the seismically observed regions of low shear-wave velocities in the uppermost lower mantle5,6, or sink to the core-mantle boundary and explain the seismic anomalies associated with large low-shear-velocity provinces beneath Africa and the Pacific7-9.
DS1975-0121
1975
Kuroda, Y.Kuroda, Y., Suzuoki, T., Matsuo, S., Aoki, K.I.D/h Ratios of the Coexisting Phlogopite Richterite from Mica Nodules and a Peridotite in South African Kimberlites.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 52, No. 4, PP. 315-318.South AfricaMineral Chemistry, Hydrogen
DS200612-0389
2005
Kuroedov, A.V.Fedorov, H., Chepurov, A.I., Chepurov, A.A., Kuroedov, A.V.Estimation of the rate of post crystallization self-purification of diamond from metal inclusions in the Earth's mantle.Geochemistry International, Vol. 43, 12, pp. 1235-1239.MantleDiamond inclusions
DS2001-1234
2001
KurosawaWiesli, R.A., Taylor, L., Valley, Tromsdorff, KurosawaGeochemistry of eclogites and metapelites from Trescolmen: as observed from major and trace elements..International Geology Review, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 95-119.AlpsEcolgites, Geochemistry
DS1990-0893
1990
Kurosawa, M.Kurosawa, M., Yurimoto, H., Sueno, S.Hydrogen distribution in San Carlos olivine #2International Mineralogical Association Meeting Held June, 1990 Beijing, Vol. 2, extended abstract p. 808-810CaliforniaPetrology, Olivines
DS1990-0894
1990
Kurosawa, M.Kurosawa, M., Yurimoto, H., Sueno, S., Matsumoto, K.Hydrogen distribution in San Carlos olivine #1Eos, Vol. 71, No. 28, July 10, p. 903. AbstractNew MexicoMantle, San Carlos olivine
DS201212-0078
2012
Kurosov, A.Boffa Ballaran, T., Kurosov, A., Glazyrin, K., Frost, D.J., Merlini, M., Hanfland, M., Caracas, R.Effect of chemistry on the compressibility of silicate perovskite in the lower mantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 333-334, pp. 181-190.MantlePerovskite
DS1989-0994
1989
Kurram, M.Z.A.K.Mdahavan, V., Kurram, M.Z.A.K.The alkaline gneisses of Khariar, Kalahandi District, OrissaGeological Society of India, Memoir, Editor C. LeelanandaM., No. 15, pp. 265-290IndiaAlkaline rocks, Malignite, shonkinite
DS200912-0684
2009
Kurslaukis, S.Seghedi, I., Maicher, D., Kurslaukis, S.Volcanology of Tuzo pipe ( Gahcho Kue cluster) root diatreme processes re-interpreted.Lithos, In press available 37p.Canada, Northwest TerritoriesDeposit - Gahcho Kue
DS1990-0895
1990
Kursten, M.Kursten, M.Raw materials for new technologies. Proceedings Fifth International Symposium held in 1988E. Schweizerbartsche Verlag, 758p. approx. $ 40.00GlobalGold, precious metals, New technology
DS1992-1648
1992
Kursten, M.Wellmer, F.W., Kursten, M.International perspective on mineral resourcesEpisodes, Vol. 15, No. 3, September pp. 182-194GlobalEconomics, Mineral resources, present supply, trends, future outlook
DS1995-1041
1995
Kurszlaukis, S.Kurszlaukis, S., Franz, L., Brey, G., Smith, C.B.Geochemistry and evolution of the ultrabasic blue hills intrusive Namibia.Proceedings of the Sixth International Kimberlite Conference Abstracts, pp. 308-310.NamibiaGeochemistry, carbonatite, Blue Hills Complex
DS1997-0694
1997
Kurszlaukis, S.Lorenz, V., Kurszlaukis, S.On the last explosions of carbonatite pipe G3b Gross Brukkaros, NamibiaBulletin. Volcanology, Vol. 59, pp. 1-9.NamibiaCarbonatite, Diatreme, phreatomagmatism, root zone
DS1998-0818
1998
Kurszlaukis, S.Kurszlaukis, S., Buttner, R., Zimanowski, B., LorenzOn the first experimental phreatomagmatic explosion of a kimberlite meltJournal of Vol. Geotherm. Res., Vol. 80, pp. 323-326.Namibiavolcanism - explosive, deposit - Gibeon field
DS1998-0819
1998
Kurszlaukis, S.Kurszlaukis, S., Lorenz, V., Zimanowski, V., Buttner, R.Experiments on explosive interaction of molten kimberlite with injectedwater.7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 483-5.NamibiaKimberlite magma, phreatomagmatic, Deposit - Hanaus 2, Gibeon Province
DS1999-0385
1999
Kurszlaukis, S.Kurszlaukis, S., Franz, L., Brey, G.P.The Blue Hills intrusive complex in southern Namibia - relationships between carbonatites and monticellite...Chemical Geology, Vol 160, No. 1-2, July 29, pp. 1-18.NamibiaCarbonatite, Picrites
DS1999-0421
1999
Kurszlaukis, S.Lorenz, V., Zimanowski, B., Buttner, R., Kurszlaukis, S.Formation of kimberlite diatremes by explosive interaction of kimberlite magma with groundwater:7th International Kimberlite Conference Nixon, Vol. 2, pp. 522-28.Namibia, TanzaniaPetrology - experimental, Fluidization, phreatomagmatisM.
DS2001-0112
2001
Kurszlaukis, S.Bizarro, M., Simonetti, A., Kurszlaukis, S., StevensonStrontium isotopic compositions of apatite and calcite from carbonatites (Sarfartoq region) using la Mc ICP MSGeological Association of Canada (GAC) Annual Meeting Abstracts, Vol. 26, p.14, abstract.GreenlandMantle process - insights, Carbonatite
DS2003-0577
2003
Kurszlaukis, S.Henning, A., Kiviets, G., Kurszlaukis, S., Barton, E., Mayaga-Mikolo, F.Early Proterozoic metamorphosed kimberlites from Gabon8 Ikc Www.venuewest.com/8ikc/program.htm, Session 7, AbstractGabonKimberlite petrogenesis
DS2003-0762
2003
Kurszlaukis, S.Kurszlaukis, S., Barnett, W.Volcanological and structural aspects of the Venetia kimberlite cluster8 Ikc Www.venuewest.com/8ikc/program.htm, Session 1, AbstractSouth Africa, ZimbabweGeology, economics, Volcanism
DS2003-0842
2003
Kurszlaukis, S.Lorenz, V., Kurszlaukis, S.Kimberlite pipes: the way they grow and implications for diamind exploration8ikc, Www.venuewest.com/8ikc/program.htm, Session 1 POSTER abstractGlobalKimberlite geology and economics, Pipe emplacement
DS2003-0864
2003
Kurszlaukis, S.Mahotkin, I.L., Robey, J., Kurszlaukis, S., Valuev, E.P., Pylaev, N.F.Pipe emplacement model of the Lomonosov diamond deposit, Arkangelsk region, NW8 Ikc Www.venuewest.com/8ikc/program.htm, Session 1, AbstractRussiaGeology, economics, Deposit - Lomonosov
DS200412-0818
2003
Kurszlaukis, S.Henning, A., Kiviets, G., Kurszlaukis, S., Barton, E., Mayaga-Mikolo, F.Early Proterozoic metamorphosed kimberlites from Gabon.8 IKC Program, Session 7, AbstractAfrica, GabonKimberlite petrogenesis
DS200412-1070
2003
Kurszlaukis, S.Kurszlaukis, S., Barnett, W.Volcanological and structural aspects of the Venetia kimberlite cluster.8 IKC Program, Session 1, AbstractAfrica, South Africa, ZimbabweGeology, economics Volcanism
DS200412-1071
2003
Kurszlaukis, S.Kurszlaukis, S., Barnett, W.P.Volcanological and structural aspects of the Venetia kimberlite cluster - a case study of South African kimberlite maar diatremeSouth African Journal of Geology, Vol. 106, 2-3, pp. 165-192.Africa, South AfricaDeposit - Venetia, structure, volcanism
DS200412-1203
2003
Kurszlaukis, S.Mahotkin, I.L., Robey, J., Kurszlaukis, S., Valuev, E.P., Pylaev, N.F.Pipe emplacement model of the Lomonosov diamond deposit, Arkangelsk region, NW Russia.8 IKC Program, Session 1, AbstractRussiaGeology, economics Deposit - Lomonosov
DS200512-0593
2005
Kurszlaukis, S.Kurszlaukis, S., Walker, E.C., Stachel, T.Deep mantle derived diamond bearing Archean volcanogenic rocks from Wawa Ontario.GAC Annual Meeting Halifax May 15-19, Abstract 1p.Canada, Ontario, WawaDeeper mantle sources
DS200512-1038
2004
Kurszlaukis, S.Stachel, T., Blackburn, L., Kurszlaukis, S., Barton, E., Walker, E.C.Diamonds from the Cristal and genesis volcanics, Wawa Ontario.32nd Yellowknife Geoscience Forum, Nov. 16-18, p.74-75. (talk)Canada, Ontario, WawaDiamond inclusions
DS200612-0750
2006
Kurszlaukis, S.Kurszlaukis, S., Lorenz, V.Root zone and pipe growth processes in the phreatomagmatic process chain.Emplacement Workshop held September, 5p. extended abstractGlobalModel - phreatomagmatic
DS200612-0751
2006
Kurszlaukis, S.Kurszlaukis, S., Lorenz, V.An alternative explanation for South African style tuffisitic kimberlites.Emplacement Workshop held September, 5p. extended abstractAfrica, South AfricaModel - phreatomagmatic
DS200612-0752
2006
Kurszlaukis, S.Kurszlaukis, S., Mahotkin,I., Rotman, A.Y.,Kolesnikov, G.V., Makovchuk, I.V.Syn and post eruptive volcanic processes in the Yubileinaya kimberlite pipe, Yakutia,Emplacement Workshop held September, 5p. extended abstractRussia, YakutiaDeposit - Yubileinya , petrology
DS200612-0789
2006
Kurszlaukis, S.Lefebrve, N., Kurszlaukis, S.Contrasting eruptive styles of the 147 kimberlite, Fort a la Corne, Saskatchewan, Canada.Emplacement Workshop held September, 5p. extended abstractCanada, SaskatchewanDeposit - FALC, volcanism
DS200612-0836
2006
Kurszlaukis, S.Lorenz, V., Kurszlaukis, S.Misconceptions on kimberlite maar-diatreme volcanoes.Emplacement Workshop held September, 5p. extended abstractGlobalMagmatism model
DS200612-1092
2006
Kurszlaukis, S.Pittari, A., Cas, R.A.F., Lefebvre, N., Web, K., Kurszlaukis, S.Facies characteristics and architecture of Body 219, Fort a la Corne, Saskatchewan: implications for kimberlitic mass flow processes in a marine setting.Emplacement Workshop held September, 5p. abstractCanada, SaskatchewanDeposit - Body 219, geology
DS200812-0618
2008
Kurszlaukis, S.Kurszlaukis, S., Lorenz, V.Formation of tuffisitic kimberlites by phreatomagmatic processes.Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Vol. 174, 1-3, pp. 68-80.Africa, Canada, RussiaDiatreme,emplacement, phreatomagmatic
DS200812-0643
2008
Kurszlaukis, S.Lefebvre, N., Kurszlaukis, S.Contrasting eruption styles of the 147 kimberlite, Fort a la Corne, Saskatchewan, canada.Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Vol. 174, 1-3, pp. 171-185.Canada, SaskatchewanVolcanic complex, emplacement, phreatomagmatic,turbidite
DS200812-0901
2008
Kurszlaukis, S.Pittari, A., Cas, R.A.F., Lefebvre, N., Robey, J., Kurszlaukis, S., Webb, K.Eruption processes and facies architecture of the Orion Central kimberlite volcanic complex, Fort a la Corne: kimberlite mass flow deposits in a sedimentary basin.Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Vol. 174, 1-3, pp. 152-170.Canada, SaskatchewanMegaturbidite, sedimentary basins, diatremes
DS200912-0417
2009
Kurszlaukis, S.Kurszlaukis, S., Mahotkin, I., Rotman, A.Y., Kolesnikov, G.W., Makovchuk, I.V.Syn and post eruptive volcanic processes in the Yubileinaya kimberlite pipe, Yakutia, Russia and implications for the emplacement of South African style kimberliteLithos, In press available, 36p.Russia, YakutiaDeposit - Yubileinaya
DS201112-0618
2011
Kurszlaukis, S.Lorenz, V., Kurszlaukis, S.Physical volcanology of intrusive and explosive carbonatite volcanism at the Gross Brukkaros carbonatite volcanic field, Namibia.Peralk-Carb 2011... workshop June 16-18, Tubingen, Germany, Abstract p.76-78.Africa, NamibiaGross Brukkaros
DS201112-0619
2011
Kurszlaukis, S.Lorenz, V., Kurszlaukis, S.Physical volcanology of intrusive and explosive carbonatite volcanism at the Gross Brukkaros carbonatite volcanic field, Namibia.Peralk-Carb 2011... workshop June 16-18, Tubingen, Germany, Abstract p.76-78.Africa, NamibiaGross Brukkaros
DS201212-0211
2012
Kurszlaukis, S.Fulop, A., Kurszlaukis, S., Winter, F.Factors controlling the internal facies architecture of kimberlite pipes.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Held Bangalore India Feb. 6-11, Poster abstractCanada, Ontario, AttawapiskatDeposit - Victor area
DS201212-0389
2012
Kurszlaukis, S.Kurszlaukis, S., Lorenz, V.Kimberlite maar craters.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Held Bangalore India Feb. 6-11, Poster abstractGlobalClassification
DS201212-0718
2012
Kurszlaukis, S.Tappe, S., Nowell, G.M., Kurszlaukis, S., Kjarsgaard, B.A.Large igneous provinces and kimberlites? Origin of the Diamondiferous Amon kimberlites, Baffin Island, Arctic Canada.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Feb. 6-11, Bangalore India, AbstractCanada, Nunavut, Baffin IslandDeposit - Amon
DS201312-0438
2013
Kurszlaukis, S.Januszczak, N., Seller, M.H., Kurszlaukis, S.A multidisciplinary approach to the Attawapiskat kimberlite field, Canada: accelerating discovery-to-production pipeline.Proceedings of the 10th. International Kimberlite Conference, Vol. 2, Special Issue of the Journal of the Geological Society of India,, Vol. 2, pp. 157-171.Canada, Ontario, AttawapiskatDeposit - Victor
DS201312-0524
2013
Kurszlaukis, S.Kurszlaukis, S., Fulop, A.Factors controlling the internal facies architecture of maar-diatreme volcanoes. Bulletin of Volcanology, Vol. 75, pp. 761-TechnologyDiatreme
DS201412-0530
2007
Kurszlaukis, S.Lorenz, V., Kurszlaukis, S.Root zone processes in the phreatomagmatic pipe emplacement model and consequences for the evolution of maar-diatreme volcanoes.Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Vol. 159, pp. 4-32.MantleMaar-diatreme-kimberlite
DS201412-0917
2014
Kurszlaukis, S.Tappe, S., Kjarsgaard, B.A., Kurszlaukis, S., Nowell, G.M., Phillips, D.Petrology and Nd-Hf isotope geochemistry of the Neoproterozoic Amon kimberlite sills, Baffin Island ( Canada): evidence of deep mantle magmatic activity linked to Supercontinent cycles.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 55, 10, pp. 2003-2042.Canada, Nunavut, Baffin IslandDeposit - Amon sills
DS201501-0026
2015
Kurszlaukis, S.Pittari, A., Cas, R.A.F., Lefebvre, N., Kurszlaukis, S.Alteration styles in the Orion Central Volcanic Complex, Fort a la Corne kimberlite field, Saskatchewan, and their effects on primary volcaniclastic textures: implications for facies mapping and diamond exploration.Economic Geology, Vol. 110, pp. 146-171.Canada, SaskatchewanDeposit - Orion Central Volcanics
DS201612-2300
2016
Kurszlaukis, S.Fulop, A., Kurszlaukis, S.Monogenetic v. polygenetic kimberlite volcanism: in-depth examination of the Tango extension super structure, Attawapiskat kimberlite field, Ontario, Canada.Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 446 on line availableCanada, Ontario, AttawapiskatDeposit - Tango

Abstract: Extensive drilling of the Tango Extension kimberlite pipe resulted in the construction of an emplacement model that revealed the complex architecture of two amalgamated pipes: an older pipe, the Tango Extension Deep, which is cut along its northern margin by the smaller Tango Extension pipe. The resulting volcano forms a complex pipe-in-pipe structure called the Tango Extension Super Structure. The emplacement of the Tango Extension Super Structure sequence indicates prolonged hiatuses, which, similar to other volcanoes classified as monogenetic, puts the classical monogenetic and polygenetic definitions of maar-diatreme volcanoes to the test. Although the Tango Extension and Tango Extension Deep volcanoes could be characterized individually as monogenetic volcanoes, the Tango Extension Super Structure shows evidence of the occurrence of the significant hiatuses typical of polygenetic volcanoes. We suggest that hiatuses that are long enough to consolidate earlier tephra unambiguously differentiate polygenetic from monogenetic maar-diatreme volcanoes.
DS201612-2314
2016
Kurszlaukis, S.Kurszlaukis, S., Lorenz, V.Differences and similarities between emplacement models of kimberlite and basaltic maar-diatreme volcanoes.Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 446 on line availableGlobalEmplacement models

Abstract: Most kimberlite maar-diatreme volcanoes erupted during the Tertiary or earlier and therefore their tephra rings and, less often, their near-surface diatreme-filling deposits have usually been eliminated by erosion. Poorly eroded Quaternary non-kimberlite maar-diatreme volcanoes, especially those of mafic and ultramafic magma types, have the same diatreme size range (diameter and depth) as kimberlite pipes and show similar internal volcaniclastic diatreme lithofacies. In addition, these young volcanoes often have a more or less preserved tephra ring consisting of hundreds to perhaps a few thousand thin tephra beds. Volcanological analyses of the xenolith-rich primary volcaniclastic deposits both within these diatremes and in the tephra ring beds reflect phases of explosive pipe growth and are of convincingly phreatomagmatic origin. The similarities between non-kimberlite pipes and kimberlite pipes suggest to some researchers that phreatomagmatic processes were also responsible for pipe excavation processes in kimberlite maar-diatreme volcanoes. In contrast, other researchers have suggested that kimberlite maar-diatreme volcanoes were emplaced largely by magmatic processes as a consequence of exsolution and the explosive expansion of juvenile volatiles. We therefore analysed and compared some key geological features of kimberlite and ultrabasic to basic ‘basaltic’ maar-diatreme volcanoes to determine similarities and differences with respect to their emplacement behaviour.
DS201707-1324
2016
Kurszlaukis, S.Fulop, A., Kurszlaukis, S.Monogenetic v. polygenetic kimberlite volcanism: in-depth examination of Tango extension super structure, Attwapiskat kimberlite field, Ontario, Canada.Geological Society of London, Special Publication: Monogenetic volcanism, no. 446, pp. 205-224.Canada, Ontario, Attawapiskatdeposit - Tango

Abstract: Extensive drilling of the Tango Extension kimberlite pipe resulted in the construction of an emplacement model that revealed the complex architecture of two amalgamated pipes: an older pipe, the Tango Extension Deep, which is cut along its northern margin by the smaller Tango Extension pipe. The resulting volcano forms a complex pipe-in-pipe structure called the Tango Extension Super Structure. The emplacement of the Tango Extension Super Structure sequence indicates prolonged hiatuses, which, similar to other volcanoes classified as monogenetic, puts the classical monogenetic and polygenetic definitions of maar-diatreme volcanoes to the test. Although the Tango Extension and Tango Extension Deep volcanoes could be characterized individually as monogenetic volcanoes, the Tango Extension Super Structure shows evidence of the occurrence of the significant hiatuses typical of polygenetic volcanoes. We suggest that hiatuses that are long enough to consolidate earlier tephra unambiguously differentiate polygenetic from monogenetic maar-diatreme volcanoes.
DS201707-1343
2016
Kurszlaukis, S.Kurszlaukis, S., Lorenz, V.Differences and similarities between emplacement models of kimberlite and basaltic maar-diatreme volcanoes.Geological Society of London, Special Publication: Monogenetic volcanism, no. 446, pp. 101-122.Technologydiatremes

Abstract: Most kimberlite maar-diatreme volcanoes erupted during the Tertiary or earlier and therefore their tephra rings and, less often, their near-surface diatreme-filling deposits have usually been eliminated by erosion. Poorly eroded Quaternary non-kimberlite maar-diatreme volcanoes, especially those of mafic and ultramafic magma types, have the same diatreme size range (diameter and depth) as kimberlite pipes and show similar internal volcaniclastic diatreme lithofacies. In addition, these young volcanoes often have a more or less preserved tephra ring consisting of hundreds to perhaps a few thousand thin tephra beds. Volcanological analyses of the xenolith-rich primary volcaniclastic deposits both within these diatremes and in the tephra ring beds reflect phases of explosive pipe growth and are of convincingly phreatomagmatic origin. The similarities between non-kimberlite pipes and kimberlite pipes suggest to some researchers that phreatomagmatic processes were also responsible for pipe excavation processes in kimberlite maar-diatreme volcanoes. In contrast, other researchers have suggested that kimberlite maar-diatreme volcanoes were emplaced largely by magmatic processes as a consequence of exsolution and the explosive expansion of juvenile volatiles. We therefore analysed and compared some key geological features of kimberlite and ultrabasic to basic ‘basaltic’ maar-diatreme volcanoes to determine similarities and differences with respect to their emplacement behaviour.
DS201901-0034
2018
Kurszlaukis, S.Fulop, A., Kopylova, M., Kurszlaukis, S., Hilchie, L., Ellemers, P., Squibb, C.Petrography of Snap Lake kimberlite dyke ( Northwest Territories, Canada) and its interaction with country rock granitoids.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 59, 12, pp. 2493-2518.Canada, Northwest Territoriesdeposit - Snap Lake

Abstract: Carbonate-rich intrusions in contact with felsic rocks theoretically should show the effects of interaction between the two rock types, due to their contrasting compositions. In reality, though, such interaction is rarely reported at kimberlite contacts. We present the first documented case of lithological and mineralogical zonation at the margin of a kimberlite, the Snap Lake dyke, in contact with the wall-rock granitoid. Our detailed petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical study shows that the fresh hypabyssal kimberlite consists of olivine macrocrysts and microcrysts, and phlogopite macrocrysts set in a groundmass of serpentinized monticellite, phlogopite, spinel, perovskite and apatite, with interstitial lizardite and calcite. This typical Group I kimberlite mineralogy does not match the bulk-rock composition, which resembles a Group II micaceous kimberlite. The mismatch between the chemical and mineralogical properties is ascribed to contamination by granitoid xenoliths and metasomatic reactions with the felsic country rocks, the Snap Lake kimberlite has extremely low bulk-Ca compared to other documented Group I kimberlites. Reaction with deuteric H2O and CO2 has led to Ca removal, serpentinization of olivine, replacement of calcite by dolomite, alteration of perovskite and decomposition of apatite. Adjacent to the contact with the host granitoid and in haloes around granitoid clasts, poikilitic phlogopite and lizardite are replaced by subsolidus phlogopite and a multiphase phyllosilicate composed of phlogopite+?lizardite+?chlorite+?talc. A modified isocon analysis accounts for felsic xenolith assimilation and isolates metasomatic changes. Enrichment of altered kimberlites in Si owes solely to xenolith incorporation. The metasomatic ingress of granitoid-derived Al for a limited distance inside the dyke was counteracted by a flux of Mg and Fe to the granitoid. Metasomatic changes in K and Ca tend to be positive in all lithologies of kimberlite and in the granitoids implying distal transport. The combination of xenolith digestion with metasomatic element transport is expected in hybrid zones where kimberlite magmas interact with felsic wall-rocks.
DS201905-1031
2019
Kurszlaukis, S.Fulop, A., Kopylova, M., Kurszlaukis, S., Hilchie, L., Ellemers, P.A reply to the comment by Germon et al. on the Petrography of the Snap Lake kimberlite dyke ( Northwest Territories, Canada) and its interaction with country rock granitoids.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 60, 3, pp. 661-671.Canada, Northwest Territoriesdeposit - Snap Lake
DS202010-1854
2016
Kurszlaukis, S.Kurszlaukis, S., Lorenz, V.Difference and similarities between emplacement models of kimberlite and basaltic maar-diatreme volcanoes.IN: Nemeth, K., Carrasco-Nunez, G., Aranda-Gomez, J.J., Smith, I.E.M. eds. Monogenetic volcanism GSL Special Volume, Vol. 446, 22p. Pdf * note dateEuropekimberlite, maars

Abstract: Most kimberlite maar-diatreme volcanoes erupted during the Tertiary or earlier and therefore their tephra rings and, less often, their near-surface diatreme-filling deposits have usually been eliminated by erosion. Poorly eroded Quaternary non-kimberlite maar-diatreme volcanoes, especially those of mafic and ultramafic magma types, have the same diatreme size range (diameter and depth) as kimberlite pipes and show similar internal volcaniclastic diatreme lithofacies. In addition, these young volcanoes often have a more or less preserved tephra ring consisting of hundreds to perhaps a few thousand thin tephra beds. Volcanological analyses of the xenolith-rich primary volcaniclastic deposits both within these diatremes and in the tephra ring beds reflect phases of explosive pipe growth and are of convincingly phreatomagmatic origin. The similarities between non-kimberlite pipes and kimberlite pipes suggest to some researchers that phreatomagmatic processes were also responsible for pipe excavation processes in kimberlite maar-diatreme volcanoes. In contrast, other researchers have suggested that kimberlite maar-diatreme volcanoes were emplaced largely by magmatic processes as a consequence of exsolution and the explosive expansion of juvenile volatiles. We therefore analysed and compared some key geological features of kimberlite and ultrabasic to basic ‘basaltic’ maar-diatreme volcanoes to determine similarities and differences with respect to their emplacement behaviour. The following problems were addressed - the layout of the abstract; an amendment to the caption of Fig. 1; and some changes to Zimanowski's references in the reference list.
DS200912-0418
2008
Kurt, M.S.Kurt, M.S., Alpasian, M., Gnclu, M.C., Temel, A.Geochemistry of late stage medium to high K calc alkaline and shoshoninitc dikes in the Ulukla Basin, central Anatolia, Turkey; petrogenesis and tectonicsGeochemistry International, Vol. 46, 11, pp. 1145-1163.Europe, TurkeyShoshonite
DS1994-0965
1994
Kurtanjek, M.P.Kurtanjek, M.P.The potential for exploration and development in African countriesCredit Lyonnais Laing, Preprint Oct. 3, 6pAfricaEconomics
DS1950-0484
1959
Kurtserayte, SH. D.Kurtserayte, SH. D.Diamond Prospects of the Southwestern Part of the Siberian Platform.Sovetsk Geol., No. 8.RussiaKimberlite
DS1987-0390
1987
Kurtz, M.D.Kurtz, M.D., Gurney, J.J., Jenkins, M.J., Lott, D.E.Helium isotopic variability within single diamonds from the Orapa kimberlite pipeEarth Planet. Sci. Letters, Vol. 86, No. 1, November pp. 57-68BotswanaBlank
DS1996-0146
1996
Kurtz, R.Boerner, D., Kurtz, R., Craven, J., Jones, F.W.Electromagnetic results from the Alberta basement lithoprobe transectRoss, G.M. Lithoprobe Alberta, No. 51, pp. 61-70.AlbertaGeophysics - electromagnetic
DS1997-0107
1997
Kurtz, R.Boerner, D., Craven, J., Kurtz, R., Jones, W.Electrical structure in the Precambrian crust and mantle of westernCanada.Geological Survey of Canada Forum 1997 abstracts, p. 8. AbstractAlberta, SaskatchewanMantle, Geophysics - magnetotellurics
DS1989-0537
1989
Kurtz, R.D.Green, A.G., Milkereit, B., Percival, J.A., Kurtz, R.D., BroomeIntegrated geophysical lithoprobe studies of the Kapuskasing structureGeological Society of Canada (GSC) Forum 1989, P. 11. abstractOntarioGeophysics, Kapuskasing
DS1989-0721
1989
Kurtz, R.D.Jones, A.G., Boerner, D.E., Kurtz, R.D.Electrical crustal structure at the edge of the North American cratonGeological Association of Canada (GAC) Annual Meeting Program Abstracts, Vol. 14, p. A104. (abstract.)OntarioTectonics, Kapuskasing Lithoprobe
DS1991-1052
1991
Kurtz, R.D.Mareschal, M., Kurtz, R.D., Chouteau, M., Chakridi, R.A magnetotelluric survey on Manitoulin Island and Bruce Peninsula along Glimpce seismic line J: black shales mask the Grenville FrontGeophys. Journal of International, Vol. 104, pp. 173-183OntarioGeophysics -seismics, Magnetotelluric
DS1992-0803
1992
Kurtz, R.D.Jones, A.G., Gough, D.I., Kurtz, R.D., De Laurier, J.M., et al.Electromagnetic images of regional structure in the southern CanadianCordilleraGeophysical Research Letters, Vol. 12, No. 24, pp. 2373-2376Cordillera, British ColumbiaGeophysics -electromagnetic, Tectonics, structure
DS1993-0865
1993
Kurtz, R.D.Kurtz, R.D., Craven, J.A., Niblett, E.R., Stevens, R.A.The conductivity of the crust and mantle beneath the Kapuskasing Uplift:electrical anisotropy in the upper mantleGeophysical Journal International, Vol. 113, pp. 483-498OntarioGeophysics -magnetics, midcontinental rift
DS1995-0164
1995
Kurtz, R.D.Boerner, D.E., Kurtz, R.D., Craven, J.A., Rondenay, QianBuried Proterozoic foredeep under the Western Canada sedimentary basinGeology, Vol. 23, No. 4, April pp. 297-300Alberta, SaskatchewanGeophysics -electromagnetics, Precamrbian basement
DS1995-0165
1995
Kurtz, R.D.Boerner, D.E., Kurtz, R.D., Craven, J.A., Rondenay, S.Buried Proterozoic foredeep under the Western Canada sedimentary basin?Geology, Vol. 23, No. 4, Apr. pp. 297-300.Western Canada, AlbertaBasin - sedimentary, Tectonics, Precambrian Basement, Geophysics, electromagnetics
DS1995-1168
1995
Kurtz, R.D.Mareschal, M., Kellett, R.L., Kurtz, R.D., Ludden, JiArchean cratonic roots, mantle shear zones and deep electrical anisotropy.Nature, Vol. 375, No. 6527, May 11, pp. 134-136MantleCraton, Geophysics -seismics
DS1996-0147
1996
Kurtz, R.D.Boerner, D.E., Kurtz, R.D., Craven, JJ.A.Electrical conductivity and Paleo-Proterozoic foredeepsJournal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 101, No. B 6, June 10, pp. 13, 775-91Canada, North AmericaProterozoic, Geophysics
DS1998-0136
1998
Kurtz, R.D.Boerner, D.E., Craven, J.A., Kurtz, R.D., Ross, JonesThe Great Falls Tectonic Zone: suture or intracontinnental shear zone?Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 35, No. 2, Feb. pp. 175-183.Alberta, WyomingTectonics, Archean, Proterozoic, Geophysics - electromagnetic
DS1998-0137
1998
Kurtz, R.D.Boerner, D.E., Kurtz, R.D., Craven, J.A., Ross, JonesGeophysical evidence of mantle involvement in Paleoproterzoic orogenesisAnnales Geophysicae, 23rd Meet abstracts 16. supp. p. 175.AlbertaGeophysics
DS2000-0094
2000
Kurtz, R.D.Boerner, D.E., Kurtz, R.D., Craven, J.A., Ross, JonesA synthesis of electromagnetic studies in lithoprobe Alberta Basement Transect: constraints PaleoproterozoicCanadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol.37, no11, Nov.pp.1509-34.AlbertaTectonics - indentation, Geophysics - electromagnetics
DS2001-0218
2001
Kurtz, R.D.Craven, J.A., Kurtz, R.D., Boener, D.E., et al.Conductivity of western Superior Province upper mantle in northwestern OntarioCan. Geological Survey Current Research, No. 200-E6, 15p.Ontario, northwestGeophysics
DS200512-0284
2005
Kurtz, R.D.Ferguson, I.J., Craven, J.A., Kurtz, R.D., Boerner, D.E., Bailey, Wu, Orellana, Spratt, Wennberg, NortonGeoelectric response of Archean lithosphere in the western Superior Province, central Canada.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 150, 1-3, May 16, pp. 123-143.Canada, OntarioGeophysics - magnetotelluric, North Caribou terrane
DS1987-0069
1987
Kuryavtseva, G.P.Botkunov, A.I., Garanin, V.K., Krot, A.N., Kuryavtseva, G.P.Mineral inclusions in garnets from Yakutian kimberlites and their genetic and practical significance.*rusGeol. Rudn. Mestorozhd. *rus, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 15-29RussiaMineralogy
DS1950-0142
1953
Kuryleva, N.A.Kuryleva, N.A.Contribution to the Petrography of the Siberian KimberlitesZap. Vses. Miner. Obshch., PT. 87, No. 3.RussiaBlank
DS1950-0320
1957
Kuryleva, N.A.Bobrievich, A.P., Kuryleva, N.A.Petrography of the Siberian KimberlitesAkad. Nauk Sssr Ser. Geol., No. 4.RussiaBlank
DS2003-0974
2003
KurzMoreira, M., Blusztajn, J., Curtice, J., Hart, S., Dick, H., KurzHe and Ne isotopes in oceanic crust: implications for noble gas recycling in the mantleEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 216, 4, pp. 635-43.MantleGeochronology
DS200412-1365
2003
KurzMoreira, M., Blusztajn, J., Curtice, J., Hart, S., Dick, H., KurzHe and Ne isotopes in oceanic crust: implications for noble gas recycling in the mantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 216, 4, pp. 635-43.MantleGeochronology
DS200712-0824
2006
Kurz, M.Peate, D.W., Breddam, K., Baker, J.A., Kurz, M., Grassineau, N., Barker, A.K.Compositional features of enriched Icelandic mantle components.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, In press availableEurope, IcelandGeochemistry
DS1986-0470
1986
Kurz, M.D.Kurz, M.D., Gurney, J.J.Helium isotopic heterogeneity within single diamonds from the Orapa kimberlite pipeProceedings of the Fourth International Kimberlite Conference, Held Perth, Australia, No. 16, pp. 401-402BotswanaDiamond morphology
DS2001-0798
2001
Kurz, M.D.Moreira, M., Breddam, K., Curtice, J., Kurz, M.D.Solar neon in the Icelandic mantle: new evidence for an under gassed lower mantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 185, No. 1-2, Feb.15, pp. 15-23.GlobalMantle - geochemistry, geochronology
DS2001-0799
2001
Kurz, M.D.Moreira, M., Kurz, M.D.Subducted oceanic lithosphere and the origin of the high u basalt helium isotopic signature.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 189, pp. 49-57.MantleLithosphere - basalts
DS200812-0449
2008
Kurz, M.D.Hart, S.R., Kurz, M.D., Wang, Z.Scale length of mantle heterogeneities: constraints from helium diffusion.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 269, 3-4, pp. 507-516.MantleGeochemistry - helium
DS201112-1130
2011
Kurz, M.D.Yamamoto, J., Kurz, M.D., Ishibashi, H., Curtice, J.Noble gas isotopic composition of mantle xenoliths in a kimberlite.Goldschmidt Conference 2011, abstract p.2201.Russia, SiberiaKimberlite magma
DS202005-0744
2020
Kurz, M.D.Labidi, J., Barry, P.H., Bekaert, D.V., Broadley, M.W., Marty, B., Giunta, T., Warr, O., Sherwood Lollar, B., Fischer, T.P., Avice, G., Caracusi, A., Ballentine, C.J., Halldorsson, S.A., Stefansson, A., Kurz, M.D., Kohl, I.E., Young, E.D.Hydrothermal 15N15N abundances constrain the origins of mantle nitrogen.Nature, Vol. 580, 7803 pp. 367-371. Mantlenitrogen

Abstract: Nitrogen is the main constituent of the Earth’s atmosphere, but its provenance in the Earth’s mantle remains uncertain. The relative contribution of primordial nitrogen inherited during the Earth’s accretion versus that subducted from the Earth’s surface is unclear1,2,3,4,5,6. Here we show that the mantle may have retained remnants of such primordial nitrogen. We use the rare 15N15N isotopologue of N2 as a new tracer of air contamination in volcanic gas effusions. By constraining air contamination in gases from Iceland, Eifel (Germany) and Yellowstone (USA), we derive estimates of mantle ?15N (the fractional difference in 15N/14N from air), N2/36Ar and N2/3He. Our results show that negative ?15N values observed in gases, previously regarded as indicating a mantle origin for nitrogen7,8,9,10, in fact represent dominantly air-derived N2 that experienced 15N/14N fractionation in hydrothermal systems. Using two-component mixing models to correct for this effect, the 15N15N data allow extrapolations that characterize mantle endmember ?15N, N2/36Ar and N2/3He values. We show that the Eifel region has slightly increased ?15N and N2/36Ar values relative to estimates for the convective mantle provided by mid-ocean-ridge basalts11, consistent with subducted nitrogen being added to the mantle source. In contrast, we find that whereas the Yellowstone plume has ?15N values substantially greater than that of the convective mantle, resembling surface components12,13,14,15, its N2/36Ar and N2/3He ratios are indistinguishable from those of the convective mantle. This observation raises the possibility that the plume hosts a primordial component. We provide a test of the subduction hypothesis with a two-box model, describing the evolution of mantle and surface nitrogen through geological time. We show that the effect of subduction on the deep nitrogen cycle may be less important than has been suggested by previous investigations. We propose instead that high mid-ocean-ridge basalt and plume ?15N values may both be dominantly primordial features.
DS201312-0107
2013
Kurz, T.H.Buckley, S.J., Kurz, T.H., Howell, J.A., Schneider, D.Terrestrial lidar and hyper spectral dat a fusion products for geological outcrop analysis. NOT specific to diamonds ( shale and carbonates)Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 54, pp. 249-258.United States, Europe, SpainLidar - interest
DS1988-0387
1988
Kurzl, H.Kurzl, H.Exploratory dat a analysis: recent advances for the interpretation of geochemical dat aJournal of Geochemical Exploration, Vol. 30, pp. 309-322. Database # 17358GlobalGeochemistry, Analytical techniques -EDA.
DS200912-0033
2009
Kurzlaujis, S.Barnett, W., Kurzlaujis, S., Tait, M., Dirks, P.Kimberlite wall rock fragmentation: Venetia K08 pipe development.GAC/MAC/AGU Meeting held May 23-27 Toronto, Abstract onlyAfrica, South AfricaDeposit - Venetia
DS201212-0338
2012
Kurzlaukis, C.Januszcak, M.H., Seller, S., Kurzlaukis, C., Murphy, J., Delgaty, S., Tappe, K., Ali, J.Zhu, Ellemers, P.A multidisciplinary approach to the Attawapiskat kimberlite field, Canada Canada: accelerating the discovery to production pipeline.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Feb. 6-11, Bangalore India, AbstractCanada, Ontario, AttawapiskatDeposit - Victor
DS1995-1110
1995
Kurzlaukis, S.Lorenz, V., Kurzlaukis, S., Stachel, T., Brey, StanistreetVolcanology of the diatreme rich carbonatitic Gross Brukkaros volcanicfield and of the near by Gibeon K.Proceedings of the Sixth International Kimberlite Conference Abstracts, pp. 333-335.NamibiaCarbonatite, Deposit -Gross Brukkaros, Gibeon
DS2000-0421
2000
Kurzlaukis, S.Hoosen, Z., Kurzlaukis, S., Kiviets, G.B., Fourie, L.F.New high Pressure precision ages from the Gideon and Maltahohe kimberlite fields, southern Namibia.Journal of African Earth Sciences, p. 31. abstract.NamibiaGeochronology - age determination, Deposit - Gibeon, Maltahohe
DS200512-1040
2005
Kurzlaukis, S.Stachel, T., Kurzlaukis, S., Walker, E.C.Archean diamonds from the Wawa area of Ontario (Canada).GAC Annual Meeting Halifax May 15-19, Abstract 1p.Canada, Ontario, WawaGenesi, Cristal, diamond morphology
DS200812-0347
2008
Kurzlaukis, S.Field, M., Stefenhofer, J., Robey, J., Kurzlaukis, S.Kimberlite hosted diamond deposits of southern Africa: A review.Ore Geology Reviews, Vol. 34, pp. 33-75.Africa, South Africa, BotswanaReview
DS200912-0682
2009
Kurzlaukis, S.Seghedi, I., Kurzlaukis, S., Maicher, D.Basaltic diatreme to root zone volcanic processes in Tuzo kimberlite pipe (Gahcho Kue kimberlite field, NWT, Canada).GAC/MAC/AGU Meeting held May 23-27 Toronto, Abstract onlyCanada, Northwest TerritoriesDeposit - Tuzo
DS201112-0060
2011
Kurzlaukis, S.Barnett, W.P., Kurzlaukis, S., Tait, M., Dirks, P.Kimberlite wall rock fragmentation processes: Venetia K08 pipe development.Bulletin Volcanology, In press available, 18p.Africa, South AfricaGeology - Venetia
DS201412-0322
2013
Kurzlaukis, S.Grunsky, EC., Kjarsgaard, B.A., Kurzlaukis, S., Seller, M., Knight, R., Moroz, M.Classification of whole rock geochemistry based on statistical treatment of whole rock geochemical analyses and portable XRF analyses at the Attawapiskat kimberlite field of Ontario.Geological Survey of Canada, Scientific Presentation 15,, 1 sheet 10.4095/292446Canada, Ontario, AttawapiskatGeochemistry - whole rock
DS201412-0323
2011
Kurzlaukis, S.Grunsky, E.C., Kjarsgaard, B.A., Kurzlaukis, S., Seller, M.The use of statistical methods applied to multi-element geochemistry for phase discrimination in kimberlites - examples from the Star and Whiskey kimberlites.GAC/MAC joint annual meeting, Vol. 36, p. 1. abstractCanada, Saskatchewan, OntarioGeochemistry - whole rock
DS201412-0424
2013
Kurzlaukis, S.Januszczak, N., Seller, M.H., Kurzlaukis, S., Murphy, C., Delgaty, J., Tappe, S., Ali, K., Zhu, J., Ellemers, P.A multidisciplinary approach to the Attwapiskat kimberlite field, Canada: accelerating the discovery-to-production pipeline.Proceedings of the 10th. International Kimberlite Conference, Vol. 2, pp. 157-172.Canada, Ontario, AttawapiskatDeposit - Victor area
DS200912-0683
2009
Kurzlaukis, T.Seghedi, I., Kurzlaukis, T., Ntaflos, S., Maicher, D.Mineralogy of digested wall rock xenoliths in transitional coherent kimberlites of Tuzo pipe, Gahcho Kue kimberlite field, NWT, Canada.Goldschmidt Conference 2009, p. A1190 Abstract.Canada, Northwest TerritoriesDeposit - Gacho Kue
DS201012-0416
2010
Kurzura, A.V.Kurzura, A.V., Wall, F., Jeffries, T., Litvin, Yu.A.Partitioning of trace elements between garnet, clinopyroxene and diamond forming carbonate silicate melt at 7 GPa.International Mineralogical Association meeting August Budapest, abstract p. 573.TechnologyGeochemistry
DS2003-0473
2003
Kusaja, K.Glennemann, S., Kusaja, K., Harris, J.W.Oriented graphite single crystal inclusions in diamondZeitschrift fur Kristallographe, GlobalBlank
DS200412-0675
2003
Kusaja, K.Glennemann, S., Kusaja, K., Harris, J.W.Oriented graphite single crystal inclusions in diamond.Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie, Vol.218, 11, pp. 733-TechnologyDiamond - morphology, inclusions
DS2003-0467
2003
Kusaka, K.Ginnermann, J., Kusaka, K., Harris, J.W.Oriented graphite single crystal inclusions in diamondZeitschrift fur Kristallographie, Vol. 218, 11, pp. 733-739.GlobalDiamond - inclusions
DS2003-0474
2003
Kusaka, K.Glinnemann, J., Kusaka, K., Harris, J., Bleisteiner, B., Winkler, B.Oriented graphite single crystal inclusions in diamond8ikc, Www.venuewest.com/8ikc/program.htm, Session 3, POSTER abstractNorthwest TerritoriesDiamonds - inclusions, Deposit - Panda
DS200412-0667
2003
Kusaka, K.Ginnermann, J., Kusaka, K., Harris, J.W.Oriented graphite single crystal inclusions in diamond.Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie, Vol. 218, 11, pp. 733-739.TechnologyDiamond - inclusions
DS201312-0427
2013
Kusakabe, M.Imamura, K., Ogasawara, Y., Yurimoto, H., Kusakabe, M.Carbon isotope heterogeneity in metamorphic diamond from the Kokchetav UHP dolomite marble, northern Kazakhstan.International Geology Review, Vol. 55, 4, pp. 453-467.Russia, KazakhstanDeposit- Kokchetav
DS201910-2277
2019
Kusena, B.Kusena, B., Makombe, E.K.Sustainable livelihoods and artisanal mining in Marange, Zimbabwe, 2006-2016.Global Environment, Vol. 12, 2, pp. 354-374.Africa, Zimbabwedeposit - Marange

Abstract: The recent discovery of alluvial diamonds in Marange, Zimbabwe, has rekindled the interest of environmental scholars in critiquing the political economy of artisanal mining. The increasing recurrence of this 'illegal' small-scale mining has partly been attributed to its 'lucrative' nature, but more importantly as a safety net to the deepening crises rooted in the country's adverse economic climate in the period under review. The economic structural adjustments during the 1990s, the hefty off-budget gratuities awarded to restive war veterans in 1997, the country's ill-fated intervention in the DRC war in 1988 and the violent land seizures of the early 2000s have contributed to this prolonged setback. This paper first assesses the sustainability of artisanal mining as a livelihood option mostly for the unemployed. It appears that diamond mining produced positive outcomes for some, but by no means all, artisanal miners who accumulated considerable wealth in cattle and real estate. Others failed to break through altogether, suffering heavy losses, including deaths under mining pits. The paper then explores the effects of artisanal mining on the physical environment, including river denudation and soil erosion, deforestation, creation of wastelands and pollution of water bodies. The overriding argument of this study is that artisanal mining has continued to be a sustainable livelihood avenue in spite of its well-known negative impacts. The study is based on semi-structured interviews conducted between 2015 and 2017 with artisanal miners, security personnel, rural district councillors, environmental authorities and former employees of defunct mining firms in Marange. Other sources of data included community-based organisations and civil society groups, as well as newspapers that reported on the unfolding events in Marange at the time.
DS201808-1762
2018
Kusham, A.Kusham, A., Pratap, B., Naick, P., Naganjaneyulu, K.Lithospheric architecture in the Archean Dharwar craton, India: a magnetotelluric model.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, Vol. 183, pp. 43-53.Indiacraton

Abstract: oriented, 280?km long profile (from Yellapura to Sindhanur) with 22 magnetotelluric stations. Regional strike directions, estimated were ?5° and 13° for the crust and the lithospheric mantle respectively. Our results indicate in western Dharwar craton, presence of low resistivity zones in the crust besides two significant upper mantle conductive features within the highly resistive Archaean lithosphere. We analyze the available geophysical data that include heat flow, seismic tomography and magnetotellurics (MT) from the Dharwar craton. Our inference supports to the existence of a thick lithosphere. A thickness of more than 200?km is estimated for the lithosphere beneath the Dharwar craton by our magnetotelluric model. The study has brought out the presence of lithospheric upper mantle conductive features in the depth range of 100-200?km bounded to the west part of the magnetotelluric profile. Significant variations in conductivity are seen on either side of the Chitradurga shear zone. The conductive feature in the depth range 120-150?km is related with kimberlite melts and the conductive nature in the depth range 160-200?km is explained by refertilization process, as craton passed over the Marion (ca. 90?Ma) hotspot.
DS201905-1055
2019
Kusham, A.P.Kusham, A.P., Naick, B.P., Naganjaneyulu, K.Crustal and lithospheric mantle conductivity structure in the Dharwar craton, India.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, Vol. 176, pp. 253-263.Indiageophysics - magnetotellurics

Abstract: The vertical extension and structure of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle beneath the Archean Dharwar craton is the main attraction of the work presented here. To delineate the electrical conductivity structure of the Dharwar craton, a magnetotelluric study is carried out. This study comprises magnetotelluric data at 22 stations along a west-east slanting profile. Inter-station spacing is approximately 15?km. This magnetotelluric study is initiated from Dandeli (in the west) to Sindhanur (in the east side). The preferable geoelectric strike directions for the crust and lithospheric mantle are N3°E and N16°E respectively. A 2-dimensional (2-D) resistivity model derived by using the crustal and lithospheric mantle strike azimuths, identified conductive features in the stable continental Dharwar craton. In the crust, prominent conductors are present in the eastern and western part of the profile. A conducting feature is present in the deeper crust associated with the Chitradurga shear zone (CSZ). The study infers a thick lithosphere beneath Dharwar craton as a preserved cratonic nucleus on the eastern and a few conductive anomalies in the western part of the Dharwar craton. The model shows two separate conductors in the depth range of 110-250?km. This study shows, the possibility of presence of kimberlite melt in the western Dharwar craton in the depth range of 110-150?km.
DS202106-0948
2021
Kusham, B.Kusham, B., Naick, P., Pratap, A. Naganjaneyulu, K.Magnetotelluric 3-D full tensor inversion in the Dharwar craton, India: mapping of subduction polarity and kimberlitic melt.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 315, 106708, 13p. PdfIndiakimberlites

Abstract: Complex geological structures and processes that took place in the Dharwar craton formation make it difficult to understand the evolution history. 3-D magnetotelluric inversion is a challenging task for the imaging of sub-surface structures. Data at 40 stations in a gridded fashion are used in this study for inversion. A controversy exists regarding the subduction polarity between the eastern and western Dharwar craton. Based on the conductivity anomalies mapped in the sub-surface, the lithosphere can be divided into the shallower and deeper lithosphere. The study delineated several crustal and lithospheric upper mantle conductors. In the crustal region, several conductive features (~10 ?-m) are imaged in the western part, central, and eastern part of the profile. A new finding of this 3-D study is a conductor in the eastern Dharwar craton in the depth range of 65-140 km. The base of this conductor shows the graphite diamond stability field and is correlated with the kimberlites/lamproites present in the region. An uppermost mantle conductor is present at the depth range of 80-200 km in the central part of the study area. Sulphides and carbon-rich fluids could be one cause of the conductors mapped in the crust. The low electrical resistivity imaged in the deeper lithosphere could be due to the refertilization of the mantle scar in the Cretaceous age by the passage of several hotspots. The lithospheric thickness estimated beneath the Dharwar craton in this study is more than 200 km. This study reveals geophysical evidence for the eastward subduction polarity in the Dharwar craton.
DS1988-0388
1988
Kushev, V.G.Kushev, V.G., Tyulenev, A.E.Petrochemistry and distribution pattern of alkaline basaltic complexes In the Primor-ye and Amur River regions.(Russian)Doklady Academy of Sciences Akademy Nauk SSSR, (Russian), Vol. 298, No. 1, pp. 170-173RussiaBasaltic rocks, Lamproite
DS1988-0641
1988
Kushev, V.G.Sinitsyn, A.V., Kushev, V.G., Ermolaev, L.A., Kamentseky, A.V.The structural -tectonic kimberlite position of the east SiberianPlatform*(in Russian)Doklady Academy of Sciences Akademy Nauk SSSR, (Russian), Vol. 303, No. 6, pp. 1438-1441RussiaTectonics, Structure
DS1992-0904
1992
Kushev, V.G.Kushev, V.G., Sinitsyn, A.V., Mishnin, V.M., Natapov, L.M.Kimberlite structural environments and their productivity in the East Siberian (Yakutian) ProvinceRussian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 33, No. 10, pp. 50-60Russia, Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Siberia, YakutiaStructure, Kimberlites -diamondiferous
DS1992-1450
1992
Kushev, V.G.Sobolev, N.V., Sinitsyn, A.V., Kushev, V.G.Structural metallogeny of Diamondiferous kimberlitesRussian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 33, No. 10, pp. 1-3.Russia, Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), ArkangelskStructure, Metallogeny
DS1960-0976
1968
Kushiro, I.Kushiro, I., Aoki, K.Origin of Some Eclogite Inclusions in KimberliteAmerican MINERALOGIST., Vol. 53, No. 7-8, PP. 1347-1367.South AfricaMineralogy
DS1970-0743
1973
Kushiro, I.Kushiro, I.Partial Melting of Garnet Lherzolites from Kimberlite at High Pressure.Maseru: Lesotho Nat. Dev. Corp. Lesotho Kimberlites Editor N, PP. 294-299.South Africa, LesothoThaba Putsoa, Bultfontein, Mineral Chemistry
DS1975-0366
1976
Kushiro, I.Mysen, B.O., Kushiro, I.Compositional Variation of Coexisting Phases with Degree Of melting of Peridotite Under Upper Mantle Conditions.Carnegie Institute Yearbook, FOR 1975, PP. 546-555.South AfricaMineral Chemistry
DS1986-0471
1986
Kushiro, I.Kushiro, I.Viscosity of partial melts in the upper mantleJournal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 91, No. B9, August 10, pp. 9343-9350GlobalMantle
DS1992-0712
1992
Kushiro, I.Hirose, K., Kushiro, I.Partial melting of dry peridotites at high pressure determination of compositions of melts segregated from peridotite using aggregates of diamondEos, Transactions, Annual Fall Meeting Abstracts, Vol. 73, No. 43, October 27, abstracts p. 615GlobalPeridotite, Diamond aggregates
DS1993-0676
1993
Kushiro, I.Hirose, K., Kushiro, I.Partial melting of dry peridotites at high pressures: determination of compositions of melts segregated from peridotite using aggregates of diamondEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 114, pp. 477-489MantlePeridotites, Experimental petrology
DS1994-0966
1994
Kushiro, I.Kushiro, I.Recent experimental studies on partial melting of mantle peridotites at high pressures using diamond aggregates.Journal of Geological Society of Japan, Vol. 100, No. 1, January pp. 103-110.Lesotho, CaliforniaExperimental petrology, Mantle peridotites
DS1996-0760
1996
Kushiro, I.Klingenberg, B.M.E.T., Kushiro, I.Melting of a chromite bearing harzburgite and generation boninitic melts at low pressures O fugacityLithos, Vol. 37, No. 1, Feb. pp. 1-13.GlobalHarzburgites, Boninites
DS1998-0820
1998
Kushiro, I.Kushiro, I., Walter, M.J.magnesium-iron partioning between olivine and mafic ultramafic meltsGeophysical Research. Letters, Vol. 25, No. 13, July pp. 2337-40MantleMelting
DS201012-0417
2010
Kushiro, I.Kushiro, I.Toward the development of magmatology.Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Vol. 38, pp. 1-16.MantleMagmatism
DS1992-0797
1992
Kusihiro, I.Johnson, K.T., Kusihiro, I.Segregation of high pressure partial melts from peridotite using aggregates of diamond: a new experimental approachGeophysical Research. Letters, Vol. 19, No. 16, August 21, pp. 1703-1706GlobalExperimental petrology, Diamond aggregates
DS201412-0490
2014
Kuskov, O.Kuskov, O., Kronrod, V., Prokofev, A., Pavlenkova, N.Petrological -geophysical models of the internal structure of the lithospheric mantle of the Siberian craton.Petrology, Vol. 22, 1, pp. 17-44.RussiaGeophysics - geodynamics
DS200612-0753
2006
Kuskov, O.L.Kuskov, O.L., Kronrod, V.A.Determining the temperature of the Earth's continental upper mantle from geochemical and seismic data.Geochemistry International, Vol. 44, 3, pp. 232-248.MantleGeothermometry
DS200612-0754
2006
Kuskov, O.L.Kuskov, O.L., Kronrod, V.A., Annersten, H.Inferring upper mantle temperatures from seismic and geochemical constraints: implications for Kaapvaal Craton.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 244, 1-2, Apr. 15, pp. 133-154.Africa, South AfricaGeothermometry
DS200712-0587
2007
Kuskov, O.L.Kuskov, O.L., Kronord, V.A.Composition, temperature and thickness of the lithosphere of the Archean Kaapvaal craton.Izvestia Physics of the Solid Earth, Vol. 43, 1, pp. 42-62. Ingenta 1070870033Africa, South AfricaCraton
DS200712-0588
2007
Kuskov, O.L.Kuskov, O.L., Kronrod, V.A., Zhidikova, A.P.Composition, temperature, and thickness of the lithosphere of the Kaapvaal Craton.Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms, 1p. abstract p. A532.Africa, South AfricaGeothermometry
DS201412-0491
2014
Kuskov, O.L.Kuskov, O.L., Kronrod, V.A., Prokofyev, A.A., Pavlenkova, N.I.Thermo-chemical structure of the lithospheric mantle underneath the Siberian craton inferred from long-range seismic profiles.Tectonophysics, Vol. 615-616, pp. 154-166.Russia, SiberiaGeothermometry
DS1985-0097
1985
Kusky, T.Burke, K., Kidd, W.S.F., Kusky, T.Is the Ventersdorp Rift System of Southern Africa Related To a Continental Collision between the Kaapvaal and Zimbabwe Cratons at 2.64 Ga Ago?Tectonophysics, Vol. 115, PP. 1-24.South Africa, ZimbabweGeotectonics
DS2003-0619
2003
Kusky, T.Inzana, J., Kusky, T., Higgs, G., Tucker, R.Supervised classification of Land sat TM band ratio images and Land sat TM band ratioJournal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 37, 1-2, July-August pp. 59-72.MadagascarRemote sensing - not specific to diamonds
DS200412-0870
2003
Kusky, T.Inzana, J., Kusky, T., Higgs, G., Tucker, R.Supervised classification of Land sat TM band ratio images and Land sat TM band ratio image with radar for geological interpretatiJournal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 37, 1-2, July-August pp. 59-72.Africa, MadagascarRemote sensing - not specific to diamonds
DS200512-0631
2004
Kusky, T.Li, J., Niu, X., Kusky, T.Neoarchean plate tectonic evolution of North Chin a and its correlation with global cratonic blocks.Earth Science Frontiers, Vol. 11, 4, pp. 273-284. Ingenta 1045384780ChinaTectonics
DS200612-1098
2006
Kusky, T.Polat, A., Herxberg, C., Munker, C., Rodgers, R., Kusky, T., Li, J., Fryer, B.Geochemical and petrological evidence for a supra subduction zone origin of Neoarchean (ca 2.5 Ga) peridotites, central orogenic belt, North Chin a craton.Geological Society of America Bulletin, Vol. 118, 7, July pp. 771-784.ChinaPeridotite, picrites
DS200712-0178
2007
Kusky, T.Cheng, S., Kusky, T.Komatiites from west Shandong, North Chin a Craton: implications for plume tectonics.Gondwana Research, Vol. 12, 1-2, August pp. 277-83.ChinaKomatiite
DS200712-0179
2007
Kusky, T.Cheng, S., Kusky, T.Komatiites from west Shandong, North Chin a Craton: implications for plume tectonics.Gondwana Research, Vol. 12, 1-2, August pp. 277-83.ChinaKomatiite
DS200712-0589
2007
Kusky, T.Kusky, T., Li, J., Santosh, M.The Paleoproterozic North Hebei orogen: North Chin a craton's collisional suture with the Columbia supercontinent.Gondwana Research, Vol. 12, 1-2, August pp. 4-28.ChinaTectonics
DS200712-0590
2007
Kusky, T.Kusky, T., Li, J., Santosh, M.The Paleoproterozic North Hebei orogen: North Chin a craton's collisional suture with the Columbia supercontinent.Gondwana Research, Vol. 12, 1-2, August pp. 4-28.ChinaTectonics
DS200712-0826
2007
Kusky, T.Peng, P., Zhai, M-G., Guo, J-H, Kusky, T.,Ping, T.Nature of mantle source contributions and crystal differentiation in the petrogenesis of the 1.78 Ga mafic dykes in the central North Chin a Craton.Gondwana Research, Vol. 12, 1-2, August pp. 29-46.ChinaDyke chemistry
DS200712-0827
2007
Kusky, T.Peng, P., Zhai, M-G., Guo, J-H, Kusky, T.,Ping, T.Nature of mantle source contributions and crystal differentiation in the petrogenesis of the 1.78 Ga mafic dykes in the central North Chin a Craton.Gondwana Research, Vol. 12, 1-2, August pp. 29-46.ChinaDyke chemistry
DS201012-0658
2010
Kusky, T.Santosh, M., Kusky, T.Origin of paired high pressure ultrahigh temperature orogens: a ridge subduction and slab window model.Terra Nova, Vol. 22, 1, pp. 35-42.MantleSubduction, UHP
DS201012-0660
2010
Kusky, T.Santosh, M., Zhao, D., Kusky, T.Mantle dynamics of the Paleoproterozoic North Chin a Craton: a perspective based on seismic tomography.Journal of Geodynamics, Vol. 49, 1, pp. 39-53.ChinaGeophysics - seismics
DS201012-0829
2010
Kusky, T.Wang, L., Jin, Z.M., Kusky, T., Xu, H.J., Liu, X.W.Microfabric characteristics and rheological significance of ultra high pressure metamorphosed jadeite quartzite and eclogite Shuanghe, Dabie Mtns.Journal of Metamorphic Geology, Vol. 28, 2, pp. 163-182.ChinaUHP
DS201112-0912
2011
Kusky, T.Santosh, M., Kusky, T., Wang, L.Supercontinent cycles, extreme metamorphic processes and changing fluid regimes.International Geology Review, Vol. 53, no. 11-12, pp. 1403-1423.MantleMetamorphism
DS201112-0913
2011
Kusky, T.Santosh, M., Kusky, T., Wang, L.Supercontinent cycles, extreme metamorphic processes, and changing fluid regimes.International Geology Review, Vol. 53, 11-12, pp. 1403-1423.GlobalGondwana
DS202012-2255
2020
Kusky, T.Windley, B.F., Kusky, T., Polat, A.Onset of plate tectonics by the Eoarchean. ( accretionary and collisional)Precambrian Research, in press available, 43p. PdfMantleplate tectonics

Abstract: One of the most contentious areas of Earth Science today is when, or whether or not modern-style plate tectonics was in operation in the Archean Eon. In this review we present evidence that the onset of plate tectonics was not at 3.2 Ga, as popularly conceived, but was in operation during the Eoarchean by at least ca. 4.0 Ga. Following a review of the main Eoarchean supracrustal belts of the world, constrained by relevant geochemical/isotopic data, we present evidence that suggests that from at least ca. 4.0 Ga Earth produced considerable juvenile mafic crust and consequent island arcs by Accretionary Cycle Plate Tectonics. From ~3.2 Ga there was a gradual transition in geodynamics to more abundant active continental margin magmatism in the form of voluminous TTGs and sanukitoids. From 3.2 Ga to 2.5 Ga juvenile oceanic crust and arcs continued to form, accompanied by more active continental margin magmatism until ~2.7-2.5 Ga, by which time there were sufficient crustal rocks to amalgamate into incipient large continents, the fragmentation of which started the first complete classical Wilson Cycle Plate Tectonics of breaking apart and re-assembling large continental masses. In other words, there were two types of plate tectonics in operation in the early Earth, Accretionary Cycle Plate Tectonics and Wilson Cycle Plate Tectonics, but Wilson Cycle type plate interactions only became more common after contiguous continental landmass became voluminous and extensive enough around 2.7-2.5 Ga. Failure to realize this dual mechanism of continental growth may lead to erroneous ideas such as "plate tectonics started at 3.2 Ga", or "mantle plumes generated early Archean magmatic rocks." We present new geochemical data that together with lithological and structural relationships, negate the various plume-type speculations including stagnant lids, heat pipes, and mushy-lid tectonics. It is interesting to consider that the way Earth’s crust developed in the first Gigayear of the geological record continued later, albeit in more advanced forms, into the Phanerozoic, where we can still recognize Accretionary Cycle Plate Tectonics and orogens still with short boundaries in examples including the Altaids of Central Asia, the Arabian-Nubian Shield, the Japanese Islands, and in incipient form in Indonesia, as well as Wilson Cycle Plate Tectonics that leads inexorably to continental collisions as in the Alpine-Himalayan orogen with its long plate boundaries. We recommend this holistic view of crustal growth and the evolution of continents that leads to a robust, viable, and testable model of Earth evolution.
DS202102-0235
2021
Kusky, T.Windley, B.F., Kusky, T., Polat, A.Onset of plate tectonics by the Eoarchean.Precambrian Research, doi.org/1-.1016/ j.precamres.2020 .105980, 43p. PdfMantleplate tectonics

Abstract: One of the most contentious areas of Earth Science today is when, or whether or not modern-style plate tectonics was in operation in the Archean Eon. In this review we present evidence that the onset of plate tectonics was not at 3.2 Ga, as popularly conceived, but was in operation during the Eoarchean by at least ca. 4.0 Ga. Following a review of the main Eoarchean supracrustal belts of the world, constrained by relevant geochemical/isotopic data, we present evidence that suggests that from at least ca. 4.0 Ga Earth produced considerable juvenile mafic crust and consequent island arcs by Accretionary Cycle Plate Tectonics. From ~3.2 Ga there was a gradual transition in geodynamics to more abundant active continental margin magmatism in the form of voluminous TTGs and sanukitoids. From 3.2 Ga to 2.5 Ga juvenile oceanic crust and arcs continued to form, accompanied by more active continental margin magmatism until ~2.7-2.5 Ga, by which time there were sufficient crustal rocks to amalgamate into incipient large continents, the fragmentation of which started the first complete classical Wilson Cycle Plate Tectonics of breaking apart and re-assembling large continental masses. In other words, there were two types of plate tectonics in operation in the early Earth, Accretionary Cycle Plate Tectonics and Wilson Cycle Plate Tectonics, but Wilson Cycle type plate interactions only became more common after contiguous continental landmass became voluminous and extensive enough around 2.7-2.5 Ga. Failure to realize this dual mechanism of continental growth may lead to erroneous ideas such as "plate tectonics started at 3.2 Ga", or "mantle plumes generated early Archean magmatic rocks." We present new geochemical data that together with lithological and structural relationships, negate the various plume-type speculations including stagnant lids, heat pipes, and mushy-lid tectonics. It is interesting to consider that the way Earth’s crust developed in the first Gigayear of the geological record continued later, albeit in more advanced forms, into the Phanerozoic, where we can still recognize Accretionary Cycle Plate Tectonics and orogens still with short boundaries in examples including the Altaids of Central Asia, the Arabian-Nubian Shield, the Japanese Islands, and in incipient form in Indonesia, as well as Wilson Cycle Plate Tectonics that leads inexorably to continental collisions as in the Alpine-Himalayan orogen with its long plate boundaries. We recommend this holistic view of crustal growth and the evolution of continents that leads to a robust, viable, and testable model of Earth evolution.
DS1985-0098
1985
Kusky, T.M.Burke, K., Kidd, W.S.F., Kusky, T.M.The Pongola Structure of Southeastern Africa: the World's Oldest Preserved Rift.Journal of GEODYNAMICS, Vol. 2, PP. 35-49.South Africa, SwazilandTectonics, Geochronology, Stratigraphy
DS1991-0941
1991
Kusky, T.M.Kusky, T.M.Structural development of an Archean orogen, western Point Lake, NorthwestTerritoriesTectonics, Vol. 10, No. 4, August pp. 820-841Northwest TerritoriesStructure, Orogen
DS1991-0942
1991
Kusky, T.M.Kusky, T.M., De Paor, D.G.Deformed sedimentary fabrics in metamorphic rocks: evidence from the Point Lake area, Slave Province, Northwest TerritoriesGeological Society of America (GSA) Bulletin, Vol. 103, No. 4, April pp. 486-503Northwest TerritoriesStructure -fabrics, Point Lake area
DS1992-0905
1992
Kusky, T.M.Kusky, T.M., Kidd, W.S.F.Remnants of an Archean oceanic plateau, Belingwe greenstone belt, ZimbabweGeology, Vol. 20, No. 1, January pp. 43-46ZimbabweCraton, Stratigraphy, structure
DS1993-0866
1993
Kusky, T.M.Kusky, T.M.Collapse of Archean orogens and the generation of late to post kinematicgranitoidsGeology, Vol. 21, No. 10, October pp. 925-928Northwest TerritoriesSlave Province, Mentions kimberlite activity
DS1993-0867
1993
Kusky, T.M.Kusky, T.M.Collapse of Archean orogens and the generation of late to post-kinematicgranitoidsGeology, Vol. 21, No. 10, October pp. 925-928Northwest TerritoriesSlave Province, Tectonics
DS1993-0868
1993
Kusky, T.M.Kusky, T.M., Lowman, Masuoka, BlodgetAnalysis of Seasat L Band Radar imagery of the West Bay Indin Lake faultsystemJournal of Geology, Vol. 101, pp. 623-32.Northwest TerritoriesRemote Sensing, Slave Province
DS1993-0869
1993
Kusky, T.M.Kusky, T.M., Lowman, P.D.Jr., Masuoka, P., Blodget, H.W.Analysis of Seasat L-Band radar imagery of the West Bay-Indin Lake FaultSystem, Northwest TerritoriesJournal of Geology, Vol. 101, No. 5, September pp. 623-632Northwest TerritoriesRemote Sensing
DS1998-0821
1998
Kusky, T.M.Kusky, T.M.Tectonic setting and terrane accretion of the Archean Zimbabwe cratonGeology, Vol. 26, No. 2, Feb. pp. 163-166ZimbabweCraton, Tokwe Terrane
DS1998-0822
1998
Kusky, T.M.Kusky, T.M.Tectonic setting and terrane accretion of the Archean Zimbabwe cratonGeology, Vol. 26, No. 2, Feb. pp. 163-166.ZimbabweTectonics, Craton
DS1999-0386
1999
Kusky, T.M.Kusky, T.M., Polat, A.Growth of granite greenstone terranes at convergent margins, and stabilization of Archean Cratons.Tectonophysics, Vol. 305, No. 1-3, May 10, pp. 43-74.GlobalCraton
DS2001-0640
2001
Kusky, T.M.Kusky, T.M., Loring, D.P.Structural and Uranium-Lead geochronology of superimposed folds, Adirondack Mountains: implications for tectonicJournal Geodynamics, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 395-418.New YorkLaurentia, Rodinia, dikes, Green Mounain, Grenville
DS2002-0940
2002
Kusky, T.M.Li, J., Kusky, T.M., Huang, X.Archean podiform chromitites and mantle tectonites in ophioltic melange, north Chin a Craton: a record of early oceanic mantle processes.Gsa Today, Vol.12,7,July, pp. 4-11.ChinaChromite, ophiolites, Tectonics
DS2003-0763
2003
Kusky, T.M.Kusky, T.M., Abdelsalam, M., Tucker, R.D., Stern, R.J.Evolution of the East African and related orogens, and the assembly of GondwanaPrecambrian Research, Vol. 123, 2-4, pp. 81-85.Gondwana, East Africa, TanzaniaBlank
DS2003-0764
2003
Kusky, T.M.Kusky, T.M., Li, J.Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the North Chin a CratonJournal of Asian Earth Sciences, Vol. 22, 4, pp. 383-97.ChinaTectonics
DS2003-0765
2003
Kusky, T.M.Kusky, T.M., Li, J.Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the North Chin a CratonJournal of Asian Earth Sciences, Vol. 22, 4, December, pp. 383-397.ChinaBlank
DS200412-1072
2003
Kusky, T.M.Kusky, T.M., Abdelsalam, M., Tucker, R.D., Stern, R.J.Evolution of the East African and related orogens, and the assembly of Gondwana.Precambrian Research, Vol. 123, 2-4, pp. 81-85.Gondwana, East Africa, TanzaniaTectonics
DS200412-1073
2003
Kusky, T.M.Kusky, T.M., Li, J.Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the North Chin a Craton.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, Vol. 22, 4, December, pp. 383-397.ChinaTectonics
DS200812-1308
2007
Kusky, T.M.Zhai, M-G., Windley, B.F., Kusky, T.M., Meng, Q.R.Mesozoic sub-continental lithospheric thinning under eastern Asia.New books, Tables of contents and costsAsiaNorth China Craton
DS200912-0102
2009
Kusky, T.M.Cawood, P.A., Kroner, A., Collins, W.J., Kusky, T.M., Mooney, W.D., Windley, B.F.Accretionary orogens through Earth history.Geological Society of London, Special Publication Earth Accretionary systems in Space and Time, No. 318, pp. 1-36.MantleOrogen
DS200912-0437
2009
Kusky, T.M.Li, S., Kusky, T.M., Liu, X., Zhang, G., Zhao, G., Wang, L., Wang, Y.Two stage collision related extrusion of the western Dabie HP-UHP metamorphic terranes, centra China: evidence from quartz c-axis fabrics and structures.Gondwana Research, Vol. 18, 2, pp. 294-309.ChinaUHP
DS201012-0287
2010
Kusky, T.M.Hou, G., Kusky, T.M., Wang, C., Wang, X.Mechanics of the giant radiating dyke swarm: a paleostress field modeling.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 115, B2, B02402.Canada, Northwest TerritoriesDyke morphology
DS201012-0418
2010
Kusky, T.M.Kusky, T.M., Toraman, E., Raharimahefa, T., Rasoazanamparany, C.Active tectonics of the Alatra Ankay graben system, Madagascar: possible extension of Somalian African diffusive plate boundary?Gondwana Research, Vol. 18, 2-3, pp. 274-294.Africa, MadagascarTectonics
DS201012-0830
2010
Kusky, T.M.Wang, L., Kusky, T.M., Li, S.Structural geometry of an exhumed UHP terrane in the eastern Sulu Orogen, China: implications for continental collisional processes.Journal of Structural Geology, Vol. 32, 4, pp. 423-440.ChinaUHP
DS201112-0562
2011
Kusky, T.M.Kusky, T.M.Geophysical and geological tests of tectonic models of the North Chin a craton.Gondwana Research, Vol. 20, 1, pp. 26-35.ChinaTectonics
DS201412-0492
2014
Kusky, T.M.Kusky, T.M., Li, X., Wang, Z., Fu, J., Ze, L., Zhu, P.Are Wilson cycles preserved in Archean cratons? A comparison of the North Chin and Slave cratons.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 51, 3, pp. 297-311.China, Canada, Northwest TerritoriesWilson cycle
DS201801-0079
2017
Kusky, T.M.Wang, Z., Kusky, T.M., Capitano, F.A.Water transportation ability of flat lying slabs in the mantle transition zone and implications for craton destruction.Tectonophysics, in press available, 53p.Mantlesubduction

Abstract: Water transported by deep subduction to the mantle transition zone (MTZ) that is eventually released and migrates upwards is invoked as a likely cause for hydroweakening and cratonic lithosphere destruction. The destruction of the North China Craton (NCC) during the Mesozoic has been proposed to be related to hydroweakening. However, the source of water related to large-scale craton destruction in the NCC is poorly constrained. Some suggest that the water was mainly released from a flat-lying (or stagnating) slab in the MTZ, whereas others posit that most water was released from a previously existing strongly hydrous MTZ then perturbed by the stagnating subduction in the MTZ layer. In this study, we use numerical modeling to evaluate the water carrying ability of flat-lying slabs in the MTZ with different slab ages and water contents to simulate its maximum value and discuss its potential role on large-scale hydroweakening and craton destruction. Our results reveal that a single flat-lying slab in the MTZ cannot provide enough water for large-scale cratonic lithosphere hydroweakening and thinning. Water estimates invoked for craton destruction as experienced by the NCC can only be the result of long-term piling of multiple slabs in the MTZ or penetrating deeper into the lower mantle.
DS201802-0279
2018
Kusky, T.M.Wang, Z., Kusky, T.M., Capitanio, F.A.Water transportation ability of flat lying slabs in the mantle transition zone and implications for craton destruction.Tectonophysics, Vol. 723, pp. 95-106.Mantlesubduction

Abstract: Water transported by deep subduction to the mantle transition zone (MTZ) that is eventually released and migrates upwards is invoked as a likely cause for hydroweakening and cratonic lithosphere destruction. The destruction of the North China Craton (NCC) during the Mesozoic has been proposed to be related to hydroweakening. However, the source of water related to large-scale craton destruction in the NCC is poorly constrained. Some suggest that the water was mainly released from a flat-lying (or stagnating) slab in the MTZ, whereas others posit that most water was released from a previously existing strongly hydrous MTZ then perturbed by the stagnating subduction in the MTZ layer. In this study, we use numerical modeling to evaluate the water carrying ability of flat-lying slabs in the MTZ with different slab ages and water contents to simulate its maximum value and discuss its potential role on large-scale hydroweakening and craton destruction. Our results reveal that a single flat-lying slab in the MTZ cannot provide enough water for large-scale cratonic lithosphere hydroweakening and thinning. Water estimates invoked for craton destruction as experienced by the NCC can only be the result of long-term piling of multiple slabs in the MTZ or penetrating deeper into the lower mantle.
DS201810-2389
2018
Kusky, T.M.Wang, Z., Kusky, T.M., Capitanio, F.A.On the role of the lower crust and midlithosphere discontinuity for cratonic lithosphere delamination and recycling.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, 15, pp. 7425-7433.Chinacraton

Abstract: We use numerical modeling mothed to study the lithosheric delamination in cratonic areas along the intralithosphere weak layers, including the lower crust and the midlithosphere dicontinuity. Our results show that delamination along the midlithosphere discontinuity can take place both near cratonic margins and within cratonic interiors without obvious intraplate deformation. However, delamination along lower crustal depths is mainly initiate at cratonic margins and can lead to intraplate orogeny.
DS201902-0332
2018
Kusky, T.M.Wang, Z, Kusky, T.M., Capitanio, F.A.Water transportation ability of flat lying slabs in the mantle transition zone and implications for craton destruction.Tectonophysics, Vol. 723, pp. 95-106.Mantlecraton

Abstract: Water transported by deep subduction to the mantle transition zone (MTZ) that is eventually released and migrates upwards is invoked as a likely cause for hydroweakening and cratonic lithosphere destruction. The destruction of the North China Craton (NCC) during the Mesozoic has been proposed to be related to hydroweakening. However, the source of water related to large-scale craton destruction in the NCC is poorly constrained. Some suggest that the water was mainly released from a flat-lying (or stagnating) slab in the MTZ, whereas others posit that most water was released from a previously existing strongly hydrous MTZ then perturbed by the stagnating subduction in the MTZ layer. In this study, we use numerical modeling to evaluate the water carrying ability of flat-lying slabs in the MTZ with different slab ages and water contents to simulate its maximum value and discuss its potential role on large-scale hydroweakening and craton destruction. Our results reveal that a single flat-lying slab in the MTZ cannot provide enough water for large-scale cratonic lithosphere hydroweakening and thinning. Water estimates invoked for craton destruction as experienced by the NCC can only be the result of long-term piling of multiple slabs in the MTZ or penetrating deeper into the lower mantle.
DS201903-0551
2019
Kusky, T.M.Wang, Z., Kusky, T.M.The importance of a weak mid-lithospheric layer on the evolution of the cratonic lithosphere.Earth-Science Reviews, Vol. 190, pp. 557-569.Mantlecraton

Abstract: Seismically detectable discontinuities at mid-depths of some cratonic lithospheric mantle define mid-lithosphere discontinuities (MLD), demonstrating that the lithospheric mantle is layered. The genesis and strength of the MLD are still in debate, most proposed models suggest the MLD is likely not weaker than the normal lithosphere, whereas other proposed models suggest that some metasomatised MLD rocks are weaker than the normal lithospheric mantle rocks. Thus, the weak MLD is likely a weakly-coupled layer at mid-depths in some cratonic lithosphere blocks, possibly influencing their stabilities. We assess the geodynamic significance of the MLD using geodynamic modeling. We propose that a weak MLD, with lower effective viscosity, can be connected to thinned cratonic margins during the evolution of some cratons and form continuously connected weak zones from cratonic margins to craton interiors, which can lead to lithospheric thinning or removal by extension, basal drag, delamination, thermochemical erosion, and other actions. Through analyzing different scenarios, we propose that some samples of weak MLDs can be found in a composite ophiolite profile formed on the Precambrian Karelian continental margin, with both continental and oceanic lithosphere, which is supported by chronological, petrological, and structural architectures of the profile. This creates new opportunities to directly study the properties of the MLD, which could help understand and settle the controversies on the origin of the MLD and its physical, chemical, and geophysical properties.
DS202205-0731
2022
Kusky, T.M.Wang, Z., Kusky, T.M., Wang, L.Long-lasting viscous drainage of eclogites from the cratonic lithospheric mantle after Archean subduction stacking.Geology , Vol. 50, 5, pp.583-587.Mantleeclogites

Abstract: The origin of early continental lithosphere is enigmatic. Characteristics of eclogitic components in the cratonic lithospheric mantle (CLM) indicate that some CLM was likely constructed by stacking of subducted oceanic lithosphere in the Archean. However, the dynamic process of converting high-density, eclogite-bearing subducted oceanic lithosphere to buoyant CLM remains unclear. We investigate this process through numerical modeling and show that some subducted and stacked eclogites can be segregated into the asthenosphere through an episodic viscous drainage process lasting billions of years. This process increases the chemical buoyancy of the CLM, stabilizes the CLM, and promotes the preservation and redistribution of the eclogites in the CLM, explaining the current status of early subduction relicts in the CLM revealed by geophysical and petrological studies. Our results also demonstrate that the subduction stacking hypothesis does not conflict with the longevity of CLM.
DS200812-0095
2008
Kustowski, B.Becker, T., Kustowski, B., Ekstrom, G.Radial seismic anisotropy as a constraint for upper mantle rheology.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 267, 1-2, pp.213-227.MantleGeophysics - seismics
DS200812-0619
2008
Kustowski, B.Kustowski, B., Ekstrom, G., Dziewonski, A.M.Anisotropic shear wave velocity structure of the Earth's mantle: a global model.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, B6306.MantleModel
DS200812-0620
2008
Kustowski, B.Kustowski, B., Ekstrom, G., Dziewonski, A.M.Anisotropic shear wave velocity structure of the Earth's mantle: a global model.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, B06306MantleTomography
DS2003-0673
2003
Kusumoto, S.Joseph, E.J., Segawa, J., Kusumoto, S., Nakayama, E., Ishihara, T., KomazawaAirborne gravimetry - a new gravimeter system and test resultsExploration Geophysics, Vol. 34, 1-2, pp. 82-86.GlobalGeophysics - gravimetry not specific to diamonds
DS200412-0932
2003
Kusumoto, S.Joseph, E.J., Segawa, J., Kusumoto, S., Nakayama, E., Ishihara, T., Komazawa, M., Sakuma, S.Airborne gravimetry - a new gravimeter system and test results.Exploration Geophysics, Vol. 34, 1-2, pp. 82-86.TechnologyGeophysics - gravimetry not specific to diamonds
DS201012-0664
2010
Kusz, J.Satikune, S., Zubko, M., Hager, T., Kusz, J., Hofmeister, W.Mineral chemistry and structural relationships of inclusions in diamond crystals. Koffiefontein and FinschInternational Mineralogical Association meeting August Budapest, abstract p. 25.Africa, South AfricaDiamond inclusions
DS1990-1067
1990
Kusznir, N.Morley, C., Kusznir, N.Application of the flexural cantilever model of continental extension To the formation of the Lake Tanganyika Rift, East KenyaEos, Vol. 71, No. 43, October 23, p. 1605 AbstractKenyaTectonics, Rift
DS1993-1713
1993
Kusznir, N.Westaway, R., Kusznir, N.Fault and bed rotation during continental extension: block rotation or vertical shear?Journal of Structural Geology, Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 753-770GlobalStructure, Rheology of basement
DS200712-1044
2006
Kusznir, N.Stephenson, R.A., Yegorova, T., Brunet, M.F., Stovba, S., Wilson, M., Starostenko, V., Saintot, A., Kusznir, N.Late Paleozoic intra- and pericratonic basins on the East European Craton and its margins.Geological Society of London Memoir, No. 32, pp. 463-480.Europe, Baltic ShieldCraton
DS1991-0943
1991
Kusznir, N.J.Kusznir, N.J.The distribution of stress with depth in the lithosphere-thermo-rheological and geodynamic constraintsPhil. Transactions Royal Society of London, Vol. 337, No. 1645, October 15, pp. 95-110GlobalGeodynamics, Mantle
DS1994-1087
1994
Kusznir, N.J.Magnavita, L.P., Davison, I., Kusznir, N.J.Rifting, erosion and uplift history of the Reconcavo Tucano Jatoba Rift, northeast Brasil.Tectonics, Vol. 13, No. 2, Apr. pp. 367-88.BrazilTectonics
DS1996-1438
1996
Kusznir, N.J.Toth, J., Kusznir, N.J., Flint, S.S.A flexural isostatic model of lithosphere shortening and foreland basinformation: application CordilleraTectonics, Vol. 15, No. 1, Feb. pp. 213-223ArgentinaCordillera -eastern, Subandean belt, Lithosphere rheology
DS200412-1074
2004
Kusznir, N.J.Kusznir, N.J., Hunsdale, R., Roberts, A.M.Timing of depth dependent lithosphere stretching on the S. LOfoten rifted margin offshore mid-Norway: pre-breakup or post-breakuBasin Research, Vol. 16, pp. 279-296.Europe, NorwayGeothermometry, extension
DS200812-0024
2008
Kusznir, N.J.Alvey, A., Gaina, C.,Kusznir, N.J., Torsvik, T.H.Integrated crustal thickness mapping and plate reconstructions for the high Arctic.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, In press availableCanada, Arctic, GreenlandTectonics, plate, lithosphere
DS201702-0213
2017
Kutasov, I.Eppelbaum, L., Kutasov, I., Pilchin, A.Markers of thermal conditions within lithosphere. Lecture Notes in Earth Science Systems, Pt. 6.4, 51p. pdfMantleGeothermometry
DS201907-1542
2019
Kutasov, I.M.Eppelbaum, L.V., Kutasov, I.M.Well drilling in permafrost regions: dynamics of the thawed zone.Polar Research, Vol. 20, 3351 9p. PdfGlobalpermafrost

Abstract: In the cold regions, warm mud is usually used to drill deep wells. This mud causes formation thawing around wells, and as a rule is an uncertain parameter. For frozen soils, ice serves as a cementing material, so the strength of frozen soils is significantly reduced at the ice-water transition. If the thawing soil cannot withstand the load of overlying layers, consolidation will take place, and the corresponding settlement can cause significant surface shifts. Therefore, for long-term drilling or oil/gas production, the radius of thawing should be estimated to predict platform stability and the integrity of the well. It is known that physical properties of formations are drastically changed at the thawing-freezing transition. When interpreting geophysical logs, it is therefore important to know the radius of thawing and its dynamics during drilling and shut-in periods. We have shown earlier that for a cylindrical system the position of the phase interface in the Stefan problem can be approximated through two functions: one function determines the position of the melting-temperature isotherm in the problem without phase transitions, and the second function does not depend on time. For the drilling period, we will use this approach to estimate the radius of thawing. For the shut-in period, we will utilize an empirical equation based on the results of numerical modelling.
DS202002-0182
2019
Kutasov, I.M.Eppelbaum, L.V., Kutasov, I.M.Well drilling in permafrost regions: dynamics of the thawed zone. ( not specific to diamonds)Polar Research, Vol. 38, 3351 9p. PdfRussiapermafrost

Abstract: In the cold regions, warm mud is usually used to drill deep wells. This mud causes formation thawing around wells, and as a rule is an uncertain parameter. For frozen soils, ice serves as a cementing material, so the strength of frozen soils is significantly reduced at the ice-water transition. If the thawing soil cannot withstand the load of overlying layers, consolidation will take place, and the corresponding settlement can cause significant surface shifts. Therefore, for long-term drilling or oil/gas production, the radius of thawing should be estimated to predict platform stability and the integrity of the well. It is known that physical properties of formations are drastically changed at the thawing-freezing transition. When interpreting geophysical logs, it is therefore important to know the radius of thawing and its dynamics during drilling and shut-in periods. We have shown earlier that for a cylindrical system the position of the phase interface in the Stefan problem can be approximated through two functions: one function determines the position of the melting-temperature isotherm in the problem without phase transitions, and the second function does not depend on time. For the drilling period, we will use this approach to estimate the radius of thawing. For the shut-in period, we will utilize an empirical equation based on the results of numerical modelling.
DS202205-0698
2022
Kutcherov, V.Kutcherov, V., Ivanov, K., Mukhina, E., Serovaiskii, A.Deep hydrocarbon cycle: an experimental simulation.Carbon in Earth's Interior, Geophysical Monograph , Vol. 249, Chapter 26, pp. 329- 12p. PdfMantlecarbon

Abstract: The concept of a deep hydrocarbon cycle is proposed based on results of experimental modeling of the transformation of hydrocarbons under extreme thermobaric conditions. Hydrocarbons immersed in the subducting slab generally maintain stability to a depth of 50 km. With deeper immersion, the integrity of the traps is disrupted and the hydrocarbon fluid contacts the surrounding ferrous minerals, forming a mixture of iron hydride and iron carbide. This iron carbide transported into the asthenosphere by convective flows can react with hydrogen or water and form an aqueous hydrocarbon fluid that can migrate through deep faults into the Earth's crust and form multilayer oil and gas deposits. Other carbon donors in addition to iron carbide from the subducting slab exist in the asthenosphere. These donors can serve as a source of deep hydrocarbons that participate in the deep hydrocarbon cycle, as well as an additional feed for the general upward flow of the water-hydrocarbon fluid. Geological data on the presence of hydrocarbons in ultrabasites squeezed from a slab indicate that complex hydrocarbon systems may exist in a slab at considerable depths. This confirms our experimental results, indicating the stability of hydrocarbons to a depth of 50 km.
DS1990-0586
1990
KutenGordeeev, V.A., Gorelkin, YY., Nevinny, N.N., Gelfand, R.B., KutenHyperfine interactions of muonium and hydrogen in silicon and diamond-quantum chemical calculationsHyper. Inter, Vol. 60, No. 1-4, August pp. 723-726GlobalDiamond morphology, MuoniuM.
DS200512-0584
2002
Kutikova, V.V.Kultkov, V.S., Kutikova, V.V.High magnesian volcanic rocks of the Precambrian in Russian Fennoscandia.Deep Seated Magmatism, magmatism sources and the problem of plumes., pp. 118-131.Europe, FennoscandiaVolcanism
DS1950-0482
1959
Kutil, J.Kourimsky, J., Kutil, J.Prispevek K Luminescenci DiamanterSbornik Narobniho Musea V Praze Acata Musei Nationalis Praga, Vol. 15, B., No. 5, PP. 185-228.GlobalBlank
DS1975-0319
1976
Kutina, J.Kutina, J.Relationship between the Distribution of Big Endogenic Ore Deposits and the Basement Fracture Pattern-examples from Four Continents.Proceedings FIRST International CONFERENCE ON BASEMENT TECTONICS, UTAH G, No. 1, PP. 565-593.GlobalMid-continent
DS1988-0389
1988
Kutina, J.Kutina, J.Criteria indicating a block structure of the Upper mantle and its role inmetallogenyI.a.g.o.d., Proceedings Of The Seventh Quadrennial Iagod Symposium, Vol. 7, pp. 111-120MidcontinentTectonics, Geophysics
DS1991-0944
1991
Kutina, J.Kutina, J.Metallogeny of mantle-rooted structures extending across the western edge of the Proterozoic North American cratonGlobal Tectonics and Metallogeny, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2 September pp. 21-52Cordillera, Wyoming, Colorado, UtahMetallogeny, Craton
DS1995-1042
1995
Kutina, J.Kutina, J.Setting of the rare earth elements (REE) deposits of the Bayan Obo, Mushugay-Khudak, Cholsan In the pattern -structure...Global Tectonics and Metallogeny, Vol. 5, No. 1-2, Oct. pp. 69-72.China, Mongolia, KoreaCarbonatite, transregional structure, Deposit -Bayan Obo
DS1996-0798
1996
Kutina, J.Kutina, J.The role of mantle rooted structural discontinuities in concentration ofmetalsGlobal Tectonics and Metallogeny, Vol. 5, No. 3-4, p. 79-102GlobalMetallogeny, Structure
DS1996-0799
1996
Kutina, J.Kutina, J.Possible relationships between mantle convection and deep structure of the lithosphere - mineral explorationGlobal Tectonics and Metallogeny, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 35-39MantleTectonics, MOHO, Discontinuities
DS1999-0387
1999
Kutina, J.Kutina, J.Global similarities in the spacing of east west trending mantle rooted structural discontinuities.Global Tectonics and Met., Vol. 7, No. 1, Feb. pp. 53-54.MantleGeophysics - discontinuity, Tectonics - structure
DS1999-0388
1999
Kutina, J.Kutina, J.Are there patterns of inter connected structural discontinuities in deep parts of the lithosphere?Global Tectonics and Met., Vol. 7, No. 1, Feb. pp. 7-12.MantleLithosphere, Tectonics - structure - MOHO discontinuty
DS2000-0038
2000
KutolinAshchepkov, V., Saphonova, Cheremnykh, Esin, KutolinXenoliths and basalts from the Sovgavan Plateau: regularities of mantle structure.Igc 30th. Brasil, Aug. abstract only 1p.MantleMagmatism - subduction, Basanites, websterites
DS1982-0354
1982
Kutolin, V.A.Kutolin, V.A.New Dat a on the Composition of the Upper Mantle and Some Problems of the Origin of Magmatic Formations.Soviet Geology And Geophysics, Vol. 23, No. 9, PP. 1-6.RussiaKimberlite, Genesis, Lherzolites
DS200812-1116
2008
KutscheraSteier, P., Liechtenstein, V.K., Djokic, D., Golser, R., Wallner, A., Alexeev, A.G., Khrunov, V.S., KutscheraCharacterization and improvement of thin natural diamond detectors for spectrometry of heavy ions below 1 MeV/amu.Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A., Vol. 590, 1-3, pp. 221-226.TechnologySpectrometry
DS1950-0026
1950
Kuttner, R.Gallagher, W.S., Kuttner, R.The Application of Long Hole Drilling to Diamond MiningAssociation MINE MANAGERS TRANSVAAL Circular, No. 8/50, 42P.South AfricaMining
DS202006-0914
2020
Kutyrev, A.V.Chayka, I.F., Sobolev, A.V., Izokh, A.E., Batanova, V.G., Krasheninnikov, S.P., Chervyakovskaya, M.V., Kontonikas-Charos, A., Kutyrev, A.V., Lobastov, B.M., Chervyakovskiy, V.S.Fingerprints of kamafugite-like magmas in Mesozoic lamproites of the Aldan Shield: evidence from olivine and olivine-hosted inclusions.Minerals, Vol. 10, 4, 30p.Russia, Siberiadeposit - Ryabinoviy

Abstract: Mesozoic (125-135 Ma) cratonic low-Ti lamproites from the northern part of the Aldan Shield do not conform to typical classification schemes of ultrapotassic anorogenic rocks. Here we investigate their origins by analyzing olivine and olivine-hosted inclusions from the Ryabinoviy pipe, a well preserved lamproite intrusion within the Aldan Shield. Four types of olivine are identified: (1) zoned phenocrysts, (2) high-Mg, high-Ni homogeneous macrocrysts, (3) high-Ca and low-Ni olivine and (4) mantle xenocrysts. Olivine compositions are comparable to those from the Mediterranean Belt lamproites (Olivine-1 and -2), kamafugites (Olivine-3) and leucitites. Homogenized melt inclusions (MIs) within olivine-1 phenocrysts have lamproitic compositions and are similar to the host rocks, whereas kamafugite-like compositions are obtained for melt inclusions within olivine-3. Estimates of redox conditions indicate that “lamproitic” olivine crystallized from anomalously oxidized magma (?NNO +3 to +4 log units.). Crystallization of "kamafugitic" olivine occurred under even more oxidized conditions, supported by low V/Sc ratios. We consider high-Ca olivine (3) to be a fingerprint of kamafugite-like magmatism, which also occurred during the Mesozoic and slightly preceded lamproitic magmatism. Our preliminary genetic model suggests that low-temperature, extension-triggered melting of mica- and carbonate-rich veined subcontitental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) generated the kamafugite-like melts. This process exhausted carbonate and affected the silicate assemblage of the veins. Subsequent and more extensive melting of the modified SCLM produced volumetrically larger lamproitic magmas. This newly recognized kamafugitic "fingerprint" further highlights similarities between the Aldan Shield potassic province and the Mediterranean Belt, and provides evidence of an overlap between "orogenic" and "anorogenic" varieties of low-Ti potassic magmatism. Moreover, our study also demonstrates that recycled subduction components are not an essential factor in the petrogenesis of low-Ti lamproites, kamafugites and leucitites.
DS1996-0800
1996
Kutznetsov, A.A.Kutznetsov, A.A.The Anabar shield and geochemical features of the crystalline rocks in the Early crust.Geochemistry International, Vol. 33, No. 2, Feb. 1, pp. 115-123.RussiaGeochemistry, Anabar shield
DS200612-0755
2006
Kuusisto, M.Kuusisto, M., Kukkonen, L.T., Heikkinen, P., Pesonen, L.J.Lithological interpretation of crustal composition in the Fennoscandian Shield with seismic velocity data.Tectonophysics, in pressEurope, Finland, FennoscandiaGeophysics - seismics, wide-angle reflection
DS200812-0614
2008
Kuusisto, M.Kukkonen, I.T., Kuusisto, M., Lehonen, M., Peltonen, P.Delamination of eclogitized lower crust: control on the crust-mantle boundary in the central Fennoscandian shield.Tectonophysics, Vol. 457, pp. 111-127.Europe, FinlandKimberlites discussed
DS202007-1165
2020
Kuvshinov, A.V.Munch, F.D., Grayver, A.V., Guzavina, M., Kuvshinov, A.V., Khan, A.Joint inversion of daily and long period geomagnetic transfer functions reveals lateral variations in mantle water content.Journal of Geophysical Letters, Vol. 47, e2020GL087222Mantlewater

Abstract: The amount of water trapped in the Earth's interior has a strong effect on the evolution and dynamics of the planet, which ultimately controls the occurrence of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. However, the distribution of water inside the Earth is not yet well understood. To study the Earth's deep interior, we make use of changes in the Earth's magnetic field to detect variations in electrical conductivity inside the planet. Electrical conductivity is a characteristic of a rock that varies with temperature and water content. Here, we present a novel methodology to estimate the amount of water in different regions of Earth's mantle. Our analysis suggests the presence of small amounts of water in the mantle underneath Europe, whereas larger amounts are expected beneath North America and northern Asia.
DS201812-2835
2018
Kuwahara, H.Kuwahara, H., Nomura, R., Nakada, R., Irifune, T.Simultaneous determination of melting phase relations of mantle peridotite and mid-ocean ridge basalt at the uppermost lower mantle conditions.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 284, pp. 36-50.Mantleperidotite

Abstract: Interpretation of melting phase relationships of mantle peridotite and subducted basaltic crust is important for understanding chemical heterogeneity in the Earth’s interior. Although numerous studies have conducted melting experiments on peridotite and mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), and suggested that the solidus temperature of MORB is lower than that of peridotite at whole mantle pressure conditions, both solidus temperatures overlap within their uncertainties. In this study, we conducted simultaneous experiments on KLB-1 peridotite and normal MORB (N-MORB) at pressures from 25?GPa to 27?GPa and temperatures from 2398?K to 2673?K, to compare the solidus temperatures and their melting phase relations. The experimental results show that the solidus temperature of the N-MORB is nearly identical to the KLB-1 peridotite at 25?GPa but lower at 27?GPa. In addition, we found that the crossover of melt fractions between KLB-1 peridotite and N-MORB occurs at 25-27?GPa. These changes are likely to be attributed to the majorite-bridgmanite transition of MORB. This indicates that the dominant melting component may change depending on the location of the uppermost lower mantle. Our calculation result on the density of partial melts along the mantle geotherm suggests that partial melts of KLB-1 peridotite are gravitationally stable around the top of the transition zone, whereas partial melts of N-MORB are gravitationally stable even at the top of lower mantle. These results suggest that the distribution of partial melts may be different between KLB-1 peridotite and N-MORB in the deep Earth. Our results may be useful for understanding the fate of partial melts of peridotitic mantle and recycled basaltic crust.
DS200812-0621
2008
Kuwayama, Y.Kuwayama, Y., Horise, K., Sata, N., Ohisi, Y.Phase relations of iron and iron-nickel alloys up to 300 GPa:implications for composition and structure of the Earth's inner core.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 273, 3-4 pp. 379-385.MantleCore, chemistry
DS201412-0646
2014
Kuwayama, Y.Ohta, K., Fujino, K., Kuwayama, Y., Kondo, T., Shimizu, K., Ohishi, Y.Highly conductive iron rich (Mg, Fe) O magnesiowustite and its stability in the Earth's lower mantle.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 119, no. 6, pp. 4656-4665.MantleMineralogy
DS201504-0225
2015
Kuwayama, Y.Tateno, S., Kuwayama, Y., Hirose, K., Ohishi, Y.The structure of Fe-Si alloy in Earth's inner core.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 418, pp. 11-18.MantleCore
DS201601-0034
2015
Kuwayama, Y.Nakajima, Y., Imada, S., Hirose, K., Komabayashi, T., Ozawa, H., Tateno, S., Tsutsui, S., Kuwayama, Y., Baron, A.Q.R.Carbon depleated outer core revealed by sound velocity measurements of liquid iron-carbon alloy.Nature Communications, 10.1038/ NCOMMS9942MantleCarbon

Abstract: The relative abundance of light elements in the Earth’s core has long been controversial. Recently, the presence of carbon in the core has been emphasized, because the density and sound velocities of the inner core may be consistent with solid Fe7C3. Here we report the longitudinal wave velocity of liquid Fe84C16 up to 70?GPa based on inelastic X-ray scattering measurements. We find the velocity to be substantially slower than that of solid iron and Fe3C and to be faster than that of liquid iron. The thermodynamic equation of state for liquid Fe84C16 is also obtained from the velocity data combined with previous density measurements at 1 bar. The longitudinal velocity of the outer core, about 4% faster than that of liquid iron, is consistent with the presence of 4-5 at.% carbon. However, that amount of carbon is too small to account for the outer core density deficit, suggesting that carbon cannot be a predominant light element in the core.
DS201912-2808
2019
Kuwayama, Y.Oka, K., Hirose, K., Tagawa, S., Kidokoro, Y., Nakajima, Y., Kuwayama, Y., Morard, G., Coudurier, N., Fiquet, G.Melting in the Fe-FeO system to 204 GPa: implications for oxygen in Earth's core.American Mineralogist, Vol. 104, pp. 1603-1607.Mantlemelting

Abstract: We performed melting experiments on Fe-O alloys up to 204 GPa and 3500 K in a diamond-anvil cell (DAC) and determined the liquidus phase relations in the Fe-FeO system based on textural and chemical characterizations of recovered samples. Liquid-liquid immiscibility was observed up to 29 GPa. Oxygen concentration in eutectic liquid increased from >8 wt% O at 44 GPa to 13 wt% at 204 GPa and is extrapolated to be about 15 wt% at the inner core boundary (ICB) conditions. These results support O-rich liquid core, although oxygen cannot be a single core light element. We estimated the range of possible liquid core compositions in Fe-O-Si-C-S and found that the upper bounds for silicon and carbon concentrations are constrained by the crystallization of dense inner core at the ICB.
DS201212-0717
2012
Kuwayma, Y.Tange, Y., Kuwayma, Y., Irifune, T., Funakoshi, K-I., Ohishi, Y.P-V-T equation of state of MgSiO3 perovskite based on the MgO pressure scale: a comprehensive reference for mineralogy of the lower mantle.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 117, B6, B06201MantlePerovskite
DS200512-1151
2004
Kuzenko, T.I.Volodichev, O.I.,Slabunov, A.I., Bibikova, E.V., Konilov, A.N., Kuzenko, T.I.Archean eclogites in the Belomorian mobile belt, Baltic Shield.Petrology, Vol. 12, 6, pp. 540-560.Russia, Baltic ShieldEclogite
DS1986-0830
1986
Kuzetsova, L.G.Vasilenko, V.B., Kuzetsova, L.G.Petrochemical model of the kimberlite formation of YakutiaSoviet Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 27, No. 7, pp. 73-83RussiaPetrology, Kimberlite
DS201312-0605
2013
Kuzmichev, A.B.Miller, E.L., Solovev, A.V., Prokopiev, A.V., Toro, J., Harris, D., Kuzmichev, A.B., Gehrels, G.E.Triassic river systems and the paleo-Pacific margin of northwestern Pangea. Lena River systemGondwana Research, Vol. 23, 4, pp. 1631-1645.RussiaSource areas
DS200812-0537
2008
KuzminKamenetsky, M.B., Kamenenetsky, V.S., Sobolev, A.V., Golovin, Sharygin, Demouchy, Faure, KuzminOlivine in the Udachnaya East kimberlite ( Yakutia, Russia): morphology, compositional zoning and origin.9IKC.com, 3p. extended abstractRussiaDeposit - Udachnaya petrograaphy
DS200812-0541
2008
KuzminKamenetsky, V.S., Kamentsky, M.B., Sobolev, A.V., Golovin, A.V., Demouchy, S., Faure, Sharygin, KuzminOlivine in the Udachnaya east kimberlite ( Yakutia, Russia): types, compositions and origins.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 49, 4, pp. 823-839.Russia, YakutiaDeposit - Udachnaya
DS201112-0264
2011
KuzminDenison, V.N., Mavrin, Serebryanaya, Dubitsky, Aksenenkov, Kirichenko, Kuzmin, kulnitsky, PerehoginFirst priniples, UV Raman, X-ray diffraction and TEM study of the structure and lattic dynamics of the diamond lonsdaleite system.Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 20, 7, pp. 951-953.TechnologyLonsdaleite
DS201112-0640
2011
KuzminMalkovets, V.G., Zedgenizov, Sobolev, Kuzmin, Gibsher, Shchukina, Golovin, Verichev, PokhilenkoContents of trace elements in olivines from diamonds and peridotite xenoliths of the V.Grib kimberlite pipe ( Arkhangel'sk Diamondiferous province, Russia).Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 436, 2, pp. 301-307.RussiaDeposit - Grib
DS200612-0655
2006
Kuzmin, A.J.D.V.Kamenetsky, M.B., Kamenetsky, V.S., Crawford, Chung, S-L., Kuzmin, A.J.D.V., Sobolev, A.V.Heterogeneous primary melts of the Emeishan picrites: contribution from eclogite to plume magmas.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 70, 18, p. 2. abstract only.ChinaEclogite
DS201611-2150
2016
Kuzmin, D.Ziberna, L., Nimis, P., Kuzmin, D., Malkovets, V.G.Error sources in single clinopyroxene thermobarometry and a mantle geotherm for the Novinka kimberlite, Yakutia. Upper Muna fieldAmerican Mineralogist, Vol. 101, pp. 222-2232.RussiaDeposit - Novinka

Abstract: A new suite of 173 clinopyroxene grains from heavy-mineral concentrates of the diamondiferous Novinka kimberlite (Upper Muna field, Yakutia) has been analyzed for major and minor elements with an electron microprobe to perform a thermobarometric study and model the thermal structure of the Archean Upper Muna lithospheric mantle. Scrupulous evaluation of propagation of analytical uncertainties on pressure estimates revealed that (1) the single-clinopyroxene geobarometer can be very sensitive to analytical uncertainties for particular clinopyroxene compositions, and that (2) most clinopyroxenes from Novinka have compositions that are sensitive to analytical uncertainties, notwithstanding their apparent compositional suitability for single-clinopyroxene thermobarometry based on previously proposed application limits. A test on various mantle clinopyroxenes containing different proportions of the sensitive elements Cr, Na, and Al allowed us to identify clinopyroxene compositions that produce unacceptably high propagated errors and to define appropriate analytical conditions (i.e., higher beam currents and longer counting times for specific elements) that allow precise P-T estimates to be obtained for sensitive compositions. Based on the results of our analytical test, and taking into account the intrinsic limitations of the single-clinopyroxene thermobarometer, we have designed a new protocol for optimum thermobarometry, which uses partly revised compositional filters. The new protocol permits precise computation of the conductive paleogeotherm at Novinka with the single-clinopyroxene thermobarometer of Nimis and Taylor (2000). Thermal modeling of the resulting P-T estimates indicates a ~34 mW/m2 surface heat flow, a thermal lithosphere thickness of ~225 km, and an over 100 km thick “diamond window” beneath Novinka in the middle Paleozoic (344-361 Ma). We estimate that appropriate analytical conditions may extend the applicability of single-clinopyroxene thermobarometry to over 90% of clinopyroxene-bearing garnet peridotites and pyroxenites and to ~70% of chromian-diopside inclusions in diamonds. In all cases, application to clinopyroxenes with Cr/(Cr+Al)mol < 0.1 is not recommended. We confirm the tendency of the single-clinopyroxene barometer to progressively underestimate pressure at P > 4.5 GPa.
DS200612-0253
2006
Kuzmin, D.V.Chupin, V.P., Kuzmin, D.V., Madyukov, I.A.Melt inclusions in minerals of scapolite bearing granulite (lower crustal xenoliths from diatremes of the Pamirs).Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 407, 3, pp. 507-511.RussiaXenoliths
DS200612-1330
2006
Kuzmin, D.V.Sobolev, N.V., Logvinova, A.M., Zedgenizov, D.A., Kuzmin, D.V., Sobolev, A.V.Olivine inclusions in Siberian diamonds: high precision approach to trace elements.International Mineralogical Association 19th. General Meeting, held Kobe, Japan July 23-28 2006, Abstract p. 137.Russia, SiberiaGeochemistry - mineral inclusiosn
DS200712-0903
2007
Kuzmin, D.V.Rohrbach, A., Ballhaus, C., Golla-Schindler, U., Ulmer, P., Kamenetsky, V.S., Kuzmin, D.V.Metal saturation in the upper mantle.Nature, Vol. 449, no. 7161, Sept. 27, pp.456-458.MantleOxygen fugacity
DS200812-1047
2007
Kuzmin, D.V.Sharygin, V.V., Szabo, C., Kothay, K., Timina, T.Ju., Peto, MN., Torok, K., Vapnik, Y., Kuzmin, D.V.Rhonite in silica undersaturated alkali basalts: inferences on silicate melt inclusions in olivine phenocrysts.Vladykin Volume 2007, pp. 157-182.RussiaPetrology
DS200812-1091
2008
Kuzmin, D.V.Sobolev, A.V., Hofmann, A.W., Brugmann, G., Batanova, V.G., Kuzmin, D.V.A quantitative link between recycling and osmium isotopes.Science, Vol. 321, 5888, July 25, p. 536.MantleSubduction
DS200812-1092
2008
Kuzmin, D.V.Sobolev, N.V., Logvinova, A.M., Zedgenizov, D.A., Pokhilenko, N.P., Kuzmin, D.V., Sobolev, A.V.Olivine inclusions in Siberian diamonds: high precision approach to minor elements.European Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 305-315.Russia, SiberiaDiamond inclusions
DS200912-0706
2009
Kuzmin, D.V.Sobolev, A.V., Krivolutskaya, N.A., Kuzmin, D.V.Petrology of the parental melts and mantle sources of Siberian trap magmatism.Petrology, Vol. 17, 3, May pp. 253-286.RussiaMagmatism - Not specific to diamonds
DS200912-0707
2008
Kuzmin, D.V.Sobolev, N., Wirth, R., Logvinova, A.M., Pokhilenko, N.P., Kuzmin, D.V.Retrograde phase transitions of majorite garnets included in diamonds: a case study of subcalcic Cr rich majorite pyrope from a Snap Lake diamond, Canada.American Geological Union, Fall meeting Dec. 15-19, Eos Trans. Vol. 89, no. 53, meeting supplement, 1p. abstractCanada, Northwest TerritoriesDeposit - Snap lake
DS200912-0708
2009
Kuzmin, D.V.Sobolev, N.V., Logvinova, A.M., Zedgenizov, D.A., Pokhilenko, N.P., Malygina, E.V., Kuzmin, D.V., Sobolev, A.V.Petrogenetic significance of minor elements in olivines from diamonds and peridotite xenoliths from kimberlites of Yakutia.Lithos, In press - available 38p.Russia, YakutiaDiamond inclusions
DS201012-0733
2009
Kuzmin, D.V.Sobolev, A.V., Sobolev, S.V., Kuzmin, D.V., Malitch, K.N., Petrunin, A.G.Siberian meimechites: origin and relation to flood basalts and kimberlites.Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 50, 12, pp. 999-1033.Russia, SiberiaMeimechite
DS201212-0353
2012
Kuzmin, D.V.Kemenetsky, V.S., Chung, S-L., Kamenenetsky, M.B., Kuzmin, D.V.Picrites from the Emeishan large igneous province, SW China: a compositional continuum in primitive magms and their respective mantle sources.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 53, 10, pp. 2095-2113.ChinaPicrite
DS201212-0439
2012
Kuzmin, D.V.Malkovets, V.G., Griffin, W.L., Pokhilenko, N.P., O'Reilly, S.Y., Dak, A.I., Tolstov, A.V., Serov, I.V., Bazhan, I.S., Kuzmin, D.V.Lithosphere mantle structure beneath the Nakyn kimberlite field, Yakutia.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Held Bangalore India Feb. 6-11, Poster abstractRussia, YakutiaDeposit - Nakyn
DS201212-0583
2012
Kuzmin, D.V.Rezvukhin, D.I., Malkovets, V.G., Gibsher, A.A., Kuzmin, D.V., Griffin, W.L., Pokhilenko, N.P., O'Reilly, S.Y.Mineral inclusions in pyropes from some kimberlite pipes of Yakutia.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Held Bangalore India Feb. 6-11, Poster abstractRussia, YakutiaDeposit - Internationskaya
DS201212-0632
2012
Kuzmin, D.V.Selyatitskii, A.Yu., Reverdatto, V.V., Kuzmin, D.V., Sobolev, N.V.Minor elements in unusual olivines from high pressure peridotites of the Kokchetav Massif (Northern Kazakhstan).Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 445, 2, pp. 1015-1020.Russia, KazakhstanDeposit - Kokchetav
DS201212-0683
2012
Kuzmin, D.V.Sobolev, N.V., Sobolev, A.V., Tomilenko, A.A., Kovyazin, S.V., Kuzmin, D.V.Pyrope lherzolite assemblage of Ti bearing olivine macrocryst from Udachanya ultrafresh kimberlite, Yakutia, Russia.emc2012 @ uni-frankfurt.de, 1p. AbstractRussiaDeposit - Udachnaya
DS201312-0492
2013
Kuzmin, D.V.Kogarko, L.N., Ryabchikov, I.D., Kuzmin, D.V.High-Ba mica in olivinites of the Guli Massif ( Meimecha-Kotui province Siberia).Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 53, 11, pp. 1209-1215.Russia, SiberiaGuli Massif
DS201412-0698
2014
Kuzmin, D.V.Pokhilenko, L.N., Malkovets, V.G., Kuzmin, D.V., Pokhilenko, N.P.New dat a on the mineralogy of megacrystalline pyrope peridotite from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe, Siberian Craton, Yakutian Diamondiferous province.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 454. no. 2, pp. 179-184.Russia, YakutiaDeposit - Udachnaya
DS201412-0863
2014
Kuzmin, D.V.Sobolev, N.V., Sobolev, A.V., Tomilenko, A.A., Kovyazin, S.V., Batanova, V.G., Kuzmin, D.V.Paragenesis and origin of olivine macrocrysts from Udachnaya-East hypabyssal kimberlite, Yakutia, Russia.V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences International Symposium Advances in high pressure research: breaking scales and horizons ( Courtesy of N. Poikilenko), Held Sept. 22-26, 2p. AbstractRussia, YakutiaDeposit - Udachnaya-East
DS201412-0902
2014
Kuzmin, D.V.Sushchevskaya, N.M., Migdisova, N.A., Antonov, A.V., Krymsky, R.Sh., Belyatsky, B.V., Kuzmin, D.V., Bychkova, Ya.V.Geochemical features of the Quaternary lamproitic lavas of Gaussberg volcano, East Antarctica: result of the impact of the Kerguelen plume.Geochemistry International, Vol. 52, 12, pp. 1030-1048.AntarcticaLamproitic lavas
DS201502-0104
2015
Kuzmin, D.V.Sobolev, N.V., Sobolev, A.V., Tomilenko, A.A., Kovyazin, S.V., Batanova, V.G., Kuzmin, D.V.Paragenesis and complex zoning of olivine macrocrysts from unaltered kimberlite of the Udachnaya-East pipe, Yakutia: relationship with the kimberlite formation conditions and evolution.Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 56, 1, pp. 260-279.Russia, YakutiaDeposit - Udachnaya-East
DS201510-1805
2015
Kuzmin, D.V.Sobolev, N.V., Sobolev, A.V., Tomilenko, A.A., Batanova, V.G., Tolstov, A.V., Logvinova, A.M., Kuzmin, D.V.Unique compositional pecularities of olivine phenocrysts from the post flood basalt Diamondiferous Malokuonapskaya kimberlite pipe, Yakutia.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 463, 2, pp. 828-832.RussiaDeposit - Malokuonapskaya
DS201601-0047
2015
Kuzmin, D.V.Tomilenko, A.A., Kuzmin, D.V., Bulbak, T.A., Timina, T.Yu., Sobolev, N.V.Composition of primary fluid and melt inclusions in regenerated olivines from hypabyssal kimberlites of the Malokuonapskaya pipe ( Yakutia).Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 465, 1, pp. 1168-1171.RussiaDeposit - Malokuonapskaya
DS201605-0887
2016
Kuzmin, D.V.Rezvukhin, D.I., Malkovets, V.G., Sharygin, I.S., Kuzmin, D.V., Litasov, K.D., Gibsher, A.A., Pokhilenko, N.P., Sobolev, N.V.Inclusions of Cr- and Cr-Nb-Rutile in pyropes from the Internationalnaya kimberlite pipe, Yakutia.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 466, 2, Feb. pp. 173-176.Russia, YakutiaDeposit - International

Abstract: The results of study of rutile inclusions in pyrope from the Internatsionalnaya kimberlite pipe are presented. Rutile is characterized by unusually high contents of impurities (up to 25 wt %). The presence of Cr2O3 (up to 9.75 wt %) and Nb2O5 (up to 15.57 wt %) are most typical. Rutile inclusions often occur in assemblage with Ti-rich oxides: picroilmenite and crichtonite group minerals. The Cr-pyropes with inclusions of rutile, picroilmenite, and crichtonite group minerals were formed in the lithospheric mantle beneath the Mirnyi field during their joint crystallization from melts enriched in Fe, Ti, and other incompatible elements as a result of metasomatic enrichment of the depleted lithospheric mantle.
DS201605-0888
2016
Kuzmin, D.V.Rezvukhin, D.I., Malkovets, V.G., Sharygin, I.S., Kuzmin, D.V., Litasov, K.D., Gibsher, A.A., Pokhilenko, N.P., Sobolev, N.V.Inclusions of crichonite group minerals in pyropes from the Internatsionalnaya kimberlite pipe, Yakutia.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 466, 2, Feb. pp. 206-209.Russia, YakutiaDeposit - International
DS201608-1445
2016
Kuzmin, D.V.Tomilenko, A.A., Bulbak, T.A., Khomenko, M.O., Kuzmin, D.V., Sobolev, N.V.The composition of volatile components in olivines from Yakutian kimberlites of various ages: evidence from gas chromatography - mass spectrometry.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 469, 1, pp. 690-694.RussiaDeposit - Olivinvaya, Malokuonapskaya, Udachnaya-East

Abstract: The composition of volatiles from fluid and melt inclusions in olivine phenocrysts from Yakutian kimberlite pipes of various ages (Olivinovaya, Malokuonapskaya, and Udachnaya-East) were studied for the first time by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It was shown that hydrocarbons and their derivatives, as well as nitrogen-, halogen-, and sulfur-bearing compounds, played a significant role in the mineral formation. The proportion of hydrocarbons and their derivatives in the composition of mantle fluids could reach 99%, including up to 4.9% of chlorineand fluorine-bearing compounds.
DS201610-1877
2016
Kuzmin, D.V.Kamenetsky, V.S., Maas, R., Kamenetsky, M.B., Yaxley, G.M., Ehrig, K., Zellmer, G.F., Bindeman, I.N., Sobolev, A.V., Kuzmin, D.V., Ivanov, A.V., Woodhead, J., Schilling, J-G.Multiple mantle sources of continental magmatism: insights from "high-Ti" picrites of Karoo and other large igneous provinces.Chemical Geology, in press available 10p.Africa, South AfricaLIP magmatism

Abstract: Magmas forming large igneous provinces (LIP) on continents are generated by extensive melting in the deep crust and underlying mantle and associated with break-up of ancient supercontinents, followed by formation of a new basaltic crust in the mid-oceanic rifts. A lack of the unifying model in understanding the sources of LIP magmatism is justified by lithological and geochemical complexity of erupted magmas on local (e.g. a cross-section) and regional (a single and different LIP) scales. Moreover, the majority of LIP rocks do not fit general criteria for recognizing primary/primitive melts (i.e. < 8 wt% MgO and absence of high-Fo olivine phenocrysts). This study presents the mineralogical (olivine, Cr-spinel, orthopyroxene), geochemical (trace elements and Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotopes) and olivine-hosted melt inclusion compositional characteristics of a single primitive (16 wt% MgO), high-Ti (2.5 wt% TiO2) picrite with high-Mg olivine (up to 91 mol% Fo) from the Letaba Formation in the ~ 180 Ma Karoo LIP (south Africa). The olivine compositions (unusually high ?18O (6.17‰), high NiO (0.36-0.56 wt%) and low MnO and CaO (0.12-0.20 and 0.12-0.22 wt%, respectively)) are used to argue for a non-peridotitic mantle source. This is supported by the enrichment of the rock and melts in most incompatible trace elements and depletion in heavy rare earth elements (e.g. high Gd/Yb) that reflects residual garnet in the source of melting. The radiogenic isotopes resemble those of the model enriched mantle (EM-1) and further argue for a long-term enrichment of the source in incompatible trace elements. The enriched high-Ti compositions, strongly fractionated incompatible trace elements, presence of primitive olivine and high-Cr spinel in the Letaba picrites are closely matched by olivine-phyric rocks from the ~ 260 Ma Emeishan (Yongsheng area, SW China) and ~ 250 Ma Siberian (Maimecha-Kotuy region, N Siberia) LIPs. However, many other compositional parameters (e.g. trace element and ?18O compositions of olivine phenocrysts, Fe2 +/Fe3 + in Cr-spinel, Sr-Nd-Hf isotope ratios) only partially overlap or even diverge. We thus imply that parental melts of enriched picritic rocks with forsteritic olivine from three major continental igneous provinces - Karoo, Emeishan and Siberia cannot be assigned to a common mantle source and similar melting conditions. The Karoo picrites also exhibit some mineralogical and geochemical similarities with rocks and glasses in the south Atlantic Ridge and adjacent fracture zones. The geodynamic reconstructions of the continental plate motions since break-up of the Gondwanaland in the Jurassic support the current position of the source of the Karoo magmatism in the southernmost Atlantic. Co-occurrence of modern and recent anomalous rocks with normal mid-ocean ridge basalts in this region can be related to blocks/rafts of the ancient lithosphere, stranded in the ambient upper mantle and occasionally sampled by rifting-related decompressional melting.
DS201610-1910
2016
Kuzmin, D.V.Sobolev, N.V., Wirth, R., Logvinova, A.M., Yelisseyev, A.P., Kuzmin, D.V.Retrograde isochemical phase transformations of majoritic garnets included in diamonds: a case study of subcalcic Cr-rich majoritic pyrope from a Snap Lake diamond, Canada.Lithos, in press available 11p.Canada, Northwest TerritoriesDeposit - Snap Lake

Abstract: Homogeneity of a peridotitic garnet inclusion in diamond demonstrating excess in Si concentration (i.e. presence of majorite component) was investigated by TEM using FIB prepared foils. The host diamond is a low-nitrogen brown stone, which can be related to type IIa with features of strong plastic deformation. The studied sample is represented by Ca-poor Cr-pyrope of harzburgitic (H) paragenesis from Snap Lake dyke, Canada The garnet had been previously reported to contain Si = 3.16 apfu. The revised examination of the sample, resulted in detection of extremely fine-grained symplectite consisting of low Ca-orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, Cr-spinel and coesite completely located and isolated in the inner part of the garnet crystal, which forms a sharp interface with the surrounding homogeneous garnet. XRD study confirmed the presence of the minerals constituting the symplectite. EPMA showed an identical bulk chemistry of the nanometer-sized symplectite and garnet. Further polishing of the garnet inclusion on the same surface with diamond removed the symplectite, which possibly was present as a thin lens within garnet. The remaining garnet is completely homogeneous as checked by two profiles, and contains unusually high Ni (118.2 ppm) and depleted REE patterns. Estimated PT formation conditions of this garnet are 10.8 GPa and 1450 °C within asthenosphere. Symplectite testifies partial retrograde isochemical phase transformation of the examined garnet which is suggested to be caused by decompression along with plastic deformation of diamond within the coesite stability field at T > 1000 °C and depth no less than 100 km. Because previously published studies of rare majoritic garnets composition were performed by EPMA only, it is possible that the traces of partial phase transformation (symplectite formation) could have been overlooked without additional XRD and/or TEM/AEM studies.
DS201612-2320
2016
Kuzmin, D.V.Malkovets, V.G., Rezvukhin, D.I., Belousova, E.A., Griffin, W.L., Sharygin, I.S., Tretiakov, I.G., Gibsher, A.A., O'Reilly, S.Y., Kuzmin, D.V., Litasov, K.D., Logvinova, A.M., Pokhilenko, N.P., Sobolev, N.V.Cr-rich rutile: a powerful tool for diamond exploration.Lithos, Vol. 265, pp. 304-311.Russia, SiberiaDeposit - Internationalskaya

Abstract: Mineralogical studies and U-Pb dating have been carried out on rutile included in peridotitic and eclogitic garnets from the Internatsionalnaya pipe, Mirny field, Siberian craton. We also describe a unique peridotitic paragenesis (rutile + forsterite + enstatite + Cr-diopside + Cr-pyrope) preserved in diamond from the Mir pipe, Mirny field. Compositions of rutile from the heavy mineral concentrates of the Internatsionalnaya pipe and rutile inclusions in crustal almandine-rich garnets from the Mayskaya pipe (Nakyn field), as well as from a range of different lithologies, are presented for comparison. Rutile from cratonic mantle peridotites shows characteristic enrichment in Cr, in contrast to lower-Cr rutile from crustal rocks and off-craton mantle. Rutile with Cr2O3 > 1.7 wt% is commonly derived from cratonic mantle, while rutiles with lower Cr2O3 may be both of cratonic and off-cratonic origin. New analytical developments and availability of standards have made rutile accessible to in situ U-Pb dating by laser ablation ICP-MS. A U-Pb age of 369 ± 10 Ma for 9 rutile grains in 6 garnets from the Internatsionalnaya pipe is consistent with the accepted eruption age of the pipe (360 Ma). The equilibrium temperatures of pyropes with rutile inclusions calculated using Ni-in-Gar thermometer range between ~ 725 and 1030 °C, corresponding to a depth range of ca ~ 100-165 km. At the time of entrainment in the kimberlite, garnets with Cr-rich rutile inclusions resided at temperatures well above the closure temperature for Pb in rutile, and thus U-Pb ages on mantle-derived rutile most likely record the emplacement age of the kimberlites. The synthesis of distinctive rutile compositions and U-Pb dating opens new perspectives for using rutile in diamond exploration in cratonic areas.
DS201707-1337
2017
Kuzmin, D.V.Kamenetsky, V.S., Maas, R., Kamenetsky, M.B., Yaxley, G.M., Ehrig, K., Zellmer, G.F., Bindeman, I.N., Sobolev, A.V., Kuzmin, D.V., Ivanov, A.V., Woodhead, J., Schilling, J-G.Multiple mantle sources of continental magmatism: insights from high Ti picrites of Karoo and other large igneous provinces.Chemical Geology, Vol. 455, pp. 22-31.Africa, South Africamagmatism

Abstract: Magmas forming large igneous provinces (LIP) on continents are generated by extensive melting in the deep crust and underlying mantle and associated with break-up of ancient supercontinents, followed by formation of a new basaltic crust in the mid-oceanic rifts. A lack of the unifying model in understanding the sources of LIP magmatism is justified by lithological and geochemical complexity of erupted magmas on local (e.g. a cross-section) and regional (a single and different LIP) scales. Moreover, the majority of LIP rocks do not fit general criteria for recognizing primary/primitive melts (i.e. < 8 wt% MgO and absence of high-Fo olivine phenocrysts). This study presents the mineralogical (olivine, Cr-spinel, orthopyroxene), geochemical (trace elements and Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotopes) and olivine-hosted melt inclusion compositional characteristics of a single primitive (16 wt% MgO), high-Ti (2.5 wt% TiO2) picrite with high-Mg olivine (up to 91 mol% Fo) from the Letaba Formation in the ~ 180 Ma Karoo LIP (south Africa). The olivine compositions (unusually high ?18O (6.17‰), high NiO (0.36–0.56 wt%) and low MnO and CaO (0.12–0.20 and 0.12–0.22 wt%, respectively)) are used to argue for a non-peridotitic mantle source. This is supported by the enrichment of the rock and melts in most incompatible trace elements and depletion in heavy rare earth elements (e.g. high Gd/Yb) that reflects residual garnet in the source of melting. The radiogenic isotopes resemble those of the model enriched mantle (EM-1) and further argue for a long-term enrichment of the source in incompatible trace elements. The enriched high-Ti compositions, strongly fractionated incompatible trace elements, presence of primitive olivine and high-Cr spinel in the Letaba picrites are closely matched by olivine-phyric rocks from the ~ 260 Ma Emeishan (Yongsheng area, SW China) and ~ 250 Ma Siberian (Maimecha-Kotuy region, N Siberia) LIPs. However, many other compositional parameters (e.g. trace element and ?18O compositions of olivine phenocrysts, Fe2 +/Fe3 + in Cr-spinel, Sr-Nd-Hf isotope ratios) only partially overlap or even diverge. We thus imply that parental melts of enriched picritic rocks with forsteritic olivine from three major continental igneous provinces – Karoo, Emeishan and Siberia cannot be assigned to a common mantle source and similar melting conditions. The Karoo picrites also exhibit some mineralogical and geochemical similarities with rocks and glasses in the south Atlantic Ridge and adjacent fracture zones. The geodynamic reconstructions of the continental plate motions since break-up of the Gondwanaland in the Jurassic support the current position of the source of the Karoo magmatism in the southernmost Atlantic. Co-occurrence of modern and recent anomalous rocks with normal mid-ocean ridge basalts in this region can be related to blocks/rafts of the ancient lithosphere, stranded in the ambient upper mantle and occasionally sampled by rifting-related decompressional melting.
DS201707-1379
2017
Kuzmin, D.V.Vasilev, Yu.R., Gora, M.P., Kuzmin, D.V.Petrology of foiditic and meymechitic volcanism in the Maimecha - Kotui province ( Polar Siberia).Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 58, pp. 659-673.Russia, Siberiaalkaline - Maimecha

Abstract: Comparative analysis of ultramafic meymechites of the Maimecha Suite and alkaline volcanics of the Ary-Dzhang Suite (foidites (nephelinites, analcimites, limburgites, etc.) and melilitites) has shown their consanguinity, which indicates their relationship with the same magmatic system periodically producing large amounts of alkaline ultramafic melts. We have studied the petrogeochemical and mineralogical compositions of rocks and melt inclusions in the hosted olivines. The rocks of the Maimecha and Ary-Dzhang Suite differ considerably in MgO content, which is well explained by the accumulation of olivine. The inclusions in olivines from the meymechites and the rocks of the Ary-Dzhang Suite correspond in composition to foidites. The trace and rare-earth element patterns are similar both in the foidites and meymechites and in the melt inclusions: They show negative anomalies of Rb and K and positive anomalies of Nb and Ta. The ratios of indicator elements (Nb/Ta, Ba/La, Ta/La, etc.) in the rocks of the Maimecha and Ary-Dzhang Suite are constant and almost independent of their Mg# values. The La/Yb ratio in the foidites is significantly higher than that in the meymechites and in the melt inclusions from their olivines, which indicates that the rocks of the Ary-Dzhang Suite resulted from the fractionation of highly magnesian alkaline picritoid melt.
DS201709-2064
2017
Kuzmin, D.V.Tomilenko, A.A., Dublansky, Yu.V., Kuzmin, D.V., Sobolev, N.V.Isotope compositions of C and O of magmatic calcites from the Udachnaya-East pipe kimberlite, Yakutia.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 475, 1, pp. 828-831.Russia, Yakutiadeposit - Udachnaya-East

Abstract: It has been demonstrated for the first time that the isotopic compositions of carbon (?13C) in magmatic calcites from the Udachnaya–East pipe kimberlite groundmass varies from–2.5 to–1.0‰ (V-PDB), while those of oxygen (?18O) range from 15.0 to 18.2‰ (V-SMOW). The obtained results imply that during the terminal late magmatic and postmagmatic stages of the kimberlite pipe formation, the carbonates in the kimberlite groundmass became successively heavier isotopically, which indicates the hybrid nature of the carbonate component of the kimberlite: it was formed with contributions from mantle and sedimentary marine sources.
DS201710-2266
2017
Kuzmin, D.V.Sobolev, N.V., Schertle, H-P., Neuser, R.D., Tomilenko, A.A., Kuzmin, D.V., Loginova, A.M., Tolstov, A.V., Kostrovitsky, S.I., Yakovlev, D.A., Oleinikov, O.B.Formation and evolution of hypabyssal kimberlites from the Siberian craton: part 1 - new insights from cathodluminescence of the carbonates. Anabar and Olenek areaJournal of Asian Earth Sciences, Vol. 145, pt. B, pp. 670-678.Russia, Siberiadeposit - Kuranakh, Kharamay
DS201710-2269
2017
Kuzmin, D.V.Tomilenko, A.A., Kuzmin, D.V., Bulbak, T.A., Sobolev, N.V.Primary melt and fluid inclusions in regenerated crystals and phenocrysts of olivine from kimberlites of the Udachnaya-East pipe, Yakutia: the problem of the kimberlite melt.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 475, 2, pp. 949-952.Russiadeposit - Udachnaya-East

Abstract: The primary melt and fluid inclusions in regenerated zonal crystals of olivine and homogeneous phenocrysts of olivine from kimberlites of the Udachnaya-East pipe, were first studied by means of microthermometry, optic and scanning electron microscopy, electron and ion microprobe analysis (SIMS), inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP MSC), and Raman spectroscopy. It was established that olivine crystals were regenerated from silicate-carbonate melts at a temperature of ~1100°C.
DS201804-0750
2018
Kuzmin, D.V.Vasilev, Yu.R., Gora, M.P., Kuzmin, D.V.Foidite and meimechite lavas of Polar Siberia ( some questions of petrogenesis.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 478, 1, pp. 103-107.Russia, Siberiapicrites

Abstract: For the Permian-Triassic foidite and meimechite lavas of Polar Siberia, both the whole-rock petrochemistry and geochemistry and that of melt inclusions in olivine phenocrysts from the same rocks have been demonstrated to be similar. In addition, their isotope characteristics imply the possibility of their generation from an abyssal parental melt compositionally resembling a high-Mg alkaline picrite.
DS2001-0641
2001
Kuzmin, M.A.Kuzmin, M.A., Varmolyuk, V.V., Kovalenko, IvanovEvolution of the central Asian 'hot' fields in the Phanerzoic and some problems of plume tectonics.Alkaline Magmatism -problems mantle source, pp. 242-56.AsiaMantle - plumes, hot spots
DS1990-1641
1990
Kuzmin, M.I.Zonenshain, L.P., Kuzmin, M.I., Natapov, L.M.Geology of the USSR: a plate tectonic synthesisAmerican Geophysical Union (AGU) Geodynamic Series, Table of contents attached, Vol. 21, 242pRussiaTectonics, Platform, Siberia, Structure
DS1993-1835
1993
Kuzmin, M.I.Zonenshain, L.P., Kuzmin, M.I.Deep geodynamics of the earthRussian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 1-9.MantleGeodynamics
DS1997-1303
1997
Kuzmin, M.I.Zonenshain, L.P., Kuzmin, M.I., Page, B.M.Paleogeodynamics.. The plate tectonic evolution of the earthAmerican Geophysical Union (AGU) Geodynamic Series, Special Paper, 218p. approx. $ 45.00MantleLithosphere, Plates, boundaries, Hot spots, Paleomagnetism
DS200512-0594
2001
Kuzmin, M.I.Kuzmin, M.I., Yarmolyuk, V.V., Kovalenko, V.I., Ivanov, V.G.Evolution of central Asian 'hot' field in the Phanerozoic and some problems of plume tectonics.Alkaline Magmatism and the problems of mantle sources, pp. 242-256.Asia, RussiaTectonics
DS201012-0419
2010
Kuzmin, M.I.Kuzmin, M.I., Yarmolyuk, V.V., Kravchinsky, V.A.Phanerozoic hot spot traces and paleogeographic reconstructions of the Siberian continent based on interaction with the Africa large low shear velocity province.Earth Science Reviews, Vol. 102, 2, pp. 29-59.AfricaPaleowandering
DS201112-0563
2011
Kuzmin, M.I.Kuzmin, M.I., Yarmolyuk, V.V., Kravchiniski, V.A.Absolute paleogeographic reconstructions of the Siberian Craton in the Phanerozoic: a problem of time estimation of superplumes.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 437, 1, pp. 311-315.Russia, SiberiaMagmatism - age, hot spots, African comparison
DS201312-0318
2013
Kuzmin, M.I.Glukhovskii, M.Z., Kuzmin, M.I.The Kotuikan ring structure as possible evidence for a large impact event in the northern Siberian craton.Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 54, 8, pp. 663-673.RussiaAstrobleme
DS201312-0951
2013
Kuzmin, M.I.Wang, K-L., Chien, Y-H., Kuzmin, M.I., O'Reilly, S.Y., Griffin, W.L.Geochemical fingerprints in Siberian mantle xenoliths reveal progressive erosion of an Archean lithospheric root.Goldschmidt 2013, 1p. AbstractRussiaVitim Plateau
DS201412-1005
2014
Kuzmin, M.I.Yarmolyuk, V.V., Kuzmin, M.I., Kozlovsky, A.M.Late Paleozoic early Mesozoic within-plate magmatism in North Asia: traps, rifts, giant batholiths, and the geodynamics of their origin.Deep Seated Magmatism, its sources and plumes, Ed. Vladykin, N.V., pp. 66-103.AsiaMagmatism
DS201112-0811
2011
Kuzmin, N.V.Polyakov, S.N., Denisov, V.N., Kuzmin, N.V., Kuznetsov, M.S., Martyushov, S.Yu., Nosukhin, Terentiev, BlankCharacterization of top quality type IIa synthetic diamonds for new x-ray optics.Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 20, no. 5-6m pp. 726-728.TechnologyDiamond - synthesis applications
DS1998-1326
1998
Kuzmin...Sharygin, V.V., Litasov, K.D., Smirnov, S.Z., Kuzmin...Fluid and silicate melt inclusions and interstitial glass in mantle xenoliths from melanenephelinites....7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 791-3.RussiaUdokan lava Plateau, Wehrlite
DS1998-1001
1998
Kuzmina, Polyakov...Mikhailov, M.V., Kuznetsova, Kuzmina, Polyakov...New dat a on potential diamond presence in western Russia7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 582-3.RussiaRussia, Latvia, Estonia, Kimberlite magmatism
DS2000-0974
2000
KuznetsVasilenko, V.B., Zinchuk Krasavchikov, Budaev, KuznetsCriteria for petrochemical identfication of kimberlitesRussian Geology and Geophysics, Vol.41,12,pp.1697-1709., Vol.41,12,pp.1697-1709.RussiaPetrology - classification
DS2000-0975
2000
KuznetsVasilenko, V.B., Zinchuk Krasavchikov, Budaev, KuznetsCriteria for petrochemical identfication of kimberlitesRussian Geology and Geophysics, Vol.41,12,pp.1697-1709., Vol.41,12,pp.1697-1709.RussiaPetrology - classification
DS200612-0376
2006
KuznetsovEppelbaum, L.V., Vaksman, V.L., Kuznetsov, Sazonova, Smirnov, Surkov, Bezlepkin, Katz, Lorotaeva, BelovitDiscovery of microdiamonds and associated minerals in the Makhtesh Ramon Canyon (Negrev Desert) Israel.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 407, 2, Feb-Mar. pp. 202-204.Europe, IsraelMicrodiamonds
DS200812-0725
2008
KuznetsovMavrin, S.A., Denisov, V.N., Popova, D.M., Skryleva, Kuznetsov, Nosukhin, Terentiev, Blank,V.D.Boron distribution in the subsurface region of heavily doped IIb type diamond.Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Parts A,B,C, Vol. 372, 21, pp. 3914-3918.TechnologyType IIb diamonds
DS201505-0249
2015
Kuznetsov, A.M.Belogub, E.V., Krivovichev, S.V., Pekov, I.V., Kuznetsov, A.M., Yapaskurt, V.O., Kitlyarov, V.A., Chukanov, N.V., Belakoviskiy, D.I.Nickelpicromerite, K2Ni(SO4)2*6H2O, a new picromerite group mineral from Slyudorudnik, South Urals, Russia.Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 109, 2, pp. 143-152.Russia, UralsMineralogy

Abstract: A new picromerite-group mineral, nickelpicromerite, K2Ni(SO4)2 - 6H2O (IMA 2012-053), was found at the Vein #169 of the Ufaley quartz deposit, near the town of Slyudorudnik, Kyshtym District, Chelyabinsk area, South Urals, Russia. It is a supergene mineral that occurs, with gypsum and goethite, in the fractures of slightly weathered actinolite-talc schist containing partially vermiculitized biotite and partially altered sulfides: pyrrhotite, pentlandite, millerite, pyrite and marcasite. Nickelpicromerite forms equant to short prismatic or tabular crystals up to 0.07 mm in size and anhedral grains up to 0.5 mm across, their clusters or crusts up to 1 mm. Nickelpicromerite is light greenish blue. Lustre is vitreous. Mohs hardness is 2-2½. Cleavage is distinct, parallel to {10-2}. Dmeas is 2.20(2), Dcalc is 2.22 g cm?3. Nickelpicromerite is optically biaxial (+), ? = 1.486(2), ? = 1.489(2), ? = 1.494(2), 2Vmeas =75(10)°, 2Vcalc =76°. The chemical composition (wt.%, electron-microprobe data) is: K2O 20.93, MgO 0.38, FeO 0.07, NiO 16.76, SO3 37.20, H2O (calc.) 24.66, total 100.00. The empirical formula, calculated based on 14 O, is: K1.93Mg0.04Ni0.98S2.02O8.05(H2O)5.95. Nickelpicromerite is monoclinic, P21/c, a = 6.1310(7), b = 12.1863(14), c = 9.0076(10) Å, ? = 105.045(2)°, V = 649.9(1) Å3, Z = 2. Eight strongest reflections of the powder XRD pattern are [d,Å-I(hkl)]: 5.386--34(110); 4.312-46(002); 4.240-33(120); 4.085--100(012, 10-2); 3.685-85(031), 3.041-45(040, 112), 2.808-31(013, 20-2, 122), 2.368-34(13-3, 21-3, 033). Nickelpicromerite (single-crystal X-ray data, R = 0.028) is isostructural to other picromerite-group minerals and synthetic Tutton’s salts. Its crystal structure consists of [Ni(H2O)6]2+ octahedra linked to (SO4)2? tetrahedra via hydrogen bonds. K+ cations are coordinated by eight anions. Nickelpicromerite is the product of alteration of primary sulfide minerals and the reaction of the acid Ni-sulfate solutions with biotite.
DS1991-0945
1991
Kuznetsov, G.A.Kuznetsov, G.A., Koreshkov, L.A.The results of heavy concentrate sampling of quarternary deposits in Belorussia to reveal paragenetic complementary rocks of diamonds.(Russian)Doklady Academy of Sciences Nauk BSSR, (Russian), Vol. 35, No. 6, June pp. 512-514RussiaGeochemistry, Sampling, geomorphology
DS1995-1125
1995
Kuznetsov, G.P.Lukyanova, L.I., Mareichev, A.M., Kuznetsov, G.P.Prospects for discovery of primary diamond deposits in the Urals and the eastern Russian PlatformMineral Resources of Russia, abstracts, Oct. 1994, pp. 19-23.Russia, UralsProspecting, Diamonds
DS1999-0389
1999
Kuznetsov, I.E.Kuznetsov, I.E., Gavrilova, S.I.Petrology of Karaturgai picrite complex, Central KazakhstanMoscow University of Geol. Bulletin., Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 7-14.Russia, kazakhstanPicrite
DS2001-0642
2001
Kuznetsov, I.E.Kuznetsov, I.E.Eclogites in the ultramafic rocks of the Rai-Iz Massif, Polar UralsMoscow University Geology Bulletin, Vol. 56, No. 2, pp.21-5., Vol. 56, No. 2, pp.21-5.Russia, UralsEclogites
DS2001-0643
2001
Kuznetsov, I.E.Kuznetsov, I.E.Eclogites in the ultramafic rocks of the Rai-Iz Massif, Polar UralsMoscow University Geology Bulletin, Vol. 56, No. 2, pp.21-5., Vol. 56, No. 2, pp.21-5.Russia, UralsEclogites
DS200712-0082
2007
Kuznetsov, M.S.Blank, V.D., Kuznetsov, M.S., Nosukhin, S.A., Terentiev, S.A., Denisov, V.N.The influence of crystallization temperature and boron concentration in growth environment on its distribution in growth sectors of type IIb diamond.Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 16, 4-7, pp. 800-804.TechnologyType II diamond
DS201112-0811
2011
Kuznetsov, M.S.Polyakov, S.N., Denisov, V.N., Kuzmin, N.V., Kuznetsov, M.S., Martyushov, S.Yu., Nosukhin, Terentiev, BlankCharacterization of top quality type IIa synthetic diamonds for new x-ray optics.Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 20, no. 5-6m pp. 726-728.TechnologyDiamond - synthesis applications
DS1994-0967
1994
Kuznetsov, N.B.Kuznetsov, N.B., Bondarenko, G.Ye., Savostin, L.A.First find of alpine type ultramafics in central KamchatkaDoklady Academy of Sciences Acad. Science, Vol. 322, pp. 39-43.Russia, KamchatkaUltramafics, Peridotite
DS201611-2105
2016
Kuznetsov, N.B.Fedorova, N.M., Bzhenov, M.L., Meert, J.G., Kuznetsov, N.B.Edicaran-Cambrian paleogeography of Baltica: a paleomagnetic view from a diamond pit on the White Sea east coast.Lithosphere, Vol. 8, 5, pp. 564-573.Russia, Baltic ShieldPaleogeography

Abstract: The controversial late Ediacaran to Cambrian paleogeography is largely due to the paucity and low reliability of available paleomagnetic poles. Baltica is a prime example of these issues. Previously published paleomagnetic results from a thick clastic sedimentary pile in the White Sea region (northern Russia) provided valuable Ediacaran paleontological and paleomagnetic data. Until recently, Cambrian-age rocks in northern Russia were known mostly from boreholes or a few small outcrops. A recent mining operation in the Winter Coast region exposed >60 m of red sandstone and siltstone of the Cambrian Brusov Formation from the walls of a diamond pit. Paleomagnetic data from these rocks yield two major components. (1) A single-polarity A component is isolated in ?90% of samples between 200 and 650 °C. The corresponding pole (Pole Latitutde, Plat = 20°S; Pole Longitude, Plong = 227°E, ?95 = 7°) agrees with the Early Ordovician reference pole for Baltica. (2) A dual-polarity B component is identified in ?33% of samples, mostly via remagnetization circles, isolated from samples above 650 °C. The corresponding pole (Plat = 12°S; Plong = 108°E, ?95 = 5°) is close to other late Ediacaran data but far from all younger reference poles for Baltica. We argue for a primary magnetization for the B component and the secondary origin of the other Cambrian poles from Baltica. This in turn requires a major reshuffling of all continents and blocks around the North Atlantic. The early stages of Eurasia amalgamation and models for the evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt require revision.
DS201706-1075
2017
Kuznetsov, N.B.Gordadze, G.N., Kerimov, V.Yu., Gaiduk, A.V., Giruts, M.V., Lobusev, M.A., Serov, S.G., Kuznetsov, N.B., Romanyuk, T.V.Hydrocarbon biomarkers and diamondoid hydrocarbons from Late Precambrian and Lower Cambrian rocks of the Katanga Saddle ( Siberian Platform).Geochemistry International, Vol. 55, 4, pp. 360-366.Russia, Siberiadiamondoid

Abstract: A broad suite of geological materials were studied a using a handheld laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument. Because LIBS is simultaneously sensitive to all elements, the full broadband emission spectrum recorded from a single laser shot provides a ‘chemical fingerprint’ of any material - solid, liquid or gas. The distinguishing chemical characteristics of the samples analysed were identified through principal component analysis (PCA), which demonstrates how this technique for statistical analysis can be used to identify spectral differences between similar sample types based on minor and trace constituents. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) was used to distinguish and classify the materials, with excellent discrimination achieved for all sample types. This study illustrates through four selected examples involving carbonate minerals and rocks, the oxide mineral pair columbite-tantalite, the silicate mineral garnet and native gold how portable, handheld LIBS analysers can be used as a tool for real-time chemical analysis under simulated field conditions for element or mineral identification plus such applications as stratigraphic correlation, provenance determination and natural resources exploration.
DS1975-0551
1977
Kuznetsov, O.L.Kuznetsov, V.N., Kuznetsov, O.L., et al.Seismoelectric Effect of KimberliteDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section., Vol. 233, No. 1-6, PP. 5-7.RussiaKimberlite, Geophysics
DS1986-0472
1986
Kuznetsov, O.L.Kuznetsov, O.L., Kokorev, A.A., Migunov, N.I., Seleznev, L.D.Determination of the boundaries of kimberlite pipes using the seismoelectric method. (Russian)Izvest. Vyssh. Uch. Zaved. Geol. I Razved.(Russian), Vol 1986, No. 4, pp. 113-117RussiaBlank
DS1991-1587
1991
Kuznetsov, P.P.Simonov, V.A., Kuznetsov, P.P.Boninites in Vendian-Cambrian ophiolites of Gorny Altai.(Russian)Doklady Academy of Sciences Akademy Nauk SSSR, (Russian), Vol. 316, No. 2, pp. 448-452RussiaBoninites, Related rocks
DS1975-0320
1976
Kuznetsov, V.M.Kuznetsov, V.M.Preservation of Diamond Crystals During Blasting of Kimberlite.Sov. Min. Sci., Vol. 12, No. 3, MAY-JUNE, PP. 280-283.RussiaDiamond Mining Recovery, Kimberlite Pipes
DS1975-0551
1977
Kuznetsov, V.N.Kuznetsov, V.N., Kuznetsov, O.L., et al.Seismoelectric Effect of KimberliteDoklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section., Vol. 233, No. 1-6, PP. 5-7.RussiaKimberlite, Geophysics
DS1988-0043
1988
Kuznetsov, V.P.Barsanov, G.P., Granain, V.K., Kuznetsov, V.P.Diamond in diamond inclusions from kimberlitic pipes of Yakutia. (Russian)Geologii i Geofiziki, (Russian), No. 3, March pp. 132-137RussiaBlank
DS1990-0507
1990
Kuznetsov, V.P.Galimov, E.M., Kuznetsov, V.P., Maltsev, K.A., Gorbachev, V.V.Isotopic composition of diamonds bearing the inclusions of diamond.(Russian)Geochemistry International (Geokhimiya), (Russian), No. 7, July pp. 1033-1040RussiaDiamond inclusions, Geochronology
DS201706-1061
2017
Kuznetsov, V.S.Albekov, A.Yu., Chemyshov, N.M., Ryborak, M.V., Kuznetsov, V.S., Sainikova, E.B., Kholin, V.M.U-Pb isotopic age of apatite bearing carbonatites in the Kursk Block, Voronezh crystalline massif ( Central Russia).Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 473, 1, pp. 271-272.Russiacarbonatite

Abstract: In the central part of the European part of Russia in the southeastern part of the Kursk tectonic block, some deposits and occurrences of apatite genetically related to the alkaline-carbonatite complex have been revealed. The results of U-Pb analysis of titanite provided the first confident age estimate of silicate-carbonate (phoscorite) rocks in the Dubravin alkaline-ultramafic-carbonatite massif: they formed no later than 2080 ±13 Ma, which indicates their crystallization in the pre-Oskol time during the final stage of the Early Paleoproterozoic (post-Kursk time) stabilization phase of the Kursk block of Sarmatia (about 2.3-2.1 Ga).
DS1991-1075
1991
Kuznetsov, Y.N.Mastyulin, L.A., Kuznetsov, Y.N., Astapenk..., V.N.The prospects of the Kaunas Polotsk zone of plutonic ruptures for kimberlite pipes in the light of plutonic geophysics.(Russian)Doklady Academy of Sciences Nauk. BSSR, (Russian), Vol. 35, No. 12, December pp. 1123-1126RussiaGeophysics, Structure
DS1992-1069
1992
KuznetsovaMilyutkin, S.A., Genshaft, Yu.S., Saltykovski, A.Ye., KuznetsovaPhysical characteristics of megacrystal high pressure phasesJournal of Geodynamics, Vol. 15, No. 3-4, pp. 169-184.GlobalKimberlite
DS1998-1001
1998
KuznetsovaMikhailov, M.V., Kuznetsova, Kuzmina, Polyakov...New dat a on potential diamond presence in western Russia7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 582-3.RussiaRussia, Latvia, Estonia, Kimberlite magmatism
DS1987-0399
1987
Kuznetsova, A.I.Lavrentev, Yu.G., Usova, L.V., Kuznetsova, A.I., Letov, S.V.Quantiometric x-ray spectral microanalysis of the major minerals ofkimberlites.(Russian)Geologii i Geofiziki, (Russian), No. 5, pp. 75-81RussiaBlank
DS1960-0601
1965
Kuznetsova, I.K.Sobolev, N.S., Kuznetsova, I.K.More Facts on the Mineralogy of Eclogite from Yakutian Kimberlite.Doklady Academy of Science USSR, Earth Science Section., Vol. 163, No. 1-6, PP. 137-140.RussiaBlank
DS1960-0602
1965
Kuznetsova, I.K.Sobolev, N.V., Kuznetsova, I.K.New Dat a on the Mineralogy of Eclogites from the Yakutian Kimberlite Pipes.Doklady Academy of Sciences AKAD. NAUK SSSR., Vol. 163, PP. 471-474.RussiaBlank
DS1960-0603
1965
Kuznetsova, I.K.Sobolev, N.V., Kuznetsova, I.K.New Dat a on the Mineralogy of Eclogites from the Yakutiann kimberlite Pipes.Doklady Academy of Sciences Nauk SSSR., Vol. 163, PP. 471-474.RussiaBlank
DS1960-0747
1966
Kuznetsova, I.K.Sobolev, N.V., Kuznetsova, I.K.Mineralogy of Diamond Bearing EclogitesDoklady Academy of Sciences AKAD. NAUK SSSR., Vol. 167, No. 6, PP. 1365-1368.RussiaMineralogy
DS1960-1032
1968
Kuznetsova, I.K.Sobolev, N.V., Kuznetsova, I.K., Zyuzin, N.I.The Petrology of Grospydite Xenoliths from the Zagadochnaya kimberlite Pipe in Yakutia.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 9, PP. 253-280.RussiaBlank
DS201012-0883
2010
Kuznetsova, I.V.Zaitsev, N., Williams, C.T., Britvin,S.N., Kuznetsova, I.V., Spratt, J., Petrov, S.V., Keller, J.Kerimasite Ca3ZR2(Si)O12, a new garnet from carbonatites of Kerimasi volcano and surrounding explosion craters, northern Tanzania.Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 74, pp. 803-820.Africa, TanzaniaCarbonatite
DS1985-0696
1985
Kuznetsova, L.G.Vasilenko, V.B., Kuznetsova, L.G., Kholodova, L.D.Petrochemistry of calcium oxide and phosphorous pentoxide in Kimberlites and problem of the origin of apatite rocks in Seligdar (Aldan) USSR.(Russian)Trudy Institute Geol. Geofiz. Akad. Nauk SSSR, (Russian), No. 625, pp. 171-178RussiaPetrology
DS1989-1543
1989
Kuznetsova, L.G.Vasilenko, V.B., Kryukov, A.V., Kuznetsova, L.G.Petrochemical types of alkali-ultrabasic rocks of the Chadobets UpliftSociet Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 30, No. 8, pp. 43-48RussiaPetrology, Mentions kimberlite pipes
DS1995-1975
1995
Kuznetsova, L.G.Vasilenko, V.B., Zinchuk, N.N., Kuznetsova, L.G.Chemism and diamond content of kimberlites of YakutiaRussian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 36, No. 9, pp. 68-78.Russia, YakutiaPetrochemistry, geochemistry, Kimberlites, diamond genesis
DS1995-1976
1995
Kuznetsova, L.G.Vasilenko, V.B., Zinchuk, N.N., Kuznetsova, L.G., et al.Petrochemical types of kimberlites of the major diamond deposits ofYakutia.Proceedings of the Sixth International Kimberlite Conference Abstracts, pp. 650-652.Russia, YakutiaGeochemistry, Basaltoid kimberlites
DS1996-1470
1996
Kuznetsova, L.G.Vasilenko, V.B., Zinchuk, N.N., Kuznetsova, L.G., SerenkoPetrochemical model of the Mir kimberlite pipeRussian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 88-101.RussiaGeochemistry, petrology, model, Deposit -Mir
DS2000-0976
2000
Kuznetsova, L.G.Vasilenko, V.B., Zinchuk, N.N., Kuznetsova, L.G.Autolithic kimberlites as products of the viscous differentiation of kimberlite melts in diatremes.Petrology, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 495-504.RussiaKimberlite - diatremes, magmatism
DS2001-1196
2001
Kuznetsova, L.G.Vasilenko, V.B., Zinchuk, N.N., Kuznetsova, L.G.On the correlation between the compositions of mantle inclusions and petrochemical varieties of kimberlitesPetrology, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 179-189.Russia, YakutiaDiatremes - geochemistry
DS2002-1634
2002
Kuznetsova, L.G.Valislenko, V.B., Zinchuk, N.N., Krasavchikov, V.G., Kuznetsova, L.G.Diamond potential estimation based on kimberlite major element chemistryJournal of Geochemical Exploration, Vol. 76, 2, pp. 93-112.Russia, YakutiaChemistry, diamond grade, whole rock composition, Exploration - techniques
DS200812-1207
2008
Kuznetsova, L.G.Vasilenko, V.B., Tolstov, A.V., Minin, V.A., Kuznetsova, L.G., Surkov, N.V.Normative quartz as an indicator of the mass transfer intensity during the postmagmatic alteration of the Botuobinskaya pipe kimberlites ( Yakutia).Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 49,no. 12, pp. 894-907.Russia, YakutiaDeposit - Botuobinskaya
DS200912-0419
2009
Kuznetsova, L.G.Kuznetsova, L.G.Postmagmatic geochemical processes in kimberlites.alkaline09.narod.ru ENGLISH, May 10, 2p. abstractRussia, YakutiaDeposit - Aikhal
DS200912-0765
2009
Kuznetsova, L.G.Tolstov, A.V., Minin, V.A., Vasilenko, V.B., Kuznetsova, L.G., Razumov, A.N.A new body of highly Diamondiferous kimberlites in the Nakyn field of the Yakutian kimberlite province.Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 50, 3, pp. 162-173.RussiaMineral chemistry
DS201012-0814
2010
Kuznetsova, L.G.Vasilenko, V.B., Tolstov, A.V., Kuznetsova, L.G., Minin, V.A.Petrochemical evaluation of the diamond potentials of Yakutian kimberlite fields.Geochemistry International, Vol. 48, 4, pp. 346-354.RussiaMineralogy
DS201212-0751
2012
Kuznetsova, L.G.Vasilenko, V.B., Kuznetsova, L.G., Minin, V.A., Tolstov, A.V.Behavior of major and rare earth elements during the postmagmatic alteration of kimberlites.Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 53, pp. 62-76.RussiaAlteration
DS201605-0816
2016
Kuznetsova, O.V.Buikin, A.I., Verchovsky, A.B., Kogarko, L.N., Grinenko, V.A., Kuznetsova, O.V.The fluid phase evolution during the formation of carbonatite of the Guli Massif: evidence from the isotope ( C, N, Ar) data.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 466, 2, Feb. pp. 135-137.RussiaCarbonatite

Abstract: The first data on variations of the isotope composition and element ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and argon in carbonatites of different generations and ultrabasic rocks of the Guli massif obtained by the method of step crushing are reported. It is shown that early carbonatite differs significantly from the later ones by the concentration of highly volatile components, as well as by the isotope compositions of carbon (CO2), argon, and hydrogen (H2O). The data obtained allow us to conclude that the mantle component predominated in the fluid at the early stages of formation of rocks of the Guli massif, whereas the late stages of carbonatite formation were characterized by an additional fluid source, which introduced atmospheric argon, and most likely a high portion of carbon dioxide with isotopically heavy carbon.
DS202205-0693
2022
Kuznetsova, O.V.Kaminsky, F.V., Zedgenizov, D.A., Sevastyanov, V.S., Kuznetsova, O.V.Low- and high-fe ferropericlase inclusions in super-deep diamonds and their depth of origin: an example from the Juina area, Brazil.Lithos, South America, Brazildeposit - Juina

Abstract: Alluvial diamonds from the Juina area in Mato Grosso, Brazil, have been characterized in terms of their morphology, syngenetic mineral inclusions, carbon isotopes and nitrogen contents. Morphologically, they are similar to other Brazilian diamonds, showing a strong predominance of rounded dodecahedral crystals. However, other characteristics of the Juina diamonds make them unique. The inclusion parageneses of Juina diamonds are dominated by ultra-high-pressure ("superdeep") phases that differ both from "traditional" syngenetic minerals associated with diamonds and, in detail, from most other superdeep assemblages. Ferropericlase is the dominant inclusion in the Juina diamonds. It coexists with ilmenite, Cr-Ti spinel, a phase with the major-element composition of olivine, and SiO2. CaSi-perovskite inclusions coexist with titanite (sphene), "olivine" and native Ni. MgSi-perovskite coexists with TAPP (tetragonal almandine-pyrope phase). Majoritic garnet occurs in one diamond, associated with CaTi-perovskite, Mn-ilmenite and an unidentified Si-Mg phase. Neither Cr-pyrope nor Mg-chromite was found as inclusions. The spinel inclusions are low in Cr and Mg, and high in Ti (Cr2O3<36.5 wt%, and TiO2>10 wt%). Most ilmenite inclusions have low MgO contents, and some have very high (up to 11.5 wt%) MnO contents. The rare "olivine" inclusions coexisting with ferropericlase have low Mg# (87-89), and higher Ca, Cr and Zn contents than typical diamond-inclusion olivines. They are interpreted as inverted from spinel-structured (Mg, Fe)2Si2O4. This suite of inclusions is consistent with derivation of most of the diamonds from depths near 670 km, and adds ilmenite and relatively low-Cr, high-Ti spinel to the known phases of the superdeep paragenesis. Diamonds from the Juina area are characterized by a narrow range of carbon isotopic composition (ཉC=-7.8 to -2.5?), except for the one majorite-bearing diamond (ཉC=-11.4?). There are high proportions of nitrogen-free and low-nitrogen diamonds, and the aggregated B center is predominant in nitrogen-containing diamonds. These observations have practical consequences for diamond exploration: Low-Mg olivine, low-Mg and high-Mn ilmenite, and low-Cr spinel should be included in the list of diamond indicator minerals, and the role of high-Cr, low-Ti spinel as the only spinel associated with diamond, and hence as a criterion of diamond grade in kimberlites, should be reconsidered.
DS1990-0164
1990
Kuznetsova, V.P.Bareanov, G.P., Zezin, R.B., Kuznetsova, V.P.Inclusions of 'diamond within diamond' type and pecularities of crystallography and morphology of a host diamond.(Russian)Izvest. Akad, Nauk SSSR, (Russian), Vol. 1990, No. 10, October, pp. 70-77RussiaDiamond morphology, Diamond inclusions
DS1990-0170
1990
Kuznetsova, V.P.Barsanov, G.P., Zezin, R.B., Kuznetsova, V.P.Influence of diamond in diamond -type inclusions on crystallographical morphological pecularities of diamond host. (Russian)Izvest. Akad. Nauk SSSR, (Russian), No. 10, pp. 70-78RussiaDiamond inclusions, Diamond morphology
DS1990-0896
1990
Kuznetsova, V.P.Kuznetsova, V.P., Maltsev, K.A., Gorbachev, V.V., Zezin, R.B.Isotopic composition of diamonds bearing inlclusions of diamonds.(Russian)Geochemistry International (Geokhimiya), (Russian), No. 7, July pp. 1033-1039RussiaDiamond inclusions, Diamonds
DS1991-0070
1991
Kuznetsova, V.P.Barasanov, G.P., Zezin, R.B., Kuznetsova, V.P.Influence of diamond in diamond inclusions on the crystal morphology of the host diamondInternational Geology Review, Vol. 32, No. 10, October pp. 981-987RussiaDiamond morphology, Diamond inclusions
DS1991-0528
1991
Kuznetsova, V.P.Galimov, E.M., Kuznetsova, V.P., Maltsev, K.A., Gorbachev, V.V.Isotope composition of diamonds containing diamond inclusionsGeochemistry International, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 115-121RussiaGeochronology, Diamond inclusions
DS1996-0595
1996
Kuzvart, M.Harben P.W., Kuzvart, M.Industrial minerals: a global economyIndustrial Minerals, $ 200.00Europe, China, Russia, GlobalBook - ad, Industrial minerals
DS1996-0596
1996
Kuzvart, M.Harben, P.W., Kuzvart, M.A Global GeologyIndustrial Minerals, approx. $ 175.00 United StatesGlobalIndustrial -book, Book -ad
DS201312-0545
2012
Kuzyura, A.Litvin, Yu., Vasilev, P., Bobrov, A., Okoemova, V., Kuzyura, A.Parental media of natural diamonds and primary mineral inclusions in them: evidence from physicochemical experiment.Geochemistry International, Vol. 50, 9, pp. 726-759.TechnologyDiamonds inclusions
DS201412-0493
2014
Kuzyura, A.Kuzyura, A.Rare element sources for chambers of diamond and inclusions parental carbonatite magma: experimental and geochemical evidence.ima2014.co.za, PosterMantleMagmatism
DS201705-0849
2017
Kuzyura, A.Litvin, Y., Kuzyura, A.Fractional ultrabasic basic evolution of upper mantle magmatism: evidence from xenoliths in kimberlites, inclusions in diamonds and experiments.European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017, Vienna April 23-28, 1p. 4773 AbstractMantleMelting

Abstract: Ultrabasic peridotites and pyroxenites together with basic eclogites are the upper-mantle in situ rocks among xenoliths in kimberlites. Occasionally their diamond-bearing varieties have revealed within the xenoliths. Therewith the compositions of rock-forming minerals demonstrate features characteristic for primary diamond-included minerals of peridotite and eclogite parageneses (the elevated contents of Cr-component in peridotitic garnets and Na-jadeitic component in eclogitic clinopyroxenes). High-pressure experimental study of melting equilibria on the multicomponent peridotie-pyroxenite system olivine Ol - orthopyroxene Opx - clinopyroxene Cpx - garnet Grt showed that Opx disappeared in the peritectic reaction Opx+L?Cpx (Litvin, 1991). As a result, the invariant peritectic equilibrium Ol+Opx+Cpx+Grt+L of the ultrabasic system was found to transform into the univariant cotectic assemblage Ol+Cpx+Grt+L. Further experimental investigation showed that olivine reacts with jadeitic component (Jd) with formation of garnet at higher 4.5 GPa (Gasparik, Litvin, 1997). Study of melting relations in the multicomponent system Ol - Cpx - Jd permits to discover the peritectic point Ol+Omph+Grt+L (where Omph - omphacitic clinopyroxene) at concentration 3-4 wt.% Jd-component in the system. The reactionary loss of Opx and Ol makes it possible to transform the 4-phase garnet lherzolite ultrabasic association into the bimineral eclogite assemblage. The regime of fractional Ol, Cpx and Grt crystallization must be accompanied by increasing content of jadeitic component in residual melts that causes the complete "garnetization of olivine". In the subsequent evolution, the melts would have to fractionate for basic SiO2-saturated compositions responsible for petrogenesis of eclogite varieties marked with accessory corundum Crn, kyanite Ky and coesite Coe. Both the peritectic mechanisms occur in regime of fractional crystallization. The sequence of the upper-mantle fractional ultrabasic-basic magmatic evolution and petrogenesis may be controlled by the following melting relations: from Ol, Opx, L field to cotectic curve Ol, Opx, Cpx, L, peritectic point Ol, Opx, Cpx, Grt, L (loss of Opx), cotectic curve Ol, (Cpx+Jd), Grt, L, peritectic point Ol, (Cpx?Omph), Grt, L (loss of Ol), divariant field Omph,Grt,L, cotectic curve Ky, Omph, Grt, L, eutectic point Ky,Coe,Omph, Grt,L, subsolidus assemblage Ky,Coe,Omph, Grt. The fractional ultrabasic-basic evolution of the upper-mantle silicate-carbonate-carbon melts-solutions, which are responsible for genesis of diamond-and-inclusions associations and diamond-bearing peridotites and eclogites, follows the similar physico-chemical mechanisms (Litvin et al., 2016). This is illustrated by fractional syngenesis diagram for diamonds and associated minerals which construction is based on evidence from high pressure experiments. References Gasparik T., Litvin Yu.A (1997). Stability of Na2Mg2Si2O7 and melting relations on the forsterite - jadeite join at pressures up to 22 GPa.
DS200912-0443
2009
Kuzyura, A.V.Litvin, Yu.A., Bobrov, A.V., Kuzyura, A.V., Spivak, A.V., Litvin, Y.Yu., Butvina, V.G.Mantle carbonatite magma in diamond genesis.Goldschmidt Conference 2009, p. A774 Abstract.MantleMelting
DS201012-0420
2010
Kuzyura, A.V.Kuzyura, A.V., Wall, F., Jeffries, T., Litvin, Y.U.A.Partitioning of trace elements between garnet, clinopyroxene and diamond forming carbonate-silicate melt at 7 GPa.Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 74, 2, pp. 227-239.TechnologyDiamond genesis
DS201112-0610
2011
Kuzyura, A.V.Litvin, Yu.A., Vasiliev, P.G., Bobrov, A.V., Okoyomova, V.Yu., Kuzyura, A.V.Parental media for diamonds and primary inclusions by evidence of physicochemical experiment.Vestnik ONZ RAN *** in english, 4p. IN ENGLISHMantleMantle melting - carbonatite genesis of diamond
DS201112-0755
2011
Kuzyura, A.V.Okoemova, V.Yu., Vasiliev, P.G., Kuzyura, A.V., Litvin, Yu.A., Wall, F., Jeffries, T.Experimental study of partition of rare elements between minerals and melts of diamond forming eclogite carbonatite and peridotite carbonatites systems.Goldschmidt Conference 2011, abstract p.1566.TechnologyHP
DS201412-0494
2014
Kuzyura, A.V.Kuzyura, A.V., Litvin, Yu.A., Vasilev, P.G., Jeffries, T., Wall, F.Partitioning of rare elements between diamond forming melts and minerals of the peridotite-carbonatite system.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 455, 2, pp. 419-424.TechnologyPhysicochemical experiments
DS201502-0071
2015
Kuzyura, A.V.Kuzyura, A.V., Litvin, Yu.A., Jeffries, T.Interface partition coefficients of trace elements in carbonate-silicate parental media for diamonds and paragenetic inclusions ( experiments at 7.0-8.5 Gpa)Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 56, 1-2, pp. 221-231.TechnologyDiamond inclusions
DS201810-2346
2018
Kuzyura, A.V.Litvin, Yu.A., Kuzyura, A.V., Varlamov, D.A., Bovkun, A.V., Spival, A.V., Garanin, V.K.Interaction of kimberlite magma with diamonds upon uplift from the upper mantle to the Earth's crust.Geochemistry International, Vol. 56, 9, pp. 881-900.Russiadeposit - Nyurbinskaya

Abstract: Interaction between a melt of kimberlite from the Nyurbinskaya pipe (Yakutia) and natural monocrystalline diamonds was studied experimentally at 0.15 GPa and 1200-1250°C in high-pressure and high-temperature Ar gas “bombs.” The loss of diamond weight with slight surface dissolution of diamonds in a Ca carbonate-bearing kimberlite melt over the course of 2 h (the period of kimberlite transport from upper-mantle diamond-forming chambers to the crustal cumulative centers) is 3-4.5%. In 4 and 7-8 days (under the conditions of crustal cumulative centers), the weight of diamond decreases with remarkable bulk dissolution by 13.5 and 24.5-27.5%, respectively. In the run at 0.15 GPa and 1200°C kimberlite and ilmenite (added) melts interact to produce perovskite melt. Both of the melts, rich in titanium minerals, are immiscible with kimberlite melt and therefore cannot influence the diamond dissolution kinetics in the kimberlite melt. The experimental results suggest that precisely the dissolution processes for thermodynamically metastable diamonds in silicate-carbonate kimberlitic magmas are responsible for the effective decrease in the diamond potential of kimberlite deposits. The paper discusses the physicochemical reasons for the decrease in the kimberlite diamond potential during the chemically active history of diamond genesis: from upper-mantle chambers to the explosive release of diamonds and kimberlite material from cumulative centers to the Earth’s surface. The data on experimental physicochemical studies of the origin, analytical mineralogy of inclusions, and isotope geochemistry of diamonds are correlated.
DS202109-1479
2021
Kuzyura, A.V.Litvin, Yu.A., Spivak, A.V., Kuzyura, A.V.Physicogeochemical evolution of melts of superplumes uplift from the lower mantle to the transition zone: experiment at 26 and 20 Gpa.Geochemistry International, Vol. 66, 7, pp. 607-629. pdfMantleplumes

Abstract: The Western Pacific Triangular Zone (WPTZ) is the frontier of a future supercontinent to be formed at 250 Ma after present. The WPTZ is characterized by double-sided subduction zones to the east and south, and is a region dominated by extensive refrigeration and water supply into the mantle wedge since at least 200 Ma. Long stagnant slabs extending over 1200 km are present in the mid-Mantle Boundary Layer (MBL, 410-660 km) under the WPTZ, whereas on the Core-Mantle Boundary (CMB, 2700-2900 km depth), there is a thick high-V anomaly, presumably representing a slab graveyard. To explain the D? layer cold anomaly, catastrophic collapse of once stagnant slabs in MBL is necessary, which could have occurred at 30-20 Ma, acting as a trigger to open a series of back-arc basins, hot regions, small ocean basins, and presumably formation of a series of microplates in both ocean and continent. These events were the result of replacement of upper mantle by hotter and more fertile materials from the lower mantle.
DS1990-0328
1990
Kvasnits.. V, N.Chipenko, G.V., Ivakhnen, S.A., Kvasnits.. V, N., Belouov, I.S.A new habitus type of diamond crystal.(Russian)Doklady Academy of Sciences Akademy Nauk SSSR, (Russian), Vol. 312, No. 4, pp. 876-879GlobalDiamond morphology, Crystallography
DS1991-1774
1991
Kvasnitsa, .N.Valter, A.A., Kvasnitsa, .N.The genetic types of natural diamondsProceedings of Fifth International Kimberlite Conference held Araxa June 1991, Servico Geologico do Brasil (CPRM) Special, pp. 569-570RussiaDiamond morphology, Mantle, ultrabasic, peridotite, eclogite, metamorphic
DS1990-0897
1990
Kvasnitsa, V. N.Kvasnitsa, V. N., Zakharchenko, O.D.Simple crystal forms of diamond from the kimberlites of one of the regions in the USSR.(Russian)Mineral. Zhurnal, (Russian), Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 83-86RussiaDiamond crystallography, Diamond morphology
DS1980-0207
1980
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Kvasnitsa, V.N., et al.Small Diamonds (sparklers) from Kimberlites and PlacersMin. Zhurn., No. 2, PT. 3, PP. 40-52.Russia, Yakutia, UkraineCrystallography, Alluvial Placer Deposits
DS1981-0257
1981
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Kvasnitsa, V.N., Mazykin, V.V., Matyash, I.V., Tsymbal, S.N.(epa Spectra of Small Natural Diamonds and Their Possible Geneticificance.)Mineral. Zhur., Vol. 3, No. 1, PP. 89-92.RussiaKimberlite
DS1984-0440
1984
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Kvasnitsa, V.N.Morphology and Color from Various Rock Types.(russian)Mineral. Zhurn., (Russian), Vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 23-34RussiaRef. Fleischer United States Geological Survey (usgs) Of 88-689.mineralogical Refs. 198, Diamond Morphology
DS1984-0441
1984
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Kvasnitsa, V.N., Tsymbal, YU.S., et al.Goniometry of Lonsdaleite Containg Polycrystalline DiamondsMineral. Zhurn., Vol. 6, No. 6, PP. 71-73.RussiaCrystallography
DS1985-0023
1985
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Argunov, K.P., Zinchuk, N.N., Zuyev, V.M., Kvasnitsa, V.N.Carbonado and Imperfect Crystals Among Small Diamonds from kimberlites.Mineral. Zhurn., Vol. 7, No. 2, PP. 95-96.RussiaMineralogy, Microdiamonds
DS1985-0376
1985
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Kvasnitsa, V.N.Small Diamonds.(russian)Izd. Nauk Dumka Kiev Ukrainian SSR, (Russian), 212pRussiaMineral Chemistry, Diamond Morphology
DS1986-0473
1986
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Kvasnitsa, V.N., Vuiki, V.I., Tsymbal, Yu.S., Afanasev, V.P., et al.Crystal morphology and paragenesis of cut garnets fromkimberlites.(Russian)Mineral. Zhurn., (Russian), Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 30-44RussiaPyrope, Morphology
DS1987-0391
1987
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Kvasnitsa, V.N., Krochuk, V.M., Egorova, L.N., Kharkiv, A.D.Crystal morphology of zircon from kimberlites.(Russian)Mineral Zhurn., (Russian), Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 37-45RussiaBlank
DS1988-0390
1988
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Kvasnitsa, V.N., Krochuk, m V.M., Afasyev, V.P., Tsymbal, Yu.S.Crystal morphology of kimberlite chrome spinel.(Russian)Mineral. Zhurn., (Russian), Vol. 10, No. 3, June pp. 45-51RussiaMineralogy, Spinel
DS1988-0391
1988
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Kvasnitsa, V.N., Krochuk, V.M.Evolutional sequence of diamond crystal twins.(Russian)Ontogeniya Mineralov I Teknol. Mineral., (Russian), p. 138-144GlobalDiamond Morphology
DS1988-0392
1988
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Kvasnitsa, V.N., Krochuk, V.M., Melnikov, V.S., Yatsenko, V.G.Crystal morphology of graphite from magmatic rocks Of the Ukrainianshield.(Russian)Mineral Zhurn., (Russian), Vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 68-76RussiaCarbonatite
DS1988-0393
1988
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Kvasnitsa, V.N., Taran, M.N., Smirnov, G.I., Legkova, G.V.Violet red zircon from kimberlite.(Russian)Mineral. Zhurnal, (Russian), Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 12-17LesothoDiamond morphology, Zircon
DS1988-0742
1988
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Voznyak, D.K., Kvasnitsa, V.N., Kharkiv, A.D., Legkova, G.V.First find of the inclusion of saline magmatic solution into the crystalsof kimberlite zircon.(Russian)Mineral. Zhurn., (Russian), Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 15-22RussiaMineralogy, Fluid inclusions, Zircon
DS1988-0744
1988
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Vuyko, V.I., Kvasnitsa, V.N., Koptil, V.I., Krivonos, V.F.Optical spectra and color of small diamonds from kimberlite.(Russian)Mineral. Sbornik (L'Vov), (Russian), Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 13-17RussiaMicrodiamonds, Diamond morphology -colou
DS1989-0528
1989
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Gorogotskaya, L.I., Kvasnitsa, V.N., Hadezhdina, Ye.D.Orientation relations of graphite-lonsdaleite-diamond during natural transformations in shock waves.(Russian)Mineral. Zhurn., (Russian), Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 26-33RussiaLonsdaleite, Mineraloggy
DS1989-0768
1989
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Kharkiv, A.D., Kvasnitsa, V.N., Safronov, A.F., Zinchuk, N.N.Typomorphism of diamond and associated minerals from kimberlites.(Russian)Naukova Dumka Kiev Publishing (Russian), 181pRussiaKimberlite mineralogy, TypomorphisM.
DS1990-1445
1990
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Taran, M.N., Bagmut, N.N., Kvasnitsa, V.N., Kharkiv, A.D.Optical and EPR-spectra of natural kimberlite-type zircons.(Russian)Mineral. Zhurn., (Russian), Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 44-51RussiaKimberlites, Spectroscopy
DS1990-1491
1990
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Valter, A.A., Kvasnitsa, V.N., Yeremenko, G.K.Structure, composition and optical properties of diamond paramorphs bygraphite.(Russian)Mineral. Zhurn., (Russian), Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 3-16RussiaDiamond, Crystallography
DS1991-0946
1991
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Kvasnitsa, V.N., Nadezhdina, Ye.D.Regular intergrowth of diamond paramorphs on graphite.(Russian)Mineral. Zhurn., (Russian), Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 95-98RussiaMineralogy, Diamond morphology
DS1992-1398
1992
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Shumlyanskiy, V.A., Kvasnitsa, V.N.Platform magmatism and presence of diamond of south-west eastern European Platform (Russian)Izvest, Akad, Nauk SSSR, (Russian), No. 2, February pp. 17-26.RussiaMagmatism, Diamond genesis
DS1992-1614
1992
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Voznyak, D.K., Kvasnitsa, V.N., Kislyakova, T.Ya.Liquified gases in natural diamondGeochemistry International, Vol. 29, No. 9, pp. 107-112.GlobalDiamond morphology, Diamond inclusions
DS1995-0102
1995
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Banzeruk, V.I., Kvasnitsa, V.N., Koptil, V.I., Zinchuk, V.Comprehensive study of diamonds from difficult to dress source material. #2Proceedings of the Sixth International Kimberlite Conference Extended Abstracts, p. 32-33.Russia, YakutiaMineral processing, Deposit -Jubilee, Sytykan
DS1995-0103
1995
Kvasnitsa, V.N.Banzeruk, V.I., Kvasnitsa, V.N., Koptil, V.I., Zinchuk, V.Comprehensive study of diamonds from difficult to dress source material. #1Proceedings of the Sixth International Kimberlite Conference Almazy, p. 29-31.Russia, YakutiaMineral processing, Deposit -Sytykan, Yubileinaya, Jubilee
DS1986-0539
1986
Kvasnitska, V.N.Mazykin, V.V., Mattyash, I.V., Kvasnitska, V.N., Argunov, K.P., ZinchukESR spectra of neutron irradiated diamonds.(Russian)Dopl. Akad. Nauk UKR. B.Geol, (Russian), No. 10, pp. 10-12GlobalMineralogy
DS1986-0474
1986
Kvasnitsya, V.M.Kvasnitsya, V.M., Koptil, V.I., et al.Trigon trioctahedral diamonds.(Russian)Dopov. Akad. Nauk. Ukr. Ser. B. (Russian), Vol. 1986, No. 9, pp. 12-15GlobalDiamond
DS202112-1938
2020
Kvasntsya, V.M.Lysakovskyi, V.V., Ivakhnenko, S.O., Kvasntsya, V.M., Kovalenko, T., Burchenia, A.V. Features of morphogenesis of diamond single crystals more than 2 carats grown by temperature gradient method.Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 550, 12890, 6p. PdfGlobalsynthetics

Abstract: The morphology of ultra-large polyhedra of diamond grown under high pressure and high temperature (5.6-5.8 GPa and 1400-1700 °C) in a growth system based on Fe-Co was studied. The grown diamond polyhedra are crystals of an octahedral habit with minor faces of a cube, rhombic dodecahedron, and trapezohedrons {3 1 1}, {5 1 1} and {7 1 1}. The morphological features of the grown crystals are the skeletal growth of faces of various simple forms and the so-called "binary growth" of single crystal. The characteristic of these growth phenomena is given and possible reasons for their manifestation are described.
DS201601-0027
2015
Kvasnttsya, V.M.Kvasnttsya, V.M., Wirth, R., Tsymbal, S.M.Nano-micromorphology and anatomy of impact apographitic diamonds from Bilylivka ( Zapadnaya) astrobleme ( The Ukrainian shield).Mineralogical Journal ( Ukraine) *** in Ukraine … abstract in english, Vol. 37, 4, pp. 36-45.Europe, UkraineAstrobleme, diamonds
DS201312-0525
2013
Kvasnytsya, V.Kvasnytsya, V.Late Cretaceous ultramafic lamprophyres and carbonatites from the Delitzsch Complex, Germany.Chemical Geology, in press availableRussiaYakutian kimberlites
DS201312-0526
2013
Kvasnytsya, V.Kvasnytsya, V.Crystal forms of natural microdiamonds.Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 39, pp. 89-97.Russia, YakutiaDiamond morphology
DS201312-0527
2013
Kvasnytsya, V.Kvasnytsya, V., Wirth, R.Micromorphology and internal structure of apographitic impact diamonds: SEM and TEM study.Diamond and Related Materials, In press pp. 7-16.RussiaDeposit - Popigai
DS201511-1858
2013
Kvasnytsya, V.Kvasnytsya, V.Crystal forms of natural microdiamonds.Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 39, pp. 89-97.TechnologyMicrodiamonds - responses

Abstract: Geometrical crystallographic features of rare diamond micro-crystals (0.3-0.5 mm in diameter) from kimberlites having different complex flat and smooth faces are described. Such polyhedrons of microdiamonds are typically composed of two or more combinations of seven different crystal forms belonging to hexoctahedral symmetry class: octahedron, cube, rhombic dodecahedron, trisoctahedron, trapezohedron, tetrahexahedron and hexoctahedron. Many of them are not yet known for macro-crystals of this mineral. All these forms are found as small faces on the octahedral crystals. Both flat and smooth faces of octahedron and cube on such crystals have their own growth sectors. Flat faces of rhombic dodecahedron, different trisoctahedrons, trapezohedrons and hexoctahedrons occur as so-called faces of degeneration of octahedral growth planes. Nature of tetrahexahedron flat faces is not clear. An investigation of the complex diamond polyhedrons should give a new idea on crystal morphology of diamond, make more precise its symmetry and be important for the explanation of the nature of diamond on the whole.
DS202204-0526
2022
Kvasnytsya, V.Kvasnytsya, V.Morphology of diamond crystals and mechanism of their growth ( natural and synthetic).Journal of Superhard Materials, Vol. 43, 2, pp. 75-84.Russiadiamond morphology

Abstract: Using the morphology of natural and synthetic diamond crystals as an example, the mechanisms of their growth of dislocation (spiral), non-dislocation (two-dimensional nucleation), normal (fibrous), and block (adhesive) character have been demonstrated. These mechanisms can be clearly seen in the morphological and microtopographic features of diamond polyhedra and xenocrystals. Growth occurs by the dislocation and normal mechanisms for most natural diamond crystals and the dislocation and two-dimensional nucleation mechanisms for synthetic diamond crystals.
DS202205-0699
2022
Kvasnytsya, V.Kvasnytsya, V.The size and shape of diamond crystals of different origin. *** Abst in ENG onlyMineralogical Journal , March, pp. 32-40. pdfGlobaldiamond morphology

Abstract: The size and shape of diamond crystals of different origin are analyzed. Diamonds with a size of less than about 0.5 mm are classified as microcrystals. Diamonds found in meteorites typically show non-faceted anhedral crystals of various sizes. Only the Canyon Diablo iron meteorite has cubic microcrystals of unclear crystallogenesis. Nano, micro- and macro-sized crystals of diamond in meteorites are usually aggregate in nature. The release of diamond polyhedra in meteorites is limited by the too small size of its crystals in chondrites and by its solid-phase transformation from very fine-grained diamond and graphite in ureilites and octahedrites. The size and shape of diamond crystals found in meteorite impact craters are determined by the nature of the source carbon material. The process of solid-phase transformation of graphite or other carbon-bearing materials (e.g., coal, plant remains) to diamond in meteorite craters does not allow euhedral crystal to be formed. At the same time, in the case of diamonds formed from impacts, on the (0001) faces of impact apographitic diamonds, polyhedra of nano-microdiamonds crystallize from the gas phase. These crystals are often form autoepitaxially, because they crystallize in an oriented manner on the lonsdaleite-diamond matrix. Diamonds found in metamorphic rocks, ophiolites and modern volcanites show faceted microcrystals. A wide range of sizes, from 0.1 mm to 10 cm, is characteristic of faceted diamond crystals from kimberlites, lamproites and lamprophyres. Diamond crystals from different mantle rocks acquire a multifaceted shape after reaching certain embryo sizes — the most likely appearance of diamond polyhedra larger than 40-50 nm. Octahedra forms are dominant for natural diamond crystals of different sizes and origin. Keywords: diamond, geological-genetic types of diamond, nano-micro- and macrocrystals, crystal size, crystal shape.
DS200412-1965
2004
Kvasnytsya, V.M.Taran, M.N., Kvasnytsya, V.M., Langer, K.On unusual deep violet microcrystals of diamonds from placers of Ukraine.European Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 16, 2,pp. 241-245.Europe, UkraineDiamond morphology
DS200512-0595
2005
Kvasnytsya, V.M.Kvasnytsya, V.M., Glevassky, Y.B., Kryvdik, S.G.Paleotectonic, petrological and mineralogical criteria of diamond bearing ability of the Ukrainian shield.Gems & Gemology, abstracts Mineralogical Journal (Ukraine) Vol. 26, 1, pp. 24-40. *** in English, Vol. 41, 2, Summer p. 194. abstract onlyEurope, UkraineTectonics
DS200612-1415
2006
Kvasnytsya, V.M.Taran, M.N., Kvasnytsya, V.M., Langer, K., Ilchenko, K.O.Infrared spectroscopy study of nitrogen centers in microdiamonds from Ukrainian Neogene placers.European Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 18, 1, pp. 71-81.Europe, Ukraine, RussiaMicrodiamonds
DS200912-0420
2009
Kvasnytsya, V.M.Kvasnytsya, V.M., Wirth, R.Nanoinclusions in micro diamonds from Neogenic sands of the Ukraine ( Samotkan placer): a TEM stufy.Lithos, In press available, 41p.Europe, UkraineMicrodiamonds - morphology
DS201906-1359
2019
Kvasnytsya, V.M.Vyshnevskyi, O.A., Kvasnytsya, V.M.On the provenance of diamonds from Samotkan placer ( Middle Dnipro area, Ukraine). 1p. Abs in ENGM.P. Semeneneko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation Conference Paper, 1p. Abstract in ENGEurope, Ukrainedeposit - Dnipro
DS202103-0391
2021
Kvasnytsya, V.M.Kvasnytsya, V.M., Kaminsky, F.VUnusual green type lb-lab Dniester-type diamond from Ukrainian placers.Mineralogy and Petrology, doi.org/10.1007/ s00710-020-00732-w 12p. PdfEurope, Ukrainediamond morphology

Abstract: Among placer diamond occurrences in Ukraine, a group of microdiamonds have been distinguished that have specific morphological, color and spectral characteristics, not observed in other natural diamonds. These diamonds, termed "Dniester-type diamonds", have tetrahexahedroidal and rhombododecahedroidal morphologies, green coloration, and high concentrations of single-atom, unaggregated nitrogen in the form of C-centers (66-74% of all N atoms), along with low ratios of nitrogen aggregation (0-13% agrregation ratio) and high total nitrogen content (892-1493 atomic ppm). With these characteristics, Dniester-type diamonds are approximate the Type Ib-Iab classification. The predominance of single-atom, unaggregated nitrogen indicates a short residence time under high-temperature conditions. These Dniester-type diamonds have a narrow range of carbon isotopic compositions, from ?¹³? = -10.52‰ VPDB t? -12.82‰ VPDB (average ?¹³? = -11.85‰ VPDB). They are distributed in Quaternary and Neogene sediments of the southwestern part of the Ukrainian Shield. This distribution forms a local halo within the Dniester and Southern Bug rivers interfluve and Black Sea beach sediments, approximately 650 km in length. This implies their endemic character and the likely nearby presence of primary source(s) of unknown, possibly non-kimberlitic type.
DS202205-0700
2022
Kvasnytsya, V.M.Kvasnytsya, V.M., Wirth, R.Impact diamonds from meteorite craters and Neogene places in Ukraine.Mineralogy and Petrology, 10.1007/s00710-022-00778-y 19p. PdfEurope, Ukrainediamond genesis
DS201606-1102
2016
Kvassnytsya, V.Kvassnytsya, V., Wirth, R., Piazolo, S., Jacob, D.E., Trimby, P.Surface morphology and structural types of natural impact apographitic diamonds. IN RUSSIANSverkhtverdie Materiali ( Ukraine) in RUSSIAN, No. 2, pp. 3-17.TechnologyMorphology of lonsdaleite, diamond

Abstract: External and internal morphologies of natural impact apographitic diamonds (paramorphoses) have been studied. The (0001) surface morphology of the paramorphoses reflects their phase composition and the structural relationship of its constituting phases. Growth and etch figures together with the elements of crystal symmetry of lonsdaleite and diamond are developed on these surfaces. The crystal size of lonsdaleite is up to 100 nm, and that of diamond is up to 300 nm. Two types of structural relations between graphite, lonsdaleite, and diamond in the paramorphoses are observed: the first type (black, black-gray, colorless and yellowish paramorphoses): the (0001) graphite face is parallel to the (100) lonsdaleite face and parallel to (111) diamond; the second type (milky-white paramorphoses): the (0001) graphite is parallel to the (100) lonsdaleite and parallel to the (112) diamond. The first type of the paramorphoses contains lonsdaleite, diamond, graphite or diamond, lonsdaleite, the second type of the paramorphoses contains predominantly diamond. The direct phase transition of graphite ? lonsdaleite and/or graphite ?diamond occurred in the paramorphoses of the first type. A successive phase transition graphite ? lonsdaleite ? diamond was observed in the paramorphoses of the second type. The structure of the paramorphoses of this type shows characteristic features of recrystallization.
DS1988-0743
1988
Kvastnitsa, V.N.Vuiko, V.L., Kvastnitsa, V.N., Koptil, V.I., Krivonos, V.F.Optical spectra and the color of small diamonds from kimberlites.(Russian)Mineral. Sbornik (L'Vov), (Russian), Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 13-17RussiaDiamond morphology, Microdiamonds
DS1986-0759
1986
KvickSmyth, J.R., Smith, J.V., Artioli, G., Richardson, J.W.Jr., KvickCrystal structure of coesite at 15 and 198 K from single crystal eurton and X-ray diffraction, test of bonding modelsGeological Society of America (GSA) Abstract Volume, Vol. 18, No. 6, p. 756. (abstract.)South AfricaRoberts Victor deposit, Crystallography
DS1993-1277
1993
Kvill, D.Rains, B., Shaw, J., Skoye, R., Sjogren, D., Kvill, D.Late Wisconsin subglacial megaflood paths in AlbertaGeology, Vol. 21, No. 4, April pp. 323-326.AlbertaGeomorphology, Glacial
DS2000-1044
2000
Kvill, D.Young, R.A., Burns, J.A., Sjogren, D.B., Kvill, D.Post glacial terraces of West Central Alberta and inferences models of subglacial and deglacial processesGeological Society of America (GSA) Abstracts, Vol. 32, No. 7, p.A-511.AlbertaGeomorphology
DS1990-0324
1990
Kvito, T.D.Chernysheva, Y.A., Nechelyustovm G.N., Kvito, T.D.Evolution of perovskite composition in alkaline rocks of the Nizhnesayan carbonatite complex.(Russian)Geochemistry International (Geokhimiya), (Russian), No. 9, pp. 1330-1337RussiaGeochemistry, Carbonatite
DS2001-0594
2001
KwadibaKgaswane, E.M., Wright, Simon, KwadibaThe characterization of southern African seismicity April 1997-1999. Implications for refining models ..Slave-Kaapvaal Workshop, Sept. Ottawa, 6p. abstractMantleGeophysics - seismics, Sub-cratonic lithosphere
DS2001-1080
2001
KwadibaSimon, R., Wright, Kgaswane, KwadibaThe structure of the transition zone and uppermost lower mantle below and around the Kaapvaal Craton.Slave-Kaapvaal Workshop, Sept. Ottawa, 6p. abstractSouth AfricaTectonics
DS2001-1259
2001
KwadibaWright, C., Kwadiba, Kgaswane, SimonP and S wavespeeds in the crust and upper mantle below the Kaapvaal Cratonin depths of 320 KM from earthquakeSlave-Kaapvaal Workshop, Sept. Ottawa, 5p. abstractSouth AfricaGeophysics - local and mining earthquakes
DS2001-0644
2001
Kwadiba, M.Kwadiba, M., Wright, James, Kgaswane, Simon, Niu, SchuttCrustal phases and the structure of the crust beneath the Kaapvaal CratonSlave-Kaapvaal Workshop, Sept. Ottawa, 2p. abstractSouth AfricaTectonics, Geophysics - teleseismic
DS201911-2552
2019
Kwadiba, M.Ortiz, K., Nyblade, A., Meijde, M., Paulssen, H., Kwadiba, M., Ntibinyane, O., Durheim, R., Fadel, I., Homman, K.Upper mantle P and S wave velocity structure of the Kalahari craton and surrounding Proterozoic terranes, southern Africa.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, 16, pp. 9509-9518.Africa, South Africageophysics - seismics

Abstract: P and S waves travel times from large, distant earthquakes recorded on seismic stations in Botswana and South Africa have been combined with existing data from the region to construct velocity models of the upper mantle beneath southern Africa. The models show a region of higher velocities beneath the Rehoboth Province and parts of the northern Okwa Terrane and the Magondi Belt, which can be attributed to thicker cratonic lithosphere, and a region of lower velocities beneath the Damara?Ghanzi?Chobe Belt and Okavango Rift, which can be attributed a region of thinner off?craton lithosphere. This finding suggests that the spatial extent of thick cratonic lithosphere in southern Africa is greater than previously known. In addition, within the cratonic lithosphere an area of lower velocities is imaged, revealing parts of the cratonic lithosphere that may have been modified by younger magmatic events.
DS202011-2067
2020
Kwadiba, M.White-Gaynor, A.L., Nyblade, A.A., Durrheim, R., Raveloson, R., van der Meijde, M., Fadel, I., Paulssen, H., Kwadiba, M., Ntibinyane, O., Titus, N., Sitali, M.Lithospheric boundaries and upper mantle structure beneath southern Africa imaged by P and S wave velocity models.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 10.1029/GC008925 20p. PdfAfrica, South AfricaGeophysics, seismic

Abstract: We report new P and S wave velocity models of the upper mantle beneath southern Africa using data recorded on seismic stations spanning the entire subcontinent. Beneath most of the Damara Belt, including the Okavango Rift, our models show lower than average velocities (?0.8% Vp; ?1.2% Vs) with an abrupt increase in velocities along the terrane's southern margin. We attribute the lower than average velocities to thinner lithosphere (~130 km thick) compared to thicker lithosphere (~200 km thick) immediately to the south under the Kalahari Craton. Beneath the Etendeka Flood Basalt Province, higher than average velocities (0.25% Vp; 0.75% Vs) indicate thicker and/or compositionally distinct lithosphere compared to other parts of the Damara Belt. In the Rehoboth Province, higher than average velocities (0.3% Vp; 0.5% Vs) suggest the presence of a microcraton, as do higher than average velocities (1.0% Vp; 1.5% Vs) under the Southern Irumide Belt. Lower than average velocities (?0.4% Vp; ?0.7% Vs) beneath the Bushveld Complex and parts of the Mgondi and Okwa terranes are consistent with previous studies, which attributed them to compositionally modified lithosphere resulting from Precambrian magmatic events. There is little evidence for thermally modified upper mantle beneath any of these terranes which could provide a source of uplift for the Southern African Plateau. In contrast, beneath parts of the Irumide Belt in southern and central Zambia and the Mozambique Belt in central Mozambique, deep?seated low velocity anomalies (?0.7% Vp; ?0.8% Vs) can be attributed to upper mantle extensions of the African superplume structure.
DS2002-1741
2002
Kwadiba, M.T.Wright, C., Kwadiba, M.T., Kgaswane, E.M., Simon, R.E.The structure of the crust and upper mantle to depths of 320 km beneath the KaapvaalJournal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 35, 4, pp. 477-88.South AfricaGeophysics - seismics, Core mantle boundary
DS2003-0766
2003
Kwadiba, M.T.Kwadiba, M.T., Wright, C., Kgaswane, E.M., Simon, R.E., Nguuri, T.K.Pn arrivals and lateral variations of Moho geometry beneath the Kaapvaal cratonLithos, Vol. 71, 2-4, pp. 393-411.South AfricaGeophysics - seismics, tectonics
DS2003-1280
2003
Kwadiba, M.T.Simon, R.E., Wright, C., Kwadiba, M.T., Kgaswane, E.M.Mantle structure and composition to 800 km depth beneath southern Africa andLithos, Vol. 71, 2-4, pp. 353-367.South AfricaGeophysics - seismics, tectonics
DS2003-1500
2003
Kwadiba, M.T.Wright, C., Kgaswane, E.M., Kwadiba, M.T., Simon, R.E., Nguuri, T.K., McRaeSouth African seismicity, April 1997 to April 1999 and regional variations in the crustLithos, Vol. 71, 2-4, pp. 369-392.South AfricaGeophysics - seismics, tectonics
DS200412-1075
2003
Kwadiba, M.T.Kwadiba, M.T., Wright, C., Kgaswane, E.M., Simon, R.E., Nguuri, T.K.Pn arrivals and lateral variations of Moho geometry beneath the Kaapvaal craton.Lithos, Vol. 71, 2-4, pp. 393-411.Africa, South AfricaGeophysics - seismics, tectonics
DS200412-1832
2003
Kwadiba, M.T.Simon, R.E., Wright, C., Kwadiba, M.T., Kgaswane, E.M.Mantle structure and composition to 800 km depth beneath southern Africa and surrounding oceans from broadband body waves.Lithos, Vol. 71, 2-4, pp. 353-367.Africa, South AfricaGeophysics - seismics, tectonics
DS200412-2146
2003
Kwadiba, M.T.Wright, C., Kgaswane, E.M., Kwadiba, M.T., Simon, R.E., Nguuri, T.K., McRae, S.R.South African seismicity, April 1997 to April 1999 and regional variations in the crust and uppermost mantle of the Kaapvaal craLithos, Vol. 71, 2-4, pp. 369-392.Africa, South AfricaGeophysics - seismics, tectonics
DS2002-1490
2002
Kwadiba, M.T.O.Simon, R.E., Wright, C., Kgaswanr, E.M., Kwadiba, M.T.O.The P wavespeed structure below and around the Kaapvaal Craton to depths of 800Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 151, 1, pp. 132-145.South AfricaGeophysics - seismics, Mining induced tremors
DS2003-1281
2003
Kwadiba, M.T.O.Simon, R.E., Wright, C., Kwadiba, M.T.O., Kgaswane, E.M.The structure of the upper mantle and transition zone beneath southern Africa fromSouth African Journal of Science, South AfricaBlank
DS2003-1501
2003
Kwadiba, M.T.O.Wright, C., Kwadiba, M.T.O., Kgaswane, E.M., Nguuri, T.K.Variations in crustal thickness and uppermost mantle structure across the KaapvaalSouth African Journal of Science, Vol. 99, 9/10, pp. 447-452.South AfricaBlank
DS200412-1833
2003
Kwadiba, M.T.O.Simon, R.E., Wright, C., Kwadiba, M.T.O., Kgaswane, E.M.The structure of the upper mantle and transition zone beneath southern Africa from broad band body waves.South African Journal of Science, Vol. 99, 11/12, pp. 577-583.Africa, South AfricaGeophysics - seismics, tectonics
DS200412-2147
2003
Kwadiba, M.T.O.Wright, C., Kwadiba, M.T.O., Kgaswane, E.M., Nguuri, T.K.Variations in crustal thickness and uppermost mantle structure across the Kaapvaal Craton from Pn and Sn arrivals and receiver fSouth African Journal of Science, Vol. 99, 9/10, pp. 447-452.Africa, South AfricaGeophysics - seismics
DS200412-2148
2004
Kwadiba, M.T.O.Wright, C., Kwadiba, M.T.O., Simon, R.E., Kgaswane, E.M., Nguuri, T.K.Variations in the thickness of the crust of the Kaapvaal craton, and mantle structure below southern Africa.Earth Planets and Space, Vol. 56, 2, pp. 125-138. Ingenta 1043471077Africa, South AfricaTectonics, Gondwana, boundary, discontinuities
DS1987-0154
1987
Kwak, L.M.Dewitt, E., Kwak, L.M., Zartman, R.E.Uranium-thorium-lead (U-Th-Pb) and 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Mountain Pass carbonatite and alkalic igneous rocks, southeast CaliforniaGeological Society of America, Vol. 19, No. 7 annual meeting abstracts, p.642. abstracCaliforniaShonkinite, Rare earths
DS1990-1150
1990
Kwak, L.M.Paces, J.B., Zartman, R.E., Taylor, L.A., Futa, K., Kwak, L.M.lead isotopic evidence for multiple episodes of lower crustal growth and modification in granulite nodules from the Superior Province, MichiganGeological Society of America (GSA) Annual Meeting, Abstracts, Vol. 22, No. 7, p. A119Michigan, MidcontinentGeochronology, Granulite nodules
DS201705-0844
2016
Kwan, K.Kwan, K., Legault, J.Tli Kwi Cho shootout. III GeophysicsSEG Annual Meeting Dallas, 14 ppt.Canada, Northwest TerritoriesDeposit - Tli Kwi Cho
DS1992-0090
1992
Kwangho YouBarnes, R.J., Kwangho YouAdding bounds to krigingMathematical Geology, Vol. 24, No. 2, February pp. 171-176GlobalGeostatistics, Kriging
DS201603-0371
2016
Kwelwa, S.Delcamp, A., Delvaux, D., Kwelwa, S., Macheyeki, A., Kervyn, M.Sector collapse events at volcanoes in the North Tanzanian divergence zone and their implications for regional tectonics. ( Oldoinyo Lengai)Geological Society of America Bulletin, Vol. 128, 1/2, pp. 169-186.Africa, TanzaniaLineaments

Abstract: The North Tanzanian divergence zone along the East African Rift is characterized by active faults and several large volcanoes such as Meru, Ol Doinyo Lengai, and Kilimanjaro. Based on systematic morphostructural analysis of the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission digital elevation model and targeted field work, 14 debris avalanche deposits were identified and characterized, some of them being - to our knowledge - previously unknown. Our field survey around Mount Meru allowed previous "lahar" deposits to be reinterpreted as debris avalanche deposits and three major collapse events to be distinguished, with the two older ones being associated with eruptions. We used topographic lineaments and faults across the North Tanzanian divergence zone to derive the main tectonic trends and their spatial variations and highlight their control on volcano collapse orientation. Based on previous analogue models, the tectonic regime is inferred from the orientation of the collapse scars and/or debris avalanche deposits. We infer two types of regime: extensional and transtensional/strike-slip. The strike-slip regime dominates along the rift escarpment, but an extensional regime is inferred to have operated for the recent sector collapses. The proposed interpretation of sector collapse scars and debris avalanche deposits therefore provides constraints on the tectonic regime in the region. It is possible that, in some cases, movement on regional faults triggered sector collapse.
DS1986-0477
1986
KwonKwon, Sung Tacklead, Strontium, neodymium isotope studies of the 100-2700 Ma old alkalic rocks-carbonatite complexes in the Canadian Shield: inferences on the geochemical and structural evolutionPh.D. Thesis, University of of California Santa Barbara, CanadaCarbonatite, Alkaline rocks
DS1987-0045
1987
KwonBell, K., Blenkinsop, J., Kwon, Tlton, SageAge and radiogenic isotopic systematics of the Border carbonatite complexOntario, canada.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 24, pp. 24-30.OntarioGeochronology, deposit - Borden
DS1986-0476
1986
Kwon, S.T.Kwon, S.T., Tilton, G.R.lead isotopic studies of Canadian shield alkalic complexes:correlation with Sr isotopic evolutionGeological Society of America (GSA) Abstact Volume, Vol. 18, No. 6, p. 663. (abstract.)Ontario, ManitobaGeochronology, Alkaline rocks
DS1989-0839
1989
Kwon, S.T.Kwon, S.T., Tilton, G.R., Grunenfelder, M.H.Lead isotope relationships in carbonatites and alkalic complexes: anoverviewCarbonatites -Genesis and Evolution, Ed. K. Bell Unwin Hyman Publ, pp. 360-387Midcontinent, OntarioGeochronology, Lead
DS200512-0165
2005
Kwon, S.T.Choi, S.H., Kwon, S.T.Mineral chemistry of spinel peridotite xenoliths from Baengnyeong Island, South Korea, and its applications for the paleogeotherm of the uppermost mantle.Island Arc, Vol. 14, 3, pp. 236-253.Asia, KoreaXenoliths - not specific to diamonds
DS201112-0564
2011
Kwon, S-R.Kwon, S-R.Characterization of distinctive color zoning and various inclusions in low grade diamonds.GIA International Symposium 2011, Gems & Gemology, Summer poster abstract session p.134.TechnologyDiamond inclusions
DS1990-1464
1990
Kwon, S-T.Tilton, G.R., Kwon, S-T.Isotopic evidence for crust-mantle evolution with emphasis on the CanadianshieldChem. Geol, Vol. 83, No. 3/4, June 25, pp. 149-183Canada, OntarioAlkaline complexes, Geochronology
DS1985-0671
1985
Kwon, SUNG TACK.Tilton, G.R., Frost, D.M., Kwon, SUNG TACK.Isotopic Relationships in Arkansaw Cretaceous Alkalic Complexes.Geological Society of America (GSA), Vol. 17, No. 3, P. 194. (abstract.).United States, Gulf Coast, Arkansas, Hot Spring County, Canada, QuebecIsotope
DS1990-1028
1990
Kwon, T.T.Meijer, A., Kwon, T.T., Tilton, G.R.U-Th-lead partioning behaviour during partial melting in the upper mantle-implications for the origin of high Mu-components and the lead paradoxJournal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, No. 1, Jan. 10, pp. 433-448GlobalMantle, lead paradox
DS1986-0805
1986
Kwon Sung TackTilton, G.R., Kwon Sung Tacklead isotope studies of alkalic carbonatite and syenite complexesGeological Association of Canada (GAC) Annual Meeting, Vol. 11, p. 137. AbstractOntario, ArkansasCarbonatite, Geochronology
DS1986-0475
1986
Kwon Sung Tack, Tilton G.R.Kwon Sung Tack, Tilton G.R.Comparative isotopic studies of Cargill and Borden carbonatite complexes from the Kapuskasing gravity high zone, OntarioGeological Association of Canada (GAC) Annual Meeting, Vol. 11, p. 92. (abstract.)Ontario, MidcontinentCarbonatite, Geochronology, Geophysics
DS1986-0371
1986
Kwong, Y.T.J.Hora, Z.D., Kwong, Y.T.J.Anomalous rare earth elements (REE) in the Deep Purple and Candy claimsBritish Columbia Ministry of Energy, Geological Fieldwork 1985, No. 1986-1, pp. 241-242British ColumbiaCarbonatite, Rare earths
DS1986-0374
1986
Kwong, Y.T.J.Hoy, T., Kwong, Y.T.J.The Mount Grace carbonatite- an niobium and light rare earth element enriched marble of probable pyroclastic origin in the Shuswapcomplex, southeastern British ColumbiEconomic Geology, Vol. 81, No. 6, Sept-Oct. pp. 1374-1386British ColumbiaCarbonatite, Rare earth
DS1995-0250
1995
Kyavlova, H.Cadek, O., Kyavlova, H., Yuen, D.A.Geodynamical implications from the correlation of surface geology and seismic tomographic structure.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 136, pp. 615-627.MantleTomography, Geophysics -seismics
DS201610-1876
2016
Kyaw, S.Johnson, P., Kyaw, S., Zaitsev, A.M.Treated hydrogen rich diamonds.GSA Annual Meeting, 1/2p. abstractTechnologyBlack diamond
DS201212-0381
2012
Kyazimov, V.O.Kriulina, G.Y., Kyazimov, V.O., Vasillev, E.A., Matveeva, O.P.New dat a on the structure of the cubic habit diamonds from the M.V. Lomonosov diamond deposit. Archangelsk Diamondiferous Province, Russia.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Feb. 6-11, Bangalore India, AbstractRussia, Archangel, Kola PeninsulaDeposit - Lomonosov
DS1989-0897
1989
Kye, F.J.Lowe, D.R., Byerly, G.R., Asaro, F., Kye, F.J.Geological and geochemical record of 3400 Million year old terrestrial meteorite impactsScience, Vol. 245, No. 4921, September 1, pp. 959-962. # 18151South AfricaBarberton area, Impact
DS200912-0421
2009
Kylander Clar, A.R.C.Kylander Clar, A.R.C., Hacker, B.R., Johnson, C.M., Beard, B.L., Mahlen, N.Slow subduction of a thick ultrahigh pressure terrane.Tectonics, Vol. 28, 2, TC2003MantleUHP
DS202102-0186
2021
Kylander-Clark, A.Feng, P., Wang, L., Brown, M., Johnson, T.E., Kylander-Clark, A., Piccoli, P.M.Partial melting of ultrahigh pressure eclogite by omphacite-breakdown facilitates exhumation of deeply-subducted crust.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 554, doi.org/10.1016/ j.epsl.2020. 116664 13p. PdfMantleeclogite

Abstract: Results from numerical modelling and experimental petrology have led to the hypothesis that partial melting was important in facilitating exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks from mantle depths. However, the melting reactions responsible are rarely well-documented from natural examples. Here we report microstructural features and compositional data that indicate in situ partial melting dominated by breakdown of omphacite in UHP eclogite from the Sulu belt, China. Diagnostic microstructures include: (i) the presence of in situ leucosome pockets composed of plagioclase, euhedral amphibole, minor K-feldspar and epidote within host zoisite- and phengite-bearing eclogite; (ii) skeletal omphacite within the leucosome pockets that has a lower jadeite content (25-45 mol.%) than rock-forming omphacite (39-54 mol.%); and, (iii) seams of Na-rich plagioclase that extend along grain boundaries separating phengite, quartz and zoisite, and which commonly exhibit low dihedral angles where they terminate at triple grain-boundary junctions. Major oxide proportions of 57 leucosome pockets, calculated using mineral modes and compositions, yield leucodiorite bulk compositions characterized by intermediate SiO2, high Al2O3 and Na2O, and low K2O contents. In primitive mantle-normalised trace element diagrams, the leucosome pockets show enrichment in large ion lithophile elements, U, Pb, Zr, Hf and Ti, but depletion in Th and Ta, patterns that are similar to those of rock-forming omphacite. Rather than forming predominantly by breakdown of phengite and/or zoisite, as widely proposed in the literature, the leucosome pockets have petrographic characteristics and major oxide and trace element compositions that are consistent with partial melting dominated by omphacite breakdown. Based on conventional thermobarometry, the eclogite was exhumed from pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions of 3.6-3.1 GPa and 900-840 °C. Partial melting led to the formation of the leucosome pockets, which equilibrated with the rims of surrounding rock-forming garnet and pyroxene during crystallisation. Conventional thermobarometry using rim compositions yields P-T conditions of 1.6-1.2 GPa and 780-690 °C, broadly consistent with calculated phase equilibria and Ti-in-zircon temperatures from zircon overgrowths. Weighted mean ages of ca 217-214 Ma from thin overgrowths on zircon are interpreted to record melt crystallisation. This study provides insight into an overlooked mechanism by which eclogites partially melt during exhumation from UHP conditions, and permits a better understanding of the processes that assist deeply-subducted continental crust to return to shallower depths.
DS201212-0390
2012
Kylander-Clark, A.R.C.Kylander-Clark, A.R.C., Hacker, B.R., Mattinson, C.G.Size and exhumation rate of ultrahigh pressure terranes linked to orogenic stage.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 321-322, pp. 115-120.MantleUHP
DS201704-0633
2017
Kylander-Clark, A.R.C.Kooijman, E., Smit, M.A., Ratschbacher, L., Kylander-Clark, A.R.C.A view into crustal evolution at mantle depths.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 465, pp. 59-69.MantleGeothermometry

Abstract: Crustal foundering is an important mechanism in the differentiation and recycling of continental crust. Nevertheless, little is known about the dynamics of the lower crust, the temporal scale of foundering and its role in the dynamics of active margins and orogens. This particularly applies to active settings where the lower crust is typically still buried and direct access is not possible. Crustal xenoliths derived from mantle depth in the Pamir provide a unique exception to this. The rocks are well-preserved and comprise a diverse set of lithologies, many of which re-equilibrated at high-pressure conditions before being erupted in their ultrapotassic host lavas. In this study, we explore the petrological and chronological record of eclogite and felsic granulite xenoliths. We utilized accessory minerals - zircon, monazite and rutile - for coupled in-situ trace-element analysis and U-(Th-)Pb chronology by laser-ablation (split-stream) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Each integrated analysis was done on single mineral zones and was performed in-situ in thin section to maintain textural context and the ability to interpret the data in this framework. Rutile thermo-chronology exclusively reflects eruption (View the MathML source11.17±0.06Ma), which demonstrates the reliability of the U-Pb rutile thermo-chronometer and its ability to date magmatic processes. Conversely, zircon and monazite reveal a series of discrete age clusters between 55-11 Ma, with the youngest being identical to the age of eruption. Matching age populations between samples, despite a lack of overlapping ages for different chronometers within samples, exhibit the effectiveness of our multi-mineral approach. The REE systematics and age data for zircon and monazite, and Ti-in-zircon data together track the history of the rocks at a million-year resolution. The data reveal that the rocks resided at 30-40 km depth along a stable continental geotherm at 720-750?°C until 24-20 Ma, and were subsequently melted, densified, and buried to 80-90 km depth - 20 km deeper than the present-day Moho - at View the MathML source930±35°C. The material descended rapidly, accelerating from 0.9-1.7 mm?yr?1 to 4.7-5.8 mm?yr?1 within 10-12 Myr, and continued descending after reaching mantle depth at 14-13 Ma. The data reflect the foundering of differentiated deep-crustal fragments (2.9-3.5 g?cm?3) into a metasomatized and less dense mantle wedge. Through our new approach in constraining the burial history of rocks, we provided the first time-resolved record of this crustal-recycling process. Foundering introduced vestiges of old evolved crust into the mantle wedge over a relatively short period (c. 10 Myr). The recycling process could explain the variability in the degree of crustal contamination of mantle-derived magmatic rocks in the Pamir and neighboring Tibet during the Cenozoic without requiring a change in plate dynamics or source region.
DS201904-0763
2019
Kylander-Clark, A.R.C.Olierook, H.K.H., Agangi, A., Plavsa, D., Reddy, S.M., Yao, W., Clark, C., Occipinti, S.A., Kylander-Clark, A.R.C.Neoproterozoic hydrothermal activity in the west Australian craton related to Rodinia assembly or breakup?Gondwana Research, Vol 68, 1, pp. 1-12.Australiacraton

Abstract: The timing of final assembly and initiation of subsequent rifting of Rodinia is disputed. New rutile ages (913?±?9?Ma, 900?±?8?Ma and 873?±?3?Ma) and published zircon, monazite, titanite, biotite, muscovite and xenotime geochronology from the Capricorn Orogen (West Australian Craton) reveal a significant early Neoproterozoic event characterized by very low to low metamorphic grade, abundant metasomatism, minor leucogranitic and pegmatitic magmatism and NW-SE fault reactivation episodes between ca. 955 and 830?Ma. Collectively, these are termed the ca. 955-830?Ma Kuparr Tectonic Event. An age range of ca. 955-830?Ma is concomitant with the final stages of Rodinia assembly and the initial stages of its attempted breakup. Very low- to low-grade metamorphic and structural geological evidence favor a distal north-south compressional regime as the driver for hydrothermal activity during ca. 955-830?Ma. Nearby continental collision or accretion from the west (e.g., South China and/or Tarim) are ruled out. The cessation of metasomatism and magmatism in the West Australian Craton after ca. 830?Ma is concomitant with the emplacement of the Gairdner-Amata dyke swarm and associated magmatic activity in South China and Laurentia, the inception of the Adelaide Rift Complex and the deposition of the Centralian Superbasin. We posit that the cessation of hydrothermal activity in the Capricorn Orogen was caused by a tectonic switch from compressional to extensional at ca. 830?Ma. Magmatic and hydrothermal fluids were transferred away from the Capricorn Orogen to the incipient Adelaide Rift Complex, terminating metasomatism in the West Australian Craton. Ultimately, the Kuparr Tectonic Event marked the final stages of Rodinia assembly and its cessation marks the initial stages of its attempted breakup.
DS202011-2028
2020
Kylander-Clark, A.R.C.Apen, F.E., Rudnick, R.L., Cottle, J.M., Kylander-Clark, A.R.C., Blondes, M.S., Piccoli, P.M., Seward, G.Four dimensional thermal evolution of the East African Orogen: accessory phase petrochronology of crustal profiles through the Tanzanian Craton and Mozambique belt, northeastern Tanzania.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 175, 97, 30p. PdfAfrica, Tanzaniacraton

Abstract: U-Pb petrochronology of deep crustal xenoliths and outcrops across northeastern Tanzania track the thermal evolution of the Mozambique Belt and Tanzanian Craton following the Neoproterozoic East African Orogeny (EAO) and subsequent Neogene rifting. At the craton margin, the upper-middle crust record thermal quiescence since the Archean (2.8-2.5 Ga zircon, rutile, and apatite in granite and amphibolite xenoliths). The lower crust of the craton documents thermal pulses associated with Neoarchean ultra-high temperature metamorphism (ca. 2.64 Ga,?>?900 °C zircon), the EAO (600-500 Ma rutile), and fluid influx during rifting (?650 °C (above Pb closure of rutile and apatite) at the time of eruption. Zoned titanite records growth during cooling of the lower crust at 550 Ma, followed by fluid influx during slow cooling and exhumation (0.1-1 °C/Myr after 450 Ma). Permissible lower-crustal temperatures for the craton and orogen suggest variable mantle heat flow through the crust and reflect differences in mantle lithosphere thickness rather than advective heating from rifting.
DS201412-0495
2014
Kyle, J.R.Kyle, J.R., Ketcham, R.A.Application of high resolution X-ray computed tomography to mineral deposit origin, evaluation and processing.Ore Geology Reviews, Vol. 65, pp. 821-839.TechnologyNot specific to diamonds
DS1988-0235
1988
Kyle, P.R.Gamble, J.A., McGibbon, F., Kyle, P.R., Menzies, M.A., Kirsch, I.Metasomatised xenoliths from Foster Crater Antarctica:implications for lithospheric structure and processes beneath the Transantarctic Mountain FrontJournal of Petrology, Special Volume 1988- Oceanic and Continental, pp. 109-138AntarcticaFoster Crater
DS1997-0743
1997
Kyle, P.R.Mattie, P.D., Condie, K.C., Selverstone, J., Kyle, P.R.Origin of the continental crust in the Colorado Plateau: geochemical evidence from mafic xenoliths....Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 61, No. 10, May pp. 2007-22.Colorado PlateauXenoliths, Navajo Volcanic Field
DS1997-1116
1997
Kyle, P.R.Storey, B.C., Kyle, P.R.An active mantle mechanism for Gondwana breakupSouth African Journal of Geology, Vol. 100, 4, Dec. pp. 283-290GlobalPlate tectonics, Mantle plumes, megaplume
DS1997-1117
1997
Kyle, P.R.Storey, B.C., Kyle, P.R.An active mantle mechanism for Gondwana breakupSouth African Journal of Geology, Vol. 100, 4, Dec. pp. 283-290.GlobalPlate tectonics, Mantle plumes, megaplume
DS2003-0407
2003
Kyle, P.R.Ferris, J.K., Storey, B.C., Vaughan, A.P.M., Kyle, P.R., Jones, P. C.The Dufek and Forrestal intrusions, Antarctica: a centre for Ferrar large igneousGeophysical Research Letters, Vol. 30, 6, p. 81 DOI 10.1029/2002GLO16719AntarcticaBlank
DS200412-0551
2003
Kyle, P.R.Ferris, J.K., Storey, B.C., Vaughan, A.P.M., Kyle, P.R., Jones, P.C.The Dufek and Forrestal intrusions, Antarctica: a centre for Ferrar large igneous province dike emplacement?Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 30, 6, p. 81 DOI 10.1029/2002 GLO16719AntarcticaIgneous layered intrusions
DS1900-0028
1900
Kynaston, H.Kynaston, H.Geology of the Transvaal and the Orange River Colony and The Diamond Pipes.In: Science In South Africa, Editors Flint, W.f.; Gilchrist, PP. 299-300.South AfricaGeology
DS1900-0262
1904
Kynaston, H.Kynaston, H., Hall, A.L.Diamondiferous DepositsTransvaal Geological Survey Annual Report For 1903, PP. 43-47.South Africa, TransvaalDiamond Occurrences, Mineral Resources
DS1900-0337
1905
Kynaston, H.Kynaston, H., Hall, A.L.The Geological Features of the Diamond Mines of the Pretoria District.South African Association Advanced Science, Vol. 1, PP. 182-196.South Africa, TransvaalPremier Mine, Kimberlite Mines And Deposits
DS1900-0577
1907
Kynaston, H.Kynaston, H.The Geology of the Country Surrounding PretoriaPretoria: Transv. Mines Department Geological Survey, 38P.South Africa, TransvaalRegional Geology, Kimberley
DS200412-1076
2004
Kynge, J.Kynge, J.The rise of Chin a and India - the impending dislocation to the world economy.Optima, Vol. 50, 1, March pp. 2-15.China, IndiaEconomics - not specific to diamonds
DS201112-0186
2011
KynickyChilarova, H., Kynicky , Cheng, X., Song, W., Chalmouradian, A., Reguir, K.The largest deposit of strategic REE Bayan Obo, geological situation and environmental hazards.Goldschmidt Conference 2011, abstract p.677.ChinaCarbonatite, bastnaesite
DS201012-0421
2010
Kynicky, J.Kynicky, J., Chakhmouradian, A.R., Cheng, Xu, Krmicek, L., Krmickova, M., Davis, B.Evolution of rare earth mineralization in carbonatites of the Lugiin Gol complex southern Mongolia.International Mineralogical Association meeting August Budapest, abstract p. 573.Asia, MongoliaCarbonatite
DS201012-0618
2010
Kynicky, J.Reguir, E., Chakhmouradian, A., Xu, C., Kynicky, J.An overview of geology, mineralogy and genesis of the giant REE-Fe-Nb deposit Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China.International Workshop Geology of Rare Metals, held Nov9-10, Victoria BC, Open file 2010-10, extended abstract pp. 15-18.China, MongoliaCarbonatite
DS201012-0866
2010
Kynicky, J.Xu, C., Kynicky, J., ChakmourTrace element modeling of the magmatic evolution of rare earth rich carbonatite from the Miaoya deposit, central China.Lithos, in press available not formatted 32p.ChinaCarbonatite
DS201012-0867
2010
Kynicky, J.Xu, C., Kynicky, J., Chamouradian, A.R., Qi, L., Wenlei, SongA unique Mo deposit associated with carbonatites in the Qinling orogenic belt, central China.Lithos, In press unformatted 46p. availableChinaCarbonatite
DS201112-0565
2011
Kynicky, J.Kynicky, J., Cheng, Xu., Chakhmouradian, A.R., Reguir, E., Cihlarova, H., Brtnicky, M.REE mineralization of high grade REE-Ba-Sr and REE-Mo deposits in Mongolia and China.Goldschmidt Conference 2011, abstract p.1260.China, MongoliaCarbonatite
DS201112-0852
2011
Kynicky, J.Reguir, E.P., Xu, C., Kynicky, J., Coueslan, C.G.Amphibole in carbonatites: an equivocal petrogenetic indicator.Peralk-Carb 2011... workshop June 16-18, Tubingen, Germany, Abstract p.126-128.MantleCarbonatite
DS201112-0853
2011
Kynicky, J.Reguir, E.P., Xu, C., Kynicky, J., Coueslan, C.G.Amphibole in carbonatites: an equivocal petrogenetic indicator.Peralk-Carb 2011... workshop June 16-18, Tubingen, Germany, Abstract p.126-128.MantleCarbonatite
DS201112-1127
2011
Kynicky, J.Xu, C., Kynicky, J., Chakhmouradian, A.R.REE deposits in China.Goldschmidt Conference 2011, abstract p.2196.ChinaCarbonatite
DS201112-1128
2011
Kynicky, J.Xu, C., Taylor, R.N., Kynicky, J., Chakhmouradiam, A.R., Song, W., Wang, L.The origin of enriched mantle beneath North Chin a block: evidence from young carbonatites.Lithos, Vol. 127, 1-2, pp. 1-9.ChinaCarbonatite
DS201212-0391
2012
Kynicky, J.Kynicky, J., Smith, M.P., Xu, C.Diversity of rare earth deposits: the key example of China.Elements, Vol. 8, 5, Oct. pp. 361-367.ChinaDeposit - Bayan Obo, carbonatite
DS201412-0113
2014
Kynicky, J.Chakhmouradian, A.R., Smith, M.P., Kynicky, J.From strategic tungsten to green neodymium: a century of critical metals at a glance.Ore Geology Reviews, Vol. 64, pp. 455-458.GlobalREE and carbonatites
DS201412-0853
2014
Kynicky, J.Smith, M.P., Campbell, L.S., Kynicky, J.A review of the genesis of the world class Bayan Obo Fe-REE-Nb deposits, Inner Mongolia, China: multistage processes and outstanding questions.Ore Geology Reviews, Vol. 64, pp. 459-476.ChinaCarbonatite
DS201412-0995
2014
Kynicky, J.Xu, C., Chakhmouradian, A.R., Taylor, R.N., Kynicky, J., Li, W., Song, W., Fletcher, I.R.Origin of carbonatites in the South Qinling orogen: implications for crustal recycling and timing of collision between south and north Chin a blocks.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 143, pp. 189-206.ChinaCarbonatite
DS201602-0242
2016
Kynicky, J.Song, WL., Xu, C., Veksler, H.V., Kynicky, J.Experimental study of REE, Ba, Sr, Mo and W partitioning between carbonatitic melt and aqueous fluid with implications for rare metal mineralization.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 171, 12p.MantleCarbonatite

Abstract: Carbonatites host some unique ore deposits, especially rare earth elements (REE). Hydrothermal fluids have been proposed to play a significant role in the concentration and transport of REE and other rare metals in carbonatites, but experimental constraints on fluid-melt equilibria in carbonatitic systems are sparse. Here we present an experimental study of trace element (REE, Ba, Sr, Mo and W) partitioning between hydrous fluids and carbonatitic melts, bearing on potential hydrothermal activity associated with carbonatite ore-forming systems. The experiments were performed on mixtures of synthetic carbonate melts and aqueous fluids at 700-800 °C and 100-200 MPa using rapid-quench cold-seal pressure vessels and double-capsule assemblages with diamond traps for analyzing fluid precipitates in the outer capsule. Starting mixtures were composed of Ca, Mg and Na carbonates spiked with trace elements. Small amounts of F or Cl were added to some of the mixtures to study the effects of halogens on the element distribution. The results show that REE, Ba, Sr, Mo and W all preferentially partition into carbonatite melt and have fluid-melt distribution coefficients (D f/m) below unity. The REE partitioning is slightly dependent on the major element (Ca, Mg and Na) composition of the starting mixtures, and it is influenced by temperature, pressure, and the presence of halogens. The fluid-melt D values of individual REE vary from 0.02 to 0.15 with Df/mLu being larger than Df/mLa by a factor of 1.1-2. The halogens F and Cl have strong and opposite effects on the REE partitioning. Fluid-melt D REE are about three times higher in F-bearing compositions and ten times lower in Cl-bearing compositions than in halogen-free systems. Df/mW and Df/mMo are the highest among the studied elements and vary between 0.6 and 0.7; Df/mBa is between 0.05 and 0.09, whereas Df/mSr is at about 0.01-0.02. The results imply that carbonatite-related REE deposits were probably formed by fractional crystallization of carbonatitic melts rather than from exsolved hydrothermal fluids. The same appears to be true for a carbonatite-related Mo deposit recently discovered in China.
DS201702-0201
2017
Kynicky, J.Chakhmouradian, A.R., Rehuir, E.P., Zaitsev, A.N., Coueslan, C., Xu, C., Kynicky, J., Hamid Mumin, A., Yang, P.Apatite in carbonatitic rocks: compositional variation, zoning, element partitioning and petrogeneitic significance.Lithos, in press available, 138p.TechnologyCarbonatite

Abstract: The Late Cretaceous (ca. 100 Ma) diamondiferous Fort à la Corne (FALC) kimberlite field in the Saskatchewan (Sask) craton, Canada, is one of the largest known kimberlite fields on Earth comprising essentially pyroclastic kimberlites. Despite its discovery more than two decades ago, petrological, geochemical and petrogenetic aspects of the kimberlites in this field are largely unknown. We present here the first detailed petrological and geochemical data combined with reconnaissance Nd isotope data on drill-hole samples of five major kimberlite bodies. Petrography of the studied samples reveals that they are loosely packed, clast-supported and variably sorted, and characterised by the presence of juvenile lapilli, crystals of olivine, xenocrystal garnet (peridotitic as well as eclogitic paragenesis) and Mg-ilmenite. Interclast material is made of serpentine, phlogopite, spinel, carbonate, perovskite and rutile. The mineral compositions, whole-rock geochemistry and Nd isotopic composition (Nd: + 0.62 to ? 0.37) are indistinguishable from those known from archetypal hypabyssal kimberlites. Appreciably lower bulk-rock CaO (mostly < 5 wt%) and higher La/Sm ratios (12-15; resembling those of orangeites) are a characteristic feature of these rocks. Their geochemical composition excludes any effects of significant crustal and mantle contamination/assimilation. The fractionation trends displayed suggest a primary kimberlite melt composition indistinguishable from global estimates of primary kimberlite melt, and highlight the dominance of a kimberlite magma component in the pyroclastic variants. The lack of Nb-Ta-Ti anomalies precludes any significant role of subduction-related melts/fluids in the metasomatism of the FALC kimberlite mantle source region. Their incompatible trace elements (e.g., Nb/U) have OIB-type affinities whereas the Nd isotope composition indicates a near-chondritic to slightly depleted Nd isotope composition. The Neoproterozoic (~ 0.6-0.7 Ga) depleted mantle (TDM) Nd model ages coincide with the emplacement age (ca. 673 Ma) of the Amon kimberlite sills (Baffin Island, Rae craton, Canada) and have been related to upwelling protokimberlite melts during the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent and its separation from Laurentia (North American cratonic shield). REE inversion modelling for the FALC kimberlites as well as for the Jericho (ca. 173 Ma) and Snap Lake (ca. 537 Ma) kimberlites from the neighbouring Slave craton, Canada, indicate all of their source regions to have been extensively depleted (~ 24%) before being subjected to metasomatic enrichment (1.3-2.2%) and subsequent small-degree partial melting. These findings are similar to those previously obtained on Mesozoic kimberlites (Kaapvaal craton, southern Africa) and Mesoproterozoic kimberlites (Dharwar craton, southern India). The striking similarity in the genesis of kimberlites emplaced over broad geological time and across different supercontinents of Laurentia, Gondwanaland and Rodinia, highlights the dominant petrogenetic role of the sub-continental lithosphere. The emplacement of the FALC kimberlites can be explained both by the extensive subduction system in western North America that was established at ca. 150 Ma as well as by far-field effects of the opening of the North Atlantic ocean during the Late Cretaceous.
DS201705-0878
2017
Kynicky, J.Song, WL, Xu, C., Chakhmouradian, A.R., Kynicky, J., Huang, K., Zhang, ZL.Carbonatites of Tarim ( NW China): first evidence of crustal contribution in carbonatites from a large igneous province.Lithos, Vol. 282-283, pp. 1-9.ChinaCarbonatite, subduction

Abstract: Many carbonatites are associated both spatially and temporally with large igneous provinces (LIPs), and considered to originate from a mantle plume source lacking any contribution from recycled crustal materials. Here, we report an occurrence of carbonatite enriched in rare-earth elements (REE) and associated with the Tarim LIP in northwestern China. The Tarim LIP comprises intrusive and volcanic products of mantle plume activity spanning from ~ 300 to 280 Ma. The carbonatites at Wajilitage in the northwestern part of Tarim are dominated by calcite and dolomite varieties, and contain abundant REE minerals (principally, monazite and REE-fluorcarbonates). Th-Pb age determination of monazite yielded an emplacement age of 266 ± 5.3 Ma, i.e. appreciably younger than the eruption age of flood basalts at ~ 290 Ma. The carbonatites show low initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.7037-0.7041) and high ?Nd(t) (1.2-4) values, which depart from the isotopic characteristics of plume-derived basalts and high-Mg picrites from the same area. This indicates that the Wajilitage carbonatites derived from a mantle source isotopically distinct from the one responsible for the voluminous (ultra)mafic volcanism at Tarim. The carbonatites show ?26MgDSM3 values (? 0.99 to ? 0.65‰) that are significantly lower than those in typical mantle-derived rocks and rift carbonatites, but close to marine sediments and orogenic carbonatites. We propose that the carbonatites in the Tarim LIP formed by decompressional melting of recycled sediments mixed with the ambient mantle peridotite. The enriched components in the Tarim plume could be accounted for by the presence of recycled sedimentary components in the subcontinental mantle.
DS201705-0890
2017
Kynicky, J.Xu, C., Kynicky, J., Tao, R., Liu, X., Zhang, L., Pohanka, M., Song, W., Fei, Y.Recovery of an oxidized majorite inclusion from Earth's deep asthenosphere.Science Advances, Vol. 3, 4, e1601589MantleEclogite

Abstract: Minerals recovered from the deep mantle provide a rare glimpse into deep Earth processes. We report the first discovery of ferric iron-rich majoritic garnet found as inclusions in a host garnet within an eclogite xenolith originating in the deep mantle. The composition of the host garnet indicates an ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic origin, probably at a depth of ~200 km. More importantly, the ferric iron-rich majoritic garnet inclusions show a much deeper origin, at least at a depth of 380 km. The majoritic nature of the inclusions is confirmed by mineral chemistry, x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy, and their depth of origin is constrained by a new experimental calibration. The unique relationship between the majoritic inclusions and their host garnet has important implications for mantle dynamics within the deep asthenosphere. The high ferric iron content of the inclusions provides insights into the oxidation state of the deep upper mantle.
DS201707-1370
2017
Kynicky, J.Song, W., Xu, C., Chakhmouradian, A.R., Kynicky, J., Huang, K., Zhang, Z.Carbonatites of Tarim ( NW China): first evidence of crustal contribution in carbonatites from large igneous province.Lithos, Vol. 282-283, pp. 1-9.China, Mongoliacarbonatite - Tarim

Abstract: Many carbonatites are associated both spatially and temporally with large igneous provinces (LIPs), and considered to originate from a mantle plume source lacking any contribution from recycled crustal materials. Here, we report an occurrence of carbonatite enriched in rare-earth elements (REE) and associated with the Tarim LIP in northwestern China. The Tarim LIP comprises intrusive and volcanic products of mantle plume activity spanning from ~ 300 to 280 Ma. The carbonatites at Wajilitage in the northwestern part of Tarim are dominated by calcite and dolomite varieties, and contain abundant REE minerals (principally, monazite and REE-fluorcarbonates). Th–Pb age determination of monazite yielded an emplacement age of 266 ± 5.3 Ma, i.e. appreciably younger than the eruption age of flood basalts at ~ 290 Ma. The carbonatites show low initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.7037–0.7041) and high ?Nd(t) (1.2–4) values, which depart from the isotopic characteristics of plume-derived basalts and high-Mg picrites from the same area. This indicates that the Wajilitage carbonatites derived from a mantle source isotopically distinct from the one responsible for the voluminous (ultra)mafic volcanism at Tarim. The carbonatites show ?26MgDSM3 values (? 0.99 to ? 0.65‰) that are significantly lower than those in typical mantle-derived rocks and rift carbonatites, but close to marine sediments and orogenic carbonatites. We propose that the carbonatites in the Tarim LIP formed by decompressional melting of recycled sediments mixed with the ambient mantle peridotite. The enriched components in the Tarim plume could be accounted for by the presence of recycled sedimentary components in the subcontinental mantle.
DS201805-0977
2018
Kynicky, J.Smith, M., Kynicky, J., Xu, C., Song, W., Spratt, J., Jeffries, T., Brtnicky, M., Kopriva, A., Cangelosi, D.The origin of secondary heavy rare earth element enrichment in carbonatites: constraints from the evolution of the Huanglongpu district, China.Lithos, Vol. 308-309, pp. 65-82.Chinacarbonatite

Abstract: The silico?carbonatite dykes of the Huanglongpu area, Lesser Qinling, China, are unusual in that they are quartz-bearing, Mo-mineralised and enriched in the heavy rare earth elements (HREE) relative to typical carbonatites. The textures of REE minerals indicate crystallisation of monazite-(Ce), bastnäsite-(Ce), parisite-(Ce) and aeschynite-(Ce) as magmatic phases. Burbankite was also potentially an early crystallising phase. Monazite-(Ce) was subsequently altered to produce a second generation of apatite, which was in turn replaced and overgrown by britholite-(Ce), accompanied by the formation of allanite-(Ce). Bastnäsite and parisite where replaced by synchysite-(Ce) and röntgenite-(Ce). Aeschynite-(Ce) was altered to uranopyrochlore and then pyrochlore with uraninite inclusions. The mineralogical evolution reflects the evolution from magmatic carbonatite, to more silica-rich conditions during early hydrothermal processes, to fully hydrothermal conditions accompanied by the formation of sulphate minerals. Each alteration stage resulted in the preferential leaching of the LREE and enrichment in the HREE. Mass balance considerations indicate hydrothermal fluids must have contributed HREE to the mineralisation. The evolution of the fluorcarbonate mineral assemblage requires an increase in aCa2+ and aCO32? in the metasomatic fluid (where a is activity), and breakdown of HREE-enriched calcite may have been the HREE source. Leaching in the presence of strong, LREE-selective ligands (Cl?) may account for the depletion in late stage minerals in the LREE, but cannot account for subsequent preferential HREE addition. Fluid inclusion data indicate the presence of sulphate-rich brines during alteration, and hence sulphate complexation may have been important for preferential HREE transport. Alongside HREE-enriched magmatic sources, and enrichment during magmatic processes, late stage alteration with non-LREE-selective ligands may be critical in forming HREE-enriched carbonatites.
DS201805-0979
2018
Kynicky, J.Song, W., Xi, C., Smith, M.P., Chakhmouradian, A.R., Brenna, M., Kynicky, J., Chen, W., Yang, Y., Tang, H.Genesis of the world's largest rare earth element deposit, Bayan Obo, China: protracted mineralization evolution over ~ 1.b.y.Geology, Vol. 48, 4, pp. 323-326.Chinadeposit - Bayan Obo

Abstract: The unique, giant, rare earth element (REE) deposit at Bayan Obo, northern China, is the world’s largest REE deposit. It is geologically complex, and its genesis is still debated. Here, we report in situ Th-Pb dating and Nd isotope ratios for monazite and Sr isotope ratios for dolomite and apatite from fresh drill cores. The measured monazite ages (361-913 Ma) and previously reported whole-rock Sm-Nd data show a linear relationship with the initial Nd isotope ratio, suggesting a single-stage evolution from a Sm-Nd source that was formed before 913 Ma. All monazites show consistent ?Nd(1.3Ga) values (0.3 ± 0.6) close to those of the adjacent 1.3 Ga carbonatite and mafic dikes. The primary dolomite and apatite show lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7024-0.7030) than the recrystallized dolomite (0.7038-0.7097). The REE ores at Bayan Obo are interpreted to have originally formed as products of ca. 1.3 Ga carbonatitic magmatism and to have undergone subsequent thermal perturbations induced by Sr-rich, but REE-poor, metamorphic fluids derived from nearby sedimentary rocks.
DS201810-2348
2018
Kynicky, J.Liu, Y., Chakhmouradian, A.R., Hou, Z., Song, W., Kynicky, J.Development of REE mineralization in the giant Maoniuping deposit ( Sichuan, China): insights from mineralogy, fluid inclusions, and trace element geochemistry.Mineralium Deposita, doi.org/10.1007/s00126-018-0836-y 18p.Chinacarbonatite

Abstract: Rare-earth deposits associated with intrusive carbonatite complexes are the world’s most important source of these elements (REE). One of the largest deposits of this type is Maoniuping in the Mianning-Dechang metallogenic belt of eastern Tibet (Sichuan, China). In the currently mined central part of the deposit (Dagudao section), REE mineralization is hosted by a structurally and mineralogically complex Late Oligocene (26.4 ±?1.2 Ma, 40Ar/39Ar age of fluorphlogopite associated with bastnäsite) hydrothermal vein system developed in a coeval syenite intrusion. Low-grade stockworks of multiple veinlets and breccias in the lower part of the orebody grade upwards into progressively thicker veins (up to 12 m in width) that are typically zoned and comprise ferromagnesian micas (biotite to fluorphlogopite), sodium clinopyroxenes (aegirine to aegirine-augite), sodium amphiboles (magnesio-arfvedsonite to fluororichterite), K-feldspar, fluorite, barite, calcite, and bastnäsite. The latter four minerals are most common in the uppermost 80 m of the Dagudao section and represent the climax of hydrothermal activity. Systematic variations in the fluid inclusion data indicate a continuous hydrothermal evolution from about 230-400 °C (fluid inclusions in feldspar, clinopyroxene, and amphibole) to 140-240 °C (fluid inclusions in bastnäsite, fluorite, calcite). Hydrothermal REE transport was probably controlled by F?, (SO4)2?, Cl?, and (CO3)2? as complexing ligands. We propose that at Dagudao, silicate magmas produced orthomagmatic fluids that explored and expanded a fissure system generated by strike-slip faulting. Initially, the fluids had appreciable capacity to transport REE and, consequently, no major mineralization developed. The earliest minerals to precipitate were alkali- and Fe-rich silicates containing low levels of F, which caused progressive enrichment of the fluid in Ca, Mg, F, Cl, REE, (SO4)2?, and (CO3)2?, leading to the crystallization of aegirine-augite, fluororichterite, fluorphlogopite, fluorite, barite, calcite, and bastnäsite gradually. Barite, fluorite, calcite, and bastnäsite are the most common minerals in typical ores, and bastnäsite generally postdates these gangue minerals. Thus, it is very probable that fluid cooling and formation of large amount of fluorite, barite, and calcite triggered bastnäsite precipitation in the waning stage of hydrothermal activity.
DS201906-1308
2019
Kynicky, J.Kynicky, J., Smith, M.P., Song, W., Fryzova, R., Brtnicky, M.The role of carbonate-flouride melt immiscibility in shallow REE deposits evolution: new evidence from Mongolia.3rd International Critical Metals Meeting held Edinburgh, 1p. abstract p. 52.Asia, MongoliaREE
DS201906-1351
2019
Kynicky, J.Smith, M.P., Estrade, G., Marquis, E., Goodenough, K., Nason, P., Xu, C., Kynicky, J., Borst, A.M., Finch, A.A., Villanova de Benevent, C.Ion adsorption deposits: a comparison of deposits in Madagascar and China.3rd International Critical Metals Meeting held Edinburgh, 1p.abstract p. 53.Africa, Madagascar, ChinaREE

Abstract: Link to presentation pdf.
DS201906-1363
2019
Kynicky, J.Wei, C.W., Xu, C., Chakhmouradian, A.R., Brenna, M., Kynicky, J., Song, W.L.Petrogenesi of dolomite and calcite carbonatites in orogenic belts.GAC/MAC annual Meeting, 1p. Abstract p. 194.Chinadeposit - Caotan

Abstract: Subduction zones are an important way for crustal materials to enter deep parts of the Earth. Therefore, carbonatites in orogenic belt are of great significance in revealing deep carbon cycling pathways. To date, mantle-derived carbonatites have been identified in many orogenic belts, and their origin is considered to be related to subducted sediments. However, almost all orogenic carbonatites are composed of calcite, and their C isotopic compositions show typical mantle values, lacking any evidence of sedimentary origin. Here, we report decoupling of C and Sr isotopes between intimately associated dolomite and forsterite-calcite carbonatites from Caotan in the Qinling orogen, central China. The dolomite carbonatite is mainly composed of dolomite (plus minor apatite and magnetite), which has elevated ?13CPDB values (-3.1 to -3.6 ‰) and low 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7026-0.7042). The forsterite-calcite carbonatite consists of calcite (60-65 vol. %), forsterite and its replacement products (30-35 vol. %), and magnetite. The calcite shows mantle-like ?13CPDB (-6.2 to -7.2 ‰) but high initial 87Sr/86Sr values (0.7053-0.7076). Neodymium and Pb isotopic compositions are comparable in the two carbonatite types. The forsterite-calcite carbonatite is interpreted to have formed by metasomatic interaction of primary dolomitic melts with eclogite in thickened lower crust during collision of the North and South China cratons. The reaction resulted in decarbonation and depletion of the carbonatitic magma in 13C. Because of its initially low REE and Pb contents, the Nd-Pb isotopic signature of the primary dolomitic melt was preserved in the forsterite-calcite carbonatite. We propose that some orogenic calcite carbonatites may not be primary mantle-derived rocks and their mantle-like ?13CPDB values may be misleading.
DS201910-2276
2019
Kynicky, J.Krmicek, L., Ackerman, L., Hruby, J., Kynicky, J.The highly siderophile elements and Re Os isotope geochemistry of Variscan lamproites from the Bohemian Massif: implications for regionally dependent metasomatism of orogenic mantle.Chemical Geology, doi: 10.1016/ j.chemgeo .2019.119290 46p. PdfEurope, Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Austrialamproites

Abstract: Orogenic lamproites represent a group of peralkaline, ultrapotassic and perpotassic mantle-derived igneous rocks that hold the potential to sample components with extreme compositions from highly heterogeneous orogenic mantle. In our pilot study, we present highly siderophile element (HSE) and ReOs isotope systematics of Variscan orogenic lamproites sampled in the territories of the Czech Republic, Austria and Poland, i.e., from the termination of the Moldanubian and Saxo-Thuringian zones of the Bohemian Massif. Orogenic lamproites of the Bohemian Massif are distinguished by variably high contents of SiO2, high Mg# and predominant mineral associations of K-rich amphibole and Fe-rich microcline. The HSE show (i) consistently very low contents in all investigated orogenic lamproites compared to the estimated concentrations in majority of mid-ocean ridge basalts, hotspot-related volcanic rocks (e.g., ocean island basalts, continental flood basalts, komatiites, some intraplate alkaline volcanic rocks such as kimberlites and anorogenic lamproites) and arc lavas, and (ii) marked differences in relative and absolute HSE abundances between the samples from the Moldanubian and Saxo-Thuringian Zone. Such a regional dependence in HSE from mantle-derived melts is exceptional. Orogenic lamproites have highly variable and high initial suprachondritic 187Os/188Os values (up to 0.631) compared with rather chondritic to subchondritic Os isotope values of the young lithospheric mantle below the Bohemian Massif. The highly radiogenic Os isotope component in orogenic lamproites may be derived from preferential melting of metasomatised vein assemblages sitting in depleted peridotite mantle. This process appears to be valid generally in the petrogenesis of orogenic lamproites both from the Bohemian Massif and from the Mediterranean area. As a specific feature of the orogenic lamproites from the Bohemian Massif, originally ultra-depleted mantle component correlative with remnants of the Rheic Ocean lithosphere in the Moldanubian Zone was metasomatised by a mixture of evolved and juvenile material, whereas the lithospheric mantle in the Saxo-Thuringian Zone was enriched through the subduction of evolved crustal material with highly radiogenic Sr isotope signature. As a result, this led to observed unique regionally dependent coupled HSE, RbSr and ReOs isotope systematics.
DS202003-0337
2020
Kynicky, J.Feng, M., Song, W., Kynicky, J., Smith, M., Cox, C., Kotlanova, M., Brtnicky, M., Fu, W., Wei, C.Primary rare earth element enrichment in carbonatites: evidence from melt inclusions in Ulgii Khild carbonatite, Mongolia.Ore Geology Reviews, Vol. 117, 14p. PdfAsia, Mongoliadeposit - Ulgii Khild
DS202003-0346
2020
Kynicky, J.Krmicek, L., Ackerman, L., Hruby, J., Kynicky, J.The highly siderophile elements and Re-Os isotope geochemistry of Variscan lamproites from the Bohemian Massif: implications for regionally dependent metasomatism of orogenic mantle.Chemical Geology, Vol. 532, 11p. Available pdfEurope, Czech republic, Austria, Polandlamproites

Abstract: Orogenic lamproites represent a group of peralkaline, ultrapotassic and perpotassic mantle-derived igneous rocks that hold the potential to sample components with extreme compositions from highly heterogeneous orogenic mantle. In our pilot study, we present highly siderophile element (HSE) and ReOs isotope systematics of Variscan orogenic lamproites sampled in the territories of the Czech Republic, Austria and Poland, i.e., from the termination of the Moldanubian and Saxo-Thuringian zones of the Bohemian Massif. Orogenic lamproites of the Bohemian Massif are distinguished by variably high contents of SiO2, high Mg# and predominant mineral associations of K-rich amphibole and Fe-rich microcline. The HSE show (i) consistently very low contents in all investigated orogenic lamproites compared to the estimated concentrations in majority of mid-ocean ridge basalts, hotspot-related volcanic rocks (e.g., ocean island basalts, continental flood basalts, komatiites, some intraplate alkaline volcanic rocks such as kimberlites and anorogenic lamproites) and arc lavas, and (ii) marked differences in relative and absolute HSE abundances between the samples from the Moldanubian and Saxo-Thuringian Zone. Such a regional dependence in HSE from mantle-derived melts is exceptional. Orogenic lamproites have highly variable and high initial suprachondritic 187Os/188Os values (up to 0.631) compared with rather chondritic to subchondritic Os isotope values of the young lithospheric mantle below the Bohemian Massif. The highly radiogenic Os isotope component in orogenic lamproites may be derived from preferential melting of metasomatised vein assemblages sitting in depleted peridotite mantle. This process appears to be valid generally in the petrogenesis of orogenic lamproites both from the Bohemian Massif and from the Mediterranean area. As a specific feature of the orogenic lamproites from the Bohemian Massif, originally ultra-depleted mantle component correlative with remnants of the Rheic Ocean lithosphere in the Moldanubian Zone was metasomatised by a mixture of evolved and juvenile material, whereas the lithospheric mantle in the Saxo-Thuringian Zone was enriched through the subduction of evolved crustal material with highly radiogenic Sr isotope signature. As a result, this led to observed unique regionally dependent coupled HSE, RbSr and ReOs isotope systematics.
DS202106-0972
2021
Kynicky, J.Sun, J., Zhu, X-K., Belshaw, N.S., Chen, W., Doroshkevich, A.G., Luo, W.J., Song, W.L., Chen, B.B., Cheng, Z.G., Li, Z.H., Wang, Y., Kynicky, J., Henderson, G.M.Ca isotope systematics of carbonatites: insights into carbonatite source and evolution.Geochemical Perspectives Letters, Vol. 17, pp. 11-15. pdfMantlecarbonatites

Abstract: Carbonatite, an unusual carbonate-rich igneous rock, is known to be sourced from the mantle which provides insights into mantle-to-crust carbon transfer. To constrain further the Ca isotopic composition of carbonatites, investigate the behaviour of Ca isotopes during their evolution, and constrain whether recycled carbonates are involved in their source regions, we report ?44/42Ca for 47 worldwide carbonatite and associated silicate rocks using a refined analytical protocol. Our results show that primary carbonatite and associated silicate rocks are rather homogeneous in Ca isotope compositions that are comparable to ?44/42Ca values of basalts, while non-primary carbonatites show detectable ?44/42Ca variations that are correlated to ?13C values. Our finding suggests that Ca isotopes fractionate during late stages of carbonatite evolution, making it a useful tool in the study of carbonatite evolution. The finding also implies that carbonatite is sourced from a mantle source without requiring the involvement of recycled carbonates.
DS200612-0756
2006
Kynn, C.E.Kynn, C.E., Cook, F.A., Hall, K.W.Tectonic significance of potential field anomalies in western Canada: results from the Lithoprobe SNORCLE transect.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 42, 6, pp. 1239-1255.Canada, Northwest TerritoriesGeophysics - seismics
DS201802-0256
2017
Kyrmsky, R.Sh.Nikitina, L.P., Bogomolov, E.S., Kyrmsky, R.Sh., Belyatsky, B.V., Korolev, N.M., Zinchenko, V.N.Nd Sr Os systems of eclogites in the lithospheric mantle of the Kasai Craton ( Angola).Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 58, pp. 1305-1316.Africa, Angolaeclogites

Abstract: We studied the Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr, and Re-Os isotope compositions of mantle xenoliths (eclogites and peridotites) from diamondiferous kimberlites of the Catoca cluster of the Kasai Craton. In the eclogites, the primary strontium isotope composition 87Sr/86Sr varies from 0.7056 to 0.7071, and the neodymium isotope composition eNd, from 1.8 to 2.6. The 187Re/188Os and 187Os/188Os ratios range from 135 to 80 and from 1.3110 to 1.9709, respectively, which indicates a significant portion of radiogenic Os: yOs = 129-147. These isotope values exceed the values assumed for model reservoirs (primitive upper mantle (PUM) and bulk silicate Earth (BSE)) and those of chondrites. The isotope composition of the studied systems indicates the formation of eclogites from a rhenium-enriched source, namely, the subducted oceanic crust transformed as a result of metasomatism and/or melting under upper-mantle conditions.
DS2001-0622
2001
KyserKontak, D.J., Jensen, S.M., Dostal, Archibald, KyserCretaceous mafic dike swarm, Peary Land, northern most Greenland: geochronology and petrology.Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 39, No. 4, Aug. pp. 997-1020.GreenlandLamprophyres, Mantle plume
DS2001-0283
2001
Kyser, K.Durocher, K.E., Kyser, K., Delaney, G.D.Thermotectonic studies in the Paleoproterozoic Glennie Domain, Trans Hudson orogen.Precambrian Research, Vol. 109, No. 3-4. July, pp. 175-202.Manitoba, AlbertaTrans Hudson Orogeny, Tectonics, geothermometry
DS2003-0498
2003
Kyser, K.Greenough, J.D., Kyser, K.Contrasting Archean and Proterozoic lithospheric mantle: isotopic evidence from theContributins to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 145, 2, May pp. 169-181.MontanaGeochronology - WYMAP alkaline province
DS2003-1105
2003
Kyser, K.Pretorius, W., Helmstaedt, H.H., Kyser, K.Platinum group element geochemistry of kimberlitic rocks - a window into the nature of8 Ikc Www.venuewest.com/8ikc/program.htm, Session 7, POSTER abstractUnited States, Canada, Greenland, Somerset Island, ChinaBlank
DS2003-1109
2003
Kyser, K.Pretorius, W., Chipley, D., Kyser, K., Helmstaedt, H.Direct determination of trace levels of Os Ir Ru Pt and Re in kimberlite and otherJournal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Vol. 18, 4, pp. 302-9.GlobalSpectrometry - trace elements
DS200412-1584
2003
Kyser, K.Pretorius, W.,Helmstaedt, H.H., Kyser, K.Platinum group element geochemistry of kimberlitic rocks - a window into the nature of the Diamondiferous mantle.8 IKC Program, Session 7, POSTER abstractUnited States, Canada, Nunavut, Somerset IslandKimberlite petrogenesis
DS200412-1587
2003
Kyser, K.Pretorius, W., Chipley, D., Kyser, K., Helmstaedt, H.Direct determination of trace levels of Os Ir Ru Pt and Re in kimberlite and other geological materials using HR ICP Ms.Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Vol. 18, 4, pp. 302-9.TechnologySpectrometry - trace elements
DS201510-1781
2015
Kyser, K.Kyser, K., Barr, J., Ihlenfeld, C.Applied geochemistry in mineral exploration and mining.Elements, Vol. 11, Aug. pp. 241-246.TechnologyNot specific to diamonds

Abstract: The prosperity of our societies and our standards of living are directly related to our ability to find, exploit, and manage our metal and mineral resources. Metal and mineral deposits are, in fact, geochemical anomalies and, as such, applied geochemistry plays a critical role throughout the mineral resources value chain, from early stage exploration to mine closure. The fundamentals of element mobility (i.e. transport and fixation) in the near-surface environment are used by geochemists to detect mineral deposits at depth, reveal element distributions in and around deposits, assess the total geochemical environment, and refine effective and benign extraction and waste disposal techniques. Both pure- and applied-research ventures play fundamental roles in providing the techniques to manage metal resources and thereby benefit society.
DS1982-0355
1982
Kyser, T.K.Kyser, T.K., O'neil, J.R., Carmichael, I.S.E.Genetic relations among basic lavas and ultramafic nodules;evidence from oxygen isotope compositionsContributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 81, No. 2, pp. 88-102GlobalMicroprobe, Mineral Chemistry, Geochronology
DS1986-0478
1986
Kyser, T.K.Kyser, T.K.Stable isotope variations in the mantle - a reviewReviews in Mineralogy, Vol. 16, pp. 141-164GlobalMantle Genesis
DS1987-0086
1987
Kyser, T.K.Caporuscio, F.A., Kyser, T.K., Smyth, J.R.Oxygen isotopes in mantle eclogites from South AfricaEos, Vol. 68, No. 44, November 3, p. 1551, abstract onlySouth AfricaBlank
DS1989-0612
1989
Kyser, T.K.Hegner, E., Kyser, T.K., Hulbert, L.neodymium, Strontium and Oxygen isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis of mafic intrusions in the Proterozoic Trans-Hudson orogen of central CanadaCanadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 26, No. 5, May pp. 1027-1035OntarioGeochronology, Mafic intrusions
DS1989-0905
1989
Kyser, T.K.Luhr, J.F., Kyser, T.K.Primary igneous analcime. The Colima minettesAmerican Mineralogist, Vol. 74, No. 1-2, pp. 216-223MexicoMinette
DS1994-1484
1994
Kyser, T.K.Rosenbaum, J.M., Walker, D., Kyser, T.K.Oxygen isotope fractionation in the mantleGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 58, 21, pp. 4767-77.MantleGeochronology -oxygen isotope, Model
DS1996-1548
1996
Kyser, T.K.Wilson, M.R., Kyser, T.K., Fagan, R.Sulfur isotope systematics and platinum group element behaviour in rare earth elements (REE)enriched metasomatic fluids: a studyGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 60, No. 11, June pp. 1933-1942.CaliforniaMantle xenoliths, Dish Hill
DS1999-0713
1999
Kyser, T.K.Stern, C.R., Kilian, R., Kyser, T.K.Evidence from mantle xenoliths for relatively thin ( <100 km) continental lithosphere below Phanerozoic..Lithos, Vol. 48, No. 1-4, Sept. pp. 217-36.South AmericaXenoliths, Crust - lithosphere
DS2003-0499
2003
Kyser, T.K.Greenough, J.D., Kyser, T.K.Contrasting Archean and Proterozoic lithospheric mantle: isotopic evidence from theContributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 145, 2, pp. 169-181.MontanaBlank
DS200412-0716
2003
Kyser, T.K.Greenough, J.D., Kyser, T.K.Contrasting Archean and Proterozoic lithospheric mantle: isotopic evidence from the Shonkin Sag sill (Montana).Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 145, 2, pp. 169-181.United States, MontanaGeochronology
DS201412-0034
2014
Kyser, T.K.Banerjee, S., Kyser, T.K., Mitchell, R.H.Nitrogen isotopic compositions and concentrations in MARID xenoliths.Chemical Geology, Vol. 391, pp. 83-89.MantleXenoliths
DS201803-0434
2018
Kyser, T.K.Banerjee, S., Kyser, T.K., Mitchell, R.H.Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of phlogopites and amphiboles in diamond bearing kimberlite hosted MARID xenoliths: constraints on fluid-rock interaction and recycled crustal material in the deep continental lithospheric mantle.Chemical Geology, Vol. 479, pp. 272-285.Africa, South Africadeposit - Kimberley

Abstract: MARID (Mica-Amphibole-Rutile-Ilmenite-Diopside) xenoliths are transported from the deep-cratonic lithosphere to the Earth's surface by Cretaceous kimberlites emplaced in the Kimberley area of the Kaapvaal Craton. MARID xenoliths have high modal abundances (70-80?vol%) of mica and amphibole, indicating their origin from a hydrous source. The ?18O values (4.7????18O???6.9‰) of phlogopite micas from 14 MARID samples indicate that these minerals are both 18O-enriched and 18O-depleted with respect to the average upper mantle ?18O value of 5.8?±?0.6‰. The range of ?2H values of phlogopites (?83????2H????53‰, n?=?14) of MARID xenoliths are slightly larger than the average mantle ?2H value (?70?±?10‰). The oxygen (?18Ophlogopites-amphibole?=??0.4 and 0.4‰) and hydrogen (?2Hphlogopite-amphibole?=?14 and 36‰) isotopic disequilibrium recorded from two MARID xenoliths suggests the duration of the last isotopic exchange, possibly just before the kimberlite emplacement, between these minerals and metasomatic fluids was too short to reach isotopic equilibrium. Our model calculation indicates that the phlogopites of MARID xenoliths underwent isotopic exchange with fluids of ?18O?=?5.5 to 10‰, ?2H?=??62 to ?90‰. The range of ?18O value of the calculated metasomatic fluids resembles the oxygen isotopic composition of the primary mantle carbonate (~ 6-9‰) suggesting interaction between carbonatic melt and MARID xenoliths in the continental lithospheric mantle. Furthermore, ?18O values of phlogopites together with previously published nitrogen isotope data (?11 ? ?15N ? 9‰; Banerjee et al., 2015) indicates incorporation of inhomogeneously distributed recycled crustal material from subducted crust within their source magma. Therefore, O-H-N isotope data for MARID xenoliths indicates their crystallization from geochemically heterogeneous magma in the upper continental mantle and subsequent metasomatism with mantle fluids.
DS1989-0613
1989
Kyserm T.K.Hegner, E., Kyserm T.K., Hulbert, L.neodymium, Strontium, and Oxygen isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis of mafic intrusions in the Proterozoic Trans Hudson OrogenCanadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 26, pp. 1027-35.Saskatchewan, ManitobaGeochronology
DS1998-0889
1998
Kyslov, I.N.Lobach Zhuchenko, S.b., Arestova, N.A., Kyslov, I.N.Geochemistry and petrology of 2.40 - 2.45 Ga magmatic rocks in northwestern Belomorian Belt, FennoscandiaPrecamb. Res., Vol. 92, No. 3, Nov. pp. 223-50.Russia, FennoscandiaBelomorian Belt, Magmatism
DS1995-1043
1995
Kyvalova, H.Kyvalova, H., Cadek, O.Correlation analysis between subduction in the last 180 Myr and lateral seismic structure of the lower mantle.Geophysical Research. Letters, Vol. 22, No. 10, May 15, pp. 1281-1284.MantleGeophysics -seismics
Author Index
A-An Ao+ B-Bd Be-Bk Bl-Bq Br+ C-Cg Ch-Ck Cl+ D-Dd De-Dn Do+ E F-Fn Fo+ G-Gh Gi-Gq Gr+ H-Hd He-Hn Ho+ I J K-Kg Kh-Kn Ko-Kq Kr+ L-Lh
Li+ M-Maq Mar-Mc Md-Mn Mo+ N O P-Pd Pe-Pn Po+ Q R-Rh Ri-Rn Ro+ S-Sd Se-Sh Si-Sm Sn-Ss St+ T-Th Ti+ U V W-Wg Wh+ X Y Z
 
 

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