Kaiser Bottom Fish OnlineFree trialNew StuffHow It WorksContact UsTerms of UseHome
Specializing in Canadian Stocks
SearchAdvanced Search
Welcome Guest User   (more...)
Home / Education
Education
 

SDLRC - Region: Angola - Technical


The Sheahan Diamond Literature Reference Compilation - Technical Articles based on Major Region - Angola
The Sheahan Diamond Literature Reference Compilation is compiled by Patricia Sheahan who publishes on a monthly basis a list of new scientific articles related to diamonds as well as media coverage and corporate announcements called the Sheahan Diamond Literature Service that is distributed as a free pdf to a list of followers. Pat has kindly agreed to allow her work to be made available as an online digital resource at Kaiser Research Online so that a broader community interested in diamonds and related geology can benefit. The references are for personal use information purposes only; when available a link is provided to an online location where the full article can be accessed or purchased directly. Reproduction of this compilation in part or in whole without permission from the Sheahan Diamond Literature Service is strictly prohibited. Return to Diamond Region Index
Sheahan Diamond Literature Reference Compilation - Scientific Articles by Author for all years
A-An Ao+ B-Bd Be-Bk Bl-Bq Br+ C-Cg Ch-Ck Cl+ D-Dd De-Dn Do+ E F-Fn Fo+ G-Gh Gi-Gq Gr+ H-Hd He-Hn Ho+ I J K-Kg Kh-Kn Ko-Kq Kr+ L-Lh
Li+ M-Maq Mar-Mc Md-Mn Mo+ N O P-Pd Pe-Pn Po+ Q R-Rh Ri-Rn Ro+ S-Sd Se-Sh Si-Sm Sn-Ss St+ T-Th Ti+ U V W-Wg Wh+ X Y Z
Sheahan Diamond Literature Reference Compilation - Media/Corporate References by Name for all years
A B C D-Diam Diamonds Diamr+ E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Each article reference in the SDLRC is tagged with one or more key words assigned by Pat Sheahan to highlight the main topics of the article. In addition most references have been tagged with one or more region words. In an effort to make it easier for users to track down articles related to a specific region, KRO has extracted these region words and developed a list of major region words presented in the Major Region Index to which individual region words used in the article reference have been assigned. Each individual Region Report contains in chronological order all the references with a region word associated with the Major Region word. Depending on the total for each reference type - technical, media and corporate - the references will be either in their own technical, media or corporate Region Report, or combined in a single report. Where there is a significant number of technical references there will be a technical report dedicated to the technical articles while the media and corporate references are combined in a separate region report. References that were added in the most recent monthly update are highlighted in yellow within the Region Report. The Major Region words have been defined by a scale system of "general", "continent", "country", "state or province" and "regional". Major Region words at the smaller scales have been created only when there are enough references to make isolating them worthwhile. References not tagged with a Region are excluded, and articles with a region word not matched with a Major Region show up in the "Unknown" report.
Kimberlite - diamondiferous Lamproite - diamondiferous Lamprophyre - diamondiferous Other - diamondiferous
Kimberlite - non diamondiferous Lamproite - non diamondiferous Lamprophyre - non diamondiferous Other - non diamondiferous
Kimberlite - unknown Lamproite - unknown Lamprophyre - unknown Other - unknown
Future Mine Current Mine Former Mine Click on icon for details about each occurrence. Works best with Google Chrome.
CITATION: Faure, S, 2010, World Kimberlites CONSOREM Database (Version 3), Consortium de Recherche en Exploration Minérale CONSOREM, Université du Québec à Montréal, Numerical Database on consorem.ca. NOTE: This publicly available database results of a compilation of other public databases, scientific and governmental publications and maps, and various data from exploration companies reports or Web sites, If you notice errors, have additional kimberlite localizations that should be included in this database, or have any comments and suggestions, please contact the author specifying the ID of the kimberlite: [email protected]
Angola - Technical
Posted/
Published
AuthorTitleSourceRegionKeywords
DS1920-0095
1922
Anon.Diamond, 1921The Mineral Industry During 1921, Vol. 31, PP. 599-602.Angola, Zaire, Central AfricaDiamond
DS1920-0122
1923
Anon.The Angola Diamond FieldsMining Engineering Journal of South Africa, Vol. 33, PT. 2, No. 1638, Feb. 17TH. PP. 633-634.AngolaDiamond Occurrence, History, Lunda, Production, Mining Engineering
DS1920-0123
1923
Anon.The Angolan Diamond DealSth. Afr. Engineering And Mining Journal, Vol. 33, PT. 2, Feb. 3RD. P. 575.Angola, West AfricaDiamond Occurrence
DS1920-0124
1923
Anon.The Angolan Diamond Deal. Belgian Congo and KasaiMining Engineering Journal of South Africa, Vol. 33, PT. 2, No. 1634, PP. 515-517.Angola, Zaire, Central AfricaAlluvial Diamond Placers
DS1920-0125
1923
Anon.The Angolan Diamond Fields... KasaiMining Engineering Journal of South Africa, No. 1638, PP. 633-634.Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Central AfricaAlluvial Diamond Placers
DS1920-0128
1923
Anon.Special Diamond SupplementMining Engineering Journal of South Africa, Vol. 33, PT. 2, Jan. 20TH. No. 1634, PP. 513-532.South Africa, Angola, Zaire, Central AfricaAlluvial Diamond Placers, Review, History Of The Industry
DS1920-0175
1924
Anon.Diamond, 1923The Mineral Industry During 1923, Vol. 32, PP. 616-618.Angola, Zaire, Gold Coast, Ghana, Southwest Africa, NamibiaDiamond Occurrences
DS1920-0264
1926
Anon.Diamond, 1925The Mineral Industry During 1925, Vol. 35, PP. 576-578.Southwest Africa, Zaire, Angola, Ghana, Tanzania, Gold Coast, NamibiaDiamond Occurrences, Littoral Diamond Placers
DS1920-0222
1925
Ball, S.H.Diamond Mining in the African Jungle, Belgian Congo and Angola.Mining Engineering Journal of South Africa, No. 1766, P. 642. ALSO: THE JEWELLER'S CIRCULAR No. 1768, PPAngola, Zaire, East Africa, Central AfricaAlluvial Diamond Placers
DS1920-0452
1929
Leite De CastroCompanhia de Diamantes de Angola. Noticia Succinta Sobre a Sua Constituicao Concessoes Obtidas E Trabalhos Realizados Em Angola. #2Lisboa:, 50P.AngolaKimberlite
DS1920-0453
1929
Leite de castro, E.Companhia de Diamantes de Angola. Noticia Succinta Sobre a Sua Constituicao Concessoes Obtidas E Trabalhos Realizadoz Em Angola. #1Lisbon:, Central Africa, AngolaBlank
DS1920-0396
1928
Poindexter, O.F.Constituents of Diamond Bearing Black Sands from Angola, Portuguese West Africa.American Mineralogist., Vol. 13, PP. 236-237.AngolaMineralogy, Alluvial Diamond Placers, Heavy Mineral Concentrate
DS1930-0048
1931
Anon.Diamond, 1930The Mineral Industry During 1930, Vol. 40, PP. 475-477.Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Ghana, French Equatorial Africa, TanzaniaCurrent Activities
DS1930-0088
1932
Anon.Diamond, 1931The Mineral Industry During 1931, Vol. 41, PP. 450-453.Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, South Ghana, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Sierra Leone, NamibiaCurrent Activities, Diamond Occurrence
DS1930-0151
1934
Anon.Diamond, 1933Minerals Yearbook During 1933, PP. 1087-1092.South Africa, Ghana, Zaire, Angola, Southwest Africa, Sierra LeoneReview Of Activities
DS1930-0180
1935
Anon.Diamond, 1934Minerals Yearbook During 1934, PP. 1206-1209.Central Africa, Angola, Ghana, Southwest Africa, Sierra LeoneCurrent Activities
DS1930-0012
1930
Beetz, P.F.W.Angola and the Belgian Congo Diamond FieldsSoc. International Forestiere Et Minere Du Congo, UNPUBL.Angola, Zaire, Central AfricaGeology
DS1930-0204
1935
Stutzer, O.Die Wichtigsten Lagerstaetten der Nicht-erzeBorntraeger., SOUTH AFRICA PP. 10-90; southwest AFRICA/NAMIBIA PP. 90-118;West Africa, Central African Republic, Central Africa, AngolaDiamond Occurrences
DS1930-0207
1935
Veatch, A.C.Evolution of the Congo BasinGeological Society of America (GSA), Memoir 3, 183p.Angola, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Southern AfricaCongo Basin, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics
DS1940-0160
1948
Andrade, C.F.Diamond Deposits in LundaInternational Geological Congress 18TH., PT. 14, P. 225.Angola, West AfricaGeology
DS1940-0140
1947
Anon.Diamond Production of Premier Mine, South Africa and in Angola.The Gemologist., JANUARY, P. 45.South Africa, AngolaBlank
DS1940-0059
1942
Roush, G.A.Precious and Semi Precious StonesThe Mineral Industry During 1941, Vol. 50, PP. 463-483.United States, South Africa, Angola, Zaire, Brazil, Guyana, Gold CoastReview Of Current Activities For The Year
DS1940-0060
1942
Roush, G.A.Precious and Semi-precious StonesThe Mineral Industry, Vol. 50, PP. 463-483.United States, South Africa, West Africa, Gold Coast, Democratic Republic of Congo, AngolaCosts, Production, Accounts
DS1950-0118
1953
Andrade, C.F.Diamond Deposits in Lunda. a Geological Survey Made in 1945-1946. a Study Made of the Diamondiferous Gravels and Concentrates.Comp. Diamantes De Angola Serv. Cult., No. 17, PT. 1, 151P.; PT 2, 224P.AngolaAlluvial Placer Deposits
DS1950-0164
1954
Andrade, C.F.On the Age of the So Called 'lunda Stage ' in the Diamandiferous Region of Northern Angola.Geological Society PORTUGAL BOL., Vol. 11, PP. 69-74.Angola, West AfricaGeology, Geochronology
DS1950-0380
1958
De sousa machado, F.J.The Volcanic Belt of Angola and Its CarbonatitesComm. Tech. Coop. African South of The Sahara Reg. Comm. Geo, No. 44, PP. 309-317.AngolaGeology, Related Rocks
DS1950-0424
1958
Real, F.Sur les Roches Kimberlitiques de la Lunda (angola)University LISBOA FAC. SCI. Bulletin., No. 26AngolaKimberlite, Geology, Petrology
DS1950-0497
1959
Real, F.Intrusoes Kimberliticas Da LundaLisbon: Dir. Ger. Minas E Serv. Geol. Memoir., No. 5, 116P. XEROX.AngolaKimberlite, Kimberley, Janlib
DS1950-0158
1953
Weatherby, E.W.Operations of the Diamond Company in AngolaMining Engineering Journal of South Africa, Vol. 64, No. 3145, PP. 465-469.AngolaMining, Alluvial Diamond Placers, Recovery, Kimberlite Pipes
DS1960-0042
1960
Fieremans, C.Etude Critique des Classifications des Formations Diamantiferes au Kasai et dans la Lunda.Louvain University Institute Geol. Memoir., Vol. 21, PP. 249-278.Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Central AfricaDiamond, Classification, Deposits, Geology
DS1960-0457
1964
Hallam, C.D.The Geology of the Coastal Diamond Deposits of Southern Africa. In: the Geology of Some Ore Deposits in South Africa.Johannesburg: Geological Society of South Africa, Vol. 2, PP. 671-728.Angola, Southwest Africa, Namibia, Central AfricaKimberley, Geology, Littoral Diamond Placers
DS1960-0714
1966
Muriedas, P.A.La Exploracion de Arear Nuevas Por El Metodo Aeromagnetico (angola).Association MEXICANA GEOF. Exploration BOL., No. 7, PT. 4, PP. 245-269.Angola, Central AfricaKimberlite, Geophysics, Airmag
DS1960-0286
1962
Parkinson, L.J.Memoirs of African Mining 1899-1966Golden: Msc. Thesis Colorado School of Mines, 104P.Central Africa, AngolaHistory, Mining, Diamond
DS1960-0734
1966
Reis, B.Consideration on the Application of Geophysical Prospecting methods to the Search for Kimberlites in the Northeast of Lunda, Angola.Angola Serv. Geol. Min. Bol., No. 14, PP. 49-60.Angola, Central AfricaKimberlite, Geophysics
DS1960-0402
1963
Sousa E MelloCompanie de Diamante de AngolaLisbon: Enlg., 168P.Angola, Central AfricaMining, Kimberley
DS1970-0863
1974
Anon.Geochemical Prospection of the Kimberlite in the Fluvial Basins of Lofule and Calcuilo. #2Unknown, Vol. 25, PP. 35-47.AngolaGeochemistry, Prospecting
DS1970-0885
1974
Boyd, F.R., Danchin, R.V.Discrete Nodules from the Artur de Paiva Kimberlite, AngolaCarnegie Institute Yearbook, FOR 1973, PP. 278-282.AngolaPetrography
DS1970-0652
1973
Costa, J. DA.Diamantes de AngolaUnknown, AngolaKimberlite, Kimberley, Janlib, Diamond
DS1970-0284
1971
Dyer, H.B.The Diamond Industry-past, Present and FutureInd. Diamond Rev., FOR 1971, No. 5, PP. 184-188.South Africa, Angola, West Africa, Southwest Africa, NamibiaHistory, Research
DS1970-0744
1973
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.Carbonatitis de AngolaMems Trab. Institute Invest. Cient. Angola., No. 11, 42P.Angola, West AfricaCarbonatite
DS1970-0150
1970
Monforte, A.A Tectonica Lineamentar E a Reparticao Espacial E Genetica Dos Fontes Primarias de Diamantes.Geol. Serv. Min. (portugal) Bol., No. 22, PP. 17-22.Angola, Central AfricaTectonics, Diamonds
DS1970-0567
1972
Monforte, A.Tectonic Lineaments and the Spatial and Genetic Distribution of Primary Diamond Deposits.Geological Survey MINAS (ANGOLA) BOL., No. 22, PP. 17-22.AngolaTectonics, Kimberlite
DS1970-0973
1974
Parra, A.H.N.Prospeccao Geoquimica de Quimberlitos Nas Bacias Fluvias Dolufule E Do Calcuilo.Serv. Geol. Min. (angola) Bol., No. 25, PP. 35-48.Angola, West AfricaProspecting, Diamonds, Kimberlites
DS1970-0393
1971
Reis, B.Contribuicao de Aeromagnetica Para E Determinacao de Estruturas Profundas E Sua Importancia Na Descoberta de Coerenciasquimberliticas.I Congreso Hispano-luso-americano, Impresa Iberica, Madred G, No. 1, SECT. 6, PP. 345-397.Angola, Central AfricaKimberlite, Geophysics
DS1970-0394
1971
Reis, B.The Use of Aeromagnetometry in the Determination of Deep Seated Structure and its Importance to Kimberlite Exploration.Serv. Geol. Min. (angola) Bol., No. 23, PP. 11-20.Angola, Central Africa, ZaireGeophysics, Calonda Conglomerate
DS1970-0588
1972
Reis, B.Preliminary Note on the Distribution and Tectonic Control Of Kimberlites in Angola.International Geological Congress 24TH., Vol. 4, PP. 276-281.Angola, West AfricaGeology, Tectonics
DS1975-0221
1976
Anon.Geochemical Prospection of the Kimberlite in the Fluvial Basins of Lofule and Calcuilo. #1Association of African Geological Survey INFORM. LIAISON Bulletin., 1976, PT. 1, P. 39. (abstract.).AngolaGeochemistry, Prospecting
DS1975-0020
1975
Bardet, M.G.Geologie der DiamantB.r.g.m., 621P. IN THREE VOLUMES. INDIA Vol. 3, PP. 133-140.Angola, Australia, Botswana, Brazil, China, Central African RepublicDiamond Occurrences
DS1975-0507
1977
Fieremans, C.Het Voorkommen Van Diamant Langsheen de Kwango Riviere in Angola En Zaire.Acad. Roy. Sci. Outre-mer Cl. Sci. Nat. Med. Memoire., IN-8, GENEESKUNDIGE WETENSCHAPPEN N.R., Vol. 20, No. 1, PP.Angola, Zaire, Central Africa, East AfricaDiamond Diggings
DS1975-0356
1976
Mitchell, A.H.G., Garson, M.S.Mineralization at Plate BoundariesMinerals Sci. Eng., Vol. 8, No. 2, PP. 129-169.Angola, Central Africa, Southwest Africa, NamibiaGenesis, Structure, Tectonics
DS1980-0071
1980
Boyd, F.R., Danchin, R.V.Lherzolites, Eclogites and Megacrysts from Some Kimberlites of Angola.American Journal of Science (JACKSON MEMORIAL VOLUME), PP. 528-549.Angola, West AfricaPetrology
DS1980-0105
1980
Deboorder, H.Deep Reaching Fracture Zones in the Crystalline Basement Surrounding the West Congo System and Their Control of Mineralization in Angola and Gabon. #1Proceedings of the 26th International Geological Congress HELD French Geological Survey (BRGM), Proceedings Vol. 2, P. 713. (abstract.)Angola, Gabon, West AfricaTectonics
DS1980-0288
1980
Reis, B., Ires de barros.Sur Quelques Kimberlites de L'angolaProceedings of the 26th International Geological Congress, Proceedings Vol. 3, P. 996. (abstract.)Angola, West AfricaGeology
DS1981-0301
1981
Mitchell, A.H.G., Garson, M.S.Mineral Deposits and their Global Tectonic SettingAcademic Press, 405P. DIAMONDS SEE PAGING LISTS IN CONT.South Africa, Russia, Yakutia, East Africa, Angola, Australia, BrazilClassification, Distribution, Origin, Genesis, Placers, Pipes
DS1981-0346
1981
Reis, B., Monforte, A.Preliminary note on the western massif of Camuttue, Lunda, SOURCE[ Bol. da Soc. Geol. de Portugal, (in Portugese).Bol. da Soc. Geol. de Portugal, (in Portugese)., Vol. 22, pp. 327-336Angola, Central AfricaAlluvial Placers
DS1981-0444
1981
Zuyev, V.M.The Role of Regional Types of Intermediate Reservoir Rocks In the Formation of Commercial Diamond Placers.Soviet Geology, No. 1, PP. 58-63.AngolaKimberlite, Conglomerate, Cretaceous, Angola, Kasai
DS1982-0172
1982
De brooder, H.Deep Reaching Fracture Zones in the Crystalline Basement Surrounding the West Congo System and Their Control of Mineralization in Angola and Gabon. #2Tectonophysics, Vol. 20, No. 3-4, PP. 259-273.Angola, Gabon, Central AfricaTectonics, Diamond, Kimberlite, Geophysics
DS1982-0341
1982
Knoche, G.Angola. #2Bundes. Geowissensch. Rohstoffe, Hanover., 89P.Angola, West AfricaDiamond, Production, Mineral Resources
DS1982-0378
1982
Loureiro, F.E.V., Di valderano, M.H.W.Brasil ANGOLA ALKALINE CARBONATITE PROVINCE and its MAIN ECONOMIC ASPECTS.National Technical Information Service Report NUCLEBRAS, No. DE 84780340, 12P.Brazil, Angola, Central Africa, South AmericaTectonics
DS1982-0589
1982
Sutherland, D.G.The Transport and Sorting of Diamonds by Fluvial and Marineprocesses.Economic Geology, Vol. 77, No. 7, PP. 1613-1620.Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Sierra Leone, West Africa, East AfricaSize, Quality, Exploration
DS1983-0012
1983
Anon.Angola- DiamondsMining Annual Review For 1982, P. 395.AngolaProduction, Prospecting
DS1983-0045
1983
Anon.Sibeka... Review of Annual ReportIndiaqua., No. 36, 1983/3, PP. 21-23.Central Africa, Zaire, Brazil, AngolaProspecting, Current Activities
DS1983-0274
1983
Haggerty, S.E., Raber, E., Naeser, C.W.Fissure Track Dating of Kimberlitic ZirconsEarth Plan. Sci. Letters, Vol. 63, No. 1, PP. 41-50.South Africa, Botswana, Angola, Tanzania, Wyoming, State LineGeochronology, Kimberley Pool, Orapa, Val Do Queve, Koffiefontein
DS1983-0505
1983
Parra, A.A.H.N.Concise Characteristics of the Lufule Kimberlite Field, Angola. (in Portugese)Garcia de Orta ser. geol., (in Portugese)., Vol. 6, No. 1-2, pp. 173-174AngolaPetrology, Tectonics
DS1984-0056
1984
Anon.Sibeka-extracts from the Board of DirectorsIndiaqua., No. 39, 1984/III, PP. 17-19.Central Africa, Zaire, Angola, BrazilHistory, Current Activities, Annual Report
DS1984-0082
1984
Anon.Gemstones; Mining Annual Review, 1984Mining Annual Review., FOR 1983 PP. 121-123.South Africa, Botswana, Southwest Africa, Namibia, Zaire, AngolaProduction
DS1985-0007
1985
Allsopp, H.L., Hargraves, R.B.Rbsr Ages and Paleomagnetic Dat a for Some Angolan Alkaline IntrusivesTransactions Geological Society of South Africa, Vol. 88, pt. 2, May-August pp. 295-299AngolaAlkaline Rocks
DS1985-0020
1985
Anon.Diamond Smuggling TrialIndustrial Minerals, No. 209, JANUARY P. 70.West Africa, AngolaIdb
DS1986-0413
1986
Jourdan, P.The minerals industry of AngolaRaw Materials report, Vol. 5, No.1, pp.20-40AngolaDiamond, Production
DS1989-0212
1989
IndiaquaSibeka's latest annual report... No. 69Indiaqua, No. 54, 1989/III, p. 27, 29, 30Central African Republic, China, Angola, United States, Democratic Republic of Congo, BrazilNews item, Sibeka annual report sumM.
DS1989-0690
1989
Issa Filho, A., Riffel, B.F.Geologic, petrolographic and petrochemical aspects ofAngolacarbonatitesXiii International Geochemical Exploration Symposium, Rio 89 Brazilian Geochemical, pp. 64-65AngolaCarbonatite, Petrography
DS1989-0808
1989
Koivula, J.I., Kammerling, R.C.Companies vie for Angola diamond rightsGems and Gemology, Vol. 25, No. 2, Summer p. 110AngolaNews item
DS1990-0530
1990
Gems & GemologyNew area in Angola to be minedGems and Gemology, Gem news, Vol. 26, No. 2, Summer, p. 159AngolaNews item, Exploration news
DS1990-0780
1990
Jourdan, P.The minerals industry of Angola. Extracted information on diamondsInstitute of Mining Research, University of Zimbabwe, Report No. 116, pp. 9, 10, 11AngolaDiamond production, Brief overview
DS1990-0835
1990
Kimbell, C.L.Review of 1989 international mineral industry activities.Brief mention Of diamonds in several countries. ie. South Africa, Zaire, Namibia, Angola, GuineaMining Engineering, Vol. 42, No. 7, July, pp. 665-675South Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Namibia, Angola, GuineaNews item, Brief overview -diamonds
DS1990-1387
1990
Sobolev, N.V., Mankenda, A., Kaminsky, F.V., Sobolev, V.N.Garnets from kimberlites of north-east Angola and relation of Their composition with diamond content.(Russian)Doklady Academy of Sciences Akademy Nauk SSSR, (Russian), Vol. 315, No. 5, pp. 1225-1229AngolaGarnets and diamonds, Mineralogy
DS1991-0022
1991
Ambroise, M.Geology of the northeast Angolan kimberlite regionProceedings of Fifth International Kimberlite Conference held Araxa June, pp. 6-9AngolaStructure -Lunda, Cassai Shield
DS1991-0260
1991
Chaves, M.L.de C.Sequenias Cretacicas e mineralizacoes diamantiferas no Brasil, central EAfrica, centro meridional -prelim.Geosciences, Vol. 10, pp. 231-25.Brazil, Central African Republic, Zaire, AngolaDiamondiferous, Cretaceous sediments
DS1991-0368
1991
Demaiffe, D., Fieremans, M., Fieremans, C.The kimberlites of Central Africa: a reviewMagmatism in Extensional structural settings, Springer pp. 536-559.Central Africa, Angola, Gabon, Zaire, Tanzania, KenyaKimberlites, Review
DS1991-0479
1991
Filho, A.I., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-LoureiroAspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of Angolan carbonatitesJournal of Geochemical Exploration, Special Publications Geochemical Exploration, Vol. 40, No. 1-3, pp. 205-226AngolaCarbonatite, Petrology
DS1991-1461
1991
Roux, J.Historical footnote to Angola. History and productionIndiaqua, Industrial Diamond ANNUAL, 1991 pp. 17AngolaNews item, Production
DS1992-0858
1992
Kharkiv, A.D., Levin, V.I., Mankenda, A., Safronov, A.F.The Camafuca-Camazambo kimberlite pipe of Angola, the largest in theworldInternational Geology Review, Vol. 34, No. 7, July pp. 710-719AngolaKimberlite, Deposit -Camafuca-Camazambo
DS1992-1231
1992
Premoll, C.Angola emerges as an exploration targetEngineering Mining Journal, Vol. 193, No. 7, July pp. 32-37AngolaDiamonds, Overview
DS1992-1232
1992
Premoll, C.Angola emerges as exploration targetEngineering and Mining Journal, Vol. 193, No. 7, July pp. 32-37AngolaExploration, Overview
DS1992-1299
1992
Roux, J.Diamond prospecting update: AngolaIndiaqua, Annual 1992/3, p. 53.AngolaNews item, De Beers, Endiama, Andrada, Lucapa
DS1992-1448
1992
Sobolev, N.V., Mankenda, S.A., Kaminsky, F.V., Sobolev, V.N.Garnets from kimberlites of northeastern Angola and correlations between their compositions and diamond content.Doklady Academy of Sciences USSR, Earth Science Section, Vol. 315, pp. 238-242.AngolaGarnet mineralogy, Diamond content
DS1993-0020
1993
Alberti, A., Alessandro, V., Pieruccini, U., Pranzini, E.Land sat Thematic Mapperdat a processing for lithological discrimination in the Caraculoarea (Namibe Province, southwest Angola).Journal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 17, No. 3, October pp. 261-274.AngolaLandsat -not specific to diamonds, Remote sensing, lithology
DS1993-0277
1993
Coltorti, M., Assimo, A., Beccaluva, L., et al.The Tchivra-Bonga alkaline carbonatite complex (Angola): petrology comparison with some Brazilian analogues.European Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 5, No. 6, December pp. 1001-1024.Angola, BrazilCarbonatite
DS1993-0712
1993
IndiaquaOverview of Sibeka's 1992 annual reportIndiaqua, Annual 1993/94, pp. 31-33.Democratic Republic of Congo, Brazil, China, Angola, United StatesAnnual Report -precis, Sikeka D'Enterprise
DS1994-0013
1994
African Conference Mining InvestmentANGOLA. #1African Conference Mining Investment, June 8-9, 32p.AngolaCountry profile, Diamond production
DS1994-1391
1994
Pohl, W.Metallogeny of the northeastern Kibara belt, Central Africa- recentperspectivesOre Geology Reviews, Vol. 9, pp. 105-130Zambia, Angola, Zaire, Burundi, Tanzania, RwandaMetallogeny
DS1995-0873
1995
Janse, B.A history of diamond sources in Africa: Part 1Gems and Gemology, Vol. 31, Winter pp. 228-255.Africa, South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Zaire, AngolaHistory, Diamond exploration
DS1995-1064
1995
Lavier, L.Reconstruction of the Cenozoic development of the Angolan continentalmargin.Eos, Abstracts, Vol. 76, No. 17, Apr 25, p. S 284.AngolaStructure, Congo River
DS1995-1775
1995
Smith, C.B., Barton, E.S.The timing of kimberlite emplacement in southern AfricaCentennial Geocongress (1995) Extended abstracts, Vol. 1, p. 107-110. abstractSouth Africa, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Swaziland, Angola, NamibiaGeochronology, Kimberlite magmatism
DS1996-0045
1996
Arregros, M.Selected bibliography on diamonds in AfricaAfrica Geoscience Review, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 331-342.Africa, South Africa, Angola, Algeria, Botswana, Sierra LeoneBibliography, CAR, Congo, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali
DS1996-0176
1996
Bristow, J.W.Angola: untapped mineral wealth and mine fieldsProspectors and Developers Association of Canada (PDAC) Annual Meeting, p. 67. abstract.AngolaOverview, Political, legal, resources
DS1996-0769
1996
Komarova, O.I., Mirlin, Ye. G., Uglov, B.D.Tectonospheric asymmetry of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge within the Angola Brasil geotraverse zone.Doklady Academy of Sciences, Vol. 333, pp. 8-13.Angola, BrazilMorphostructure, Tectonics
DS1997-0333
1997
Falls, R.Developing projects from feasibility and finance to construction andoperationsMiga Conference Held June 3-5, Denver, 22pAngola, Zambia, Zaire, TanzaniaMining, Project services
DS1997-0480
1997
Hart, M.Plunder Inc. Canadians are outgunning de Beers in the increasingly bloody world of diamond mining.Saturday Night, July/Aug. pp. 19-25.AngolaNews item, SouthernEra Ltd.
DS1997-0768
1997
MIGA Conference held Denver June 3-5Mining title, Foreign investment, Law on privitizationMiga Conference Held Denver June 3-5, 7pAngolaMining, Legal
DS1997-0769
1997
MIGA Conference held Denver June 3-5Law on geological and mining activitiesMiga Conference Held Denver June 3-5, 18pAngolaMining, Legal - mining law
DS1997-1067
1997
SMK Securities Pty Ltd.Southern Era - substantial growth potential..Smk Securities Pty Ltd., April 3, 21p.South Africa, Angola, Northwest TerritoriesNews item - analysts report, promotion, Deposit - Klipspringer
DS1997-1124
1997
Sumula, C.Invitation to invest in mineral development in Angola... by the Vice Minister of Geology and MinesMiga Conference Held Denver June 3-5, 30p. slide copiesAngolaMining, country risk, Economics - investment
DS1998-0506
1998
Gibson, S.A., Thompson, R.N., Dickin, A.P.Subcontinental mantle plume impact and kimberlite genesis7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 250-2.Angola, Brazil, Namibia, ParaguayMantle plume, Deposit - Lunda area
DS1998-1065
1998
Natapov, L., Griffin, W.L.Geodynamic controls on the distribution of Diamondiferous kimberlites7th International Kimberlite Conference Abstract, pp. 615-7.Russia, AngolaTectonics, Olenek, Lucappe, Kimberlite magmatism, hot spots
DS1998-1385
1998
Southern African Development CommunityDiamonds in the SADC regionMineral Res. Surv. Prog., No. 3, 36p. 16p. appendicesSouth Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Angola, Botswana, LesothoAlluvial, marine diamond, kimberlite, paleoplacers, Diamond production, potential
DS1998-1530
1998
Vearncombe, J.Geology and exploration potential of southern and eastern AfricaAustralia Ins. Geosci., Bulletin. 25, pp. 9-15.Angola, South Africa, ZimbabweKimberlites, structure control, Deposit - Lucapa Corridor
DS1999-0008
1999
Alberti, A., Castorina, Censi, Comin-Chiaramonti, GomesGeochemical characteristics of Cretaceous carbonatites from AngolaJournal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 29, No. 4, Dec. pp. 735-59.AngolaCarbonatite, geochemistry, Parana-Angola, Etendeka Province
DS1999-0556
1999
Picton, J.African diamond production in the 21st. CenturyGemological Institute of America (GIA) International Gem. Symposium June 21-24, 16p. slide reprod. 2p. text under slidesAngola, Namibia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Botswana, South AfricaEconomics, Diamond production, Petra Diamonds
DS1999-0778
1999
Walsham, B., Treneham, B.Diamond opportunities in Angola: a Diamond works perspectiveProspectors and Developers Association of Canada (PDAC) abstract volume, p. 8.AngolaOverview
DS2000-0213
2000
De Carvalho, H., Tassinari, C., Alvesm P.H., GuimaraesGeochronological review of the Precambrian in western Angola: links with Brasil.Journal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 31, No. 2, Aug. pp. 383-402.Angola, BrazilGeochronology, Tectonics - Congo, Sao Francisco Craton
DS2000-0342
2000
Global Diamond CouncilWorld diamond council praises passage of U.N. measure to fight conflict diamonds.World Diamond Council, Dec. 6, 1p.Sierra Leone, Angola, Democratic Republic of CongoNews item, Conflict diamonds
DS2000-0343
2000
Global WitnessConflict diamonds. Possibilities for the identification, certification and control of diamonds.Global Witness briefing document, June, 41p.Angola, Sierra Leone, Liberia, GlobalDiamond industry - overview, technology, legal
DS2000-0703
2000
Neto, A.Angola, 2000Mining Annual Review 2000, 3p.AngolaOverview - brief, Diamonds mentioned
DS2001-0014
2001
AllAfricaConflict diamonds and the global fightAllAfrica.com, Oct. 23, 2p.Africa, Angola, Democratic Republic of CongoNews item, Conflict diamonds
DS2001-0015
2001
AllAfricaOver $ 1 million of embargoed gems leave Angola a dayAllAfrica.com, Oct. 16, 2p.AngolaNews item, Conflict diamonds
DS2001-0016
2001
AllAfricaDiamond dealers still funding Angolan civil war - is it good for?AllAfrica.com, Oct. 18, 2p.AngolaNews item, Conflict diamonds
DS2001-0200
2001
CNN.comDeadline set for crackdown on conflict diamondsCnn.com, Nov. 29, 1p.Angola, Sierra Leone, Democratic Republic of CongoNews item, Conflict diamonds
DS2001-0236
2001
De Almeida Neto, A.P.Angola, 2001Mining Annual Review 2001, 2p.AngolaCountry - overview, economics, mining, Overview - brief
DS2001-0237
2001
De Boeck, F.Garimpeiro worlds: digging, dying and hunting for diamonds in AngolaReview of African Political Policy, Vol. 90, pp. 549-62.AngolaNews item, History, conflict diamonds
DS2001-0505
2001
Industrial Information Resources IncCanadian-Israeli group develops Angola's largest diamond mineSouthernEra Res., Welox (Leviev), Oct. 3, 1p.AngolaNews item, SouthernEra, Welox, Leviev
DS2001-0821
2001
Mvika, P.The diamond industry in Angola and its prospects of developmentWorld Diamond Conference, 6p.AngolaNews item
DS2001-0949
2001
Power, M.Patrimonialism and petro diamond capitalism: peace, geopolitics and economics of war in Angola.Review of African Political Policy, Vol. 90, pp. 489-502.AngolaNews item, History, conflict diamonds
DS2001-1206
2001
VOA NewsAngola claims no loopholes in diamond systemVoa News, Aug. 5, 3p.AngolaNews item, Conflict diamonds
DS2002-0069
2002
AscorpAngola Selling Organization welcomes De Beers dispute resolutionAscorp, Oct. 30, 1/2p.Angolapress release, De Beers
DS2002-0239
2002
Campbell, G.Blood diamonds: tracing the deadly path of the World's most precious stonesWilson, G. Book review, Feb. 12, 2p.Sierra Leone, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia, GuineaBlank
DS2002-0300
2002
Cockburn, A.Diamonds: the real story. Funnelled through secretive networks, these precious gems carry a huge cost in human suffering.National Geographic, March pp. 2-35.Angola, Sierra LeoneHistory - layman
DS2002-0545
2002
Gemological AbstractsThe discreet tycoon. by R. Weldon. reviewed in Professional Jeweler, Vol. 5, 1, 2002, pp. 20,21, 22, 26. Lev Leviev's Angolan connection. 5, 2, pp.19-21.Gems and Gemology, Vol. 38, Fall, p. 290 ( 1p. abstract)AngolaNews item - Leviev background
DS2002-0629
2002
Haggerty, S.E.The geopolitical setting of conflict diamondsEos, American Geophysical Union, Spring Abstract Volume, Vol.83,19, 1p.Angola, Sierra Leone, Central African Republic, LiberiaDiamonds - conflict
DS2002-0996
2002
Marshall, E.Diamond project Catoca - Government of Republic of Angola. New model of cooperation stabilizes economics.Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada (PDAC) 2002, 1p. abstractAngolaDeposit - Catoca
DS2002-1129
2002
New ScientistTam Dalyell looks at the links between conflict and diamond mining and the fears of poor countries over global warming.New Scientist, Aug. 10, p. 53.Angola, Sierra Leone, Central African RepublicNews item, Conflict diamonds
DS2002-1130
2002
New ScientistDiamond wars: there's got to be a way to stop the trade that's funding the terrorNew Scientist, May 25, pp. 5-7., May 25, pp. 5-7.Sierra Leone, Angola, Liberia, Democratic Republic of CongoNews item, Conflict diamonds
DS2002-1131
2002
New ScientistDiamond wars: there's got to be a way to stop the trade that's funding the terrorNew Scientist, May 25, pp. 5-7., May 25, pp. 5-7.Sierra Leone, Angola, Liberia, Democratic Republic of CongoNews item, Conflict diamonds
DS2002-1161
2002
NRCanNRCan: Canada takes further measures to combat illicit global trade in conflict diamonds.Nrcan, Oct. 10, 1p.Sierra Leone, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, LiberiaNews item - press release, Conflict diamonds
DS2003-0408
2003
Financial NewsDe Beers extend talks with Endiama for return to AngolaDe Beers, March 17, 2p.AngolaNews item
DS2003-0901
2003
McClearn, M.Diamond works seeks its fortune in war torn Africa. History of original area KoiduCanadian Business, June pp. 39,40.Sierra Leone, AngolaNews item, DiamondWorks
DS2003-1189
2003
Rotman, A., Ganga, J., Nosiko, S.Pipe Catoca, an example of the weakly eroded kimberlites from north east Angola8ikc, Www.venuewest.com/8ikc/program.htm, Session 1 POSTER abstractAngolaKimberlite geology and economics, Deposit - Catoca
DS200412-0257
2002
Campbell, G.Blood diamonds: tracing the deadly path of the World's most precious stones.Wilson, G. Book review, Feb. 12, 2p.Africa, Sierra Leone, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guinea, LiberiaNews item - book review
DS200412-0354
2004
Contrucci, I., Matias, L., Moulin, M., Geli, L., et al.Deep structure of the West African continental margin between 5S and 8S from reflection refraction seismics and gravity data.Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 158, 2, pp. 529-553.Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, AngolaGeophysics - seismics
DS200412-0952
2004
Kaplan, M.Carats and sticks: pursuing war and peace through the diamond trade. New York University Journal of International Law and PolitiGems & Gemology, Vol. 40, 1, Spring, p.102. abstract.Africa, Angola, Sierra Leone, Democratic Republic of CongoNews item - detailed review of war
DS200412-2006
2003
Trans HexTrans Hex's big Christmas... important source of rough stones ( larger size).Mineweb, Oct. 31, 1p.Africa, AngolaNews item
DS200412-2007
2003
Trans HexTrans Hex sells first Angolan diamonds from Luarica operation. $ 300. a carat ( 20,000 sold). One was 76 carat white stone.Mineweb, July 31, 1/8p.Africa, AngolaNews item Endiama
DS200412-2231
2004
Zhukhlistov, A.P., Kotelnikov, D.D., Zinchuk, N.N.Association of simple (1T, 3R) and complex six layer Lizardite polytypes in the Katoka kimberlite pipe, Angola.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 396, 4, pp. 551-555.Africa, AngolaMineralogy - Katoka
DS200512-0159
2005
Chapman, J.Spotlight on Angola.Rough Diamond Review, No. 8, March pp.31-36.Africa, AngolaHistory
DS200512-0274
2005
Even-Zohar, C.Diamond Development Initiative background paper on macro development issues.Partnership Africa Canada, 10p.Africa, Angola, Sierra Leone, Democratic Republic of Congo, GuineaKimberley Process
DS200512-0797
2005
OECD Development CentreAfrican Economic Outlook 2004/2005: Angola.Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, ingenta pub = infobike: //oecd/16080173, Sept. No. 5, pp. 68-81.Africa, AngolaEconomics
DS200512-0822
2005
Partnership Africa CanadaRepublic of Angola 2005.Partnership Africa Canada, June 12p. www.pacweb.orgAfrica, AngolaCountry profile - History, production, geology
DS200512-0825
2005
Partnership Africa CanadaDiamond development initiative begins... new approach to Africa's diamond problems.Partnership Africa Canada, June 3p.Africa, Angola, Sierra Leone, Democratic Republic of CongoKimberley Process
DS200512-0914
2004
Rotman, A.Y., Ganga, J., Nosyko, S.F., Shimupi, J., Zintchouk, N.N., Somov, S.V.Kimberlites of Angola: structural tectonic position and geology.Deep seated magmatism, its sources and their relation to plume processes., pp. 178-193.Africa, AngolaTectonics
DS200512-1005
2005
Smillie, I.Diamond Development Initiative background paper on micro development issues.Partnership Africa Canada, 10p.Africa, Angola, Sierra Leone, Democratic Republic of CongoKimberley Process
DS200512-1203
2005
XceldiamXceldiam - if you missed the Petra boat. Luangue concession.Mineweb, July 12, 1p.Africa, AngolaNews item - Xceldiam
DS200612-0365
2005
Egorov, K.N., Rotman, A.Y., Zinchuk, N.N., Nosyko, S.F.Petrochemical composition of kimberlites in northeastern Angola.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 403A, 6, pp. 891-895.Africa, AngolaGeochemistry
DS200612-0593
2005
Hoffman, P.F.28th. De Beers Alex du Toit memorial lecture, 2004. On cryogenian (Neoproterozoic) ice sheet dynamics and the limitations of the glacial sedimentary record.South African Journal of Geology, Vol. 108, pp. 557-577.Africa, Angola, Democratic Republic of CongoSnowball Earth, paleomagnetism, cratons
DS200612-0629
2005
Jackson, M.P.A., Hudec, M.R., Hegarty, K.A.The great West African Tertiary coastal uplift: fact or fiction? A perspective from the Angola Rift.Tectonics, Vol. 24, 6, TC6013. 10.1029/2005 TC1836Africa, West Africa, AngolaGeomorphology
DS200612-0737
2005
Kotelnikov, D.D., Zinchuk, N.N., Zhukhistov, A.P.Stages of serpentine and phlogopite transformation in the Catoca kimberlite pipe, Angola.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 403A, 6, pp. 866-869.Africa, AngolaPetrology - Catoca
DS200612-0870
2005
Marques, R.Lundas - the stones of death Angola's deadly diamonds. Human rights abuses in the Lunda Provinces, 2004.google.com Lundas - stones of death, March 9, 73p. free downloadAfrica, AngolaHistory - conflict diamonds
DS200612-1173
2005
Romanko, E.F., Egorov, N.N., Podvysotskii, V.T., Sablukov, S.M., Dyakonov, D.B.A new Diamondiferous kimberlite region in southwestern Angola.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 403A, 6, pp. 817-821.Africa, AngolaDiamond exploration
DS200712-0286
2007
Egorov, K.N., Ramnko, E.F., Podvysotsky, V.T., Sabulukov, S.M., Garanin, V.K., Dyakonov, D.B.New dat a on kimberlite magmatism in southwestern Angola.Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 48, 4, pp. 323-336.Africa, AngolaMagmatism - kimberlites
DS200712-0293
2007
EndiamaWorld diamond summit November 2008 in LuAnd a Angola.World Diamond Summit, Africa, AngolaNews item - conference
DS200712-0815
2007
Partnership AfricaDiamond industry annual review.... Angola 2007.pacweb.org, October, 23p.Africa, AngolaReview
DS200812-0268
2008
De BeersDe Beers rolls the dice in Angola.De Beers, Feb. 22, 2p.Africa, AngolaNews item - De Beers
DS200812-0695
2008
MacauHubAngola: industrial diamond mining continues to gain ground over the traditional sector.MacauHub, Dec. 1, 1p.Africa, AngolaNews item - production
DS200812-0843
2008
Pangea DiamondFields plc.Exploration update.Pangea DiamondFields plc., May 12, 4p.Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Angola, South AfricaNews item - Pangea DiamondFields
DS200812-1079
2008
Slade, C., Neuhoff, L.Diamond fields of Angola - an overview & guidelines for exploration.GSSA-SEG Meeting Held July, Johannesburg, 35 Power point slidesAfrica, AngolaOverview
DS200812-1270
2007
World BankAngola ( overview).World Bank, June 8, 157p. available from Ingenta 2412/2007Africa, AngolaNews item - may be expensive to obtain!
DS200912-0454
2009
Lonrho Plc.Lulo kimberlite potential following positive microprobe results.Lonrho Plc., Feb. 20, 4p.Africa, AngolaNews item - Lonrho
DS200912-0584
2009
Pettit, W.Geophysical signatures of some recently discovered large ( > 40ha) kimberlite pipes on the Alto Cuilo concession in northeastern Angola.Lithos, In press - available 32p.Africa, AngolaGeophysics
DS200912-0635
2009
Robles-Cruz, S.E., Watangua, M., Isidoro, l., Melgarejo, J.C., Gali, S., Olimpo, A.Contrasting compositions and textures of ilmenite in the Catoca kimberlite, Angola, and implications in exploration for diamond.Lithos, In press - available formatted 10p.Africa, AngolaDeposit - Catoca
DS200912-0638
2009
Rogers, A.J., Grutter, H.S.Fe rich and Na rich megacryst clinopyroxene and garnet from the Luxinga kimberlite cluster, Lunda Sul, Angola.Lithos, In press - available 30p.Africa, AngolaDeposit - Luxinga
DS200912-0868
2008
Zinchenko, V.N.Morphology of diamonds from kimberlite pipes of the Catoca field, Angola.Geology of Ore Deposits, Vol. 50, 8, pp. 806-814.Africa, AngolaDiamond morphology
DS201012-0019
2009
Ashchepkov, I.V., Rotman, Nossyko, Somov, Shimupi, Vladykin, Palessky, Saprykin, KhmelnikovaComposition and thermal structure of mantle beneath the western part of the Congo-Kasai craton according to xenocrysts from Angola kimberlites.Deep Seated Magmatism, its sources and plumes, Ed. Vladykin, N.V., p. 158-180.Africa, AngolaGeothermometry
DS201012-0631
2010
Robles-Cruz, S.Disclosed dat a from mantle xenoliths of Angolan kimberlites based on LA-IPC-MS analyses.International Mineralogical Association meeting August Budapest, AbstractAfrica, AngolaMineralogy
DS201012-0632
2010
Robles-Cruz, S.E., Escayola, M., Melgarejo, J.C., Watangua, M., Gali, S., Goncalves, O.A., Jackson, S.Disclosed dat a from mantle xenoliths of Angolan kimberlites based on LA-ICP-MS analyses. Catoca and Cucumbi-79International Mineralogical Association meeting August Budapest, abstract p. 553.Africa, AngolaPetrology
DS201012-0791
2010
Torro, L., Villanova, C., Castillo, M., Campeny, M., Goncalves, O.A., Melgarejo, J.C.Nb and REE minerals from the Virulundo carbonatite Namibe, Angola.International Mineralogical Association meeting August Budapest, abstract p. 578.Africa, AngolaCarbonatite
DS201112-0055
2011
Bambi, A.C.J.M., Costanzo, A., Melgarejo, J.C., Goncalves, A.O., Neto, A.B.Evolution of pyrochlore in pluonic carbonatites: the Tchivira Complex case, Angola.Peralk-Carb 2011, workshop held Tubingen Germany June 16-18, PosterAfrica, AngolaCarbonatite
DS201112-0056
2011
Bambi, A.C.J.M., Costanzo, A., Melgarejo, J.C., Goncalves, A.O., Neto, A.B.Evolution of pyrochlore in plutonic carbonatites: the Tchivira complex case, Angola.Peralk-Carb 2011... workshop June 16-18, Tubingen, Germany, Abstract p.93-95.Africa, AngolaTchivira
DS201112-0057
2011
Bambi, A.C.J.M., Costanzo, A., Melgarejo, J.C., Goncalves, A.O., Neto, A.B.Evolution of pyrochlore in plutonic carbonatites: the Tchivira complex case, Angola.Peralk-Carb 2011... workshop June 16-18, Tubingen, Germany, Abstract p.93-95.Africa, AngolaTchivira
DS201112-0135
2011
Calvao, F.When boom goes bust: ruins, crisis and security in megaengineering diamond mining in Angola.Engineering Earth, Part 3, pp. 367-382.Africa, AngolaMining
DS201112-0138
2011
Campeny, M.Mineralogical features of the CatAnd a extrusive carbonatite, Cuanza Sul, Angola.Peralk-Carb 2011, workshop held Tubingen Germany June 16-18, AbstractAfrica, AngolaCarbonatite
DS201112-0139
2011
Campeny, M., Bambi, A.C.J.M., Costanzo, A., et al.Mineralogical features of the Catanga extrusive carbonatite, Cuanza Sul, Angola.Peralk-Carb 2011... workshop June 16-18, Tubingen, Germany, Abstract p.12-14.Africa, AngolaCatanga
DS201112-0140
2011
Campeny, M., Bambi, A.C.J.M., Costanzo, A., et al.Mineralogical features of the Catanga extrusive carbonatite, Cuanza Sul, Angola.Peralk-Carb 2011... workshop June 16-18, Tubingen, Germany, Abstract p.12-14.Africa, AngolaCatanga
DS201112-0212
2011
Costanzo, A.Using La-ICP-MS to assess evolution of trace element compositions in magmatic pyrochlore from carbonatites of the Bonga Complex, Angola.Peralk-Carb 2011, workshop held Tubingen Germany June 16-18, AbstractAfrica, AngolaCarbonatite
DS201112-0213
2011
Costanzo, A., Bambi, A.C.J.M., Melgarejo, J.C.Using LA-ICP-MS to assess evolution of trace element compositions in magmatic pyrochlore from carbonatites of the Bonga Complex, Angola.Peralk-Carb 2011... workshop June 16-18, Tubingen, Germany, Abstract p.24-26.Africa, AngolaBonga
DS201112-0214
2011
Costanzo, A., Bambi, A.C.J.M., Melgarejo, J.C.Using LA-ICP-MS to assess evolution of trace element compositions in magmatic pyrochlore from carbonatites of the Bonga Complex, Angola.Peralk-Carb 2011... workshop June 16-18, Tubingen, Germany, Abstract p.24-26.Africa, AngolaBonga
DS201112-0784
2011
Pervov, S., Somov, V., Korshunov, A.V., Dulapchii, E.V.The Catoca kimberlite pipe, Republic of Angola: a paleovolcanological model.Geology of Ore Deposits, Vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 295-308.Africa, AngolaDeposit - Catoca
DS201112-0872
2011
Robles-Cruz, S.Comparative compositions of xenocrysts of garnet, clinopyroxene, and ilmenite from Diamondiferous and barren kimberlites from northeastern Angola.Peralk-Carb 2011, workshop held Tubingen Germany June 16-18, AbstractAfrica, AngolaPetrology
DS201112-0873
2011
Robles-Cruz, S.E., Melgarejo, J.C., Escayola, M., Watangua, M., Pervov,V.Comparative composition of xenocrysts of garnet, clinopyroxene, and ilmenite from Diamondiferous and barren kimberlites from northeastern Angola.Peralk-Carb 2011... workshop June 16-18, Tubingen, Germany, Abstract p.129-131.Africa, AngolaCatoca, Kambundu, Tchiuzo, Cuilo
DS201112-0874
2011
Robles-Cruz, S.E., Melgarejo, J.C., Escayola, M., Watangua, M., Pervov,V.Comparative composition of xenocrysts of garnet, clinopyroxene, and ilmenite from Diamondiferous and barren kimberlites from northeastern Angola.Peralk-Carb 2011... workshop June 16-18, Tubingen, Germany, Abstract p.129-131.Africa, AngolaCatoca, Kambundu, Tchiuzo, Cuilo
DS201212-0035
2012
Ashchepkov, I.V., Rotmas, A.Y., Somov, S.V.Composition and thermal structure of the lithospheric mantle beneath kimberlite pipes from the Catoca cluster, Angola.Tectonophysics, Vol. 530-531, pp. 128-151.Africa, AngolaDeposit - Catoca
DS201212-0113
2012
Castillo-Oliver, M., Gali, S., Gonscalves, A.O., Melgarejo, J.C.Use of indicator minerals in diamond exploration: a comparison between barren and fertile kimberlites in Angola.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Held Bangalore India Feb. 6-11, Poster abstractAfrica, AngolaGeochemistry - KIMS
DS201212-0229
2012
Garanin, V.K., Anashkin, S.M., Bovkun, A.V., Jelsma, H., Shmakov, I.I., Garanin, K.V.Groundmass microcrystalline oxides from the Marsfontein pipe ( RSA) , Catoca, Camachia and other Angolan kimberlite pipes.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Held Bangalore India Feb. 6-11, Poster abstractAfrica, Angola, South AfricaDeposit - Marsfontein, Catoca, Camachia
DS201212-0339
2012
Jelsma, H.,Krishnan, S.U., Perritt, S.,Kumar, M., Preston, R., Winter, F., Lemotlo, L., Costa, J., Van der Linde, G., Facatino, M., Posser, A., Wallace, C., Henning, A., Joy, S., Chinn, I., Armstrong, R., Phillips, D.Kimberlites from central Angola: a case stidy of exploration findings.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Feb. 6-11, Bangalore India, AbstractAfrica, AngolaOverview of kimberlites
DS201212-0460
2012
Melgarejo, J.C., Costanzo, A., Bmbi, A.C.J.M., Goncalves, A.O., Neto, A.B.Subsolidus processes as a key factor on the distribution of Nb species in plutonic carbonatites: the Tchivira case, Angola.Lithos, Vol. 152, pp. 187-201.Africa, AngolaCarbonatite
DS201212-0485
2012
Monie, P., Bosch, D., Bruguier, O., Vauchez, A., Rolland, Y., Nsungani, P., Buta Neto, A.The Late Neoporterozoic/Early Paleozoic evolution of the West Congo Belt of NW Angola: geochronological (U Pb Ar Ar) and petrostructual constraints.Terra Nova, Vol. 24, 3, pp. 238-247.Africa, AngolaGeochronology
DS201212-0486
2012
Monie, P., Bosch, D., Bruguier, O., Vauchez, A., Rolland, Y., Nsungani, P., Buta Nto, A.The Late Neoproterozoic/Early Palezoic evolution of the West Congo belt of NW Angola: geochronological (U-Pb and Ar-Ar) and petrostructural constraints.Terra Nova, in press availableAfrica, AngolaGeochronology
DS201212-0522
2012
Nikitina, L.P., Marin, Y.B, Skublov, S.G., Korolev, N.M., Saltykova, A.K., et al.U Pb age and geochemistry of zircon from mantle xenoliths of the Katoka and Kat- 115 kimberlitic pipes ( Republic of Angola).Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 445, 1, pp. 840-844.Africa, AngolaDeposit - Katoka (Catoca) Kat-115
DS201212-0523
2012
Nikolenko, E., Afanasev, V.P., Chepurov, A.Fe rich ilmenite and kimberlite melt interaction, experimental researchs.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Held Bangalore India Feb. 6-11, Poster abstractRussia, Africa, Angola, GuineaDeposit - Dachnaya, Catoca, Massadon
DS201212-0553
2012
Phillips, D., Giullani, A., Jelsma, H., Joy, S.40Ar/39AR analyses of kelphite: a new approach for dating kimberlites and related rocks.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Held Bangalore India Feb. 6-11, Poster abstractAfrica, South Africa, AngolaDeposit Dando Kwanza
DS201212-0589
2009
Robles-Cruz, S., Lomba, A., Melgarejo, J-C., Gali, S., Olimpio Goncalves, A.The Cucumbi kimberlite, NE Angola: problems to discriminate fertile and barren kimberlites.Revist de la Sociedad de Mineralogia ( in english), pp. 159-160.Africa, AngolaDeposit - Cucumbi
DS201212-0590
2012
Robles-Cruz, S.E., Escayola, M., Jackson, S., Gali, S., Pervov, S., Watanga, M., Goncalves, A., Melgarejo, J.C.U-Pb SHRIMP geochronology of zircon from the Catoca kimberlite, Angola: implications for diamond exploration.Chemical Geology, Vol. 310-311, pp. 137-147.Africa, AngolaDeposit - Catoca
DS201212-0591
2012
Robles-Cruz, S.E., Galla, S., Escayoblab, M., Melgarejoa, J.C.Heterogeneous mantle beneath the Lunda area in Angola.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Held Bangalore India Feb. 6-11, Poster abstractAfrica, AngolaDeposit - Lunda area
DS201212-0732
2012
Torro, L., Villanova, C., Castillo, M., Campeny, M., Goncalves, A.O., Melgarejo, J.C.Niobium and rare earth minerals from the Virulundo carbonatite, Namibe, Angola.Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 76, 2, pp. 393-409.Africa, AngolaDeposit - Virulundo
DS201312-0085
2013
Bojakowska, I.Trace elements in CatAnd a carbonatitic Massif ( SW Angola)Goldschmidt 2013, AbstractAfrica, AngolaGeochemistry
DS201312-0121
2013
Campeny, M., Kamenetsky, V., Melgarejo, J.C., Mangas, J., Bambi, A., Manuel, J.CatAnd a carbonatitic lavas ( Angola): melt inclusion evidence.Goldschmidt 2013, AbstractAfrica, AngolaCarbonatite
DS201312-0122
2013
Campeny, M., Kamenetsky, V., Melgarejo, J.C., Mangas, J., Bambi, A., Manuel, J.Sodium rich magmas parental to CatAnd a carbonatitic lavas ( Angola): melt inclusion evidence.Goldschmidt 2013, AbstractAfrica, AngolaCarbonatite
DS201312-0143
2013
Chambel, L.One century of Angolan diamonds. History, exploration and projects, markets, back to basics, companies, legal, future.Eaglestone Securities, Oct. 18, 106p. AvailableAfrica, AngolaOverview - projects, potential
DS201312-0160
2013
Chirico, P.G., Malpeli, K.C.Preventing the trade of conflict diamonds and supporting artisanal mining.apogeospatial.com, Summer, 5p.Africa, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Liberia, AngolaBrief use of satellite imagery
DS201312-0249
2013
Ernst, R.E., Pereira, E., Hamilton, M.A., Pisarevsky, S.A., Rodriques, J., Tasinari, C.C.G., Teixeira, W., Van-Dunem, V.Mesoproterozoic intraplate magmatic 'barcode' record of the Angola portion of the Congo craton: newly dated magmatic events at 1505 and 1110 Ma and implications for Nuna ( Columbia) supercontinent reconstructions.Precambrian Research, Vol. 230, pp. 103-118.Africa, AngolaMagmatism
DS201312-0439
2013
Jelsma, H., Krishnan, U.Kimberlites from central Angola: a case study of exploration findings.Proceedings of the 10th. International Kimberlite Conference, Vol. 2, Special Issue of the Journal of the Geological Society of India,, Vol. 2, pp. 173-190.Africa, AngolaDeposit - Dando-Kwanza
DS201312-0593
2013
McCourt, S., Armstrong, R.A., Jelsma, H., Mapeo, R.B.M.New U-Pb SHRIMP ages from the Lubango region, sw Angola: insights into the Paleoproterozoic evolution of the Angolan shield, southern Congo craton, Africa.Journal of the Geological Society, Vol. 170, pp. 353-363.Africa, AngolaGeochronology
DS201312-0981
2013
Wolkowicz, S., Bojakowska, I., Wolkowicz, K., Tadeusz, S.Trace elements in CatAnd a carbonatitic massif (SW Angola).Goldschmidt 2013, 1p. AbstractAfrica, AngolaCarbonatite
DS201412-0096
2014
Campeny, M., Mangas, J., Melgarejo, J.C., Bambi, A., Alfonso, P., Gernon, T., Manuel, J.The Catanga extrusive carbonatites ( Kwanza Sul, Angola): an example of explosive carbonatitic volcanism.Bulletin of Volcanology, Vol. 76, pp. 818-Africa, AngolaCarbonatite
DS201412-0104
2014
Castellano Calvo, A.Natrocarbonatite composition of melt inclusions from Bailundo and Longonjo carbonatites.ima2014.co.za, PosterAfrica, AngolaCarbonatite
DS201412-0105
2014
Castillo-Oliver, M.In situ trace element geochemistry and U-Pb dating on perovskite from kimberlites of the Lunda Norte province ( NE Angola): petrogenetic and tectonic implications.ima2014.co.za, AbstractAfrica, AngolaDeposit - Lundas Norte area
DS201412-0106
2014
Castillo-Oliver, M.Insights into the mantle structure beneath the Lunda Norte kimberlitic province (NE Angola): petrography and paleothermobarometry of fresh mantle xenoliths.ima2014.co.za, PosterAfrica, AngolaLunda Norte
DS201412-0274
2014
Garzanti, E., Resentini, A., Ando, S., Vezzoli, G., Pereira, A., Vermeesch, P.Physical controls on sand and composition and relative durability of detrital minerals during ultra-long distance littoral and aeolian transport ( Namibia and southern Angola).Sedimentology, Vol. 62, 4, pp. 971-996.Africa, Namibia, AngolaDiamondiferous littoral deposits
DS201412-0427
2013
Jelsma, H., Krishnan, U., Perritt, S., Preston, R., Winter, F., Lemotlo, L., van der Linde, G., Armstrong, R., Phillips, D., Joy, S., Costa, J., Facatino, M., Posser, A., Kumar, M., Wallace, C., Chinn, I., Henning, A.Kimberlites from central Angola: a case study of exploration findings.Proceedings of the 10th. International Kimberlite Conference, Vol. 2, pp. 173-190.Africa, AngolaExploration - kimberlites
DS201412-0474
2014
Korolev, N.M., Marin, Y.B., Nikitina, L.P., Zinchenko, V.N., Chissupa, H.M.High Nb rutile from upper mantle eclogite xenoliths of the diamond bearing kimberlite pipe, Catoca ( Angola).Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 454, 1, pp. 50-53.Africa, AngolaDeposit - Catoca
DS201412-0501
2014
Le Roux, T., Steenkamp, B.Airborne geophysical characteristics of a few Angolan kimberlites.GSSA Kimberley Diamond Symposium and Trade Show provisional programme, Sept. 12, title onlyAfrica, AngolaGeophysics
DS201412-0829
2014
Simakov, S.K.Calculation of the equilibrium C-O-H fluid for ilmenite xenocrysts and estimation of diamond potential.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 458, 1, pp. 1171-1173.Russia, Africa, AngolaIlmenite
DS201412-0997
2014
Yambissa, M.T., Bingham, P.A., Forder, S.D.Mantle conditions and geochemical environment as controls of diamond survival and grade variation in kimberlitic diamond deposits: Lunda Province NE Angola.30th. International Conference on Ore Potential of alkaline, kimberlite and carbonatite magmatism. Sept. 29-, http://alkaline2014.comAfrica, AngolaDiamond grade
DS201507-0324
2015
Marques de Morais, R.Blood diamonds: torture and corruption in Angola. IN ENGLISH publ originally in Portugal in 2011.Diamonds.net, English translation 156p. Pdf availableAfrica, AngolaBook
DS201509-0387
2015
Campeny, M., Kamenetsky, V.S., Melgarejo, J.C., Mangas, J., Manuel, J., Alfonso, P., Kamenetsky, M.B., Bambi, A.C.J.M., Goncalves, A.O.Carbonatitic lavas in CatAnd a ( Kwanza Sul, Angola): mineralogical and geochemical constraints on the parental melt.Lithos, Vol. 232, pp. 1-11.Africa, AngolaCarbonatite

Abstract: A set of small volcanic edifices with tuff ring and maar morphologies occur in the Catanda area, which is the only locality with extrusive carbonatites reported in Angola. Four outcrops of carbonatite lavas have been identified in this region and considering the mineralogical, textural and compositional features, we classify them as: silicocarbonatites (1), calciocarbonatites (2) and secondary calciocarbonatites produced by the alteration of primary natrocarbonatites (3). Even with their differences, we interpret these lava types as having been a single carbonatite suite related to the same parental magma. We have also estimated the composition of the parental magma from a study of melt inclusions hosted in magnetite microphenocrysts from all of these lavas. Melt inclusions revealed the presence of 13 different alkali-rich phases (e.g., nyerereite, shortite, halite and sylvite) that argues for an alkaline composition of the Catanda parental melts. Mineralogical, textural, compositional and isotopic features of some Catanda lavas are also similar to those described in altered natrocarbonatite localities worldwide such as Tinderet or Kerimasi, leading to our conclusion that the formation of some Catanda calciocarbonatite lavas was related to the occurrence of natrocarbonatite volcanism in this area. On the other hand, silicocarbonatite lavas, which are enriched in periclase, present very different mineralogical, compositional and isotopic features in comparison to the rest of Catanda lavas. We conclude that its formation was probably related to the decarbonation of primary dolomite bearing carbonatites.
DS201601-0030
2015
Mining MagazineWenco systems to run at Catoca.Mining Magazine, Dec. 14, 1/4p.Africa, AngolaMining - Catoca
DS201602-0223
2015
Masse, P., Laurent, O.Geological exploration of Angola from Sumbe to Namibe: a review at the frontier between geology, natural resources and the history of geology.Comptes Rendus Geoscience, in press available 9p.Africa, AngolaCoast - Angola

Abstract: This paper provides a review of the Geological exploration of the Angola Coast (from Sumbe to Namibe) from pioneer's first geological descriptions and mining inventory to the most recent publications supported by the oil industry. We focus our attention on the following periods: 1875-1890 (Paul Choffat's work, mainly), 1910-1949 (first maps at country scale), 1949-1974 (detailed mapping of the Kwanza-Namibe coastal series), 1975-2000, with the editing of the last version of the Angola geological map at 1:1 million scale and the progressive completion of previous works. Since 2000, there is a renewal in geological fieldwork publications on the area mainly due to the work of university teams. This review paper thus stands at the frontier between geology, natural resources and the history of geology. It shows how geological knowledge has progressed in time, fueled by economic and scientific reasons.
DS201604-0597
2016
Castilo-Oliver, M., Gali, S., Melgarejo, J.C., Griffin, W.L., Belousova, E., Pearson, N.J., Watangua, M., O'Reilly, S.Y.Trace element geochemistry and U-Pb dating of perovskite in kimberlites of the Lunda Norte province ( NE Angola): petrogenetic and tectonic implications.Chemical Geology, Vol. 426, pp. 118-134.Africa, AngolaGeochronology

Abstract: Perovskite (CaTiO3) has become a very useful mineral for dating kimberlite eruptions, as well as for constraining the compositional evolution of a kimberlitic magma and its source. Despite the undeniable potential of such an approach, no similar study had been done in Angola, the fourth largest diamond producer in Africa. Here we present the first work of in situ U-Pb geochronology and Sr-Nd isotope analyses of perovskite in six Angolan kimberlites, supported by a detailed petrographic and geochemical study of their perovskite populations. Four types of perovskite were identified, differing in texture, major- and trace-element composition, zoning patterns, type of alteration and the presence or absence of inclusions. Primary groundmass perovskite is classified either as anhedral, Na-, Nb- and LREE-poor perovskite (Ia); or euhedral, strongly zoned, Na-, Nb- and LREE-rich perovskite (Ib). Secondary perovskite occurs as reaction rims on ilmenite (IIa) or as high Nb (up to 10.6 wt% Nb2O5) perovskite rims on primary perovskite (IIb). The occurrence of these four types within the Mulepe kimberlites is interpreted as an evidence of a complex, multi-stage process that involved mingling of compositionally different melts. U-Pb dating of these perovskites yielded Lower Cretaceous ages for four of the studied kimberlites: Mulepe 1 (116.2 ± 6.5 Ma), Mulepe 2 (123.0 ± 3.6 Ma), Calonda (119.5 ± 4.3 Ma) and Cat115 (133 ± 10 Ma). Kimberlite magmatism occurred in NE Angola likely due to reactivation of deep-seated translithospheric faults (> 300 km) during the break-up of Gondwana. Sr-Nd isotope analyses of four of these kimberlites indicate that they are Group I kimberlites, which is consistent with the petrological observations.
DS201605-0819
2016
Castillo-Oliver, M., Gali, S., Melgarejo, J.C., Griffin, W.L., Belousova, E., Pearson, N.J., Watangua, M., O'Reilly, S.Y.Trace element geochemistry and U-Pb dating of perovskite in kimberlites of the Lunda Norte province ( NE Angola): petrogenetic and tectonic implications.Chemical Geology, Vol. 426, pp. 118-134.Africa, AngolaDeposit - Alto Cuilo

Abstract: Perovskite (CaTiO3) has become a very usefulmineral for dating kimberlite eruptions, aswell as for constraining the compositional evolution of a kimberlitic magma and its source. Despite the undeniable potential of such an approach, no similar study had been done in Angola, the fourth largest diamond producer in Africa. Here we present the firstwork of in situ U-Pb geochronology and Sr-Ndisotope analyses of perovskite in six Angolan kimberlites, supported by a detailed petrographic and geochemical study of their perovskite populations. Four types of perovskitewere identified, differing in texture,major- and trace-element composition, zoning patterns, type of alteration and the presence or absence of inclusions. Primary groundmass perovskite is classified either as anhedral, Na-, Nb- and LREE-poor perovskite (Ia); or euhedral, strongly zoned, Na-, Nb- and LREE-rich perovskite (Ib). Secondary perovskite occurs as reaction rims on ilmenite (IIa) or as high Nb (up to 10.6 wt% Nb2O5) perovskite rims on primary perovskite (IIb). The occurrence of these four types within the Mulepe kimberlites is interpreted as an evidence of a complex, multi-stage process that involved mingling of compositionally different melts. U-Pb dating of these perovskites yielded Lower Cretaceous ages for four of the studied kimberlites: Mulepe 1 (116.2±6.5Ma),Mulepe 2 (123.0±3.6Ma), Calonda (119.5±4.3 Ma) and Cat115 (133±10Ma). Kimberlite magmatism occurred in NE Angola likely due to reactivation of deep-seated translithospheric faults (N300 km) during the break-up of Gondwana. Sr-Nd isotope analyses of four of these kimberlites indicate that they are Group I kimberlites, which is consistent with the petrological observations.
DS201610-1847
2014
Boshoff, E.T.Identifying critical parameters in the settling of African kimberlite slimes.Thesis, University of Pretoria, Ms Metallurgical Engineering 279p. PdfAfrica, Angola, South AfricaDeposit - AC 56-5-1, Venetia Red

Abstract: Kimberlite is the host rock from which diamonds are mined. The mineralogical features for kimberlites vary greatly with country, origin, depth and type of kimberlite. Kimberlites can contain various clay species with some kimberlites containing predominantly clay minerals. The presence of these clay minerals in the ore can cause difficulty in dewatering due to high flocculant demand, poor supernatant clarity and low settling rates. Identifying critical parameters that can predict the settling behaviour of African kimberlite slurries will assist the process engineer to predict the settling behaviour of different kimberlite slurries. Especially identifying the kimberlites that will most likely not settle with normal flocculant dosage rates is useful. From first principles the settling of a particle is described by Stoke’s law which incorporates the density of the particle and size of the particle as the inherent particle variables. In this case density is assumed constant and therefore the size of particles influence the settling rate of particles to a great extent. This study therefore investigated the influence of particle size on settling rate and whether the particle size distribution showed correlation with settling rate when regression modelling was fitted on the data. Other variables that were tested for correlation with settling were pH when the kimberlite is mixed in water as well as various mineralogical features of the ore. Fitting a simple model to any of these properties or combinations of these properties was attempted which would allow for prediction of settling behaviour. The mineralogical features were classified by evaluating the mineral composition, fractional elemental analysis, cation exchange capacity and the exchangeable sodium percentage of the different kimberlites. These variables were tested as well as their settling behaviour with 18 different African kimberlite samples. The settling rate and slurry bed compaction during natural settling as well coagulant and flocculant assisted settling were measured for the kimberlite slurries. The best performing coagulant and flocculant for each kimberlite were combined to evaluate potential improvements in the settling rates and slurry bed compaction compared to current settling practices that only utilise flocculant additions. Especially the use of coagulant for kimberlites that did not show settling with only flocculants was evaluated. For these 18 kimberlites only 2 kimberlites did not settle with the use of flocculants with settling rates varying between 10.7m/h and 25m/h. Both these kimberlites also did not settle with the combination of coagulant and flocculant, but could only settle with only coagulant additions at settling rates of 1.9 m/h and 2.2 m/h. Regression analysis fitted to the settling rate investigated the influence of particle size, pH and mineralogical features on settling. For representation of the particle size two data points from the Particle Size Distribution (PSD) was utilised which represented the fine material and the coarser material. These two data points were taken at percentage passing 7.5 ?m and 75 ?m. Regression data for kimberlite with flocculant additions showed that particle size and the pH of the slurry were identified as significant parameters in predicting settling. The regression data showed a R2 of 0.78 for the settling rate and an adjusted R2 of 0.79 for the slurry bed depth.
DS201611-2115
2016
Jennings, E.S., Gibson, S.A., Maclennan, J., Heinonen, J.S.Deep mantle melts beneath continental flood basalt provinces: constraints from olivine hosted melt inclusions in primitive magmas.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 196, pp. 36-57.Africa, Namibia, AngolaParan-Etendeka, Karoo

Abstract: We present major and trace element compositions of 154 re-homogenised olivine-hosted melt inclusions found in primitive rocks (picrites and ferropicrites) from the Mesozoic Parana ´-Etendeka and Karoo Continental Flood Basalt (CFB) provinces. The major element compositions of the melt inclusions, especially their Fe/Mg ratios, are variable and erratic, and attributed to the re-homogenisation process during sample preparation. In contrast, the trace element compositions of both the picrite and ferropicrite olivine-hosted melt inclusions are remarkably uniform and closely re?ect those of the host whole-rocks, except in a small subset a?ected by hydrothermal alteration. The Parana ´-Etendeka picrites and ferropicrites are petrogenet- ically related to the more evolved and voluminous ?ood basalts, and so we propose that compositional homogeneity at the melt inclusion scale implies that the CFB parental mantle melts were well mixed prior to extensive crystallisation. The incompatible trace element homogeneity of olivine-hosted melt inclusions in Parana ´-Etendeka and Karoo primitive magmatic rocks has also been identi?ed in other CFB provinces and contrasts with ?ndings from studies of basalts from mid- ocean ridges (e.g. Iceland and FAMOUS on the Mid Atlantic Ridge), where heterogeneity of incompatible trace elements in olivine-hosted melt inclusions is more pronounced. We suggest that the low variability in incompatible trace element contents of olivine-hosted melt inclusions in near-primitive CFB rocks, and also ocean island basalts associated with moderately thick lithosphere (e.g. Hawaii, Gala ´pagos, Samoa), may re?ect mixing along their longer transport pathways during ascent and/or a temperature contrast between the liquidus and the liquid when it arrives in the crust. These thermal paths promote mixing of mantle melts prior to their entrapment by growing olivine crystals in crustal magma chambers. Olivine-hosted melt inclusions of ferropicrites from the Parana ´-Etendeka and Karoo CFB have the least variable compositions of all global melt inclusion suites, which may be a function of their unusually deep origin and low viscosity.
DS201701-0037
2016
Walker, R.T., Telfer, M., Kahle, R.L., Dee, M.W., Kahle, J-L., Schwenninger, J-L., Sloan, R.A., Watts, A.B.Rapid mantle driven uplift along the Angolan margin in the Quaternary.Nature Geoscience, Vol. 9, pp. 909-914.Africa, AngolaTectonics

Abstract: Mantle flow can cause the Earth’s surface to uplift and subside, but the rates and durations of these motions are, in general, poorly resolved due to the difficulties in making measurements of relatively small vertical movements (hundreds of metres) over sufficiently large distances (about 1,000?km). Here we examine the effect of mantle upwelling through a study of Quaternary uplift along the coast of Angola. Using both optically stimulated luminescence on sediment grains, and radiocarbon dating of fossil shells, we date a 25?m coastal terrace at about 45 thousand years old, when sea level was about 75?m lower than today, indicating a rapid uplift rate of 1.8-2.6?mm?yr?1 that is an order of magnitude higher than previously obtained rates averaged over longer time periods. Automated extraction and correlation of coastal terrace remnants from digital topography uncovers a symmetrical uplift with diameter of more than 1,000?km. The wavelength and relatively short timescale of the uplift suggest that it is associated with a mantle process, possibly convective upwelling, and that the topography may be modulated by rapid short-lived pulses of mantle-derived uplift. Our study shows that stable continental regions far from the effects of glacial rebound may experience rapid vertical displacements of several millimetres per year.
DS201701-0038
2016
White, N.Surface sculpting by hidden agents.Nature Geoscience, Vol. 9, pp. 867-9.Africa, AngolaTectonics

Abstract: Tectonic plate interiors are often regarded as relatively inactive. Yet, reconstructions of marine terrace uplift in Angola suggest that underlying mantle flow can rapidly warp Earth's surface far from obviously active plate boundaries.
DS201702-0246
2017
Ustinov, V.Diamond potential of Angola: results of co-operation of Alrosa and Endiama.PDAC 2017, March 6, 1p. AbstractAfrica, AngolaExploration review
DS201708-1612
2017
Castillo Oliver, M.Metasomatism evolution of the SCLM beneath the Lunda Norte province ( NE Angola).11th. International Kimberlite Conference, PosterAfrica, Angolametasomatism
DS201708-1697
2017
Korolev, N.Origin of upper mantle eclogites from the Catoca pipe, (N-E Angola).11th. International Kimberlite Conference, PosterAfrica, Angoladeposit - Catoca
DS201708-1734
2017
Pervov, V.Catoca kimberlite pipe diatreme/crater transition and dynamics of the crater sedimentation.11th. International Kimberlite Conference, PosterAfrica, Angoladeposit - Catoca
DS201708-1782
2017
Ustinov, V.Kimberlite field of Angola: structural control and diamond presence.11th. International Kimberlite Conference, PosterAfrica, Angoladeposit - Angola
DS201709-1989
2017
Giuliani, A., et al.Southwestern Africa on the burner: Pleistocene carbonatite volcanism linked to mantle upwelling in Angola. CatandaGoldschmidt Conference, abstract 1p.Africa, Angolacarbonatite, Catanda

Abstract: The origin of intraplate carbonatitic to alkaline volcanism in Africa is controversial. A tectonic control, i.e., decompression melting associated with far-field stress, is suggested by correlation with lithospheric sutures, repeated magmatic cycles in the same areas over several million years, synchronicity across the plate, and lack of clear age progression patterns. Conversely, a dominant role for mantle convection is supported by the coincidence of Cenozoic volcanism with regions of lithospheric uplift, positive free-air gravity anomalies, and slow seismic velocities. To improve constraints on the genesis of African volcanism, here we report the first radiometric and isotopic results for the Catanda complex, which hosts the only extrusive carbonatites in Angola. Apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He and phlogopite 40Ar/39Ar ages of Catanda aillikite lavas indicate eruption at ca. 500–800 ka, more than 100 m.y. after emplacement of abundant kimberlites and carbonatites in this region. The lavas share similar high-? (HIMU)–like Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope compositions with other young mantle-derived volcanics from Africa (e.g., Northern Kenya Rift; Cameroon Line). The position of the Catanda complex in the Lucapa corridor, a long-lived extensional structure, suggests a possible tectonic control for the volcanism. The complex is also located on the Bié Dome, a broad region of fast Pleistocene uplift attributed to mantle upwelling. Seismic tomography models indicate convection of deep hot material beneath regions of active volcanism in Africa, including a large area encompassing Angola and northern Namibia. This is strong evidence that intraplate late Cenozoic volcanism, including the Catanda complex, resulted from the interplay between mantle convection and preexisting lithospheric heterogeneities.
DS201710-2263
2012
Robles-Cruz, S.E., Melgarejo, J.C., Gali, S., Escayola, M.Major and trace element compositions of indicator minerals that occur as macro and megacrysts, and of xenoliths, from kimberlites in northeastern Angola.Minerals NOTE Date, Vol. 2, pp. 318-337.Africa, Angoladeposits - Tchiuzo, Anomaly 116, Catoca, Alt Cuilo-4, Cuilo-63, Cucumbi-79.

Abstract: In this study, we compare the major- and trace-element compositions of olivine, garnet, and clinopyroxene that occur as single crystals (142 grains), with those derived from xenoliths (51 samples) from six kimberlites in the Lucapa area, northeastern Angola: Tchiuzo, Anomaly 116, Catoca, Alto Cuilo-4, Alto Cuilo-63 and Cucumbi-79. The samples were analyzed using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The results suggest different paragenetic associations for these kimberlites in the Lucapa area. Compositional overlap in some of the macrocryst and mantle xenolith samples indicates a xenocrystic origin for some of those macrocrysts. The presence of mantle xenocrysts suggests the possibility of finding diamond. Geothermobarometric calculations were carried out using EPMA data from xenoliths by applying the program PTEXL.XLT. Additional well calibrated single-clinopyroxene thermobarometric calculations were also applied. Results indicate the underlying mantle experienced different equilibration conditions. Subsequent metasomatic enrichment events also support a hypothesis of different sources for the kimberlites. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the petrogenetic evolution of the kimberlites in northeastern Angola and have important implications for diamond exploration.
DS201711-2506
2017
Castillo-Oliver, M., Melgarejo, J.C., Gali, S., Pervov, V., Goncalves, A.O., Griffin, W.L., Pearson, N.J., O'Reilly, S.Y.Use and misuse of Mg- and Mn- rich ilmenite in diamond exploration: a petrographic and trace element approach. Congo-Kasai cratonLithos, Vol. 292-293, pp. 348-363.Africa, Angoladeposit - CAT115, Tchiuzo

Abstract: Magnesian ilmenite is a common kimberlite indicator mineral, although its use in diamond exploration is still controversial. Complex crystallisation and replacement processes have been invoked to explain the wide compositional and textural ranges of ilmenite found in kimberlites. This work aims to shed light on these processes, as well as their implications for diamond exploration. Petrographic studies were combined for the first time with both major- and trace-element analyses to characterise the ilmenite populations found in xenoliths and xenocrysts in two Angolan kimberlites (Congo-Kasai craton). A multi-stage model describes the evolution of ilmenite in these pipes involving: i) crystallisation of ferric and Mg-rich ilmenite either as metasomatic phases or as megacrysts, both in crustal and in metasomatised mantle domains; ii) kimberlite entrainment and xenolith disaggregation producing at least two populations of ilmenite nodules differing in composition; iii) interaction of both types with the kimberlitic magma during eruption, leading to widespread replacement by Mg-rich ilmenite along grain boundaries and fractures. This process produced similar major-element compositions in ilmenites regardless of their primary (i.e., pre-kimberlitic) origin, although the original enrichment in HFSE (Zr, Hf, Ta, Nb) observed in Fe3 +-rich xenocrysts is preserved. Finally (iv) formation of secondary Mn-ilmenite by interaction with a fluid of carbonatitic affinity or by infiltration of a late hydrothermal fluid, followed in some cases by subsolidus alteration in an oxidising environment. The complexities of ilmenite genesis may lead to misinterpretation of the diamond potential of a kimberlite during the exploration stage if textural and trace-element information is disregarded. Secondary Mg-enrichment of ilmenite xenocrysts is common and is unrelated to reducing conditions that could favour diamond formation/preservation in the mantle. Similarly, Mn-rich ilmenite should be disregarded as a diamond indicator mineral, unless textural studies can prove its primary origin.
DS201711-2512
2017
Foulger, G.R.Origin of the South Atlantic igneous province. ( Lucapa zone)Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, in press available, 19p.Africa, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congocarbonatites

Abstract: The South Atlantic Igneous Province comprises the Paraná Basalts, Rio Grande Rise, Tristan archipelago and surrounding guyot province,Walvis Ridge, Etendeka basalts and, in somemodels, the alkaline igneous lineament in the Lucapa corridor, Angola. Although these volcanics are often considered to have a single generic origin, complexities that suggest otherwise are observed. The Paraná Basalts erupted ~5 Ma before sea-floor spreading started in the neighborhood, and far more voluminous volcanic margins were emplaced later. A continental microcontinent likely forms much of the Rio Grande Rise, and variable styles of volcanism built the Walvis Ridge and the Tristan da Cunha archipelago and guyot province. Such complexities, coupled with the northward-propagating mid-ocean ridge crossing amajor transverse transtensional intracontinental structure, suggest that fragmentation of Pangaea was complex at this latitude and that the volcanism may have occurred in response to distributed extension. The alternative model, a deep mantle plume, is less able to account for many observations and no model variant can account for all the primary features that include eruption of the Paraná Basalts in a subsiding basin, continental breakup by rift propagation that originated far to the south, the absence of a time-progressive volcanic chain between the Paraná Basalts and the Rio Grande Rise, derivation of the lavas from different sources, and the lack of evidence for a plume conduit in seismic-tomography- and magnetotelluric images. The region shares many common features with the North Atlantic Igneous Province which also features persistent, widespread volcanismwhere a propagating mid-ocean ridge crossed a transverse structural discontinuity in the disintegrating supercontinent.
DS201801-0017
2017
Giuliani, A., Campeny, M., Kamenetsky, V.S., Afonso, J.C., Maas, R., Melgarejo, J.C., Kohn, B.P., Matchen, E.L., Mangas, J., Goncalves, A.O., Manuel, J.Southwestern Africa on the burner: Pleistocene carbonatite volcanism linked to deep mantle upwelling in Angola.Geology, Vol. 45, 11, pp. 971=974.Africa, Angolacarbonatite - Catanda

Abstract: The origin of intraplate carbonatitic to alkaline volcanism in Africa is controversial. A tectonic control, i.e., decompression melting associated with far-field stress, is suggested by correlation with lithospheric sutures, repeated magmatic cycles in the same areas over several million years, synchronicity across the plate, and lack of clear age progression patterns. Conversely, a dominant role for mantle convection is supported by the coincidence of Cenozoic volcanism with regions of lithospheric uplift, positive free-air gravity anomalies, and slow seismic velocities. To improve constraints on the genesis of African volcanism, here we report the first radiometric and isotopic results for the Catanda complex, which hosts the only extrusive carbonatites in Angola. Apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He and phlogopite 40Ar/39Ar ages of Catanda aillikite lavas indicate eruption at ca. 500-800 ka, more than 100 m.y. after emplacement of abundant kimberlites and carbonatites in this region. The lavas share similar high-? (HIMU)-like Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope compositions with other young mantle-derived volcanics from Africa (e.g., Northern Kenya Rift; Cameroon Line). The position of the Catanda complex in the Lucapa corridor, a long-lived extensional structure, suggests a possible tectonic control for the volcanism. The complex is also located on the Bié Dome, a broad region of fast Pleistocene uplift attributed to mantle upwelling. Seismic tomography models indicate convection of deep hot material beneath regions of active volcanism in Africa, including a large area encompassing Angola and northern Namibia. This is strong evidence that intraplate late Cenozoic volcanism, including the Catanda complex, resulted from the interplay between mantle convection and preexisting lithospheric heterogeneities.
DS201802-0238
2018
Garzanti, E., Dinis, P., Vermeesch, P., Ando, S., Hahn, A., Huvi, J., Limonta, M., Padoan, M., Resentini, A., Rittner, M., Vezzoli, G.Sedimentary processes controlling ultralong cells of littoral transport: placer formation and termination of the Orange sand highway in southern Angola.Sedimentology, Vol. 65, 2, pp. 431-460.Africa, Angolaplacers, alluvials

Abstract: This study focuses on the causes, modalities and obstacles of sediment transfer in the longest cell of littoral sand drift documented on Earth so far. Sand derived from the Orange River is dragged by swell waves and persistent southerly winds to accumulate in four successive dunefields in coastal Namibia to Angola. All four dunefields are terminated by river valleys, where aeolian sand is flushed back to the ocean; and yet sediment transport continues at sea, tracing an 1800 km long submarine sand highway. Sand drift would extend northward to beyond the Congo if the shelf did not become progressively narrower in southern Angola, where drifting sand is funnelled towards oceanic depths via canyon heads connected to river mouths. Garnet-magnetite placers are widespread along this coastal stretch, indicating systematic loss of the low-density feldspatho-quartzose fraction to the deep ocean. More than half of Moçamedes Desert sand is derived from the Orange River, and the rest in similar proportions from the Cunene River and from the Swakop and other rivers draining the Damara Orogen in Namibia. The Orange fingerprint, characterized by basaltic rock fragments, clinopyroxene grains and bimodal zircon-age spectra with peaks at ca 0•5 Ga and ca 1•0 Ga, is lost abruptly at Namibe, and beach sands further north have abundant feldspar, amphibole-epidote suites and unimodal zircon-age spectra with a peak at ca 2•0 Ga, documenting local provenance from Palaeoproterozoic basement. Along with this oblique-rifted continental margin, beach placers are dominated by Fe-Ti-Cr oxides with more monazite than garnet and thus have a geochemical signature sharply different from beach placers found all the way along the Orange littoral cell. High-resolution mineralogical studies allow us to trace sediment dispersal over distances of thousands of kilometres, providing essential information for the correct reconstruction of ‘source to sink’ relationships in hydrocarbon exploration and to predict the long-term impact of man-made infrastructures on coastal sediment budgets.
DS201802-0256
2017
Nikitina, L.P., Bogomolov, E.S., Kyrmsky, R.Sh., Belyatsky, B.V., Korolev, N.M., Zinchenko, V.N.Nd Sr Os systems of eclogites in the lithospheric mantle of the Kasai Craton ( Angola).Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 58, pp. 1305-1316.Africa, Angolaeclogites

Abstract: We studied the Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr, and Re-Os isotope compositions of mantle xenoliths (eclogites and peridotites) from diamondiferous kimberlites of the Catoca cluster of the Kasai Craton. In the eclogites, the primary strontium isotope composition 87Sr/86Sr varies from 0.7056 to 0.7071, and the neodymium isotope composition eNd, from 1.8 to 2.6. The 187Re/188Os and 187Os/188Os ratios range from 135 to 80 and from 1.3110 to 1.9709, respectively, which indicates a significant portion of radiogenic Os: yOs = 129-147. These isotope values exceed the values assumed for model reservoirs (primitive upper mantle (PUM) and bulk silicate Earth (BSE)) and those of chondrites. The isotope composition of the studied systems indicates the formation of eclogites from a rhenium-enriched source, namely, the subducted oceanic crust transformed as a result of metasomatism and/or melting under upper-mantle conditions.
DS201802-0272
2017
Ustinov, V.N.Conditions of formation of Mesozoic and Cenozoic diamond bearing rocks of north eastern Angola. ***IN RUSOtechestvennaya Geologiya ***IN RUS, No. 6, pp. 40-51. pdfAfrica, Angolakimberlite - pipes, placers, alluvials
DS201802-0273
2017
Ustinov, V.N.Lithological stratigraphic dissection and mineral composition of Mesozoic and Cenozoic diamond bearing rocks of the north eastern Angola. ***IN RUSOres and Metals ***IN RUS, no. 4, pp. 76-84. pdfAfrica, Angolakimberlite - stratigraphy
DS201802-0283
2017
Zagainy, A.K., Mikoev, I.L., Ustinov, V.N., Feijo, A., Antonov, S.A.Structural tectonic and geophysical premises of kimberlites localization on the territory of Angola. ***IN RUSOres and Metals ***IN RUS, no. 4, pp. 42-49. pdfAfrica, Angolakimberlite - pipes
DS201803-0439
2006
Correia Eugenio, A., Laiginhas-Fernando, A.T.P.Garnets from the Camafuca Camazambo kimberlite.Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencas, Vol. 78, 2, pp. 309-315.Africa, Angoladeposit - Camafuca

Abstract: This work presents a geochemical study of a set of garnets, selected by their colors, from the Camafuca-Camazambo kimberlite, located on northeast Angola. Mantle-derived garnets were classified according to the scheme proposed by Grütter et al. (2004) and belong to the G1, G4, G9 and G10 groups. Both sub-calcic (G10) and Ca-saturated (G9) garnets, typical, respectively, of harzburgites and lherzolites, were identified. The solubility limit of knorringite molecule in G10D garnets suggests they have crystallized at a minimum pressure of about 40 to 45 kbar (4-4.5 GPa). The occurrence of diamond stability field garnets (G10D) is a clear indicator of the potential of this kimberlite for diamond. The chemistry of the garnets suggests that the source for the kimberlite was a lherzolite that has suffered a partial melting that formed basaltic magma, leaving a harzburgite as a residue.
DS201807-1478
2018
Bournas, N., Prikhodko, A., Plastow, G., Legault, J., Polianichko, V., Treshchev, S.Exploring for kimberlite pipes in the Cuango area, Angola using helicopter-borne EM survey.AEM2018/7th International Workshop on Airborne electromagnetics, Held June 17-20, 4p.Africa, Angolageophysics - TEM
DS201808-1757
2018
Kertsman, V., Moilanen, J., Podmogov, Y.Special place of airborne electromagnetic survey in detailed exploration of kimberlites in the conditions of the Angolan shield. CatocaAEM2018/7th International Workshop on Airborne electromagnetics, Held June 17-20, 3p.Africa, Angolageophysics - EM
DS201808-1784
2012
Robles-Cruz, S., Melgarejo, J.C., Escayola, M.Major and trace element compositions of indicator minerals that occur as macro and megacrysts, and xenoliths from kimberlites in northeastern Angola.Minerals, Vol. 2, 4, ppp. 318-337.Africa, Angolageochemistry

Abstract: In this study, we compare the major- and trace-element compositions of olivine, garnet, and clinopyroxene that occur as single crystals (142 grains), with those derived from xenoliths (51 samples) from six kimberlites in the Lucapa area, northeastern Angola: Tchiuzo, Anomaly 116, Catoca, Alto Cuilo-4, Alto Cuilo-63 and Cucumbi-79. The samples were analyzed using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The results suggest different paragenetic associations for these kimberlites in the Lucapa area. Compositional overlap in some of the macrocryst and mantle xenolith samples indicates a xenocrystic origin for some of those macrocrysts. The presence of mantle xenocrysts suggests the possibility of finding diamond. Geothermobarometric calculations were carried out using EPMA data from xenoliths by applying the program PTEXL.XLT. Additional well calibrated single-clinopyroxene thermobarometric calculations were also applied. Results indicate the underlying mantle experienced different equilibration conditions. Subsequent metasomatic enrichment events also support a hypothesis of different sources for the kimberlites. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the petrogenetic evolution of the kimberlites in northeastern Angola and have important implications for diamond exploration.
DS201809-1998
2018
Boshoff, E.T., Morkel, J., Naude, N.Identifying critical parameters in the settling of African kimberlites. SlurriesMineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, Vol. 39, pp. 136-144.Africa, Angolamineral processing

Abstract: Kimberlite is the host rock of diamonds and varies widely in geological and mineralogical features as well as color, processing capability, and dewatering characteristics. This study investigated the dewatering behavior of problematic Angolan kimberlites. The presence of clay minerals in kimberlite causes difficulties in dewatering due to high flocculant demand, poor supernatant clarity, and low settling rates. Identifying critical parameters governing the settling behavior will assist in managing the settling behavior of different kimberlite slurries. The influence of particle size, pH of the kimberlite slurry, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable sodium percentage, and smectite content of the kimberlite on the settling rate were investigated for 18 different African kimberlite samples. The settling rate and slurry bed compaction during natural settling were also measured for the kimberlite slurries. Seventeen different Angolan clay-rich kimberlites and one South African clay-rich kimberlite were tested, and, except for two kimberlites, colloidal stability was experienced during natural settling. The pH values of the kimberlite slurries ranged between 9 and 11, which is similar to the pH band where colloidal stability was found during earlier research. The results indicate that colloidal stable slurries were experienced with kimberlites that had exchangeable sodium percentages as low as 0.7%. The cation exchange capacity of the various kimberlites differentiated more distinctly between colloidal stability and instability. A new model is proposed whereby clay-rich kimberlites with a cation exchange capacity of more than 10cmol/kg will experience colloidal stability if the pH of the solvent solution is within the prescribed pH range of 9-11.
DS201810-2382
2013
Stiefenhofer, J.The use of chemical and metallurgical parameters to enhance the economic value of kimberlite resource models. The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Diamonds - from source to use 2013, 9p. Pdf researchgateAfrica, Angola, South Africadeposit - Mulepe, Voorspoed

Abstract: Construction of geological models for kimberlites has historically largely been based on visual volcanic textures and features, with chemical data only produced on an ad-hoc basis depending on the level of perceived complexity observed in the geological data. The focus of this manuscript is a high-level mineral resource management view of the impact which the initial absence of proper chemical data had on two kimberlite resource models as well as the increasing magnitude of the problem caused by the lack of chemical data once the resource estimation process commenced. The impact of the absence of chemical data on projects where micro-diamond estimation techniques are employed is also discussed. Metallurgical parameters have historically not been incorporated into kimberlite resource models, but recent work at De Beers Group Services has shown that geostatistical quantification of the DMS (Dense Media Separator) yield is useful for mine planning purposes, and will add value in the understanding of the kimberlite emplacement process. A case study is presented where a geostatistical analysis and conditional simulation was performed on the DMS yield in a kimberlite at a local block scale. These data were used to identify mining blocks where the DMS yield would exceed the capability of the treatment plant.
DS201810-2386
2018
Ustinov, V.N., Bartolomeu, A.M.F., Zagainy, A.K., Felix, J.T., Mikoev, I.I., Stegnitskiy, Y.B., Lobkova, L.P., Kukui, I.M., Nikolaeva, E.V., Antonov. S.A.Kimberlites distribution in Angola and prospective areas for new discoveries.Mineralogy and Petrology, doi.org/10.1007/ s00710-018-0628-1 14p.Africa, Angolakimberlites

Abstract: Based on a comprehensive analysis of kimberlite pipes of Angola, including the near surface structural setting, deep lithospheric structure, pipe morphology and emplacement, mineralogical and petrographic features, diamond characteristics and locations of secondary deposits four geographical regions have been outlined within Angola representing four types of diamond bearing potential. These areas include high diamond bearing potential pipes, possible potential, no potential, and unclear potential areas. It was found that the depth of magmatism and diamond potential of kimberlites increases from the Atlantic coast in southwestern Angola into the continent in the north-easterly direction. Areas prospective for the discovery of new primary diamond deposits have been identified.
DS201812-2823
2018
Jerram, D.A., Sharp, T.H., Torsvik, T.H., Poulson, R., Watton, T.H., Freitag, U., Halton, A., Sherlock, S.C., Malley, J.A.S., Finley, A., Roberge, J., Swart, R., Fabregas, P., Ferreira, C.H., Machado, V.Volcanic constraints on the unzipping of Africa from South America: insights from new geochronological controls alone the Angola margin.Tectonophysics, doi.org/10.1016/ j.tecto.2018.07.027 33p.Africa, Angola, South Americageochronology

Abstract: The breakup of Africa from South America is associated with the emplacement of the Paraná-Etendeka flood basalt province from around 134 Ma and the Tristan da Cunha plume. Yet many additional volcanic events occur that are younger than the main pulse of the Paraná-Etendeka and straddle the rift to drift phases of the main breakup. This contribution reports on new geochronological constraints from the Angolan part of the African Margin. Three coastal and one inland section have been sampled stretching across some 400 Km, with 39Ar/40Ar, U-Pb and Palaeontology used to provide age constraints. Ages from the new data range from ~100 to 81 Ma, with three main events (cr. 100, 91 and 82-81 Ma). Volcanic events are occurring within the Early to Late Cretaceous, along this part of the margin with a general younging towards Namibia. With the constraints of additional age information both onshore and offshore Angola, a clear younging trend at the early stages of rift to drift is recorded in the volcanic events that unzip from North to South. Similar age volcanic events are reported from the Brazilian side of the conjugate margin, and highlight the need to fully incorporate these relatively low volume volcanic pulses into the plate tectonic breakup models of the South Atlantic Margin.
DS201812-2843
2018
Lunina, O., Glaskov, A.S., Gladkochub, D.P., Joao, F., Karpenko, M.A., Felix, J.T., Koshkarev, D.A., Sklyarov, E.The evolution of the crustal stress state of the Catoca kimberlite pipe area, northeastern Angola. IN RUSGeodynamics and Tectonphysics in RUS, Vol. 9, 3, pp. 827-854. only 1 p. english abstractAfrica, Angoladeposit - Catoca

Abstract: This paper presents the first results of the geostructural and tectonophysical studies of the crustal stress state in the Catoca kimberlite pipe area at the southwestern flank of the Kasai Shield in the northeasternAngola. In the evolution of the crustal stress state, six main stages are distinguished by analyzing the displacements of markers, fold hinges, long axes of boudins, granite dikes of various intrusion phases and kimberlites, as well as fractures with striations. For each of these stages, a dominating horizontal tectonic stress and its orientation is identified. During stage 1 (NW extension and shearing) and at the beginning of stage 2 (NW compression), structures formed in the host rocks in brittle-plastic conditions. The replacement of plastic deformation by faulting could occur about 530-510 Ma ago, when the continental crust ofAfricahad completely formed. Stage 3 (radial, mainly NW extension) and stage 4 (shearing, NW extension, and NE compression) were the most important for kimberlite occurrence: in the Early Cretaceous, radial extension was replaced by shearing. Both stages are related to opening of the central segment of theSouth Atlantic. The main kimberlite magmas occurred during the break-up of the Angola-Brazilian segment of Gondwana. In the course of all the four stages, stress was mainly released by the NE- and E-NE-striking faults and, to a lesser extent, by the NW-striking and latitudinal faults. The initial stage of kimberlite magmatism is associated with the NE- and E-NE-striking faults due to the presence of the Precambrian zones of flow and schistosity, which facilitated the NW-trending subhorizontal extension. Stage 5 (NE compression) began in the second half of the Cretaceous and possibly lasted until the end of the Paleogene, and compression occurred mainly along the NW-striking faults. Regionally, it corresponds to two stages of inversion movements in the southern regions of Africa, during which theAngoladome-shaped uplift emerged and the shoulders of the East African rifts began to take shape. Stage 6 (horizontal extension, mainly in the N-NE direction) is related to the processes that took place in the southern segment of theTanganyikarift and the eastern coast of theAtlantic. Based on the results of our studies, it became for the first time possible to get an idea of the main stages in the evolution of the studied region. Further geostructural measurements and dating of the host rocks will provide for a more precise definition of the proposed stages.
DS201901-0080
2018
Smith, E.M., Wang, W.The formation of natural type IIa and IIb diamonds.Gems & Gemology, Sixth International Gemological Symposium Vol. 54, 3, 1p. Abstract p. 274.Africa, South Africa, Angoladeposit - Cullinan, Lulo

Abstract: Many of the world’s largest and most valuable gem diamonds exhibit an unusual set of physical characteristics. For example, in addition to their conspicuously low nitrogen concentrations, diamonds such as the 3,106 ct Cullinan (type IIa) and the Hope (type IIb, boron bearing) tend to have very few or no inclusions, and in their rough state they are found as irregular shapes rather than as sharp octahedral crystals. It has long been suspected that type IIa and IIb diamonds form in a different way than most other diamonds. Over the past two years, systematic investigation of both type IIa and IIb diamonds at GIA has revealed that they sometimes contain rare inclusions from unique geological origins. Examination of more than 130 inclusion-bearing samples has established recurring sets of inclusions that clearly show many of these diamonds originate in the sublithospheric mantle, much deeper in the earth than more common diamonds from the cratonic lithosphere. We now recognize that type IIa diamonds, or more specifically, diamonds with characteristics akin to the historic Cullinan diamond (dubbed CLIPPIR diamonds), are distinguished by the occurrence of ironrich metallic inclusions. Less frequently, CLIPPIR diamonds also contain inclusions of majoritic garnet and former CaSiO3perovskite that constrain the depth of formation to within 360–750 km. The inclusions suggest that CLIPPIR diamonds belong to a unique paragenesis with an intimate link to metallic iron in the deep mantle (Smith et al., 2016, 2017). Similarly, findings from type IIb diamonds also place them in a “superdeep” sublithospheric mantle setting, with inclusions of former CaSiO3 perovskite and other high-pressure minerals, although the iron-rich metallic inclusions are generally absent (Smith et al., 2018). Altogether, these findings show that high-quality type II gem diamonds are predominantly sourced from the sublithospheric mantle, a surprising result that has refuted the notion that all superdeep diamonds are small and nongem quality. Valuable information about the composition and behavior of the deep mantle is cryptically recorded in these diamonds. CLIPPIR diamonds (figure 1) confirm that the deep mantle contains metallic iron, while type IIb diamonds suggest that boron and perhaps water can be carried from the earth’s surface down into the lower mantle by plate tectonic processes. In addition to being gemstones of great beauty, diamonds carry tremendous scientific value in their unique ability to convey information about the interior of our planet.
DS201902-0316
2019
Salminen, J., Hanson, R., Evans, D.A.D., Gong, Z., Larson, T., Walker, O., Gumsley, A., Soderlund, U., Ernst, R.Direct Mesoproterozoic connection of the Congo and Kalahari cratons in proto-Africa: strange attractors across supercontinental cycles.Geology, Vol. 46, pp. 1101-1104.Africa, Angola, Namibiacraton

Abstract: Mobilistic plate-tectonic interpretation of Precambrian orogens requires that two conjoined crustal blocks may derive from distant portions of the globe. Nonetheless, many proposed Precambrian cratonic juxtapositions are broadly similar to those of younger times (so-called “strange attractors”), raising the specter of bias in their construction. We evaluated the possibility that the Congo and Kalahari cratons (Africa) were joined together prior to their amalgamation along the Damara-Lufilian-Zambezi orogen in Cambrian time by studying diabase dikes of the Huila-Epembe swarm and sills in the southern part of the Congo craton in Angola and in Namibia. We present geologic, U-Pb geochronologic, and paleomagnetic evidence showing that these two cratons were directly juxtaposed at ca. 1.1 Ga, but in a slightly modified relative orientation compared to today. Recurring persistence in cratonic connections, with slight variations from one supercontinent to the next, may signify a style of supercontinental transition similar to the northward motion of Gondwana fragments across the Tethys-Indian oceanic tract, reuniting in Eurasia.
DS201903-0502
2019
da Silva, B.V., Hackspacher, P.C., Siqueira Riberio, M.C., Glasmacher, U.A., Goncalves, A.O., Doranti-Tiritan, C., de Godoy, D.F., Constantino, R.R.Evolution of the southwestern Angolan margin: episodic burial and exhumation is more realistic than long term denudation.International Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 108, pp. 89-113.Africa, Angolathermochronology

Abstract: There are two main points of view regarding how continental margins evolve. The first one argues that the present-day margins have been developed by long-term denudation since a major exhumation episode, probably driven by rifting or another relevant tectonic event. The second one argues that continental margins underwent alternating burial and exhumation episodes related to crustal tectonic and surface uplift and subsidence. To demonstrate that the proximal domain of the southwestern Angolan margin has evolved in a polycyclic pattern, we present a review of geological and thermochronological information and integrate it with new combined apatite fission-track and (U-Th)/He data from Early Cretaceous volcanic and Precambrian basement samples. We also provide hypotheses on the possible mechanisms able to support the vertical crustal movements of this margin segment, which are also discussed based on some modern rifting models proposed for Central South Atlantic. The central apatite fission-track ages range from 120.6?±?8.9 to 272.9?±?21.6 Ma, with the mean track lengths of approximately 12 µm. The single-grain apatite (U-Th)/He ages vary between 52.2?±?1 and 177.2?±?2.6 Ma. The integration of the thermochronological data set with published geological constraints supports the following time-temperature evolution: (1) heating since the Carboniferous-Permian, (2) cooling onset in the Early Jurassic, (3) heating onset in the Early Cretaceous, (4) cooling onset in the Mid- to Late Cretaceous, (5) heating onset in the Late Cretaceous, and (6) cooling onset in the Oligocene-Miocene. The thermochronological data and the geological constraints, support that the proximal domain of the southwestern Angolan margin was covered in the past by pre-, syn-, and post-rift sediments, which were eroded during succeeding exhumation events. For this margin segment, we show that a development based on long-term denudation is less realistic than one based on burial and exhumation episodes during the last 130 Myr.
DS201904-0750
2019
Jerram, D.A., Sharp, I.R., Torsvik, T.H., Poulsen, R., Machado, V.Volcanic constraints on the unzipping of Africa from South America: insights from new geochronological controls along the Angola margin.Tectonophysics, in press available 27p.Africa, Angola, South Americageochronology

Abstract: The breakup of Africa from South America is associated with the emplacement of the Paraná-Etendeka flood basalt province from around 134?Ma and the Tristan da Cunha plume. Yet many additional volcanic events occur that are younger than the main pulse of the Paraná-Etendeka and straddle the rift to drift phases of the main breakup. This contribution reports on new geochronological constraints from the Angolan part of the African Margin. Three coastal and one inland section have been sampled stretching across some 400?Km, with 39Ar/40Ar, U-Pb and Palaeontology used to provide age constraints. Ages from the new data range from ~100 to 81?Ma, with three main events (cr. 100, 91 and 82-81?Ma). Volcanic events are occurring within the Early to Late Cretaceous, along this part of the margin with a general younging towards Namibia. With the constraints of additional age information both onshore and offshore Angola, a clear younging trend at the early stages of rift to drift is recorded in the volcanic events that unzip from North to South. Similar age volcanic events are reported from the Brazilian side of the conjugate margin, and highlight the need to fully incorporate these relatively low volume volcanic pulses into the plate tectonic breakup models of the South Atlantic Margin.
DS201906-1342
2019
Robles Cruz, S., Melgarejo, J.C., Gali, S.Revisiting the complexity of kimberlites from northeastern Angola.GAC/MAC annual Meeting, 1p. Abstract p. 166.Africa, Angoladeposit - Catoca

Abstract: The tectonic setting of northeastern Angola was influenced by the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean, which reactivated deep NE-SW-trending faults during the early Cretaceous. The new interpretation of a kimberlitic pulse during the middle of the Aptian and the Albian, which provides precise data on the age of a significant diamond-bearing kimberlite pulse in Angola, will be an important guide in future diamond exploration. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the petrogenetic evolution of the kimberlites in northeastern Angola and have important implications for diamond exploration. Six kimberlite pipes within the Lucapa structure in northeastern Angola have been investigated using major and trace element geochemistry of mantle xenoliths, macro- and megacrysts. Geothermobarometric calculations were carried out using xenoliths and well-calibrated single crystals of clinopyroxene. Geochronological and isotopic studies were also performed where there were samples available of sufficient quality. Results indicate that the underlying mantle experienced variable conditions of equilibration among the six sites. Subsequent metasomatic enrichment events also support a hypothesis of different sources for these kimberlites. The U/Th values suggest at least two different sources of zircon crystals from the Catoca suite. These different populations may reflect different sources of kimberlitic magma, with some of the grains produced in U- and Th-enriched metasomatized mantle units, an idea consistent with the two populations of zircon identified on the basis of their trace element compositions. This research shows the absence of fresh Mg-rich ilmenite in the Catoca kimberlite (one of the largest bodies of kimberlite in the world), as well as the occurrence of Fe3+-rich ilmenite, do not exclude the presence of diamond in the kimberlite. This is a new insight into the concept of ilmenite and diamond exploration and leads to the conclusion that compositional attributes must be evaluated in light of textural attributes.
DS201907-1571
2019
Rigterink, A.S.Diamonds, Rebel's and Farmer's Best Friend: impact of variation in the price of a lootable, labor-intensive natural resource on the intensity of violent conflict. (alluvials)Journal of Conflict Resolution, May 29, 37p. Pdf.Africa, Sierra Leone, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angolalegal

Abstract: This article investigates the impact of the world price of a “lootable,” labor-intensive natural resource on intensity of violent conflict. Results suggest that a price increase can have opposite effects at different geographical levels of analysis: a decrease in conflict intensity overall in resource-rich countries, but an increase in conflict intensity in resource-rich subnational regions. The article argues that intensity of violence decreases overall due to rising opportunity costs of rebellion but that violence concentrates in resource-rich areas as returns to looting rise. The article introduces a new measure of diamond propensity based on geological characteristics, which is arguably exogenous to conflict and can capture small-scale labor-intensive production better than existing measures. The stated effects are found for secondary diamonds, which are lootable and related to opportunity costs of fighting, but not for primary diamonds, which are neither.
DS202001-0028
2019
Moilanen, J., Pavlov, B., Karshakov, E., Volovitsky, A., Garakoev. A.Airborne geophysical technologies as a basis for diamond field prognoses in regional and state scale.2019 Twelth International Conference Oct 1-3. Moscow, IEEE DOI 11.09/MLSD .2019.8911014Africa, Angola, Russia, Yakutiageophysics

Abstract: We show how to increase the effectiveness of the prognoses of kimberlite bodies by using airborne geophysical technologies. We show the advantages of electromagnetic and magnetic methods for predicting kimberlite pipes. You will see examples of a regional diamond survey in Angola and Siberia.
DS202008-1421
2019
McKechnie, W.F.Diamond exploration and mining in southern Africa: some thoughts on past, current, and possible future trends.The Journal of the Southern African Insitute of Mining and Metallurgy, Vol. 119, Feb, 9p. PdfAfrica, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Angola, DRC, Lesotho, Botswana, eSwatiniproduction

Abstract: Southern Africa is generally thought to be well explored, with only limited potential for major new diamond discoveries. However, Chiadzwa in Zimbabwe and reports of a significant new kimberlite find in Angola are testimony to the dangers attached to an attitude that 'there is nothing left to find'. Since the major discoveries in the central interior of South Africa in the 1870s, diamond exploration in the region has been led by market and political factors that influence the key exploration drivers of opportunity and value proposition. Unexpected new discoveries by new players always impact on existing producers and, from time to time, denial of opportunity through political or protectionist policies has inhibited investment in exploration. Entrepreneurial exploration appetite in southern Africa will be tempered by the potential value equation and security of investment. Overlaid on this, developments in diamond recovery technologies provide opportunity to reinvigorate current mines and old prospects previously considered too difficult or costly to exploit. Position on the cost curve will remain a key factor for survival in an increasingly competitive environment.
DS202009-1655
2020
Roseiro, J., Figueiras, J., Rodrigues, P.C.R., Mateus, A.M.Nb-bearing mineral phases in the Bailundo carbonatite complex ( Angola): implications of Nb geochemistry in metallogenesis.Communicacoes Geologicas *** in PORT, researchgate 7p. PdfAfrica, Angoladeposit - Bailundo

Abstract: Pyrochlore group minerals are common accessory phases in alkaline-carbonatitic complexes, and the most important Nb ore worldwide. Its capacity to embody a wide range of compositions can often provide useful insights in Nb occurrence and concentration processes. In the Bailundo Carbonatitic Complex (BCC, Angola), two major sets of pyrochlore can be distinguished: (1) magmatic/metasomatic pyrochlore in deep carbonatitic rocks, often displaying diffuse textures obliterating primary zoning, with slightly low contents in Nb2O5 (average 50 wt%), and in other chemical components (Ta, U, Na); and (2) supergene pyrochlore in the weathering profile, displaying corroded and bleached patches along microfractures (in some cases, with relics of magmatic pyrochlore), that show higher contents in Nb2O5 (up to 73 wt%), Ba and Pb. Compositional and textural variations recorded in pyrochlore crystals illustrate the geodynamic events that took place in the BCC and contributed to high Nb concentration in the weathering profile, thus being quite useful to distinguish different mineralization types and as Nb-exploration tools.
DS202101-0010
2020
Figueiredo, J.Diamond desire: probing the epistemological entanglements of geology and ethnography at Diamang ( Angola).South African Historical Journal, Vol. 72, 3, pp. 431-460.Africa, Angolahistory

Abstract: In the wake of the Anthropocene there is a growing body of literature questioning the colonial and imperialistic underpinnings of geology, mineralogy and mining sciences. When focused on the African continent, these critiques echo and complement previous analyses of the role that anthropology has played as the ‘handmaiden of colonialism’. This article proposes to liken the two debates by focusing on the ethnographic practices promoted by the Angolan diamond mining company Diamang (1917-1988) during the interwar period. It argues that mineral desire, the greed for mineral resources such as diamonds, copper or gold, was the drive behind the introduction of ethnographic collecting and field-working to the Portuguese colony. The implications of this shift in perspective will be explored regarding the ongoing restitution debate. First, the article demonstrates that the history of the objects collected by Diamang disrupts ‘classic’ readings of the history of Portuguese anthropology focused on ‘disciplinary big men’ and their agendas. Second, it shows how the gathering and interpretation of ethnographic and archaeological data were totally integrated into the extractive apparatus of Diamang. The article then concludes by suggesting that the decolonisation of ethnographic collections must consider their entanglements with mining, geology and mineralogy.
DS202102-0209
2021
Melnik, A.E., Korolev,N.M., Skublov, S.G., Muller, D., LiL, Q-L., Li, X-H.Zircon in mantle eclogite xenoliths: a reviewGeological Magazine, https://doi.org/ 10.1017/ S0016756820001387Africa, Angola, Central African Republic, GabonKasai craton

Abstract: Very few zircon-bearing, kimberlite-hosted mantle eclogite xenoliths have been identified to date; however, the zircon they contain is crucial for our understanding of subcratonic lithospheric mantle evolution and eclogite genesis. In this study, we constrain the characteristics of zircon from mantle eclogite xenoliths based on existing mineralogical and geochemical data from zircons from different geological settings, and on the inferred origin of mantle eclogites. Given the likely origin and subsequent evolution of mantle eclogites, we infer that the xenoliths can contain zircons with magmatic, metamorphic and xenogenic (i.e. kimberlitic zircon) origins. Magmatic zircon can be inherited from low-pressure mafic oceanic crust precursors, or might form during direct crystallization of eclogites from primary mantle-derived melts at mantle pressures. Metamorphic zircon within mantle eclogites has a number of possible origins, ranging from low-pressure hydrothermal alteration of oceanic crustal protoliths to metasomatism related to kimberlite magmatism. This study outlines a possible approach for the identification of inherited magmatic zircon within subduction-related mantle eclogites as well as xenogenic kimberlitic zircon within all types of mantle eclogites. We demonstrate this approach using zircon grains from kimberlite-hosted eclogite xenoliths from the Kasai Craton, which reveals that most, if not all, of these zircons were most likely incorporated as a result of laboratory-based contamination.
DS202103-0403
2021
Ribeiro da Costa, I., Roseiro, J., Figueiras, J., Rodrigues, P.C.R., Mateus, A.Pyrochlore from the Bailundo carbonatite Complex ( Angola): compositional variation and implications to mineral exploration.Journal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 177, 104154, 16p. PdfAfrica, Angoladeposit - Bailundo

Abstract: Pyrochlore is a common accessory in carbonatite rocks and its composition can provide useful insights on petrogenetic and post-magmatic metal-enrichment processes, especially those which favour its occurrence and concentration. Comprehensive compositional and textural characterization of a large set of pyrochlores from the Bailundo Carbonatite Complex (SW Angola) and associated surface rocks was the basis to (i) evaluate the main effects of metasomatism and weathering as causes of metal leaching or concentration; and (ii) assess pyrochlore compositions as potential petrogenetic or metallogenetic tools, with particular emphasis on pyrochlore enrichment in economic components, such as Ta, REE, U, Th and Pb, during weathering processes. Unweathered fluor- and hydroxyl-calciopyrochlores from deep-seated carbonatitic rocks (provided by a 600 m-deep drill-core) often present high Ta/Nb ratios, as well as high U and Th contents, and comparatively low overall REE concentrations. Metasomatic effects are not easy to assess, given the extreme compositional variability of these pyrochlores. On the other hand, some systematic trends can be established in pyrochlores from weathered surface rocks: these pyrochlores usually show strong depletion in most A-site cations (e.g., Na, Ca, U), and clear enrichment in Nb and in large-ion metals (e.g., Ba, Sr, Pb) usually absent in unweathered pyrochlores. REE seem to be relatively immobile and to become concentrated during weathering. Along with some REE phosphates and oxides, pyrochlore is often present in several domains of the weathering profile, occurring in the outcropping weathered carbonatite as well as in the regolith immediately overlying the intrusion. Thus, both the Bailundo carbonatite intrusion and its weathering products, concentrated inside the ridge formed by differential erosion of the fenitic aureole, constitute good exploration targets for Nb (±Ta ± REE). However, future exploration work should also include a 3-D understanding of the chemical and geological processes at work in both geological environments.
DS202103-0404
2020
Roseiro, J., Figueiras, J., Rodrigues, P.C.N., Mateus, A.M. Nb-bearing mineral phases in the Bailiundo carbonatite complex, ( Angola): implications of Nb geochemistry in metallogenesis.Comminocacoes Geologicas ( Researchgate), July, 7p. PdfAfrica, Angoladeposit - Bailundo

Abstract: Pyrochlore group minerals are common accessory phases in many rock types of the Bailundo Carbonatite Complex. These minerals record compositional and textural features that provide useful information regarding their genesis and accumulation, monitoring magmatic, metasomatic and weathering events. In drill core samples, primary compositions (significant Ta and U contents, and relatively low Nb and F values) are found in relict cores of strongly metasomatized pyrochlore grains; irregular patches in pyrochlore rims, typically enriched in F, Na and Nb, reflect fluid alteration fronts. At shallower levels, preserved pyrochlores show well-defined concentric zoning and substantially higher values of F and Nb. In the weathering profile, alteration processes include replacement of F, Na and Ca by Ba, Sr, Pb and H2O. These data suggest the possibility of Nb concentration in late-magmatic fluids as fluoride complexes, and its subsequent mobilization and crystallization in the form of pyrochlore at shallower levels of the Bailundo Carbonatite Complex.
DS202104-0593
2021
Marshall, T., Ward, J.D., de Wit, M.C.Alluvial diamond deposits across Africa - a travelogue.Geological Society of South Africa presentation, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tsWuXo6fB4&t=23sAfrica, Lesotho, Cote d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Angola, South Africa, Ghana, Mauritania, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Swaziland, Mali, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guineaalluvials
DS202109-1471
2019
Hoekstra, Q.Conflict diamonds and the Angolan Civil War (1992-2002).Third World Quarterly, Vol. 40, 7, pp. 1322-1339.Africa, Angolalegal

Abstract: In the early 1990s several rebel groups turned to natural resource extraction to pay for war. A key form of this is rebel diamond production, commonly referred to as conflict diamonds, which is widely perceived as being highly beneficial to insurgent organisations. Yet in the Angolan Civil War (1992-2002), the use of conflict diamonds by the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) resulted in a decisive insurgent defeat. How can this outcome be explained? Offering a nuanced understanding of how conflict diamonds affect civil war, this article shows that although diamonds generated considerable revenue for UNITA, they were not an effective method for them to take on the Angolan government. This was for two reasons: internally, the rebels greatly struggled to convert their diamond proceeds into sufficient goods and services; and externally, it left the group highly vulnerable to international countermeasures in the form of United Nations Security Council sanctions. Natural resource extraction may therefore not be as useful to rebel groups as is frequently believed.
DS202110-1620
2021
Korolev, N., Nikitina, L.P., Goncharov, A.,Dubinina, E., Melnik, A.E., Muller, D., Chen, Y-X., Zinchenko, V.Three types of mantle eclogite from two layers of oceanic crust: a key case of metasomatically- aided transformation of low-to-high-magnesian eclogite.Journal of Petrology, 10.1093/petrology /egab070 98p. PdfAfrica, Angoladeposit - Catoca

Abstract: Reconstructed whole-rock and mineral major- and trace-element compositions, as well as new oxygen isotope data, for 22 mantle eclogite xenoliths from the Catoca pipe (Kasai Craton) were used to constrain their genesis and evolution. On the basis of mineralogical and major-element compositions, the Catoca eclogites can be divided into three groups: high-alumina (high-Al) (kyanite-bearing), low-magnesian (low-Mg#), and high-magnesian (high-Mg#) eclogites. The high-Al Catoca eclogites contain kyanite and corundum; high Al2O3 contents in rock-forming minerals; rare earth element (REE) patterns in garnets showing depleted LREEs, positive Eu anomalies (1.03-1.66), and near-flat HREEs; and high Sr contents in garnets and whole-rock REE compositions. All of these features point to a plagioclase-rich protolith (probably gabbro). Reconstructed whole-rock compositions (major elements, MREEs, HREEs, Li, V, Hf, Y, Zr, and Pb) and ?18O of 5.5-7.4‰ of the low-Mg# Catoca eclogites are in good agreement with the compositions of picrite basalts and average mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB). The depleted LREEs and NMORB-normalised Nd/Yb values of 0.07-0.41 indicate that the degree of partial melting for the majority of the low-Mg# eclogites protolith was ?30%. The narrow ?18O range of 5.5-7.4‰ near the ‘gabbro-basalt’ boundary (6‰) obtained for the high-Al and low-Mg# Catoca eclogites reflects the influence of subduction-related processes. This case shows that mantle eclogites represented by two different lithologies and originating from different protoliths — plagioclase-rich precursor, presumably gabbro (for high-Al eclogites), and basalt (low-Mg# eclogites) — can provide similar and overlapping ?18O signatures on account of the influence of subduction-related processes. Chemical compositions of the high-Mg# eclogites indicate a complicated petrogenesis, and textural signatures reveal recrystallisation. The presence of Nb-rich rutile (8-12 wt% of Nb2O5) enriched with HFSE (Zr/Hf of 72.6-75.6) and multiple trace-element signatures (including reconstructed whole-rock NMORB-normalised Ce/Yb of 3.9-10.6 and Sr/Y of 5.8-9.6, MgO contents of 15.7-17.9 wt%, and high Ba and Sr) provide strong evidence for deep metasomatic alteration. High Cr contents in clinopyroxene (800-3740 ppm), garnet (430-1400 ppm), and accessory rutile (700-2530 ppm), together with extremely low Li contents of 1.0-2.4 ppm in clinopyroxene, may indicate hybridisation of the eclogites with peridotite. Comparison of the chemical compositions (major and trace elements) of (1) unaltered fresh cores of coarse-grained garnets from the low-Mg# eclogites, (2) secondary garnet rims (ubiquitous in the low-Mg# eclogites), (3) proto-cores in the coarse-grained garnet (high-Mg# eclogites), and (4) homogeneous recrystallised fine-grained garnets (high-Mg# eclogites) suggests that the high-Mg# eclogites formed through recrystallisation of low-Mg# eclogite in the presence of an external fluid in the mantle. Four of the five high-Mg# samples show that mantle metasomatism inside the Kasai craton mantle beneath the Catoca pipe occurred at a depth range of 145-160 km (4.5-4.8 GPa).
DS202112-1934
2021
Korolev, N., Nikitina, L.P., Goncharov, A., Dubinina, V.N., Melnik, A., Muller, D., Chen, Y-X., Zinchenko, V.N.Three types of mantle eclogite from two layers of oceanic crust: a key case of metasomatically-aided transformation of low-to-high-magnesian eclogite.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 62, 11, pp. 1-38. pdfAfrica, Angoladeposit - Catoca

Abstract: Reconstructed whole-rock (RWR) and mineral major- and trace-element compositions, as well as new oxygen isotope data, for 22 mantle eclogite xenoliths from the Catoca pipe (Kasai Craton) were used to constrain their genesis and evolution. On the basis of mineralogical and major-element compositions, the Catoca eclogites can be divided into three groups: high-alumina (high-Al) (kyanite-bearing), low-magnesian (low-Mg#), and high-magnesian (high-Mg#) eclogites. The high-Al Catoca eclogites contain kyanite and corundum; high Al2O3 contents in rock-forming minerals; rare earth element (REE) patterns in garnets showing depleted LREEs, positive Eu anomalies (1.03-1.66), and near-flat HREEs; and high Sr contents in garnets and whole-rock REE compositions. All of these features point to a plagioclase-rich protolith (probably gabbro). RWR compositions (major elements, MREEs, HREEs, Li, V, Hf, Y, Zr, and Pb) and ?18O of 5.5-7.4‰ of the low-Mg# Catoca eclogites are in good agreement with the compositions of picrite basalts and average mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB). The depleted LREEs and NMORB-normalised Nd/Yb values of 0.07-0.41 indicate that the degree of partial melting for the majority of the low-Mg# eclogites protolith was ?30%. The narrow ?18O range of 5.5-7.4‰ near the ‘gabbro-basalt’ boundary (6‰) obtained for the high-Al and low-Mg# Catoca eclogites reflects the influence of subduction-related processes. This case shows that mantle eclogites represented by two different lithologies and originating from different protoliths—plagioclase-rich precursor, presumably gabbro (for high-Al eclogites), and basalt (low-Mg# eclogites)—can provide similar and overlapping ?18O signatures on account of the influence of subduction-related processes. Chemical compositions of the high-Mg# eclogites indicate a complicated petrogenesis, and textural signatures reveal recrystallisation. The presence of Nb-rich rutile (8-12 wt% of Nb2O5) enriched with high field strength elements (HFSE) (Zr/Hf of 72.6-75.6) and multiple trace-element signatures (including RWR, NMORB-normalised Ce/Yb of 3.9-10.6 and Sr/Y of 5.8-9.6, MgO contents of 15.7-17.9 wt%, and high Ba and Sr) provide strong evidence for deep metasomatic alteration. High Cr contents in clinopyroxene (800-3740 ppm), garnet (430-1400 ppm), and accessory rutile (700-2530 ppm), together with extremely low Li contents of 1.0-2.4 ppm in clinopyroxene, may indicate hybridisation of the eclogites with peridotite. Comparison of the chemical compositions (major and trace elements) of (1) unaltered fresh cores of coarse-grained garnets from the low-Mg# eclogites, (2) secondary garnet rims (ubiquitous in the low-Mg# eclogites), (3) proto-cores in the coarse-grained garnet (high-Mg# eclogites), and (4) homogeneous recrystallised fine-grained garnets (high-Mg# eclogites) suggests that the high-Mg# eclogites formed through recrystallisation of low-Mg# eclogite in the presence of an external fluid in the mantle. Four of the five high-Mg# samples show that mantle metasomatism inside the Kasai craton mantle beneath the Catoca pipe occurred at a depth range of 145-160 km (4.5-4.8 GPa).
DS202112-1958
2021
Zinchenko, V., Ashchepkov, I., Ivanov, A.Modelling of the mantle structure beneath the NE part of the Lucapa kimberlite corridor, Angola.Journal of Science, , No. 19, pp. 7-16. pdfAfrica, Angoladeposit - Lunda, Kukumbi-Kwango

Abstract: A database of microprobe EPMA and ICP MS analysis of the kimberlite indicator minerals > 20,000 of the Lunda and Kukumbi-Kwango kimberlite regions were used for construction of series PTCFO2 diagrams for mantle section beneath major kimberlite pipes the and profile through the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SLM) beneath the NE Angolan Kasai craton within the Lucapa tectonic "corridor", which controls the kimber-lite volcanism in the North of Angola. The general construction of the mantle sections are similar for most pipes but details of the structure refer t the mineralogy and degree of the hydrous metasomatism. The vertical and lat-eral heterogeneity of the mantle in this region and the PTCFO2 parameters in mantle beneath diamond-bearing kimberlite pipes were calculated. There is the inclination of the general mantle structure toward the SW marked by the depleted layer of mantle peridotites. The local dome-like structures are found near the lithosphere base beneath Catoca, Luaxe field and other kimberlite regions. Mapping of the upper mantle beneath the Angolan Archaean cratons of is a relatively pioneer direction in the regional diamond forecasting, developed by the authors.
DS202205-0708
2022
Moore, A.E., Cotterill, F.P.D., Main, M., Williams, H.B.The Zambesi: origins and legacies of Earth's oldest river system.Chapter , on requestAfrica, Angola, Zambia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, MozambiqueHistory

Abstract: The Zambezi rises with considerable modesty in north-west Zambia from a small spring on the gentle upland of the Southern Equatorial Divide - the watershed that separates the river from north-west-flowing tributaries of the Congo. The evolution of the Zambezi River has repeatedly modified the distribution of riverine plant and animal species. The hydrology of the Zambezi is further influenced by water exploitation by different users, along its main channel and tributaries. The dams have had severe ecological impacts on the major floodplains, as a result of the reduction of the supply of water and sediment. The major Early Cretaceous Zambezi-Limpopo River system entered the Mozambique coastal plain via a line of crustal weakness that was exploited by a major west-north-west trending dyke swarm. Drainage evolution of the Palaeo-Chambeshi system has been invoked as the primary cause of the recent evolution of the molerats.
 
 

You can return to the Top of this page


Copyright © 2024 Kaiser Research Online, All Rights Reserved