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SDLRC - Melting


The Sheahan Diamond Literature Reference Compilation - Scientific and Media Articles based on Major Keyword - Melting
The Sheahan Diamond Literature Reference Compilation is compiled by Patricia Sheahan who publishes on a monthly basis a list of new scientific articles related to diamonds as well as media coverage and corporate announcements called the Sheahan Diamond Literature Service that is distributed as a free pdf to a list of followers. Pat has kindly agreed to allow her work to be made available as an online digital resource at Kaiser Research Online so that a broader community interested in diamonds and related geology can benefit. The references are for personal use information purposes only; when available a link is provided to an online location where the full article can be accessed or purchased directly. Reproduction of this compilation in part or in whole without permission from the Sheahan Diamond Literature Service is strictly prohibited. Return to Diamond Keyword Index
Sheahan Diamond Literature Reference Compilation - Scientific Articles by Author for all years
A-An Ao+ B-Bd Be-Bk Bl-Bq Br+ C-Cg Ch-Ck Cl+ D-Dd De-Dn Do+ E F-Fn Fo+ G-Gh Gi-Gq Gr+ H-Hd He-Hn Ho+ I J K-Kg Kh-Kn Ko-Kq Kr+ L-Lh
Li+ M-Maq Mar-Mc Md-Mn Mo+ N O P-Pd Pe-Pn Po+ Q R-Rh Ri-Rn Ro+ S-Sd Se-Sh Si-Sm Sn-Ss St+ T-Th Ti+ U V W-Wg Wh+ X Y Z
Sheahan Diamond Literature Reference Compilation - Media/Corporate References by Name for all years
A B C D-Diam Diamonds Diamr+ E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Each article reference in the SDLRC is tagged with one or more key words assigned by Pat Sheahan to highlight the main topics of the article. In an effort to make it easier for users to track down articles related to a specific topic, KRO has extracted these key words and developed a list of major key words presented in this Key Word Index to which individual key words used in the article reference have been assigned. In most of the individual Key Word Reports the references are in crhonological order, though in some such as Deposits the order is first by key word and then chronological. Only articles classified as "technical" (mainly scientific journal articles) and "media" (independent media articles) are included in the Key Word Index. References that were added in the most recent monthly update are highlighted in yellow.

Volcanoes are vivid in the public's imagination, but almost absent is what takes place within the earth's mantle, the semi-solid layer between the molten outer core and the solid lithosphere (crust) whose convection cells drive plate tectonics. The key word melting tags articles which deal with the development of magmas within the mantle that manage to ascend into the lithosphere and become either igneous intrusions that chill before ever reaching the earth's surface or breach the surface as a volcanic eruption or basaltic flow. There is a wide range of magmatic intrusions which penetrate the crust, of which the most important for diamonds are kimberlites and lamproites, none of whose eruption at surface has ever been recorded as witnessed by human beings. Articles tagged as "melting" deal with the conditions that allow part of the mantle to melt into a magma with a distinct chemical composition that works its way through the mantle into the crust and ultimately in some cases onto the surface. This is a fascinating topic but written in very technical terms which means that the articles are universally of a scientific nature.

Melting
Posted/
Published
AuthorTitleSourceRegionKeywords
DS1975-0454
1977
Arndt, N.T.Ultrabasic Magmas and High Degree Melting of the MantleContributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 64, pp. 205-21.MantleMelting, Peridotite
DS1989-1082
1989
Mysen, B.O.Structure and properties of magmatic meltsCarnegie Institution Year Book 88 1988-1989 (June), pp. 147-160GlobalMagma, Silicate melts
DS1990-0429
1990
Drummond, M.S., Defant, M.J.A model for trondhjemite tonalite dacit genesis and crustal growth via slabmelting: archean to modern.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, No. B 13, Dec. 10, pp. 21503-21.MantleTectonics, Melting, subduction
DS1990-0785
1990
Journal of Geophysical ResearchSilicate melts and mantle petrogenesis (in memory of Christopher M.Scarfe)Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, No. B 10, September 10, pp. 15, 661-15, 954GlobalMantle petrogenesis, Silicate melts
DS1990-0932
1990
Liebermann, R.C., Dingwell, D.B.Silicate melts and mantle petrogenesis: a collection of papers in memory of Christopher M. ScarfeAmerican Geophysical Union (AGU) ( reprint of papers appearing in JGR), 300p. $ 25.00GlobalMantle petrogenesis, Silicate melts
DS1991-1478
1991
Ryabchikov, I.D., Edgar, A.D., Wyllie, P.J.Partial melting in a carbonate-phosphate-peridotite system at 30 KbarGeochemistry International, Vol. 28, No. 9, pp. 1-6MantleMelting, Peridotite
DS1991-1634
1991
Solovova, I., Girnis, A., Kogarko, L., Ryabchikov, I.A study of Micro inclusions in minerals of Spanish lamproitesProceedings of Fifth International Kimberlite Conference held Araxa June 1991, Servico Geologico do Brasil (CPRM) Special, p. 564GlobalLamproite, Melt inclusions
DS1992-0302
1992
Cordery, M.J., Morgan, J.P.Melting and mantle flow beneath a mid-ocean spreading centerEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 111, No. 2-4, July pp. 493-516MantleMantle, Spreading center, Heat flow, Melt
DS1992-0324
1992
Daines, M.J., Kohlstedt, D.L.Kenetics and dynamics of melt migration in upper mantle rocksV.m. Goldschmidt Conference Program And Abstracts, Held May 8-10th. Reston, p. A 25. abstractMantleMelt, Geochemistry
DS1992-1179
1992
Pedersen, T., Ro, H.E.Finite duration extension and decompression meltingEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 113, No. 1-2, September pp. 15-22MantleModel, Melt
DS1992-1513
1992
Takazawa, E., Frey, F.A., Shimizu, N., Obata, M.Geochemical evidence for melt migration and reaction in the upper mantleNature, Vol. 359, No. 6390, September 3, pp. 55-58MantleMelt, Geochemistry
DS1993-0134
1993
Bonatti, E.A cold suboceanic mantle belt at the Earth's equator #2Science, Vol. 261, July 16, pp. 315-320MantleMelting
DS1993-0135
1993
Bonnati, E., Seyler, M., Sushevskaya, N.A cold suboceanic mantle belt at the earth's equator #1Science, Vol. 261, July 16, pp. 315-320MantleGeophysics -gravity, Melting
DS1993-0171
1993
Brown, J.M.Mantle melting at high pressureScience, Vol. 262, No. 5133, October 22, p. 529MantleMelting
DS1993-0172
1993
Brown, J.M.Mantle melting at high pressureScience, Vol. 262, No. 5133, October 22, pp. 529-530.MantleMelting
DS1993-0311
1993
Dalton, .A., Wood, B.J.The composition of primary carbonate melts and their evolution through wallrock reaction in the mantleEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 119, No. 4, October pp. 511-526MantleCarbonate melts, Wallrock reaction
DS1993-0473
1993
Fyfe, W.S.Hot spots, magma underplating and modification of continental crustCanadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 30, pp. 908-12.MantleMelting, Magma
DS1993-0572
1993
Green, D.H.The melting behaviour of the Earth's upper mantle and implications for mantle dynamics.Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 34, No. 12, pp. 148-161.MantleGeodynamics, Melting
DS1993-0643
1993
Hawkesworth, C.J., Gallagher, K., et al.Mantle hotspots, plumes and regional tectonics as causes of intraplatemagmatism.Terra Nova, Vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 552-559.MantleHot spots, subduction, melting, Tectonics
DS1993-0691
1993
Hollister, L.S.The role of melt in the uplift and exhumation of orogenic beltsChemical Geology, Vol. 108, No. 1-4, August 5, pp. 31-48MantleMelt, Tectonics
DS1993-0724
1993
Iwamori, H.A model for disequilibrium mantle melting incorporating melt transport by porous and channel flowsNature, Vol. 366, No. 6457, December 23/30, pp. 734-737MantleMelting, Fluid flow
DS1993-0956
1993
Mahlburg Kay, S., Ramos, V.A., Marquez, M.Evidence in Cerro Pampa volcanic rocks for slab melting prior to Ridge-Trench collision in southern South AmericaJournal of Geology, Vol. 101, No. 6, November pp. 703-714Argentina, PatagoniaAdakite flows, Magmatic, melt
DS1993-1105
1993
Mysen, B.O., Frantz, J.D.Structure and properties of alkali silicate melts at magmatictemperatures.European Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. No. 3, pp. 393-408.GlobalSilicate melts, Mineralogy
DS1993-1134
1993
Nilsson, K., Peach, C.L.Sulfur speciation, oxidation state and sulfur concentration in backarcmagmasGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 57, pp. 3807-3813GlobalSilicate melts, MORBS
DS1993-1530
1993
Stevens, G., Clemens, J.D.Fluid absent melting and the roles of fluids in the lithosphere: a slantedsummary?Chemical Geology, Vol. 108, No. 1-4, August 5, pp. 1-18GlobalMelt, Mantle, Fluids in lithosphere
DS1993-1685
1993
Vukadinonovic, D., Edgar, A.D.Phase relations in the phlogopite-apatite system at 20 kbar; Implications for the role of fluorine in mantle melting.Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 114, pp. 247-254.MantleMelt, Experimental petrology
DS1993-1809
1993
Zerr, A., Boehler, R.Melting of (MgFe)SiO2 perovskite to 625 kilobars: indication of a high melting temperature in the lower mantle.Science, Vol. 262, No. 5133, October 22, pp. 553-554.MantleMelting, Perovskite
DS1994-0379
1994
Davidson, C., Schmid, S.M., Hollister, L.S.Role of melt during deformation in the deep crustTerra Nova, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 133-142.GlobalMelting, Subduction
DS1994-0847
1994
Jin, Z-M., Green, H.W., Shou, Y.Melt topology in partially molten mantle peridotite during ductiledeformation.Nature, Vol. 372, No. 6502, Nov. 10, pp. 164-166.MantleMelting
DS1994-0900
1994
Kesson, S.E., Ringwood, A.E., Hibberson, W.O.Kimberlite melting relations revisitedEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 121, No. 3-4, February pp. 261-262.AustraliaMelt
DS1994-1863
1994
Vlaar, N.J, Vankeken, P.E., Vandenbe, A.P.Cooling of the earth in the Archean -consequences of pressure release melting in a hotter mantle.Earth and Planetary Sciences, Vol. 121, No. 1-2, January pp. 1-18.MantleMelting
DS1994-1864
1994
Vlaar, N.J., Van Keken, .E., Van den Berg, A.P.Cooling of the Earth in the Archean: consequences of pressure release melting in a hotter mantleEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 121, No. 1-2, January pp. 1-18MantleArchean, Melting
DS1995-0363
1995
Cox, K.G., McKenzie, D.P., White, R.S.Melting and melt movement in the earthOxford University Press, 240p. approx. $ 60.00 United StatesMantleMelt
DS1995-0364
1995
Cox, K.G., McKenzie, D.P., White, R.S.Melting and melt movement in the earthOxford University of Press, 240p. approx. $ 60.00MantleMelt, mantle plume, Book -ad
DS1995-0614
1995
Genge, M.J., Jones, A.P., Price, G.D.An infrared and Raman study of carbonate glasses: implications for the structure of carbonatite magmas.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 59, No. 5, pp. 927-937.GlobalMagma -carbonatite, Mantle metasomatism, Melt, structure
DS1995-0861
1995
Iwamori, H., McKenzie, D., Takahashi, E.Melt generation by isentropic mantle upwellingEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 134, No. 3-4, Sept. 1, pp. 253-266MantlePlumes, Melts
DS1995-0948
1995
Khodakovskii, G., et al.Melt percolation in a partially molten mantle mush: effect of a variableviscosityEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 134, No. 3-4, Sept. 1, pp. 267-282MantleMelt
DS1995-0959
1995
Kinzler, R.J., Langmuir, C.H.Minute mantle meltsNature, Vol. 375, No. 6529, May 25, p. 274MantleMelts, Geochemistry
DS1995-0960
1995
Kinzler, R.J., Langmuir, C.H.Geochemistry -minute mantle meltsNature, Vol. 375, No. 6529, May 25, p. 274.MantleMelt, Geochemistry
DS1995-0961
1995
Kinzler, R.J., Langmuir, C.H.Minute mantle meltsNature, Vol. 375, May 25, pp. 274-275.MantleMelting, Olivine
DS1995-1339
1995
Neumann, E.R., Wulff-Pederson, E.Melt inclusions in Upper Mantle xenoliths from the Canary IslandsEos, Abstracts, Vol. 76, No. 17, Apr 25, p. S 268.GlobalMelt inclusions
DS1995-1379
1995
Ohtani, E., Nagata, Y., Suzuki, A., Kato, T.Melting relations of peridotite and the density crossover in planetarymantles.Chemical Geology, Vol. 120, No. 3-4, March 1, pp. 207-221.MantleMelt, majorite, Magma
DS1995-1548
1995
Rapp, R.P., Watson, K.B.Dehydration melting of metabasalt at 8-32kbar: implic- ations for continental growth and crust-mantle recycleJournal of Petrology, Vol. 96, No. 4, pp. 891-931MantleMelt, Recycling, Mantle-crust
DS1995-1582
1995
Robinson, J.A.C.Low degree partial melting of mantle compositions at 15 -30 kbarsEos, Abstracts, Vol. 76, No. 17, Apr 25, p. S 297.MantleMelt
DS1995-1670
1995
Schiano, P., Clocchiatti, R., et al.Hydrous, silica rich melts in the sub-arc mantle and their relationship with erupted arc lavasNature, Vol. 377, No. 6550, Oct. 19, pp. 595-599MantleMelts, Subduction
DS1995-1792
1995
Sobolev, A.V.Melt inclusions as a source of principal petrologic informationEos, Abstracts, Vol. 76, No. 17, Apr 25, p. S 266.MantleMelt, Mantle plumes
DS1995-1822
1995
Stebbins, McMillan, DingwellStructure, dynamics and properties of silicate meltsMineralogical Society of America, Vol. 32GlobalBook -table of contents, Silicate melts
DS1995-1864
1995
Szabo, C., Bodnar, R.J.Silicate rich metasomatic melt in the Upper Mantle beneath the Nograd-Gomor volcanic field.Eos, Abstracts, Vol. 76, No. 17, Apr 25, p. S 268.Hungary, SlovakiaMelt inclusions, Mantle xenoliths
DS1995-2042
1995
Wegner, E., Walter, H.J., Satir, M.lead, Strontium, neodymium isotopic compositions and trace element geochemistry of megacrysts and melilitites Tertiary...Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 122, No. 3, pp. 322-GermanyMelts, isotopes, Urach volcanic field
DS1995-2063
1995
Williamson, M.C., Courtney, R.C., Keen, C.E., Dehler, S.A.The volume and rare earth concentrations of magmas generated during finite stretching of the lithosphereJournal of Petrology, Vol. 36. No. 5, pp. 1433-1453MantleMagma, Melt, basalt, Rare earths
DS1996-0246
1996
Carroll, M.R., Holloway, J.R.Volatiles in magmasReviews in Mineralogy, Vol. 30, approx. 40.00 United StatesGlobalBook - Table of contents, Magmas - volatiles, geochemistry, melts, volcanic gas, noble gases
DS1996-0562
1996
Green, D.H.Experimental constraints on kimberlite genesisAustralia Nat. University of Diamond Workshop July 29, 30., 10p.MantleMelting, phase relationships, Redox, lherzolite, harzburgite
DS1996-0626
1996
Herzberg, C., Zhang, J.Melting experiments on anhydrous peridotite KLB-1: compositions of magmas in the upper mantle, transitionJournal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 101, No. B4, April 10, pp. 8271-95.MantlePeridotite, Melt
DS1996-0951
1996
Metrich, N., Clocchiatti, R.Sulfur abundance and its speciation in oxidized alkaline meltsGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 60, No. 21, pp. 4151-60.ItalyAlkaline rocks, Melt inclusions
DS1996-1249
1996
Salvioli-Mariani, E., Venturelli, G.Temperature of crystallization and evolution of the Jumilla and Cancarix lamproites (southeast Spain)....European Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 8, No.5, Sept. 1, pp. 1027-1040.GlobalLamproite, melting, Deposit - Jumilla, Cancarix
DS1996-1259
1996
Schmeling, H., Bussod, G.Y.Variable viscosity convection and partial melting in the continentalasthenosphere.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 101, No. 3, March 10, pp. 5411-MantleGeophysics -seismics, Melting
DS1996-1338
1996
Sobolev, A.V.Melt inclusions in minerals as a source of principle petrologicalinformationPetrology, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 209-220RussiaMelts, magmas, Petrology
DS1996-1356
1996
Speilgelman, M.Geochemical consequences of melt transport in 2-D: the sensitivity of trace elements to mantle dynamics.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 139, pp. 115-132.MantleGeodynamics, Geochemistry, melting
DS1996-1546
1996
Williams, Q., Garnero, E.J.Seismic evidence for partial melt at base of Earth's mantleScience, Vol. 273, No. 5281, Sept. 13, pp. 1528-30.MantleGeophysics -seismics, Melt
DS1997-0224
1997
Courtal, P., Ohtani, E., Dingwell, D.B.High temperature densities of some mantle meltsGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 61, No. 15, pp. 3111-19.MantleMelting
DS1997-0236
1997
Daines, M.J., Kolhlstedt, D.L.Influence of deformation on melt topology in peridotitesJournal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 102, No. 5, May 10, pp. 10257-72.MantleMelt, magma
DS1997-0487
1997
Hauri, E.H.Melt migration and mantle chromatography: 1. simplified theory - conditions for chemical and isotopic couplingEarth and Plan. Sci. Letters, Vol. 153, No. 1-2, pp. 1-19.MantleMelts, Geochronology
DS1997-0491
1997
Hawkesworth, C.J., et al.Uranium-Th isotopes in arc magmas: implications for element transfer from the subducted crust.Science, Vol. 276, Apr. 25, pp. 551-55.MantleSubduction, melting, Geochronology
DS1997-0514
1997
Holland, K.G., Ahrens, T.J.Melting of (magnesium, iron)(magnesium, iron)2 SiO4 at the core-mantle boundary of the earth.Science, Vol. 275, No. 5306, Mar. 14, pp. 1623-25.MantleMelting, Core-mantle boundary
DS1997-0547
1997
Iwamori, H.Heat sources and melting in subduction zonesJournal Geophys. Research, Vol. 102, No. 7, July 10, pp. 14803-20.MantleSubduction zones, Melting
DS1997-0670
1997
Leitch, A.M., Cordery, M.J., Davies, G.F., Campbell, I.Flood basalts from eclogite bearing mantle plumesSouth African Journal of Geology, Vol. 100, 4, Dec. pp. 311-318MantleConvection, melt, Plumes
DS1997-0671
1997
Leitch, A.M., Cordery, M.J., Davies, G.F., Campbell, I.Flood basalts from eclogite bearing mantle plumesSouth African Journal of Geology, Vol. 100, 4, Dec. pp. 311-318.MantleConvection, melt, Plumes
DS1997-0850
1997
Niu, Y., Langmuir, C.H., Kinzler, R.J.The origin of abyssal peridotites: a new perspectiveEarth and Plan. Sci. Letters, Vol. 152, No. 1-4, pp. 251-265.Mantle, ridgesMelting, Peridotites
DS1997-0954
1997
Revenaugh, J., Meyer, R.Seismic evidence of partial melt within a possible ubiquitous low velcoity layer at the base of mantle.Science, Vol. 277, No. 5326, Aug. 1, pp. 670-672.MantleMelting
DS1997-1158
1997
Thybo, H., Perchuc, E.The seismic 8 degrees discontinuity and partial melting in continentalmantle.Science, Vol. 275, No. 5306, Mar. 14, pp. 1626-28.MantleMelting, Boundary - Discontinuity
DS1997-1242
1997
White, K.N., Lovell, B.Measuring the pulse of a plume with the sedimentary recordNature, Vol. 387, June 26, pp. 888-9MantleMagmatism, Plum, melt
DS1997-1304
1997
Zou, H.Inversion of partial melting through residual peridotites orclinopyroxenes.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 61, No. 21, pp. 4571-82.MantleMelting, Peridotites
DS1998-0077
1998
Barbosa, S.A., Bergantz, G.W.Rheological transitions and the progress of melting of crustal rocksEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 158, No. 1-2, May 15, pp. 19-30.MantleMelt, Geodynamics
DS1998-0163
1998
Brenan, J.M., Neroda, et al.Behaviour of boron, beryillium and lithium during melting andcrystallization: constraints from mineral melt partitioning experiments.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 62, No. 12, pp. 2129-41.MantleMelting
DS1998-0259
1998
Clemens, J.D., Droop, G.T.R.Fluids, P T paths and the fates of anatectic melts in the Earth's crustLithos, Vol. 44, No. 1-2, Oct., pp. 21-36.MantleMelt, Magmas
DS1998-0459
1998
Gaetani, G.A., Grove, T.L.The influence of water on melting of mantle peridotiteContributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 131, No. 4, May pp. 323-46.MantleMelting, Peridotite
DS1998-0721
1998
Karato, S.I., Jung, H.Water, partial melting and the origin of the seismic low velocity and high attenuation zone in Upper Mantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 157, No. 3-4, Apr. 30, pp. 193-208.MantleGeophysics - seismics, Melting
DS1998-0727
1998
Kelemen, P.B., Hart, S.B., Bernstein, S.Silica enrichment in the continental upper mantle via melt/rock reactionEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol.164, No.1-2, Dec.15, pp.387-406.MantleSilica, Melt
DS1998-0788
1998
Korenaga, J., Kelemen, P.B.Melt migration through the oceanic lower crust: a constraint from melt percolation modeling with solid..Earth and Plan. Sci. Lett, Vol. 156, No. 1-2, Mar. 15, pp. 1-18MantleMelt, Metallogeny
DS1998-0820
1998
Kushiro, I., Walter, M.J.magnesium-iron partioning between olivine and mafic ultramafic meltsGeophysical Research. Letters, Vol. 25, No. 13, July pp. 2337-40MantleMelting
DS1998-1091
1998
Ohtani, E., Suzuki, A., Kato, T.Flotation of olivine and diamond in mantle melt at high pressure:implications for fractionation in deep mantleAmerican Geophysical Union (AGU) Geo. Mon., No. 101, pp.MantleMelt, Olivine - diamond
DS1998-1230
1998
Reiners, P.W.Reactive melt transport in the mantle and geochemical signatures of mantle derived magmas.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 39, No. 5, May pp. 1039-62.MantleMagma, Melts
DS1998-1233
1998
Richardson, C.N.Melt flow in a variable viscosity matrixGeophysical Research Letters, Vol. 25, No. 7, Apr. 1, pp. 1099-1102.MantleRheology, Melt
DS1998-1237
1998
Righter, K., Hauri, E.H.Compatibility of rhenium in garnet during mantle melting and magmagenesis.Science, Vol. 280, No. 5370, June 12, pp. 1737-40.MantleMagma, Melting
DS1998-1290
1998
Schiano, P., Bourdon, B., Bottinga, Y.Low degree partial melting trends recorded in upper mantle mineralsEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 160, No. 3-4, Aug. 1, pp. 537-550.MantleMelt, Magmatism
DS1998-1383
1998
Sonnenthal, E.L., McBirney, A.R.The Skaergaard layered series. Pt. IV. Reaction-transport simulations of foundered blocksJournal of Petrology, Vol. 39, No. 4, Apr. pp. 633-661GreenlandCrystallization, Melt composition, convection
DS1998-1384
1998
Sours-Page, R., Nielsen, R.L.Constraints on the diversity of mantle melts using rehomogenized meltinclusions.Mineralogical Magazine, Goldschmidt abstract, Vol. 62A, p. 1430-1.MantleMelting
DS1998-1429
1998
Suzuki, A., Ohtani, E., Kato-TakumiDensity and thermal expansion of a peridotite melt at high pressurePhysical Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 107, No. 1-3, pp. 53-61.MantleMelting, ultra high pressure (UHP)
DS1998-1504
1998
Vacquier, V.A theory of the origin of the Earth's internal heatTectonophysics, Vol. 291, No. 1-4, June 15, pp. 1-8.MantleCore, Melt
DS1998-1517
1998
Van Keken, P.E., Ballentine, C.J.Whole mantle versus layered mantle convection and the role of high viscosity lower mantle in terrestrial vol.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 156, No. 1-2, Mar. 15, pp. 19-32.MantleConvection, melt, Volatile evolution
DS1999-0028
1999
Asimow, P.D., Stolper, E.M.Steady state mantle melt interactions in one dimension: 1. equilibrium transport and melt focusing.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 40, No. 3, Mar. pp; 475-MantleMelting
DS1999-0178
1999
Dricker, I., Vinnik, L., Makeyeva, L.Upper mantle flow in eastern EuropeGeophysical Research Letters, Vol. 27, No. 9, May pp. 1219-22.EuropeGeophysics - seismics, Mantle flow, melting
DS1999-0294
1999
Harry, D.L., Bowling, J.C.Inhibiting magmatism on nonvolcanic rifted marginsGeology, Vol. 27, No. 10, Oct. pp. 895-8.MantleMelting, Magmatism
DS1999-0327
1999
Ito, G., Shen, Y., Wolfe, C.J.Mantle flow, melting and dehydration of the Iceland mantle plumeEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol.165, No.1, Jan.15, pp.81-96.GlobalMantle, Melt, hot spot
DS1999-0380
1999
Koyaguchi, T., Kaneko, K.A two stage thermal evolution model of magmas in continental crustJournal of Petrology, Vol. 40, No. 2, Feb. 1, pp. 241-54.MantleMagma, Melting, geodynamics
DS1999-0603
1999
Roberts, J.J., Tyburczy, J.A.Partial melt electrical conductivity: influence of melt compositionJournal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 104, No. 4, Apr. 10, pp. 7055-66.MantleMelt, Geophysics
DS1999-0668
1999
Sigurdsson, H.Melting the earth: the history of ideas on volcanic eruptionsOxford University of Press., 260p. ISBN 0-19-510665-2. $ 30.00GlobalBook - volcanology, Melting
DS1999-0723
1999
Sweeny, R.J., Winter, F.Kimberlite as high pressure melts: the determination of segregation depth from major element chemistry.7th International Kimberlite Conference Nixon, Vol. 2, pp. 846-51.MantleGeochemistry, Melting, magma, Herzberg Method, model
DS2000-0071
2000
Becker, H., Jochum, K.P., Carlson, R.W.Trace element fractionation during dehydration of eclogites from high pressure pressure terranes, element fluxesChemical Geology, Vol. 163, No. 1-4, pp. 65-99.Mantleultra high pressure (UHP), melting, Subduction zones
DS2000-0243
2000
Douce, A.E.P.Granulites, crustal melting and heating of the lower crustGeological Association of Canada (GAC)/Mineralogical Association of Canada (MAC) 2000, 2p. abstract.MantleMelting - not specific to diamonds
DS2000-0331
2000
Genshaft, Y.S., Zlobin, V.L.Eutectic melting in the Earth's crustDoklady Academy of Sciences, Vol. 373, No. 5, June-July, pp.911-13.MantleMelting
DS2000-0482
2000
Kent, G.M., Singh, S.C., Pye, J.W.Evidence from three dimensional seismic reflectivity images for enhanced melt supply beneath mid ocean ridgeNature, Vol. 406, No. 6796, Aug. 10, pp. 614-8.MantleGeophysics - seismics, Melting
DS2000-0524
2000
Korenaga, J., Kelemen, P.B.Major element heterogeneity in the mantle source of the North Atlantic igneous province.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 184, No.1, Dec.30, pp. 251-68.GlobalHot spots, plumes, drift, flood basalts, Melt composition
DS2000-0582
2000
Litvin, Y.A., Zharikov, V.A.Experimental modeling of diamond genesis: diamond crystallization in multicomponent carbonate silicate ..Doklady Academy of Sciences, Vol. 373, No. 5, June-July, pp.867-70.GlobalPetrology - experimental, Melts
DS2000-0595
2000
Luth, R.W.Possible effects of the modal mineralogy of spinel lherzolites on melting processes in the mantle.Geological Society of America (GSA) Abstracts, Vol. 32, No. 7, p.A-434.British ColumbiaLherzolites, Mineral chemistry, melting
DS2000-0657
2000
Miller, S.A., Nur, A.Permeability as a toggle switch in fluid controlled crustal procesesEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol.183, No.1-2, Nov.30, pp.133-46.GlobalTectonics, Melting, fluid transport
DS2000-0888
2000
Shaw, D.M.Continuous ( dynamic) melting theory revisitedCanadian Mineralogist, Vol. 38, pt. 5, Oct. pp. 1041-63.MantleMelting, fractionation
DS2000-0948
2000
Tatsumi, Y.Slab melting: its role in continental crust formation and mantle evolutionGeophysical Research Letters, Vol. 27, No. 23, Dec. 1, pp. 3941-4.MantleMelting, Subduction
DS2000-0958
2000
Tronnes, R.G.Melting relations and major element partioning in an oxidized bulk Earth model composition.Lithos, Vol. 53, No. 3-4, Sept. pp. 233-45.MantlePetrology - experimental, Melting
DS2001-0031
2001
Andreeva, I.A., Kovalenko, V.I., Naummov, V.B.Crystallization conditions, magma compositions, and genesis of silicate rocks Mushugai Khuduk carbonatitePetrology, Vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 489-515.Russia, MongoliaAlkaline complex, Melt inclusions
DS2001-0033
2001
Andreeva, I.A., Kovalenko, V.I., Naumov, V.B.Crystallization conditions, magma compositions and genesis of silicate rocks Mushugai Khuduk carbonatitePetrology, Vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 489=515.Mongolia, southernMelting, inclusions, Alkalic complex
DS2001-0053
2001
Asahera, Y., Ohtani, E.Melting relations of the hydrous primitive mantle in the CMAS - H2O systemat high pressures and temperaturePhysical Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 125, No. 1-4, pp. 31-44.MantleMelting
DS2001-0106
2001
Bernstein, S., Brooks, C.K., Stecher, O.Enriched component of the proto-Icelandic mantle plume revealed in alkaline Tertiary lavas from East GreenlandGeology, Vol. 29, No. 9, Sept. pp. 859-62.GreenlandMelting, mixing, alkaline lavas, Nunatak region
DS2001-0110
2001
Bina, C.R.Earth science: mantle cookbook calibrationNature, Vol. No. 6837, pp. 536.MantleMelting
DS2001-0157
2001
Canil, D., Fedortchuk, Y.Olivine liquid partitioning of vanadium and other trace elements, apllications to modern and ancient picritesCanadian Mineralogist, Vol. 39, No. 2, Apr. pp. 319-30.MantleMelting, basalts - not specific to diamonds
DS2001-0174
2001
Chauvel, C., Blichert Toft, J.A hafnium isotope and trace element perspective on melting of the depletedmantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 190, No. 3-4, pp. 137-51.MantleMelting
DS2001-0186
2001
Choblet, G., Parmentier, E.M.Mantle upwelling and melting beneath slow spreading centers: effects variable rheology melt productivity.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 184, No.3-4, Jan.30, pp.589-04.MantleMelting, Plumes
DS2001-0312
2001
Fallon, T.J., Danyushevsky, L.V., Green, D.M.Peridotite melting at 1 GPA: reversal experiments on partial melt compositions produced by peridotite basaltJournal Petrology, Vol. 42, No. 12, pp. 2363-85.MantleExperiments - sandwich, Melting
DS2001-0331
2001
Franz, L., Romer, Klemd, Schmid, Oberhansli, WagnerEclogite facies quartz veins within metabasites of the Dabie Shan: P T time deformation path... fluid phase..Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 141, No. 3, June, pp. 322-46.Chinaultra high pressure (UHP) - fluid flow, melting, exhumation
DS2001-0345
2001
Fukao, Y., Widiyantoro, S., Obayahi, M.Stagnant slabs in the upper and lower mantle transition regionReviews of Geophysics, Vol. 39, No. 3, Aug. pp. 291-324.MantleSlabs, Melting, subduction
DS2001-0407
2001
Green, D.H., Falloon, T.J., Eggins, S.M., Yaxley, G.M.Primary magmas and mantle temperaturesEuropean Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 437-51.MantleMagmatism, Melting, subduction, slabs, hotspots
DS2001-0635
2001
Kriegsman, L.M.Prograde and retrograde processes in crustal melting. Introduction to special issue.Lithos, Vol. 56, No. 1, Feb. 3p. (ix-xi)MantleMelting
DS2001-0653
2001
Landwehr, D., Blundy, J., Chamorro-Perez, Hill, E., WoodU series disequilibration temperatures generated by partial melting of spinel lherzoliteEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 188, No. 3-4, pp. 329-48.MantleMelting, lherzolite
DS2001-0946
2001
Poustovetov, A.A., Roeder, P.L.The distribution of chromium between basaltic melt and chromian spinel as an oxygen geobarometer.Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 39, No. 2, Apr. pp. 309-317.MantleMelting, chromium, oxides - not specific to diamonds
DS2001-0992
2001
Rushmer, T.Volume change partial melting reactions: implications melt extraction ,melt geochemistry, crustal rheologyTectonophysics, Vol. 342, No. 3-4, Dec. pp. 389-405.MantleRheology, Melting
DS2001-1020
2001
Sawyer, E.W.Melt segregation in the continental crust: distribution and movement of melt in anatectic rocks.Journal of Metamorphic Geology, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 291-310.MantleMelting
DS2001-1112
2001
Spiegelman, M., Kelemen, P.B., Aharonov, E.Causes and consequences of flow organization during melt transport: the reaction infiltration instabilityJournal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 106, No.2, Feb.10, pp. 2061-78.MantleCompaction media, Melting
DS2001-1171
2001
Ulmer, P.Partial melting in the mantle wedge - the role of H2O in the genesis of mantle derived arc related magmas.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 127, No. 1-4, Dec. 1, pp. 215-32.MantleMelting - water, subduction, Subduction - geodynamics, rheology
DS2001-1191
2001
Van Wijk, J.W., Huismans, R.S., Voorde, M., CloetinghMelt generation at volcanic continental margins: no need for a mantle plume?Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 28, No. 20, Oct. 15, pp. 3995-8.MantleTectonics, Melting
DS2001-1193
2001
Vanderhaeghe, O., Teyssier, C.Partial melting and flow of orogensTectonophysics, Vol. 342, No. 3-4, pp. 451-72.MantleMelting, Orogeny, tectonics
DS2001-1227
2001
Weng, Y-Hua., Presnall, D.C.The system diopside forsterite enstatite at 5.1 GPa: a ternary model for melting of the mantle.Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 39, No. 2, Apr. pp. 299-308.MantleMelting, phase relations, peridotite
DS2002-0110
2002
Barth, M.G., Foley, S.F., Horn, I.Partial melting in Archean subduction zones: constraints experimentally determined trace element ..Precambrian Research, Vol. 113, No. 3-4, pp. 323-40.MantleGeochemistry - partition coefficents, melting, Eclogites, tonalites
DS2002-0179
2002
Boehler, R., Chudinovskikh, L., Hilgren, V.Earth's core and lower mantle: phase behaviour melting and chemical interactionsProceedings - International School of Physics Enrico Fermi, Vol. 147, pp. 627-42. Ingenta 1025439480MantleMelt
DS2002-0222
2002
Bulatov, V.K., Girnis, A.V., Brey, G.P.Experimental melting of a modally heterogeneous mantleMineralogy and Petrology, Vol.75,3-4, pp.131-52.MantleMelt
DS2002-0639
2002
Halter, W.E., Pettke, T., Heinrich, RothenRutishauserMajor to trace element analysis of melt inclusions by laser ablation ICP MS methods of quantification.Chemical Geology, Vol.183, 1-4, pp.63-86.MantleMelt, Geochemistry - techniques, Inductively Coupled Plasma- Mass
DS2002-1005
2002
Massare, D., Metrich, N., Clocchiatti, R.High temperature experiments on silicate melt inclusions in olivine at 1 atm: inference- temperatureChemical Geology, Vol.183, 1-4, pp.87-98.MantleMelt, Homogenization and H2O concentrations, water
DS2002-1127
2002
Neumann, E.R., WulffPedersen, E., Pearson, SpencerMantle xenoliths from Tenerife: evidence for reactions between mantle peridotites and silicic carbonatite ..Journal of Petrology, Vol.43,5,pp.825-8., Vol.43,5,pp.825-8.Canary IslandsXenoliths, Melting
DS2002-1128
2002
Neumann, E.R., WulffPedersen, E., Pearson, SpencerMantle xenoliths from Tenerife: evidence for reactions between mantle peridotites and silicic carbonatite ..Journal of Petrology, Vol.43,5,pp.825-8., Vol.43,5,pp.825-8.Canary IslandsXenoliths, Melting
DS2002-1195
2002
Otamendi, J.E., De la Rosa, J.D., Patino Douce, CastroRayleigh fractionation of heavy rare earths and yttrium during metamorphic garnet growth.Geology, Vol. 30, No. 2, Feb. pp.159-62.ArgentinaMetamorphism, Melting - not specific to diamonds
DS2002-1206
2002
Palyanov, Y.N., Sokol, A.G., Borzdov, KhokhryakovFluid bearing alkaline carbonate melts as the medium for the formation of diamonds in Earth's mantle:Lithos, Vol.60, pp. 145-59.MantleDiamond - crystallization, melting, UHP, Petrology - experimental
DS2002-1296
2002
Raddick, M.J., Parmentier, E.M., Scheirer, D.S.Buoyant decompression melting: a possible mechanism for intraplate volcanismJournal of Geophysical Research, Oct. 29, 10.1029/2001JB000617.MantleMelting, Magmatism
DS2002-1356
2002
Rolland, Y., Picard, C., Pecher, Lapierre, Bosch, KellerThe Cretaceous Ladakh arc of NW Himalaya slab melting and melt mantle interaction during fast northward driftChemical Geology, Vol.182, 2-4, Feb.15, pp.139-78.India, northwest HimalayasMelting, slab subduction, Indian Plate
DS2002-1489
2002
Simmons, N.A., Grand, S.P.Partial melting in the deepest mantleGeophysical Research Letters, Vol. 29, 10, DOI 10.1029/2001GL013716MantleMelting
DS2002-1673
2002
Vlastelic, I., Bougault, H., Dosso, L.Heterogeneous heat production in the Earth's upper mantle: blob melting and MORB composition.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol.199,1-2,pp.157-72., Vol.199,1-2,pp.157-72.MantleMelting
DS2002-1674
2002
Vlastelic, I., Bougault, H., Dosso, L.Heterogeneous heat production in the Earth's upper mantle: blob melting and MORB composition.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol.199,1-2,pp.157-72., Vol.199,1-2,pp.157-72.MantleMelting
DS2002-1684
2002
Wang, K., Plank, T., Walker, J.D., Smith, E.I.A mantle melting profile across the Basin and Range, southwest USAJournal of Geophysical Research, Vol.107, 1, ECV 5-1-21.Nevada, Colorado, WyomingMelt
DS2003-0024
2003
Appleyard, C.M., Viljoen, K.S., Dobbe, R.A study of eclogitic diamonds and their inclusions from the Finsch kimberlite pipe8 Ikc Www.venuewest.com/8ikc/program.htm, Session 2, AbstractSouth AfricaEclogites, diamonds, melting, Deposit - Finsch
DS2003-0025
2003
Appora, I., Eiler, J.M., Matthews, A., Stolper, E.M.Experimental determination of oxygen isotope fractionation between CO2 vapor andGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 67, 3, pp. 459-71.GlobalMelilite, Melting
DS2003-0142
2003
Bourdon, B., Turner, S., Dosseto, A.Dehydration and partial melting in subduction zones: constraints from U seriesJournal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, B6, 10.1029/2002JB001839 June 6MantleMelting, Subductioon
DS2003-0326
2003
De Vivo, B., Bodnar, R.J.Melt inclusions in volcanic systemshttp://www.elsevier.com/inca/publications/store/6/7/2/8/0/7/672807.pub.htt, 272p. approx. $ 115.GlobalBook - liquid to glass, magma degassing, melt inclusion
DS2003-0401
2003
Feineman, M.D., De Paolo, D.J.Steady state 226 Ra 230 Th disequilibrium in mantle minerals: implications for meltEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 215, 3-4, pp. 339-55.MantleMelting, geochronology
DS2003-0726
2003
Klein-BenDavid, O., Izraeli, E.S., Navon, O.Volatile rich brine and melt in Canadian diamonds8 Ikc Www.venuewest.com/8ikc/program.htm, Session 3, AbstractNorthwest TerritoriesDiamonds - melting, Deposit - Diavik
DS2003-0732
2003
Klepsis, K.A., Clarke, G.L., Rushmer, T.Magma transport and coupling between deformation and magmatism in the continentalGsa Today, January pp. 4-11.New Zealand, Andes, United StatesCrust - magmatism, emplacement, melting, rheology, Not specific to diamonds
DS2003-0808
2003
Li, K., Wang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, H., Di, Y.Mantle plume, large province and continental breakup - additionaly discussion theActa Seismologica Sinica, Vol. 16, 3, pp. 330-9.ChinaTectonics, melting, plumes
DS2003-0847
2003
Lowman, J.P., King, S.D., Gable, C.W.The role of the heating mode of the mantle in intermittent reorganization of the plateGeophysical Journal International, Vol. 152, No. 2, pp. 455-67.MantleGeophysics - seismics, melting
DS2003-0931
2003
Meibom, A., Anderson, D.L., Sleep, N.H., Frei, R., Chamberlain, C.P., HrenAre high 3 He/ 4 He ratios in oceanic basalts an indicator of deep mantle plumeEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 208, 3-4, pp. 197-204.MantleHelium, Melting
DS2003-1072
2003
PetitFrom hotspots to melting potsScience, No. 5625, June 6, p. 1563.MantleMelting
DS2003-1274
2003
Simakin, A.G., Petford, N.Melt distribution during the bending of a porous, partially melted layerGeophysical Research Letters, Vol. 30, 11, 10.1029/2003GLO16949MantleMelting
DS2003-1316
2003
Souriau, A., Teste, A., Chevrot, S.Is there any structure inside the liquid core?Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 30, 11, 10.1029/2003GLO17008MantleMelting
DS2003-1407
2003
Van Achterbergh, E., Griffin, W.L., O'Reilly, S.Y., Ryan, C.G., Pearson, N.J.Melt inclusions from the deep Slave lithosphere: constraints on the origin and evolution8 Ikc Www.venuewest.com/8ikc/program.htm, Session 3, AbstractNorthwest TerritoriesDiamonds - melting
DS2003-1510
2003
Xu, J.F., Shinjo, R., Defant, M.J., Wang, Q., Rapp, R.P.Origin of Mesozoic adakitic intrusive rocks in the Nigzhen area of east China: partialGeology, Vol. 30, 12, Dec.pp. 111-1114.ChinaMelting, mantle, slab
DS2003-1561
2003
Zhu, W., Hirth, G.A network model for permeability in partially molten rocksEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 212, 3-4, pp. 407-416.MantleMelting
DS2003-1568
2003
Zou, H.,Reid, M.R., Yongshun Liu, Yupeng Yao, Xisheng Xu, Qicheng FanConstraints on the origin of historic potassic basalts from northeast Chin a by U ThChemical Geology, Vol. 200, 1-2, Oct. 16, pp. 189-201.ChinaPhlogopite garnet bearing peridotite, melting, metasoma
DS200412-0012
2004
Akins, J.A., Luo, S.N., Asimow, P.D., Ahrens, T.J.Shock induced melting of MgSiO3 perovskite and implications for melts in Earth's lowermost mantle.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31, 14, DOI 10.1029/2004 GLO20237MantleMelt
DS200412-0025
2003
Anand, M., Gibson, S.A., Subbarao, K., Kelly, S.P., Dickin, A.P.Early Proterozoic melt generation processes beneath the intra cratonic Cuddapah Basin, southern India.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 44, pp. 2139-2171.IndiaCraton, melting
DS200412-0044
2003
Appleyard, C.M., Viljoen, K.S., Dobbe, R.A study of eclogitic diamonds and their inclusions from the Finsch kimberlite pipe, South Africa.8 IKC Program, Session 2, AbstractAfrica, South AfricaEclogite, diamonds, melting Deposit - Finsch
DS200412-0076
2004
Aulbach, S., Griffin, W.L., Pearson, N.J., O'Reilly, S.Y., Kivi, K., Doyle, B.J.Mantle formation and evolution, Slave Craton: constraints from HSE abundances and Re Os isotope systematics of sulfide inclusionChemical Geology, Vol. 208, 1-4, pp. 61-88.Canada, Northwest TerritoriesGeochronology, Lac de Gras, metasomatism, melt-deletion
DS200412-0189
2003
Bourdon, B., Turner, S., Dosseto, A.Dehydration and partial melting in subduction zones: constraints from U series disequilibria.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, B6, 10.1029/2002 JB001839 June 6MantleMelting, Subduction
DS200412-0220
2003
Brooker, R.A., Du, Z., Blundy, J.D., Kelley, S.P., Allan, N.L., Wood, B.J., Chamorro, E.M., Wartho, J.A., PurtThe zero charge partitioning behaviour of noble gases during mantle melting.Nature, No. 6941, June 12, pp. 738-41.MantleMelt, geochemistry
DS200412-0221
2004
Brooker, R.A., Heber, V.S., Kelly, S.P., Wood, B.J.Noble gas partitioning during mantle melting: possible retention of He & Ar relative to U, Th & K.Lithos, ABSTRACTS only, Vol. 73, p. S15. abstractMantleMelting
DS200412-0226
2004
Brown, M.Melt loss from lower continental crust: observations, mechanisms and implications.Geological Association of Canada Abstract Volume, May 12-14, SS04-01 p. 120.abstractMantleOrogen, melting
DS200412-0264
2004
Canil, D.Mildly incompatible elements in peridotites and the origins of mantle lithosphere.Lithos, Vol. 77, 1-4, Sept. pp. 375-393.MantleAl, Cr, V.,Sc, Yb, melting, geochemistry
DS200412-0323
2004
Chesley, J., TRighter, K., Ruiz, J.Large scale mantle metasomatism: a Re Os perspective.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 219, 1-2, Feb.28, pp. 49-60.MantleMelting, subduction, geochronology, rhenium, osmium
DS200412-0408
2004
Dasgupta, R., Hirschmann, M.M., Withers, A.C.Deep global cycling of carbon constrained by the solidus of anhydrous, carbonated eclogite under upper mantle conditions.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 227, 1-2, Oct. 30, pp. 73-85.United States, HawaiiGarnet, pyroxene, carbonated, melting
DS200412-0428
2003
De Vivo, B., Bodnar, R.J.Melt inclusions in volcanic systems.Elsevier, 272p. approx. $ 115.TechnologyBook - liquid to glass, magma degassing, melt inclusion
DS200412-0543
2003
Feineman, M.D., De Paolo, D.J.Steady state 226 Ra 230 Th disequilibrium in mantle minerals: implications for melt transport rates in island arcs.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 215, 3-4, pp. 339-55.MantleMelting, geochronology
DS200412-0654
2003
Gerya, T.V., Yuen, D.A.Rayleigh Taylor instabilities from hydration and melting propel 'cold plumes' at subduction zones.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 212, 1-2, pp. 47-62.MantleMelting, plumes
DS200412-0732
2004
Grove, T.L., Parman, S.W.Thermal evolution of the Earth as recorded by komatiites.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 219, 3-4, March 15, pp. 173-187.MantlePlume, boninites, subduction zones, melting
DS200412-1021
2003
Klepsis, K.A., Clarke, G.L., Rushmer, T.Magma transport and coupling between deformation and magmatism in the continental lithosphere.GSA Today, January pp. 4-11.New Zealand, Andes, United StatesCrust - magmatism, emplacement, melting, rheology Not specific to diamonds
DS200412-1126
2003
Li, K., Wang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, H., Di, Y.Mantle plume, large province and continental breakup - additionaly discussion the Cenozoic and Mesozoic mantle plume problems inActa Seismologica Sinica, Vol. 16, 3, pp. 330-9.ChinaTectonics, melting, plumes
DS200412-1380
2004
Muntener, O., Pettke, T., Desmurs, L., Meier, M., Schaltegger, U.Refertilization of mantle peridotite in embryonic ocean basins: trace element and Nd isotopic evidence and implications to crustEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 221, 1-4, pp. 293-308.MantleGeochronology, melt
DS200412-1536
2003
PetitFrom hotspots to melting pots.Science, No. 5625, June 6, p. 1563.MantleMelting
DS200412-1759
2004
Schmidt, T., Green, D.H., Hibberson, W.O.Ultra calcic magmas generated from Ca depleted mantle: an experimental study on the origin of ankaramites.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 45, 3, pp. 531-554.MantleMagmatism, melt inclusions - not specific to diamonds
DS200412-1825
2003
Simakin, A.G., Petford, N.Melt distribution during the bending of a porous, partially melted layer.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 30, 11, 10.1029/2003 GLO16949MantleMelting
DS200412-1883
2003
Souriau, A., Teste, A., Chevrot, S.Is there any structure inside the liquid core?Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 30, 11, 10.1029/2003 GLO17008MantleMelting
DS200412-2033
2003
Van Achterbergh, E., Griffin, W.L., O'Reilly, S.Y., Ryan, C.G., Pearson, N.J., Kivi, K., Doyle, B.J.Melt inclusions from the deep Slave lithosphere: constraints on the origin and evolution of mantle derived carbonatite and kimbe8 IKC Program, Session 3, AbstractCanada, Northwest TerritoriesDiamonds - melting
DS200412-2118
2004
Williams, H.M., McCammon, C.A., Peslier, Halliday, Teutsch, Levasseur, BurgIron isotope fractionation and the oxygen fugacity of the mantle.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 13th Goldschmidt Conference held Copenhagen Denmark, Vol. 68, 11 Supp. July, ABSTRACT p.A563.MantleMelting
DS200412-2229
2003
Zhu, W., Hirth, G.A network model for permeability in partially molten rocks.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 212, 3-4, pp. 407-416.MantleMelting
DS200412-2239
2003
Zou, H.,Reid, M.R., Yongshun Liu, Yupeng Yao, Xisheng Xu, Qicheng FanConstraints on the origin of historic potassic basalts from northeast Chin a by U Th disequilibrium data.Chemical Geology, Vol. 200, 1-2, Oct. 16, pp. 189-201.ChinaPhlogopite garnet bearing peridotite, melting, metasoma
DS200512-0073
2005
Beard, J.S., Ragland, P.C.Reactive bulk assimilation: a model for crust mantle mixing in silicic magmas.Geology, Vol. 33, 8, August pp. 681-684.MantleMelting, geothermometry
DS200512-0130
2005
Bzos, S., Humler, E.Fe ratios of MORB glasses and their implications for mantle melting.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 69, 3, pp. 711-725.MantleMelting
DS200512-0227
2004
De Vivo, B., Lima, A., Webster, J.D.Volatiles in magmatic volcanic systems.Elements, Vol. 1, 1, Jan. pp. 19-24.Melt inclusions, volatiles
DS200512-0250
2005
Dudnikova, V.B., Gaister, A.V., Zharikov, E.V., Senin, V.G., Urusov, V.S.Chromium distribution between forsterite and its melt: dependence on chromium content in melt and redox conditions.Geochemistry International, Vol. 43, 5, pp. 471-477.MantleMelting
DS200512-0252
2005
Dufek, J., Cooper, K.M.226Ra /230Th excess generated in the lower crust: implications for magma transport and storage time scales.Geology, Vol. 33, 10, Oct, pp. 833-36.MantleMelting
DS200512-0311
2005
Ganguly, J.Adiabatic decompression and melting of mantle rocks: an irreversible thermodynamic analysis.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, 6, March 28, L06312MantleMelting
DS200512-0341
2005
Girnis, A.V., Bulatov, V.K., Brey, G.P.Transition from kimberlite to carbonatite melt under mantle parameters: an experimental study.Petrology, Vol. 13, 1, pp. 1-15.Melting - kimberlite/carbonatite
DS200512-0367
2005
Gregoire, M., Tinguely, C., Bell, D.R., Le Roex, A.P.Spinel lherzolite xenoliths from the Premier kimberlite ( Kaapvaal craton) South Africa: nature and evolution of the shallow upper mantle beneath Bushveld Complex.Lithos, Vol. 84, 3-4, Oct. pp. 185-205.Africa, South AfricaPetrology - Premier, melting, metasomatism
DS200512-0380
2005
Guilhaumou, N., Sautter, V., Dumas, P.Synchrotron FTIR microanalysis of volatiles in melt inclusions and exsolved particles in ultramafic deep seated garnets.Chemical Geology, In press.Africa, South AfricaJagersfontein, ultradeep xenoliths, partial melting
DS200512-0437
2005
Hirschmann, M.M., Aubaud, C., Withers, A.C.Storage capacity of H2O in nominally anhydrous minerals in the upper mantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Advanced in press,MantleWadsleyite, peridotite, melting
DS200512-0465
2005
Ito, G., Mahoney, J.J.Flow and melting of a heterogeneous mantle: 1. method and importance to the geochemistry of ocean island and mid-ocean ridge basalts.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 230, 1-2, pp. 29-46.MantleMagmatism, melting
DS200512-0466
2005
Ito, G., Mahoney, J.J.Flow and melting of a heterogeneous mantle. II.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 230, 1-2, pp. 47-63.MantleMelting
DS200512-0484
2004
Johnston, A.D., Schwab, B.E.Constraints on clinopyroxene/ melt partitioning of REE, Rb, Sr, Ti, Cr, Zr. Nb during mantle melting:insights from direct peridotite melting experiments 1.0 GPaGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 68, 23, pp. 4949-4962.MantleMelting
DS200512-0500
2003
Katz, R.F., Spiegelman, M., Langmuir, C.H.A new parameterization of hydrous mantle melting.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: G3, Vol. 4, 9, p. 1073 10.1029/2002 GC000433MantleMelting, water
DS200512-0512
2004
Kepezhinskas, P.K.Slab melt mantle interaction, sub-arc metasomatism and possible implications for the origin of cratonic lithosphere.Deep seated magmatism, its sources and their relation to plume processes., pp. 302-308.MantleSubduction, melting
DS200512-0652
2004
Lizarralde, D., Gaherty, D., Collins, J.B., Hirth, J.A., Kim, S.D.Spreading rate dependence of melt extraction at mid-ocean ridges from mantle seismic refraction data.Nature, No. 7018, Dec. 9, pp. 744-746.MantleMelting
DS200512-0699
2005
McCammon, C.The paradox of mantle redox.Science, Vol. 308, 5723, May 6, p. 807-8.MantleMelting
DS200512-0759
2004
Mysen, B.O.Element partitioning between minerals and melt, melt composition, and melt structure.Chemical Geology, Vol. 213, -3, Dec. 15. pp. 1-16.Magma, melt composition
DS200512-0780
2004
Nielsen, T.K., Hopper, J.R.From rift to drift: mantle melting during continental breakup.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: G3, Vol. 5, 7, Q07003MantleMelting
DS200512-0831
2005
Pearce, J.A.Mantle preconditioning by melt extraction during flow: theory and petrogenetic implications.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 46, 5, pp. 973-997.MantleMelting
DS200512-0833
2005
Peate, D.W., Hawkesworth, C.J.U series disequilibria: insights into mantle melting and the timescales of magma differentiation.Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 43, 1, March 31, RG 1003MantleMelt, metasomatism
DS200512-0873
2005
Presnall, D.C., Gudfinnsson, G.H.Carbonate rich melts in the oceanic low-velocity zone and deep mantle.Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms, pp. 207-216. ( total book 861p. $ 144.00)MantleCarbonate melts
DS200512-0907
2004
Rivalenti, G., Mazzucchelli, M., Laurora, A., Ciuffi, S.I.A., Zanetti, A., Vannucci, R., Cingolani, C.A.The backarc mantle lithosphere in Patagonia, South America.Journal of South American Earth Sciences, Vol. 17, 2, Oct. 30, pp. 121-152.South America, PatagoniaXenoliths, geothermometry, melting, slab, subduction
DS200512-1036
2005
Srivastava, R.K., Heaman, L.M., Sinha, A.K., Shihua, S.Emplacement age and isotope geochemistry of Sung Valley alkaline carbonatite complex, Shillong Plateau, northeastern India: implications for primary carbonateLithos, Vol. 81, 1-4, April pp. 33-54.IndiaMelt, silicate rocks, geochronology, Kerguelen plume
DS200512-1086
2004
Thorkelson, D.J., Brietsprecher, K.Partial melting of slab window margins: genesis of adakitic and non-adalitic magmas.Lithos, Vol. 79, pp. 25-41.MantleSubduction, magmatism, dynamic melting
DS200512-1094
2005
Tomlinson, E., De Schrijver, I., De Corte, K., Jones, A.P., Moens, L., Vanhaecke, F.Trace element compositions of submicroscopic inclusions in coated diamond: a tool for understanding diamond petrogenesis.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 69, 19, Oct. 1, pp. 4719-4732.Africa, Democratic Republic of CongoSilicate melt inclusions, Group 1, diamond inclusions
DS200512-1105
2005
Tuff, J., Takahashi, E., Gibson, S.A.Experimental constraints on the role of garnet pyroxenite in the genesis of high Fe mantle plume derived melts.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 46, 10, pp. 2023-2058.MantleMelting
DS200512-1123
2004
Van Orman, J.A.On the viscosity and creep mechanism of Earth's inner core.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31, 20, Oct. 28, DOI 10.1029/2004 GLO21209MantleMelting
DS200512-1179
2005
Williams, H.M., Peslier, A.H., McCammon, C., Halliday, A.N., Levasseur, S., Teutsch, N., Burg, J.P.Systematic iron isotope variations in mantle rocks and minerals: the effects of partial melting and oxygen fugacity.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Advanced in press,MantleMelting
DS200512-1180
2005
Williams, H.M., Peslier, A.H., McCammon, C., Halliday, A.N., Levasseur, S., Teutsch, N., Burg, J.P.Systematic iron isotope variations in mantle rocks and minerals. The effects of partial melting and oxygen fugacity.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 235, 1-2, pp. 435-452.MantleGeochronology, melting
DS200612-0001
2006
Adam, J., Green, T.Trace element partitioning between mica and amphibole bearing garnet lherzolite and hydrous basanitic melt: 1. experimental results and the investigation controlsContributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Online, availableAustralia, TasmaniaPartitioning behaviour, melting
DS200612-0113
2006
Bedard, J.H.A catalytic delamination driven model for coupled genesis of Archean crust and sub-continental lithospheric mantle.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 70, 5, pp. 1188-1214.MantleModel - delimination, melting, subduction, Minto Block
DS200612-0143
2006
Bodnar, R.J.Fluid and melt inclusion evidence for immiscibility in nature.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 70, 18, p. 29, abstract only.MantleMelting
DS200612-0155
2006
Bourdon, B., Van Orman, J.236 Ra deficits in OIB: a key to the rate of melt extraction in ther mantle.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 70, 18, p. 1, abstract only.Europe, Cape Verde IslandsMelting
DS200612-0175
2006
Brooker, R.The role of experiments and theory in understanding volatile control on the kimberlite eruption mechanism.Emplacement Workshop held September, 5p. extended abstractTechnologyModels, melt structure
DS200612-0178
2006
Brown, M.Melt extraction from the lower continental crust of orogens: the field evidence.Evolution and differentiation of Continental Crust, ed. Brown, M., Rushmer, T., Cambridge Univ. Press, Chapter 2, pp. 331-383.MantleMagma transport, melting
DS200612-0206
2006
Cagnard, F., Durrieu, N., Gapais, D., Brun, J-P., Ehlers, C.Crustal thickening and lateral flow during compression of hot lithospheres, with particular reference to Precambrian times.Terra Nova, Vol. 18, 1, pp. 72-78.MantleMelting
DS200612-0260
2006
Clemens, J.D.Melting of the continental crust: fluid regimes, melting reactions and source rock fertility.Brown, M., Rushmer, T., Evolution and differentiation of the continental crust, Cambridge Publ., Chapter 9,MantleMelting
DS200612-0261
2006
Clemens, J.D.Melting of the continental crust: fluid regimes, melting reactions and source rock fertility.Evolution and differentiation of Continental Crust, ed. Brown, M., Rushmer, T., Cambridge Univ. Press, Chapter 2, pp. 296-330.MantleMelting
DS200612-0263
2006
Coban, H., Flower, M.F.J.Mineral phase compositions in silica undersaturated leucite lamproites from the Bucak area Ispart, SW Turkey.Lithos, In pressEurope, TurkeyMBL Mechanical Boundary Layer, melting, lamproites
DS200612-0294
2006
Cruden, A.R.Emplacement and growth of plutons: implications for rates of melting and mass transfer in continental crust.Brown, M., Rushmer, T., Evolution and differentiation of the continental crust, Cambridge Publ., Chapter 11,MantleMelting
DS200612-0307
2006
Das Gupta, R., Hirschmann, M.M.Melting in the Earth's deep upper mantle caused by carbon dioxide.Nature, Vol. 440, 7084, Mar. 30, pp. 659-662.MantleMelting
DS200612-0451
2006
Gerya, T.V., Connolly, J.A.D., Yuen, D.A., Gorczyk, W., Capel, A.M.Seismic implications of mantle wedge plumes.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 156, 1-2, June 16, pp. 59-74.MantleGeophysics - seismic, subduction, tomography, melting
DS200612-0452
2006
Gerya, T.V., Connolly, J.A.D., Yuen, D.A., Gorczyk, W., Capel, A.M.Seismic implications of mantle wedge plumes.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 156, 1-2, pp. 59-74.MantleSubduction zones, tomography, melting
DS200612-0456
2006
Ghosh, S., Ohtani, E., Litasov, K.D., Suzuki, A.Density of carbonated basaltic melt at the conditions of Earth's upper mantle.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 70, 18, p. 15, abstract only.MantleMelting
DS200612-0457
2006
Ghosh, S., Ohtani, E., Litasov, K.D., Suzuki, A., Terasaki, H.Solidus of carbonated peridotite tp 20 GPa.International Mineralogical Association 19th. General Meeting, held Kobe, Japan July 23-28 2006, Abstract p. 140.MantleMelting
DS200612-0464
2006
Girnis, A.V., Bulatov, V.K., Lahaye, Y., Brey, G.P.Partitioning of trace elements between carbonate silicate melts and mantle minerals: experiment and petrological consequences.Petrology, Vol. 14, 5, pp. 492-514.MantleMelts
DS200612-0502
2006
Groebner, N., Kohlstedt, D.L.Deformation induced metal melt networks in silicates: implications for core mantle interactions in planetary bodies.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 245, 3-4, May 30, pp. 571-580.MantleMelting
DS200612-0504
2006
Grove, T.L., Chatterjee, N., Parman, S.W., Medard, E.The influence of H2O on mantle wedge melting.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 249, 1-2, Sept. 15, pp. 74-89.MantleWater, melting
DS200612-0505
2006
Grove, T.L., Chatterjee, N., Parman, S.W., Medard, E.The influence of H2O on mantle wedge melting.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 249, 1-2, pp. 74-89.MantleWater, melting
DS200612-0548
2006
Hauri, E.H., Gaetani, G.A., Green, T.H.Partitioning of water during melting of the Earth's upper mantle at H2O undersaturated conditions.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 248, 3-4, Aug. 30, pp. 715-734.MantleMelting
DS200612-0552
2006
Hayes, G.P., Johnson, C.B., Furlong, K.P.Evidence for melt injection in the crust of northern California?Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 248, 3-4, Aug. 30, pp. 638-649.United States, CaliforniaMelting
DS200612-0559
2006
Heinrich, C.A.From fluid inclusion microanalysis to large scale hydrothermal mass transfer in the Earth's interior.International Mineralogical Association 19th. General Meeting, held Kobe, Japan July 23-28 2006, Abstract p.MantleMelt inclusions
DS200612-0566
2005
Henderson, G.S.The structure of silicate melts: a glass perspective.The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 43, 6, Dec. pp. 1921-1958.TechnologySilicate melts
DS200612-0570
2006
Hermann, J., Manning, C.Deep fluid release from the slab.Goldschmidt Conference 16th. Annual, S6-02 theme abstract 1/8p. goldschmidt2006.orgMantleMelting
DS200612-0730
2006
Kopylova, M.G., Matveev, S., Raudsepp, M.Searching for primary kimberlite magma,Emplacement Workshop held September, 5p. extended abstractCanada, Northwest TerritoriesDeposit, Jericho, Gahcho Kue, melts
DS200612-0742
2005
Kozai, Y., Arima, M.Experimental study on diamond dissolution in kimberlitic and lamproitic melts at 1300 - 1420 C and 1 GPa with controlled oxygen partial pressure.American Mineralogist, Vol. 90, pp. 1759-1766.Africa, South Africa, AustraliaWesselton, Mount North, melt solubility
DS200612-0800
2006
Lensky, N.G., Nicho, R.W., Holloway, J.R., Lyakhovsky, V., Navon, O.Bubble nucleation as a trigger for xenolith entrapment in mantle melts.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 245, 1-2, pp. 278-288.MantleMelting
DS200612-0857
2005
Manglik, A., Christensen, U.R.Effect of lithospheric root on decompression melting in plume lithosphere interaction models.Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 164, 1, pp. 259-MantleMelting
DS200612-0879
2006
Matsumoto, N., Namiki, A., Sumita, I.Influence of a basal thermal anomaly on mantle convection.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, in press availableMantleGeothermometry, mantle convection, hot spot, melting
DS200612-0958
2006
Mysen, B.Structure and properties of hydrous silicate melts.International Mineralogical Association 19th. General Meeting, held Kobe, Japan July 23-28 2006, Abstract p. 154.MantleMelting
DS200612-0960
2006
Mysen, B.O.Redox equilibration temperatures of iron and silicate melt structure: implications for olivine melt element partitioning.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 70, 12, June pp. 3121-3138.MantleMelting
DS200612-0978
2006
Nielsen, T.F.D.,Turkov, V.A., Solovova, I.P., Kogarko, L.N., Ryabchikov, I.D.A Hawaiian beginning for the Iceland plume: modelling of reconnaissance dat a for olivine hosted melt inclusions in Palaeogene picrite lavas East Greenland.Lithos, in press availableEurope, GreenlandPicrite, melting
DS200612-1116
2006
Qicheng, Fan, Sui Jianli, Ping Xu, Li Ni, Sun Qian, Wang TuanhuaSi and alkali rich melt inclusions in minerals of mantle peridotites from eastern China: implications for lithospheric evolution.Science China Earth Sciences, Vol. 49, 1, pp. 43-49.ChinaPeridotite, tectonics, melting
DS200612-1183
2006
Rubie, D.C., Duffy, T.S., Ohtani, E.New developments in high pressure mineral physics and applications to the Earth's interior.Elsevier, 750p. approx. $ 120 USMantleBook - mantle mineralogy, volatiles, rheology, melting
DS200612-1185
2006
Ruedas, T.Dynamics, crustal thicknesses, seismic anomalies, and electrical conductivities in dry and hydrous ridge-centered plumes.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 155, 1-2, April 14, pp. 16-41.Mantle3 D convection, melting , geophysics, water
DS200612-1186
2006
Rushmer, T., Miller, S.A.Melt migration in the continental crust and generation of lower crustal permeability: inferences from modeling and experimental studies.Evolution and differentiation of Continental Crust, ed. Brown, M., Rushmer, T., Cambridge Univ. Press, Chapter 2, pp. 430-454.MantleMelting
DS200612-1187
2006
Russell, J.K., Giordano, D., Kopylova, M., Moss, S.Transport properties of kimberlite melt.Emplacement Workshop held September, 5p. abstractGlobalMelting - composition
DS200612-1189
2006
Rutter, E.H., Mecklenburgh, J.The extraction of melt from crustal protoliths and the flow behaviour of partially molten crustal rocks: an experimental perspective.Evolution and differentiation of Continental Crust, ed. Brown, M., Rushmer, T., Cambridge Univ. Press, Chapter 2, pp. 384-429.MantleMelting
DS200612-1207
2006
Sakamaki, T., Suzuki, A., Ohtani, E.Stability of hydrous melt at the base of the Earth's upper mantle.Nature, No. 7073, Jan. 12, pp. 192-194.MantleMelting
DS200612-1239
2006
Schmelling, H.A model of episodic melt extraction for plumes.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, B3, B03202 March 23,MantleMelting
DS200612-1276
2006
Shaw, D.M.Trace elements in magmas. A theoretical treatment. Crystallization, partition coefficients, modelling, dynamic mantle melting.cambridge.org/us/earth, 254p. $ 110.00 ISBN 10-0521822149TechnologyBook - magmatism, melting
DS200612-1295
2005
Shushkanova, A.V., Litvin, Y.A.Phase relations in diamond forming carbonate silicate sulphide systems on melting.Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 46, 12, pp. 1317-1326.TechnologyMelting - chemistry
DS200612-1326
2006
Smyth, J.R., Holl, C.M., Frost, D.J., Keppler, H., Nestola, F., Mierdel, K.Hydration of nominally anhydrous minerals: melt generation, physical properties, and dynamics of the upper mantle.International Mineralogical Association 19th. General Meeting, held Kobe, Japan July 23-28 2006, Abstract p.102.MantleMelt generation
DS200612-1555
2006
Xiong, X.L., Xia, B., Hu, J.F., Niu, H.C., Xiao, W.S.Na depletion in modern adakites via melt/rock reaction within the subarc mantle.Chemical Geology, Vol. 229, 4, May 30, pp. 273-292.MantleSlab, subduction, melting
DS200712-0048
2007
Ball, P.Diamonds 'melted ' inside an onion.Nature, Vol. 448, 7152 pp. 396-397.TechnologyMelting
DS200712-0074
2007
Bernstein, J., Fermenias, O., Coussaert, N., Mercier, J.C.C., Demaiffe, D.Consistent olivine Mg in cratonic mantle reflects Archean mantle melting to the exhaustion of orthopyroxene.Geology, Vol. 35, 5, pp. 459-462.MantleMelting
DS200712-0075
2007
Bernstein, S., Kelemen, P.B., Hanghoj, K.Consistent olivine Mg# in cratonic mantle reflects Archean mantle melting to the exhaustion of orthopyroxene.Geology, Vol. 35, 5, May pp. 459-462.MantleMelting
DS200712-0118
2007
Brown, M.Crustal melting and melt extraction, ascent and emplacement in orogens: mechanisms.Journal Geological Society of London, Vol. 164, 4, pp. 709-730.MantleMelting
DS200712-0322
2007
Foulger, G.R.The plate model for the genesis of melting anomalies.Plates, plumes and Planetary Processes, pp. 1-28.MantleMelting
DS200712-0350
2007
Garrett, M., Bercovici, D.On the dynamics of a hydrous melt layer above the transition zone.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 112, B7, B07401MantleMelting
DS200712-0351
2007
Garrett, M., Bercovici, D.On the dynamics of a hydrous melt layer above the transition zone.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 112, B7, B07401MantleMelting
DS200712-0365
2007
Gobalek, G., Scmelling, H.Earth's core formation aided by flow channelling induced by Rayleigh Taylor Instabilities.Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms, 1p. abstract p. A336.MantleMelting
DS200712-0372
2007
Gopalan, K.Helium isotopic memories of episodic mantle melting and crustal growth.Current Science, Vol. 93, 1, July 10, pp. 13-14.MantleMelting
DS200712-0374
2007
Gorczyk, W.A., Gerya, T.V., Connolly, J.A.D., Burg, J-P., Yuen, D.A.Melting and mixing processes in mantle wedges.Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms, 1p. abstract p. A346.MantleMelting
DS200712-0399
2007
Hack, A.C., Hermann, J., Mavrogenes, J.A.Mineral solubility and hydrous melting relations in the deep earth: analysis of some binary A-H2O system pressure-temperature composition topologies.American Journal of Science, Vol. 307, 5, pp. 833-855.MantleMelting - water
DS200712-0409
2007
Hanchar, J.M., van Westrenen, W.Rare earth element behaviour in zircon melt systems.Elements, Vol. 3, 1, Feb. pp.37-42.MantleMelting
DS200712-0430
2007
Hernlund, J.W., Tackley, P.J.Some dynamical consequences of partial melting in Earth's deep mantle.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 162, 1-2, pp. 149-163.MantleMelting
DS200712-0431
2007
Hernlund, J.W., Tackley, P.J.Some dynamical consequences of partial melting in Earth's deep mantle.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 162, 1-2, pp. 149-163.MantleMelting
DS200712-0442
2007
Hirschmann, M.M., Dasgupta, R.Carbonatite mantle interaction in the formation of highly alkalic oceanic island basalts.Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms, 1p. abstract p. A408.MantleMelting
DS200712-0446
2007
Hofmann, A.W., Goldstein, S.L., Class, C.Is D' a low mu reservoir?Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms, 1p. abstract p. A410.MantleMelting
DS200712-0450
2006
Holness, M.How melted rock migrates.Science, Vol. 314, Nov. 10, pp. 934-935.MantleMelting
DS200712-0459
2007
Hustoft, J., Scott, T., Kohlstedt, D.L.Effect of metallic melt on the viscosity of peridotite.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 260, 1-2, pp. 355-360.MantleMelting
DS200712-0460
2007
Hustoft, J., Scott, T., Kohlstedt, D.L.Effect of metallic melt on the viscosity of peridotite.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 260, 1-2, pp. 355-360.MantleMelting
DS200712-0503
2007
Kamenetsky, V.S., Gurenko, A.A.Cryptic crustal contamination of MORB primitive melts recorded in olive hosted glass and mineral inclusions.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 153, 4, pp. 465-481..TechnologyMelting
DS200712-0518
2007
Kelemen, P.B.Feedback mechanisms in reactive fluid transport: field examples and simple models.Frontiers in Mineral Sciences 2007, Joint Meeting of Mineralogical societies Held June 26-28, Cambridge, Abstract Volume p. 37-38.MantleMelting
DS200712-0519
2007
Kelemen, P.B.Feedback mechanisms in reactive fluid transport: field examples and simple models.Frontiers in Mineral Sciences 2007, Joint Meeting of Mineralogical societies Held June 26-28, Cambridge, Abstract Volume p. 37-38.MantleMelting
DS200712-0523
2006
Kelley, K.A., Plank, T., Grove, T.L., Stolper, E.M., Newman, S., Hauri, E.Mantle melting as a function of water content beneath back arc basins.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, B9, B09208.MantleMelting
DS200712-0603
2007
Le Roux, V., Bodinier, J-L., Alard, O., Wieland, P., O'Reilly, S.Y.Insights into refertilization processes in lithospheric mantle from integrated isotopic studies in the Lherz Massif.Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms, 1p. abstract p. A563.Europe, FranceMelting
DS200712-0606
2007
Leahy, G.M., Bercovici, D.On the dynamics of a hydrous melt layer above the transition zone.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 112, B7, B07401.MantleMelting
DS200712-0624
2007
Liang, Y.Effects of source heterogeneity and upwelling rate on trace element distribution during mantle melting.Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms, 1p. abstract p. A578.MantleMelting
DS200712-0650
2007
Lorand, J-P.Do orogenic peridotites preserve platinum group element systematics of mantle melting processes?Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms, 1p. abstract p. A595.MantleMelting
DS200712-0676
2007
Mallman, G., O'Neill, H.S.The effect of oxygen fugacity on the partitioning of Re between crystals and silicate melt during mantle melting.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 71, 11, pp. 2837-2857.MantleMelting
DS200712-0677
2007
Mallmann, G., O'Neill, H.St.C.The effect of oxygen fugacity on the partitioning of Re between crystals and silicate melt during mantle melting.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 71, 11, June 1, pp. 2837-2857.MantleMelting
DS200712-0718
2007
Mentener, O., Piccardo, G.B.Melt rock reaction processes in the mantle and their bearing on mantle petrology and chemistry.Lithos, Vol. 99, 1-2, pp. 3p. introduction.MantleMelting
DS200712-0791
2007
O'Neill, H.St.C., Mallmann, G.The P/Nd ratio of basalt as an indicator of pyroxenite in its source.Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms, 1p. abstract p. A741.MantleMelting
DS200712-0805
2007
Parman, S.W.Helium isotope evidence for episodic mantle melting and crustal growth.Nature, Vol. 446, 7138, pp. 900-903.MantleMelting
DS200712-0822
2007
Pearson, D.G., Parman, S.W., Nowell, G.M.A link between large mantle melting events and continent growth seen in osmium isotopes.Nature, Vol. 449, Sept. 13, ppp. 202-205.MantleGeochronology, melting
DS200712-0869
2007
Ranalli, G., Piccardo, G.B., Corona Chavez, P.Softening of the continental lithsopheric mantle by asthenospheric melts and the continental extension /oceanic spreading transition.Journal of Geodynamics, Vol. 43, 4-5, pp. 450-464.MantleMelting
DS200712-0910
2007
Rosenthal, A., Yaxley, G.M., Green, D.H., Hermann, J., Spandler, C.S.Phase and melting relations of a residual garnet clinopyroxenite.Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms, 1p. abstract p. A851.MantleMelting
DS200712-0923
2007
Sa Gupta, R., Hirschmann, M.M., Smith, N.D.Partial melting experiments of peridotite + CO2 at 3 GPa and genesis of alkalic Ocean Island basalts.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 48, 11, pp. 2093-2124.MantleMelting
DS200712-0925
2006
Safonov, O.G., Perchuk, L.L., Litvin, Y.A.Melting relations in the chloride carbonate silicate systems at high pressure and model for formation of alkalic diamond forming liquids in the upper mantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, in press availableTechnologyUHP, melts, kimberlites
DS200712-0927
2007
Sallares, V., Calahorrano, A.Geophysical characterization of mantle melting anomalies: a crustal view.Plates, plumes and Planetary Processes, pp. 507-524.MantleMelting
DS200712-0928
2007
Saltykova, A.K., Nikitina, L.P., Matukov, D.I.U Pb age and REE dat a (SHRIMP II) on zircons in mantle xenoliths from alkaline basalts ( Vitim area, Transbaikalia): implications for upper mantle partial..Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms, 1p. abstract p. A870.MantleMelting
DS200712-0947
2006
Schiano, P., Provost, A., Clocchiatti, R., Faure, F.Transcrystalline melt migration and Earth's mantle.Science, Vol. 314, Nov. 10, pp. 970-974.MantleTectonics, volcanism, geothermometry, melting
DS200712-0971
2007
Shaw, C.S.J., Dingwell, D.B.An experimental study of the origin of reaction textures in mantle xenoliths.Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms, 1p. abstract p. A924.MantleMelting, metasomatism
DS200712-1008
2007
Sobolev, A.V.The amount of recycled crust in sources of mantle derived melts.Science, Vol. 316, no. 5823, April 20, pp. 412-416.MantleMelting
DS200712-1009
2007
Sobolev, A.V.Melt inclusions and host olivines: what do they tell about mantle processes and sources?Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms, 1p. abstract p. A951.MantleMelting
DS200712-1018
2007
Sonin, V., Zhimulev, E., Afanasev, V., Fedorov, I., Cheperov, A.Diamond interaction with silicate melts in a hydrogen atmosphere.Geochemistry International, Vol. 45, 4, pp. 399-404.TechnologyMelting
DS200712-1019
2007
Sonin, V., Zhimulev, E., Afanasev, V., Fedorov, I., Cheperov, A.Diamond interaction with silicate melts in a hydrogen atmosphere.Geochemistry International, Vol. 45, 4, pp. 399-404.TechnologyMelting
DS200712-1125
2007
Vocadlo, L.Ab initio calculations of the elasticity of iron and iron alloys at inner core conditions: evidence for a partially melted inner core?Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 254, 1-2, Feb. 15, pp. 227-232.MantleMelting
DS200712-1131
2007
Wang, J., Hattori, K., Killan, R., Stern, C.Metasomatism of sub arc mantle peridotites below southernmost South America: reduction of f02 by slab melt.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 153, 5, pp. 607-624.South AmericaMelting
DS200712-1134
2007
Wang, X-C., Li, X-H., Li, W-X., Li, Z-X.Ca 825 Ma komatiitic basalts in south China: first evidence for > 1500 C mantle melts by a Rodinian mantle plume.Geology, Vol. 35, 12 Dec. pp. 1103-1106.ChinaMelting
DS200712-1149
2007
Weyer, S., Ionov, D.A.Partial melting and melt percolation in the mantle: the message from Fe isotopes.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 259, 1-2, July 15, pp. 119-133.MantleMelting
DS200712-1150
2007
Weyer, S., Ionov, D.A.Partial melting and melt percolation in the mantle: the message from Fe isotopes.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 259, 1-2, pp. 119-133.MantleMelting
DS200712-1151
2007
Weyer, S., Ionov, D.A.Partial melting and melt percolation in the mantle: the message from Fe isotopes.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 259, 1-2, pp. 119-133.MantleMelting
DS200712-1192
2006
Xiong, X-L.Trace element evidence for growth of early continental crust by melting of rutile eclogite.Geology, Vol. 37, 11, pp. 945-948.MantleMelting - not specific to diamonds
DS200712-1202
2007
Yaxley, G.M., Spandler, C.S., Green, D.H., Rosenthal, A., Brey, G.P.The influence of minor elements on melting of eclogite in the mantle.Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms, 1p. abstract p. A1143.MantleMelting
DS200712-1206
2007
Yoshino, T., Nishihara, Y., Karato, S.Complete wetting of olivine grain boundaries by a hydrous melt near the mantle transition zone.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 256, 3-4, pp. 466-472.MantleMelting
DS200712-1225
2007
Zhang, H-F., Nakamura, E., Sun, M., Kobayashi,K., Zhang, J., Yang, J-F., Tang, Y-J.Transformation of subcontinental lithospheric mantle through peridotite melt reaction: evidence from a highly fertile mantle xenolith from the North Chin a Craton.International Geology Review, Vol. 49, 7, July pp. 658-679.ChinaMelting
DS200712-1247
2007
Zou, Z., Leyton, F., Koper, K.D.Partial melt in the lowermost mantle near the base of a plume.Journal of Geophysics International, Vol. 168, 2, pp. 809-817.MantleMelting
DS200812-0042
2008
Arima, M., Koozai, Y.Diamond dissolution rates in kimberlitic melts at 1300-1500 C in the graphite stability field.European Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 20, no. 3, 357-364.TechnologyMelting
DS200812-0070
2008
Avramov, I.Pressure dependence of viscosity, or is the Earth's mantle a glass?Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, Vol. 20, 24, p. 244106MantleMelting
DS200812-0074
2008
Bailey, K., Kearns, S.Kimberlitic melt in the carbonate volcanism of Calatrava, central Spain.9IKC.com, 3p. extended abstractEurope, SpainMelting
DS200812-0140
2008
Brey, G.P., Bulatov, V.K., Girnis, A.V.Experimental melting of magnesite bearing peridotite with H2O and F at 6 - 10 GPa, and implications for the genesis of kimberlites.9IKC.com, 3p. extended abstractMantleMelting
DS200812-0141
2008
Brey, G.P., Bulatov, V.K., Girnis, A.V., Lahaye, Y.Experimental melting of carbonated peridotite at 6-10 GPa.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 49, 4, pp. 797-821.MantleMelting
DS200812-0143
2008
Bromiley, G.D., Redfern, S.A.T.The role of TiO2 phases during melting of subduction modified crust: implications for deep mantle melting.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 267, 1-2, pp.301-308.MantleMelting
DS200812-0264
2008
Dasgupta, R., Walker, D.Carbon solubility in core melts in a shallow magma ocean environment and distribution of carbon between the Earth's core and the mantle.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 72, 18, pp. 4627-4641.MantleMelting
DS200812-0362
2008
Foley, S.F., Jacob, D.E.Trace element and isotopic effects of mantle metasomatism by carbonatitic and alkaline silicate melts in the lower cratonic mantle lithosphere.9IKC.com, 3p. extended abstractMantleMelting
DS200812-0429
2008
Green, D.H., Hibberson, W.O., O'Neill, H.St.C.Clarification of the influence of water on mantle wedge melting.Goldschmidt Conference 2008, Abstract p.A325.MantleMelting
DS200812-0438
2008
Guzmics, T., Zajacz, Z., Kodoenyi, J., Halter, W., Szabo, C.LA ICP MS study of apatite and K feldspar hosted primary carbonatite melt inclusions in clinopyroxenite xenoliths from lamprophyres, Hungary: implicationsGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 72, 7, pp. 1864-1886.Mantle, Europe, HungaryCarbonatite, melts
DS200812-0467
2008
Hernlund, J.W., Stevenson, D.J., Takley, P.J.Bouyant melting instabilities beneath extending lithosphere: 1. numerical models.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, B4, B04405MantleMelting
DS200812-0468
2008
Hernlund, J.W., Stevenson, D.J., Takley, P.J.Bouyant melting instabilities beneath extending lithosphere: 2. linear analysis.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, B4, B04406MantleMelting
DS200812-0476
2008
Hirschmann, M.M., Tenner, T., Aubaud, C.Understanding dehydration melting of a nominally anhydrous mantle: the primacy of partitioning.Goldschmidt Conference 2008, Abstract p.A381.MantleMelting
DS200812-0482
2008
Holbig, E.S., Grove, T.L.Mantle melting beneath the Tibetan Plateau: experimental constraints on ultrapotassic magmatism.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, B4, B04210Asia, TibetMelting
DS200812-0511
2008
Ivanov, A.V., Demonterova, E.I., Rasskazov, S.V., Yasnygina, T.A.Low Ti melts from the southeastern Siberian Traps large Igneous Province: evidence for a water rich mantle source?Journal of Earth System Science, Vol. 117, 1, pp. 1-21.Russia, SiberiaMelting
DS200812-0514
2008
Jakobsson, S., Holloway, J.R.Mantle melting in equilibrium with an iron wustite.. graphite buffered COH fluid.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 155, 2, pp. 247-256.MantleMelting
DS200812-0540
2008
Kamenetsky, V.S., Kamenetsky, M.B., Weiss, Y., Navon, O., Nielsen, T.F.D., Mernagh, T.P.Alkali carbonates and chlorine in kimberlites from Canada and Greenland: evidence from melt inclusions and serpentine.9IKC.com, 3p. extended abstractCanada, Northwest Territories, Greenland, RussiaMelting
DS200812-0640
2008
Le Roux, V., Tommasi, A., Vauchez, A.Feedback between melt percolation and deformation in an exhumed lithosphere asthenosphere boundary.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 274, pp. 410-413.MantleMelting
DS200812-0642
2008
Lee, S.K., Lin, J.F., Cai, Y.Q., Hiraoka, N., Eng, P.J., Okuchi, T., Mao, H., Meng, Y., Hu, M.Y.,Chow, P.X ray Raman scattering study of MgSi)3 glass at high pressure: implication for triclustered MgSiO3 melt in Earth's mantle.Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences USA, Vol. 105, 23, June 10, pp. 7925-7929.MantleMelting
DS200812-0671
2008
Litvin, Yu.A., Bobrov, A.V.Experimental study of diamond crystallization in carbonate peridotite melts at 8.5 GPa.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 422, 1 Oct. pp. 1167-1171.TechnologyMelting
DS200812-0672
2008
Litvin, Yu.A., Litvin, V.Y., Kadik, A.A.Experimental characterization of diamond crystallization in melts of mantle silicate carbonate carbon systems at 7.0-8.5 GPa.Geochemistry International, Vol. 46, 6, pp. 531-553.MantleMelting
DS200812-0736
2008
Medard, E., Schmidt, M.Composition of low degree hydrous melts of fertile spinel or garnet bearing lherzolite.Goldschmidt Conference 2008, Abstract p.A617.TechnologyMelting
DS200812-0781
2008
Mysen, B.O.Olivine melt transition metal partitioning, melt composition, and melt structure - melt polymerization and Qn speciation in alkaline earth silicate systems.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 72, 19, Oct. 1, pp. 4796-4812.MantleMelting
DS200812-0832
2008
Osmaston, M.F.Extra thick plates: basis for a single model of mantle magmagenesis, all the way from MORB to kimberlite.Goldschmidt Conference 2008, Abstract p.A711.MantleMelting
DS200812-0844
2008
Panina, L.I.Origin and evolution of carbonatite magmas.9IKC.com, 3p. extended abstractTechnologyMelt inclusions
DS200812-0900
2008
Pilet,S., Baker, M.B., Stolper, E.M.Metasomatized lithosphere and the origin of alkaline lavas.Science, Vol. 320, 5878 May 16, pp. 916-919.MantleRecycled oceanic crust - melting
DS200812-1005
2008
Santosh, M., Omori, S.CO2 windows from mantle to atmosphere: models on ultrahigh temperature metamorphism and speculations on the link with melting of snowball Earth.Gondwana Research, Vol. 14, 1-2, August pp. 97-104.MantleMelting
DS200812-1018
2008
Schmeling, H., Marquart, G.Crustal accretion and dynamic feedback on mantle melting of a ridge centred plume: the Iceland case.Tectonophysics, Vol. 447, 1-4, pp. 31-52.Europe, IcelandMelting
DS200812-1050
2008
Shaw, C.S., Dingwell, D.B.Experimental peridotite melt reaction at one atmosphere: a textural and chemical study.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 155, 2, pp. 199-214.MantleMelting
DS200812-1128
2008
Stolper, E., Asimow, P.Insights into mantle melting from graphical analysis of one-component systems.American Journal of Science, Vol. 307, 8, pp. 1051-1139.MantleMelting
DS200912-0023
2009
Babu, E.V.S.S.K, Bhaskar Rao, Y.J., Mainkar, D., Pashine, J.K., Sirikant Rao, R.Mantle xenoliths from the Kodamali kimberlite pipe, Bastar Craton, central India: evidence for decompression melting and crustal contamination mantleGoldschmidt Conference 2009, p. A66 Abstract.IndiaMelting
DS200912-0027
2009
Bagdassarov, N., Solferino, G., Golabek, G.J., Schmidt, M.W.Centrifuge assisted percolation of Fe-S melts in partially molten peridotite: time constraints for planetary core formation.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 288, 1-2, pp. 84-95.MantleMelting
DS200912-0047
2009
Bell, K., Simonetti, A.Source of parental melts to carbonatites - critical isotopic constraints.Mineralogy and Petrology, In press available, 13p.MantleMelting - mantle metasomatism
DS200912-0058
2009
Bobrov, A.V., Spivak, A.V., Divaev, F.K., Dymshits, A.M., Litvin, Yu.A.High pressure melting relations of diamond forming carbonatites: formation of syngenetic peridotitic and eclogitic minerals ( experiments at 7.0 and 8.5 GPa).alkaline09.narod.ru ENGLISH, May 10, 2p. abstractTechnologyMelting
DS200912-0075
2009
Brey, G.P., Bulato, V.K., Girnis, A.V.Influence of water and fluorine on melting of carbonated peridotite at 6 and 10 GPa.Lithos, In press availableMantleMelting
DS200912-0081
2009
Buhre, S., Jacob, D.E., Foley, S.F.Delayed continental crust formation on a hot Archean Earth.Goldschmidt Conference 2009, p. A171 Abstract.MantleMelting
DS200912-0082
2009
Buisman, I., Sparks, S., Walker, M.Towards a better understanding of the origin and evolution of kimberlite melts using melt phase relations in CMAS-CO2-H2O-K2O.Goldschmidt Conference 2009, p. A172 Abstract.MantleMelting
DS200912-0083
2008
Buisman, I., Sparks, S., Walter, M.The origin and evolution of kimberlite melts: stabilizing phlogopite in the CMAS-CO2-H2O-K2O system.American Geological Union, Fall meeting Dec. 15-19, Eos Trans. Vol. 89, no. 53, meeting supplement, 1p. abstractMantleMelting
DS200912-0084
2009
Bulatov, V.K., Girnis, A.V., Brey, G.P.Experimental melting of carbonated K rich garnet harzburgite and origin of kimberlite melts.alkaline09.narod.ru ENGLISH, May 10, 2p. abstractTechnologyMelting
DS200912-0153
2009
Dasgupta, R., Hirschmann, M.M., McDonough, W.F., Spiegelman, M., Withers, A.C.Trace element partitioning between garnet lherzolite and carbonatite at 6.6 and 8.6 GPa with application to the geochemistry of the mantle and mantle derived meltsChemical Geology, Vol. 262, 1-2, May 15, pp. 57-77.MantleMelting
DS200912-0172
2009
Dingwell, D.B.When melt start behaving like rocks: the chemical vs physical complexity of melt rheology.GAC/MAC/AGU Meeting held May 23-27 Toronto, Abstract onlyMantleMelting
DS200912-0176
2009
Dixon, J.E., Claque, D.A., Cousens, B.Carbonatite and silicate melt metasomatism of depleted mantle surrounding the Hawaiian plume: origin of rejuvenated stage lavas.Goldschmidt Conference 2009, p. A295 Abstract.United States, HawaiiMelting
DS200912-0223
2009
Foley, S.F.The renaissance of redox melting.Goldschmidt Conference 2009, p. A388 Abstract.MantleMelting
DS200912-0250
2009
Ghosh, S., Ohtani, E., Litasov, K.Partial melting of peridotite + CO2 and origin of kimberlite melt in the deep mantle.Goldschmidt Conference 2009, p. A433 Abstract.MantleMelting
DS200912-0298
2009
Hewitt, L.J., Fowler, A.F.Melt characterization in ascending mantle.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 114, B06210.MantleMagma flow, melting
DS200912-0301
2009
Hirschmann, M.M.Partial melts in the seismic low velocity zone.Goldschmidt Conference 2009, p. A534 Abstract.MantleMelting
DS200912-0338
2009
Jing, Z., Karato, S-I.The density of volatile bearing melts in the Earth's deep mantle: the role of chemical composition.Chemical Geology, Vol. 262, 1-2, May 15, pp. 100-107.MantleMelting
DS200912-0343
2009
Jones, A.P., Oganov, A.Superdeep carbonate melts in the Earth.Goldschmidt Conference 2009, p. A601 Abstract.MantleMelting
DS200912-0394
2009
Kohlstedt, D.L., Holtzman, B.K.Shearing melt out of the Earth: an experimentalist's perpective on the influence of deformation on melt extraction.Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Vol. 37, pp. 561-593.MantleMelting - review
DS200912-0408
2009
Korenga, J.Scaling of stagnant lid convection with Arrhenius rheology and the effects of mantle melting.Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 179, 1, pp. 154-170.MantleMelting
DS200912-0443
2009
Litvin, Yu.A., Bobrov, A.V., Kuzyura, A.V., Spivak, A.V., Litvin, Y.Yu., Butvina, V.G.Mantle carbonatite magma in diamond genesis.Goldschmidt Conference 2009, p. A774 Abstract.MantleMelting
DS200912-0448
2009
Livin, Yu.AQ., Spivak, A.V., Solopova, N.A., Litvin, V.Yu., Bobrov, A.V.Physicochemical factors of diamond and graphite formation in carbonatite melts on experimental grounds.alkaline09.narod.ru ENGLISH, May 10, 2p. abstractTechnologyExperimental melt
DS200912-0548
2009
Ohtani, E.Melting relations and the equation of state of magmas at high pressure: application to geodynamics.Chemical Geology, Vol. 265, 3-4, pp. 279-288.MantleMelting
DS200912-0550
2009
O'Neill, C., Lenardic,A., Jellinek, A.M., Moresi, L.Influence of supercontinents on deep mantle flow.Gondwana Research, Vol. 15, 3-4, pp. 276-287.MantleMelting
DS200912-0640
2009
Rohrbach, A., Schmidt, M.W., Ballhaus, C.Carbonate stability in the Earth's lower mantle and redox melting across the 660 km discontinuity.Goldschmidt Conference 2009, p. A1113 Abstract.MantleMelting
DS200912-0669
2008
Savelieva, G.N., Sobolev, A.V., Batanova, V.G., Suslov, P.V., Brugmann, G.Structure of melt flow channels in the mantle.Geotectonics, Vol. 42, 6, pp. 430-447.MantleMelting
DS200912-0704
2009
Smithies, R.H., Champion, D.C., Van Kranendonk, M.J.Formation of Paleoarchaen continental crust through infracrustal melting of enriched basalt.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 281, 3-4, May 15, pp. 298-306.MantleMelting
DS200912-0719
2009
Sparks, R.S.J., Brooker, R.A., Field, M., Kavanagh, J., Schumacher, J.C., Walter, M.J., White, J.The nature of erupting kimberlite melts.Lithos, In press available, 30p.MantleMelting
DS200912-0720
2009
Sparks, S.R., Booker, R., Field, M., Kavanagh, J.Volatiles in kimberlite magmas: experimental constraints.GAC/MAC/AGU Meeting held May 23-27 Toronto, Abstract onlyTechnologyMelting
DS200912-0746
2009
Tappe, S., Heaman, L.M., Smart, K.A., Muehlenbachs, K., Simonetti, A.First results from Greenland eclogite xenoliths: evidence for an ultra depleted peridotitic component within the North Atlantic craton mantle lithosphere.GAC/MAC/AGU Meeting held May 23-27 Toronto, Abstract onlyEurope, GreenlandMelting
DS200912-0751
2009
Tenner, T.J., Hirschmann, M.M., Withers, A.C., Herv, R.L.Hydrogen partitioning between nominally anhydrous upper mantle minerals and melt between 3 and 5 GPa and applications to hydrous peridotite partial melting.Chemical Geology, Vol. 262, 1-2, May 15, pp. 42-56.MantleMelting
DS200912-0805
2009
Walter, M.J., Bulanova, G.P., Armstrong, L.S., Keshav, S., Blundy, Gudfinnsson, Lord, Lennie, Clark, GobboPrimary carbonatite melt from deeply subducted oceanic crust.Nature, Vol. 459, July 31, pp. 622-626.South America, Brazil, MantleMelting, geochemistry
DS200912-0807
2009
Wasch, L.J., Van der Zwan, F.M., Nebel, O., Morel, M.L.A., Hellebrand, E.W.G., Pearson, D.G., Davies, G.R.An alternative model for silica enrichment in the Kaapvaal subcontinental lithospheric mantle.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 73, 22, pp. 6894-6917.MantleMelting
DS200912-0838
2009
Yaxley, G.M., Spandler, C.S., Sobolev, A.V., Rosenthal, A., Green, D.H.Melting and melt peridotite interactions in heterogeneous upper mantle sources of primitive volcanics.Goldschmidt Conference 2009, p. A1482 Abstract.MantleMelting
DS200912-0842
2009
Youngs, B.A.R., Bercovici, D.Stability of a compressible hydrous melt layer above the transition zone.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 278, 1-2, Feb. 15, pp. 78-86.MantleMelting
DS201012-0008
2010
Andrault, D., Nigro, G., Bolfan-Casanova, N., Bouhifd, M.A., Garbarino, G., Mezouar, M.Melting curve of the lowermost Earth's mantle.Goldschmidt 2010 abstracts, abstractMantleMelting
DS201012-0014
2009
Asanuma, H., Ohtani, E., Sakai, T., Terasaki, H., Kamada, S., Kondo, T., Kikegawa, T.Melting of iron silicon alloy up to the core mantle boundary pressure: implications to the thermal structure of the Earth's core.Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, Vol. 37, 6, pp. 353-359.MantleMelting
DS201012-0087
2010
Caracas, R.Carbonate melts in the Earth's mantle.International Mineralogical Association meeting August Budapest, AbstractMantleMelting
DS201012-0134
2010
Dagupta, R., Hirschmann, M.M.The deep carbon cycle and melting in Earth's interior.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 298, 1-2, Sept. 15, pp. 1-13.MantleMelting
DS201012-0329
2010
Jones, A.Carbon rich melts in the deep mantle.Goldschmidt 2010 abstracts, AbstractMantleMelting
DS201012-0427
2010
Leahy, G.M., Bercovici, D.Reactive infiltration of hydrous melt above the mantle transition zone.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 115, B8, B08406.MantleMelting
DS201012-0448
2010
Litasov, K.D., Safonov, O.G., Ohtani, E.Origin of Cl bearing silica rich melt inclusions in diamonds: experimental evidence for an eclogite connection.Geology, Vol. 38, 12, Dec. pp. 1131-1134.TechnologyMelting phase relations, chlorine
DS201012-0828
2010
Wang, C., Jin, Z., Gao, S., Zhang, J., Zheng, S.Eclogite- melt/peridotite reaction: experimental constraints of the destruction mechanism of the North Chin a craton.Science China Earth Sciences, Vol. 53, 6, pp. 797-809.ChinaMelting
DS201012-0843
2010
Whitchurch, A.Core curiousity. ( inner core)Nature Geoscience, Vol. 3, Sept. p. 594 ( 1/2 pg.)MantleMelting
DS201012-0849
2010
Willbold, M., Stracke, A.Formation of enriched mantle components of recycling of upper and lower continental crust.Chemical Geology, Vol. 276, 3-4, pp. 188-197.MantleMelting
DS201012-0880
2010
Yoshino, T., Laumonier, M., McIssac, E., Katsura, T.Electrical conductivity of basaltic and carbonatite melt bearing peridotites at high pressures: implications for melt distribution and melt fractionEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 295, 3-4, pp. 593-602.MantleMelting - upper
DS201012-0887
2009
Zhang, H.F.Peridotite melt interaction: a key point for the destruction of cratonic lithospheric mantle.Chinese Science Bulletin, Vol. 54, 19, Oct. pp. 3417-3437.MantleMelting
DS201112-0020
2011
Andrault, D., Bolfan-Casanova, N., loNigro, G., Bouhifd, M.A., Garbarino, G., Mezouar, M.Solidus and liquidus profiles of chrondritic mantle: implications for melting of the Earth across its history.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 304, 1-2, pp. 251-259.MantleMelting
DS201112-0021
2011
Andrault, D., Lo Nigro, G., Bolfan-Casanova, N., Bouhifd, M.A., Garbarino, G., Mezouar, M.Melting properties of chronditic mantle to the core mantle boundary.Goldschmidt Conference 2011, abstract p.438.MantleMelting
DS201112-0038
2011
Asimov, P.D., Fatyanov, O.V.The melting curve of MgO from shock temperature experiments.Goldschmidt Conference 2011, abstract p.459.MantleMelting - core-mantle boundary
DS201112-0054
2011
Balta, J.B., Asimov, P.D., Mosenfelder, J.L.Hydrous, low carbon melting of garnet peridotite.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 52, 11. pp. 2079-2105.MantleMelting
DS201112-0200
2010
Conceicao, R.V., Lenz, C., Gervasconi, F., Drago, S.Origin of the potassium in the Earth-Moon system and contribution for the K-rich rocks.5th Brasilian Symposium on Diamond Geology, Nov. 6-12, abstract p. 73.MantleMelting
DS201112-0238
2011
David, F.A., Hirschmann, M.M., Humayun, M.The composition of the incipient partial melt of garnet peridotite at 3 GPa and the origin of OIB.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 308, 3-4, pp. 380-390.MantleMelting
DS201112-0243
2011
Davies, G.F.Dynamical constraints on mantle reservoirs through time.Goldschmidt Conference 2011, abstract p.727.MantleD - melting
DS201112-0248
2011
Davis, F.A., Humayun, M., Hirschmann, M.M., Cooper, R.S.Partitioning of first row transition elements between peridotite and melt.Goldschmidt Conference 2011, abstract p.728.MantleMelting
DS201112-0324
2011
Foley, S.F.Reappraisal of redox melting in the Earth's mantle as a function of tectonic setting and time.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 52, 7-8, pp. 1363-1391.MantleMelting
DS201112-0328
2011
Foley, S.F., Prevelic, D., Link, K.Mantle migmatites and alkaline rock genesis.Peralk-Carb 2011... workshop June 16-18, Tubingen, Germany, Abstract p.45-47.Africa, TanzaniaMelt production
DS201112-0329
2011
Foley, S.F., Prevelic, D., Link, K.Mantle migmatites and alkaline rock genesis.Peralk-Carb 2011... workshop June 16-18, Tubingen, Germany, Abstract p.45-47.Africa, TanzaniaMelt production
DS201112-0330
2011
Fonseca, R.O., Luguet, A., Ballhaus, C., Pohl, F.Experimental constraints on the development of Os isotopic heterogeneity in the Earth's mantle.Goldschmidt Conference 2011, abstract p.858.MantleMelting - tracer
DS201112-0362
2011
Gerya, T.V., Meilick, F.I.Geodynamic regimes of subduction under an active margin: effects of rheological weakening of fluids and melts.Journal of Metamorphic Geology, Vol. 29, 1, pp. 7-31.MantleMelting
DS201112-0371
2011
Girnis, A.V., Bulatov, V.K., Brey, G.P.Formation of primary kimberlite melts - constraints from experiments at 6-12 GPa and variable CO2/H2O.Lithos, In press available, 42p.TechnologyMelting
DS201112-0372
2011
Girnis, A.V., Bulatov, V.K., Brey, G.P.Formation of primary kimberlite melts - constraints from experiments at 6-12 GPa and variable CO2/H2O.Lithos, Vol. 127, 3-4, Dec. pp. 401-413.TechnologyMelting
DS201112-0385
2011
Grassi, D., Schmidt, M.W.Melting of carbonated pelites from 70 to 700 km depth.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 52, 4, pp. 765-789.MantleMelting - not specific to diamonds
DS201112-0394
2011
Guzmics, T., Mitchell, R.H., Berkesi, M., Szabo, C., Milke, R.Melt inclusions in coexisting perovskite, nepheline, magnetite and clinopyroxene in pyroxene melililolite from Kerimasi volcano, Tanzania.Goldschmidt Conference 2011, abstract p.961.Africa, TanzaniaCarbonatite, melt
DS201112-0397
2011
Gysi, A.P., Jagoutz, O., Schmidt, M.W., Targuisti, K.Petrogenesis of pyroxenites and melt infiltrations in the ultramafic complex of Beni Bousera, northern Morocco.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 52, 9, pp. 1679-1735.Africa, MoroccoMelting, delamination
DS201112-0432
2011
Herzberg, C.Basalts as temperature probe's of Earth's mantle.Geology, Vol. 39, 12, pp. 1179-1180.MantlePeridotite, melting
DS201112-0445
2011
Holtz, F.Transport of High-Field Strength Elements and noble metals in silicate melts.Peralk-Carb 2011, workshop held Tubingen Germany June 16-18, AbstractMelting
DS201112-0491
2011
Kamenetsky, V.A quest for a kimberlite primary melt: separating facts from myths.Peralk-Carb 2011, workshop held Tubingen Germany June 16-18, AbstractMantleMelting
DS201112-0501
2011
Karato,S-I.Water distribution across the mantle transition zone and its implications for global material circulation.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 301, 3-4, pp. 413-423.MantleMelting
DS201112-0519
2011
King, C., Olson, P.Heat partitioning in metal-silicate plumes during Earth differentiation.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 304, 3-4, pp. 577-586.MantleMelting
DS201112-0526
2011
Klein-BenDavid, O., Pettke, T., Kessel, R.Chromium mobility in hydrous fluids at upper mantle conditions.Lithos, Vol. 125, pp. 122-130.MantleMelting, metasomatism
DS201112-0534
2011
Konig, S., Munker, C., Hohl, S., Paulick, H., Barth, A.R., Lagos, M., Pfander, J., Buchl, A.The Earth's tungsten budget during mantle melting and crust formation.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 78, 8, pp. 2119-2136.MantleMelting - not specific to diamonds
DS201112-0630
2011
Macdonald, R.Evolution of peralkaline silicic complexes: lessons from the extrusive rocks.Peralk-Carb 2011, workshop held Tubingen Germany June 16-18, AbstractMelting
DS201112-0665
2011
Menegon, L., Nasipuri, P., Stunitz, H., Behrens, H., Ravna, E.Dry and strong quartz during deformation of the lower crust in the presence of melt.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 116, B10, B10410MantleMelting
DS201112-0696
2011
Mondal, S.K.Platinum group element (PGE) geochemistry to understand the chemical evolution of the Earth's mantle.Journal of the Geological Society of India, Vol. 77, pp. 295-302.Europe, GreenlandMelting
DS201112-0714
2010
Nabelek, P.I., Whittington, A.G., Hofmeister, A.M.Strain heating as a mechanism for partial melting and ultrahigh temperature metamorphism in convergent orogens: implications of temperature dependent thermalJournal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 115, B 12 B12417MantleMelting, geodynamics, rheology, geothermometry
DS201112-0726
2011
Naumov, V.B., Kovanenko, V.I., Dorofeeva, V.A., Girnis, A.V., Yarmolyuk,V.V.Average compositions of igneous melts from main geodynamic settings according to the investigation of melt inclusions in minerals& quenched glasses of rocks.Deep Seated Magmatism, its sources and plumes, Ed. Vladykin, N.V., pp. 171-204.MantleMelt inclusion database
DS201112-0813
2011
Poore, H., White, N., Maclennan, J.Ocean circulation and mantle melting controlled by radial flow of hot pulses in the Iceland plume.Nature Geoscience, in press availableMantle, Europe, IcelandMelting
DS201112-0886
2011
Rudge, J.F., Bercovici, D., Speigelman, M.Disequilibrium melting of a two phase multicomponent mantle.Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 184, 2, pp. 699-718.MantleMelting
DS201112-0887
2011
Rudge, J.F., Maclennan, J., Stracke, A.Statistical sampling of mantle heterogeneity.Goldschmidt Conference 2011, abstract p.1765.MantleMelting
DS201112-0889
2010
Rushmer, T., Knesel, K.Defining geochemical signatures and timescales of melting processes in the crust: an experimental tale of melt segregation and emplacement.In: Dosseto, A., Turner, S.P., Van Orman, J.A. eds. Timescales of magmatic processes: from core to atmosph., Blackwell Publ. Chapter 9, p. 181-MantleMelting
DS201112-0900
2011
Safonov, O.G., Kamenetsky, V.S., Perchuk, L.L.Links between carbonatite and kimberlite melts in chloride-carbonate-silicate systems: experiments and application to natural assemblages.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 52, 7-8, pp. 1307-1331.TechnologyMelting
DS201112-0909
2011
Sanloup, C., Van Westrenen, W., Dasgupta, R., Maynard-Casely, H., Perrillat, J-P.Compressability change in iron-rich melt and implications for core formation models.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 306, 1-2, pp. 118-122.MantleMelting
DS201112-0918
2011
Sawyer, E.W., Cesare, B., Brown, M.When the continental crust melts.Elements, Vol. 7, 4, August pp. 229-234.MantleMelting
DS201112-0919
2011
Scaillet, B.Experimental constraints on the storage conditions of peralkaline felsic magmas with implications on magmatic fluid compositions and transport of metallic elementsPeralk-Carb 2011, workshop held Tubingen Germany June 16-18, AbstractMelting
DS201112-0951
2011
Shire, S.B., Van Kranendonk, M., Richardson, S.H.SCLM and crustal evidence for 3 GA onset of plate tectonics with implications for the Superior Province.Geological Society of America, Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, Oct. 9-12, abstractCanada, Europe, GreenlandMelting
DS201112-0959
2011
Silva, D., Lana, C., Stevens, G., Souza Filho, C.R.Effects of shock induced incongruent melting within Earth's crust: the case of biotite melting.Terra Nova, in press availableMantleMelting
DS201112-1029
2011
Tappe, S., Smart, K.A., Pearson, D.G., Steenfelt, A., Simonetti, A.Craton formation in late Archean subduction zones revealed by first Greenland eclogites.Geology, Vol. 39, 12, pp. 1103-1106.Europe, GreenlandMelting , Nunatak-1390
DS201112-1105
2011
Weaver, S.L., Wallace, P.J., Johnston, A.D.A comparative study of continental vs. intraoceanic arc mantle melting: experimentally determined phase relations of hydrous primitive melts.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 308, 1-2, pp. 97-106.MantleMelting
DS201112-1153
2011
Zaitsev, V.A.Experiments on titanosilicates ( lamprophyllite group minerals and lomonosvite) melting: phase relations and petrological significance for Lovozero massif.Peralk-Carb 2011, workshop held Tubingen Germany June 16-18, PosterRussiaMelting
DS201212-0002
2012
Adam, J., Oberti, R., Camara, F., Green, T.H., Rushmer, T.The effect of water on equilibrium relations between clinopyroxenes and basanitic magmas: tracing water and non- volatile incompatible elements in the Earth's mantle.emc2012 @ uni-frankfurt.de, 1p. AbstractMantleMelting
DS201212-0020
2012
Ardia, P., Hirschmann, M.M., Withers, A.C., Tenner, T.J.H2O storage capacity of olivine at 5-8 Gpa and consequences for dehydration partial melting of the upper mantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 345-348, pp. 104-116.MantleMelting
DS201212-0075
2011
Bobrov, A.V., Litvin, Yu.A.Mineral equilibration temperatures of diamond forming carbonatite silicate systems.Geochemistry International, Vol. 49, 13, pp. 1267-1363.TechnologyMelting
DS201212-0126
2012
Chen, Y., Provost, A., Schiano, P., Cluzel, N.Magma ascent rate and initial water concentration inferred from diffusive water loss from olivine hosted melt inclusions.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, in press available 17p.MantleMelting
DS201212-0232
2012
Geng, Y., Du, L., Ren, L.Growth and reworking of the early Precambrian continental crust in the North Chin a Craton: constraints from zircon Hf isotopes.Gondwana Research, Vol. 21, 2-3, pp. 517-529.ChinaMelting
DS201212-0252
2012
Golovin, A.V., Sherygin, I.S., Korsakov, A.V., Pokhilenko, N.P.Can be parental kimberlite melts alkali-carbonate liquids: results investigations composition melt inclusions in mantle xenoliths from kimberlites.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Feb. 6-11, Bangalore India, AbstractMantleMelting
DS201212-0296
2012
Herzberg, C., Rudnick, R.Formation of cratonic lithosphere: an integrated thermal and petrological model.Lithos, Vol. 149, pp. 4-15.MantleMelting
DS201212-0299
2012
Higgie, K., Tommasi, A.Deformation in a shallow partially molten mantle: constraints from natural systems.emc2012 @ uni-frankfurt.de, 1p. AbstractMantleMelting
DS201212-0342
2012
Journal of Metamorphic GeologyIntroduction to a virtual special issue on crustal melting.Journal of Metamorphic Geology, Vol. 30, pp. 453-356.MantleMelting
DS201212-0395
2012
Langenhorst, F., Deutsch, A.Shock metamorphism of minerals.Elements, Vol. 8, 1, Feb. pp. 31-36.TechnologyHP, melting
DS201212-0406
2012
Liebske, C., Frost, D.J.Melting phase relations in the MgO MgSiO3 system between 16 and 26 Gpa: implications for melting in Earth's deep interior.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 345-348, pp. 159-170.MantleMelting
DS201212-0412
2012
Litasov, K.D., Shatskiy, A., Ohtani, E., Pokhilenko, N.P.Melting phase relations in the systems peridotite-H2O-CO2 and eclogite-H2O-CO2 at pressures up to 27 Gpa.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Held Bangalore India Feb. 6-11, Poster abstractMantleMelting
DS201212-0413
2012
Litasov, K.D., Shatsky, A., Ohtani, E.Melting of peridotite and eclogite coexisting with reduced C-O-H fluid at 3-16 GPA: further constraints on redox melting models.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Feb. 6-11, Bangalore India, AbstractMantleMelting
DS201212-0581
2012
Reid, M.R., Boucher, R.A., Ichert-Toft, J., Levander, A., Liu, K., Miller, M.S., Ramos, F.C.Melting under the Colorado Plateau, USA.Geology, Vol. 40, 5, pp. 387-390.United States, Colorado PlateauMelting
DS201212-0599
2012
Rosenthall, A., Yaxley, G.M., Green, D.H., Kovacs, I., Herman, J., Spandler, C.S., Mernagh, T.P.Phase and melting relations of a residue eclogite/pyroxenite within an upwelling heterogeneous upper mantle.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Held Bangalore India Feb. 6-11, Poster abstractMantleMelting
DS201212-0638
2012
Sharygin, I.S., Litasov, K.D., Shatskiy, A., Golovin, A.V., Ohtani, E., Pokhilenko, N.P.Melting phase relations of chlorine bearing kimberlite at 2.1-6.5 GPA and 900-1500 ON10th. International Kimberlite Conference Feb. 6-11, Bangalore India, AbstractMantleMelting
DS201212-0640
2012
Shatskiy, A., Litasov, K.D., Ohtani, E.Segregation rate and transport mechanism of volatile bearing melt in the deep mantle.10th. International Kimberlite Conference Held Bangalore India Feb. 6-11, Poster abstractMantleMelting
DS201212-0654
2012
Shumlyansky, L.,Billstrom, K., Hawkesworth, C., Elming, S-A.U Pb age and Hf isotope compositions of zircons from the north western region of the Ukrainain shield: mantle melting in response to post extension.Terra Nova, Vol. 24, 5, pp. 373-379.EuropeMelting
DS201212-0690
2012
Solovoa, I.P., Girnis, A.V.silicate carbonate liquid immiscibility and crystallization of carbonate and K rich basaltic magma: insights from melt and fluid inclusions.Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 76, 2, pp. 411-439.MantleCarbonatite, melting
DS201212-0716
2013
Tang, Y-L., Zhang, H-F., Ying, J-F., Su, B-X., Chu, Z.Y., Xiao, Y., Zhao, X-M.Highly heterogeneous lithospheric mantle beneath the Central Zone of the North Chin a Craton evolved from Archean mantle through diverse melt refertilization.Gondwana Research, Vol. 23, 1, pp. 130-140.ChinaMelting
DS201212-0720
2012
Tappe, S., Smart, K.A., Stracke, A., Romer, R.L., Steenfelt, A., Muehlenbachs, K.Carbon fluxes beneath cratons: insights from West Greenland kimberlites and carbonatites.Goldschmidt Conference 2012, abstract 1p.Europe, GreenlandMelting
DS201212-0725
2012
Tenner, T.J., Hirschmann, M.M., Withers, A.C., Paola, A.H2O storage capacity of olivine and low-Ca pyroxene from 10 to 13 Gpa: consequences for dehydration melting above the transition zone.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 163, 2, pp. 297-316.MantleMelting
DS201212-0730
2012
Till, C.B., Grove, T.L., Withers, A.C.The beginnings of hydrous mantle wedge melting.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 163, 4,MantleMelting
DS201312-0031
2013
Ashchepkov, I.Melt modified mantle lithosphere beneath Dalnyayay Pip.Goldschmidt 2013, AbstractRussiaMelting
DS201312-0053
2013
Ballhaus, C., Laurenz, V., Munker, C., Fonseca, R.O.C., Albarede, F., Rohrbach, A., Lagos, M., Schmidt, M.W., Jochum, K-P., Stoll, B., Weis, U., Helmy, H.M.The U /Pb ratio of the Earth's mantle - a signature of late volatile addition.Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 362, pp. 237-245.MantleMelting
DS201312-0106
2013
Bucholz, C.E., Gaetani, G.A., Behn, M.D., Shimizu, N.Post entrapment modification of volatiles and oxygen fugacity in olivine hosted melt inclusions.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 392, pp. 39-49.MantleMelting
DS201312-0186
2013
Dasgupta, R., Mallik, A., Tsuno, K., Withers, A.C., Hirth, G., Hirschmann, M.M.Carbon dioxide rich silicate melt in the Earth's upper mantle.Nature, Vol. 493, Jan. 10, pp. 211-215.MantleMelting
DS201312-0198
2013
De Koker, N., Karki, B.B., Stixrude, L.Thermodynmaics of the MgO-SiO2 liquid system in Earth's lowermost mantle from first principles.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 361, pp. 58-63.MantleMelting
DS201312-0212
2013
Dick, H.J.B., Zhou, H.Focused mantle melting.Goldschmidt 2013, AbstractMantleMelting
DS201312-0281
2013
Frost, D.J., Novella, D., Myhill, R., Liebske, C., Tronnes, R.G.Experimental efforts to understand deep mantle melting.Goldschmidt 2013, AbstractMantleMelting
DS201312-0295
2013
Garapic, G., Faul, U.H., Brisson, E.High resolution imaging of the melt distribution in partially molten upper mantle rocks: evidence for wetted two grain boundaries.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: G3, Vol. 14, 3, pp. 556-566.MantleMelting
DS201312-0312
2013
Girnis, A.V., Bulatov, V.K., Brey, G.P., Gerdes, A., Hofer, H.E.Trace element partitioning between mantle minerals and silico-carbonate melts at 6-12 Gpa and applications to mantle metasomatism and kimberlite genesis.Lithos, Vol. 160-161, pp. 183-200.MantleKimberlite genesis, melting
DS201312-0339
2013
Grove, T.L., Holbig, E.S., Barr, J.A., Till, C.B., Krawczynski, M.J.Inclusions in halite - evidence of mixing of evaporite xenoliths and kimberlites of Udachnaya -East pipe (Siberia).Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 166, pp. 887-910.MantleMelting
DS201312-0361
2013
Hanski, E., Kamenetsky, V.S.Chrome spinel hosted melt inclusions in Paleoproterozoic primitive volcanic rocks, northern Finland: evidence for coexistence and mixing of komatiitic and picritic magmas.Chemical Geology, Vol. 343, pp. 25-37.Europe, FinlandMagmatism, melting
DS201312-0371
2013
Havlin, C., Prmentier, E.M., Hirth, G.Mineral associations in diamonds from the lowermost upper mantle and uppermost lower mantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 376, pp. 20-28.MantleMelting
DS201312-0390
2013
Hirschmann, M.M.Crystal structure in Earth's inner core.Goldschmidt 2013, AbstractMantleMelting, volatile cycles
DS201312-0502
2013
Kopylova, M.G., Kostrovitsky, S.I., Egorov, K.N.Primary alkali kimberlite melt: the myth dispelled.Goldschmidt 2013, AbstractMantleMelt - genesis
DS201312-0544
2013
Litasov, K.D., Shatsky, A., Ohtani, E.Deep melting of subducted carbonate and carbonatite melt diapirs in the Earth's mantle.Goldschmidt 2013, AbstractMantleMelting
DS201312-0546
2013
Litvin, Yu.A.Differentiation of the mantle ultrabasic basic magmas and diamond forming carbonatite melts on experimental evidence.Goldschmidt 2013, AbstractTechnologyMelting
DS201312-0565
2013
Mader, H.M., Llewllin, E.W., Mueller, S.P.The rheology of two phase magmas: a review and analysis.Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Vol. 257, pp. 135-158.MantleSilicate melt, viscosity ( bubbles or crystals)
DS201312-0580
2013
Martorell, B., Vocadlo, L., Brodholt, J., Wood, I.G.Strong premelting effect in the elastic properties of hcp-Fe under inner core conditions.Science, Vol. 342, 6157, pp. 466-468.MantleCore, melting
DS201312-0626
2013
Naif, S.,Key, K., Constable, S., Evans, R.L.Melt rich channel observed at the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary.Nature, Vol. 495, March 21, pp. 356-359.MantleMelting
DS201312-0654
2013
Niu, Y.,Zhao, Z., Zhu, D., Mo, X.Continental collision zones are primary sites for net continental crust growth - a testable hypothesis.Earth Science Reviews, Vol. 127, pp. 96-110.MantleMelting, magmatism
DS201312-0713
2013
Poitrasson, F., Delpech, G., Gregoire, M.On the iron isotope heterogeneity of lithospheric mantle xenoliths: implications for mantle metasomatism, the origin of basalts and the iron isotope composition of the Earth.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 165, 6, pp. 1243-1258.Africa, Cameroon, South AfricaMelting
DS201312-0756
2013
Rudge, J.F., Maclennan, J., Stracke, A.The geochemical consequences of mixing melts from a heterogeneous mantle.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 114, pp. 112-143.MantleMelting
DS201312-0763
2013
Russell, J.K., Porritt, L.A., Hilchie, L.Kimberlite: rapid ascent of lithospherically modified carbonatitic melts.Proceedings of the 10th. International Kimberlite Conference, Vol. 1, Special Issue of the Journal of the Geological Society of India,, Vol.1, pp. 195-210.TechnologyGenesis - melts
DS201312-0865
2013
Sokolova, T.S., Dorogokupets, P.I., Litasov, K.D.Self consistent pressure scales based on the equations of state for ruby, diamond, MgO, B2-NaCl, as well as Au, Pt and other metals to 4 Mbar and 3000K.Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 54, pp. 181-199.MantleMelting
DS201312-0904
2013
Tappe, S., Pearson, D.G., Prelevic, D.Kimberlite, carbonatite, and potassic magmatism as part of the geochemical cycle.Chemical Geology, Vol. 353, pp. 1-3 intro.MantleMelting, recyle
DS201312-0945
2013
Wakabayashi, D., Funamori, N.Equation of state of silicate melts with densified intermediate range order at the pressure condition of the Earth's deep upper mantle.Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, Vol. 40, 4, pp.MantleMelting
DS201412-0024
2014
Asimow, P., Hernlund, J., Karki, B.Melting and melt properties in the deep Earth.Goldschmidt Conference 2014, 1p. AbstractMantleMelting
DS201412-0040
2014
Basu, S., Jones, A.Helium 3 stored in mantle diamond periodically mobilised by deep carbonate melts?Goldschmidt Conference 2014, 1p. AbstractMantleMelting
DS201412-0100
2014
Carlson, R.W., Garnero, E., Harrison, T.M., Li, J., Manga, M., McDonough, W.F., Mukhopadhyay, S., Romanowicz, B., Rubie, D., Williams, Q., Zhong, S.How did early Earth become our modern world?Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Vol. 42, pp. 151-178.MantleMelting
DS201412-0280
2014
Geology pageIron in Earth's core weakens before melting.(precis of Science article)geologypage.com, 1p. AbstractMantleMelting
DS201412-0285
2014
Ghosh, S., Litasov, K., Ohtani, E.Phase relations and melting of carbonated peridotite between 10 and 20 Gpa: a proxy for alkali and CO2 rich silicate melts in the deep mantle.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 167, pp. 964-972.MantleMelting
DS201412-0312
2014
Green, D.H., Hibberson, W.O., Rosenthal, A., Kovasc, I., Yaxley, G.M., Falloon, T.J., Brink, F.Experimental study of the influence of water on melting and phase assemblages in the upper mantle.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 55, 10, pp. 2067-2096.MantleMelting
DS201412-0455
2014
Keshav, S., Gudfinnsson, G.H.Melting phase equilibration temperatures of model carbonated peridotite from 8 to 12 Gpa in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-CO2 and kimberlitic liquids in the Earth's upper mantle.American Mineralogist, Vol. 99, pp. 1119-1126.MantleMelting
DS201412-0498
2014
Laporte, D., Lambart, S., Schiano, P., Ottolini, L.Experimental derivation of nepheline syenite and phonolite liquids by partial melting of upper mantle peridotites.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 404, pp. 319-331.MantleMelting
DS201412-0514
2014
Litasov, K.D., Shatskiy, A., Ohtani, E.Melting and subsolidus phase relations in peridotite and eclogite systems with reduced C O H fluid at 3-16 Gpa.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 391, 1, pp. 87-99.MantleMelting
DS201412-0600
2014
Moussallam, Y., Morizet, Y., Massuyeau, M., Laumonier, M.COs solubility in kimberlite melts.Chemical Geology, 33p.MantleMelting
DS201412-0608
2014
Mysen, B.An alternative to alteration and melting processes in the Earth: reaction between hydrogen (H2) and oxide components in the Earth in space and time.American Mineralogist, Vol. 99, pp. 1193-1194.MantleMelting
DS201412-0609
2014
Mysen, B., Tomita, T., Ohtani, E., Suzuki, A.Speciation of and D/H partioning between fluids and melts in silicate D-O-H-C-N systems determined in-situ at upper mantle temperatures, pressures, and redox conditions.American Mineralogist, Vol. 99, pp. 578-588.MantleMelting
DS201412-0635
2014
Nomura, R., Uesugi, K., Ohishi, Y., Tsuchiyama, A., Miyake, A., Ueno, Y.Low core mantle boundary temperature inferred from the solidus of pyrolite.Science, Vol. 343, 6170 pp. 522-525.MantleMelting
DS201412-0640
2014
Novella, D., Frost, D.J., Hauri, E.H., Bureau, H., Raepsaet, C., Roberge, M.The distribution of H2O between silicate melt and nominally anhydrous peridotite and the onset of hydrous melting in the deep upper mantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 400, pp. 1-13.MantleMelting
DS201412-0700
2014
Pokhilenko, N.Peridotites of the diamond stability field of the ancient craton lithospheric mantle: relationship with evolution of lithosphere roots and kimberlite melts generation.ima2014.co.za, AbstractMantleMelting
DS201412-0750
2014
Rohrbach, A., Ghosh, S., Schmidt, M.W., Wijnrans, C.H., Klemme, S.The stability of Fe-Ni carbides in the Earth's mantle: evidence for a low Fe-Ni-C melt fraction in the deep mantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 388, pp. 211-221.MantleMelting - mentions diamond
DS201412-0766
2014
Safonov, O.The orthopyroxene interaction with the Na-carbonate melt: a challenge of the assimilation-fueled buoyancy mechanism.ima2014.co.za, AbstractMantleMelting
DS201412-0868
2014
Solovova, I.P., Girnis, A.V.Behavior of F and Cl in agpaitic acid melts.Deep Seated Magmatism, its sources and plumes, Ed. Vladykin, N.V., pp. 155-159.TechnologyMelting
DS201412-0872
2014
Soustelle, V., Walte, N.P., Manthilake, M.A.G.M., Frost, D.J.Melt migration and melt rock reactions in the deforming Earth's upper mantle: experiments at high pressure and temperature.Geology, Vol. 42, pp. 83-86.MantleMelting
DS201412-0909
2014
Szilas, K.,Van Hinsberg, V.J., Creaser, R.A., Kisters, A.F.M.The geochemical composition of serpentinites in the Mesoarchean Tartoq Group, SW Greenland: harzburgite cumulates or melt-modified mantle?Lithos, Vol. 198-199, pp. 103-116.Europe, GreenlandMelting
DS201412-0921
2014
Tateno, S., Hrose, K., Ohishi, Y.Melting experiments on peridotite to lowermost mantle conditions.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 119, no. 6, pp. 4684-4694.MantleMelting
DS201412-0969
2014
Weinberg, R.F., Hasalova, P.Water fluxed melting of the continental crust: a review.Lithos, in press availableMantleMelting
DS201501-0020
2014
Mildragovic, D., Francis, D., Weis, D., Constantin, M.Neoarchean ( c.2.7Ga) plutons of the Ungava craton, Quebec, Canada: parental magma compositions and implications for Fe-rich mantle source regions.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 55, 12, pp. 2481-2512.Canada, QuebecMelting
DS201502-0070
2015
Kiseleva, O., Zhmodik, S.Distribution and PGE mineralization in the formation of chromitite in ophiolite complexes ( Ospina-Kitoi Kharanur) and ultrabasic massifs of eastern Sayan, Southern Siberia.Economic Geology Research Institute 2015, Vol. 17,, #3203, 1p. AbstractRussiaMelting
DS201505-0236
2015
Rey, P.F.The geodynamics of mantle melting.Geology, Vol. 43, 4, pp. 367-368.MantleMelting
DS201509-0429
2015
Spivak, A., Solopova, N., Dubrovinsky, L., Litvin, Y.Melting relations of multicompnent carbonate MgCO3-FeCO3-CaCO3-Na2CO3 system at 12-26 Gpa: application to deeper mantle diamond formation.Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, DOI 10.1007/ s00269-015-0765-6MantleMelting

Abstract: Carbonatic components of parental melts of the deeper mantle diamonds are inferred from their primary inclusions of (Mg, Fe, Ca, Na)-carbonate minerals trapped at PT conditions of the Earth’s transition zone and lower mantle. PT phase diagrams of MgCO3-FeCO3-CaCO3-Na2CO3 system and its ternary MgCO3-FeCO3-Na2CO3 boundary join were studied at pressures between 12 and 24 GPa and high temperatures. Experimental data point to eutectic solidus phase relations and indicate liquidus boundaries for completely miscible (Mg, Fe, Ca, Na)- and (Mg, Fe, Ca)-carbonate melts. PT fields for partial carbonate melts associated with (Mg, Fe)-, (Ca, Fe, Na)-, and (Na2Ca, Na2Fe)-carbonate solid solution phases are determined. Effective nucleation and mass crystallization of deeper mantle diamonds are realized in multicomponent (Mg, Fe, Ca, Na)-carbonatite-carbon melts at 18 and 26 GPa. The multicomponent carbonate systems were melted at temperatures that are lower than the geothermal ones. This gives an evidence for generation of diamond-parental carbonatite melts and formation of diamonds at the PT conditions of transition zone and lower mantle.
DS201510-1785
2015
Martin, A.P., Price, R.C., Cooper, A.F., McCammon, C.A.Petrogenesis of the rifted southern Victoria Land lithospheric mantle, Antarctica, inferred from petrography, geochemistry, thermobarometry and oxybarometry of peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths from the Mount Morning eruptive centre.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 56, 1, pp. 193-226.AntarcticaMelting, subduction

Abstract: The lithospheric mantle beneath West Antarctica has been characterized using petrology, whole-rock and mineral major element geochemistry, whole-rock trace element chemistry and Mössbauer spectroscopy data obtained on a suite of peridotite (lherzolite and harzburgite) and pyroxenite xenoliths from the Mount Morning eruptive centre, Southern Victoria Land. The timing of pyroxenite formation in Victoria Land overlaps with subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific plate beneath the Gondwana margin and pyroxenite is likely to have formed when fluids derived from, or modified by, melting of the subducting, eclogitic, oceanic crustal plate percolated through peridotite of the lithospheric mantle. Subsequent melting of lithospheric pyroxenite veins similar to those represented in the Mount Morning xenolith suite has contributed to the enriched trace element (and isotope) signatures seen in Cenozoic volcanic rocks from Mount Morning, elsewhere in Victoria Land and Zealandia. In general, the harzburgite xenoliths reflect between 20 and 30% melt depletion. Their depleted element budgets are consistent with Archaean cratonization ages and they have mantle-normalized trace element patterns comparable with typical subcontinental lithospheric mantle. The spinel lherzolite mineral data suggest a similar amount of depletion to that recorded in the harzburgites (20-30%), whereas plagioclase lherzolite mineral data suggest <15% melt depletion. The lherzolite (spinel and plagioclase) xenolith whole-rocks have compositions indicating <20% melt depletion, consistent with Proterozoic to Phanerozoic cratonization ages, and have mantle-normalized trace element patterns comparable with typical depleted mid-ocean ridge mantle. All peridotite xenoliths have undergone a number of melt-rock reaction events. Melting took place mainly in the spinel peridotite stability field, but one plagioclase peridotite group containing high-sodium clinopyroxenes is best modelled by melting in the garnet field. Median oxygen fugacity estimates based on Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements of spinel and pyroxene for spinel-facies conditions in the rifted Antarctic lithosphere are -0·6 ?log fO2 at Mount Morning and –1·0 ± 0·1 (1?) ?log fO2 for all of Victoria Land, relative to the fayalite-magnetite-quartz buffer. These values are in good agreement with a calculated global median value of -0·9 ± 0·1 (1?) ?log fO2 for mantle spinel-facies rocks from continental rift systems.
DS201511-1867
2015
Pilet, S.Generation of low-silica alkaline lavas: petrological constraints, models, and thermal implications.Geological Society of America Special Paper, No. 514, pp. SPE14-17.MantleMelting, metasomatism

Abstract: Various hypotheses for the origin of alkaline sodic mafic magmas have been proposed. This diversity of models is mainly related to the various constraints used to develop them. The goal of this paper is to test these different models using petrological and geochemical constraints in an attempt to understand why alkaline sodic rocks are so similar even while their environment of formation varies from oceanic to continental rift. Incompatible trace-element contents of alkaline basalts from ocean islands and continents show that the sources of these rocks are more enriched than primitive mantle. A fundamental question then is how the sources of alkaline rocks acquire these trace-element enrichments. Recycled oceanic crust, with or without sediment, is often invoked as a source component of alkaline magmas to account for their trace-element and isotopic characteristics. However, the fact that melting of oceanic crust produces silica-rich liquids seems to exclude the direct melting of eclogite derived from mid-ocean-ridge basalt to produce alkaline lavas. Recycling oceanic crust in the source of alkaline magma requires either (1) that the mantle "digests" this component producing metasomatized CO2-rich peridotitic sources or (2) that low-degree melt from recycled oceanic crust reacts with peridotite in the presence of CO2, producing low-silica alkaline melt by olivine dissolution and orthopyroxene precipitation. These two hypotheses are plausible in terms of major elements. However, they have specific implications about the type and proportion of recycled lithologies present in the asthenosphere to explain the specific trace-element pattern of intraplate alkaline lavas. A third hypothesis for the formation of alkaline magmas is the melting of metasomatized lithosphere. In this model, the major- and trace-element signature of alkaline magma is not controlled by the asthenospheric source (i.e., the amount of oceanic crust or CO2 present in the asthenosphere), but by the petrological process that controls the percolation and differentiation of low-degree asthenospheric melts across the lithosphere. This process forms amphibole-bearing metasomatic veins that are a candidate source of alkaline rocks. This hypothesis offers an explanation for the generation of the Na-alkaline lavas with similar major- and trace-element composition that are observed worldwide and for the generation of K- and Na-alkaline magma observed in continental settings. This hypothesis requires the formation of significant amounts of metasomatic veins within the lithosphere. Qualitative analyses of the thermal implication of the potential models for the generation of alkaline rocks demonstrate that such magma requires low potential temperature (Tp: 1320 °C to 1350 °C). If temperatures are higher, melting of the convecting mantle will erase any signature of low-degree melts produced from fertile mantle lithologies. This analysis suggests that a role for hot thermal plumes in the generation of intraplate volcanoes dominated by alkaline magmas is unrealistic.
DS201512-1995
2015
Yang, X.OH solubility in olivine in the peridotote-COH system under reducing conditions and implications for water storage and hydrous melting in the reducing upper mantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 432, pp. 199-209.MantleMelting

Abstract: Experimental studies of OH solubility in peridotite minerals are of crucial importance for understanding some key geochemical, geophysical and geodynamical properties of the upper mantle. In reducing depths of the upper mantle, C-O-H fluids are dominated by CH4 and H2O. However, available experimental H-annealing of olivine concerning water storage capacity in the reducing upper mantle has been exclusively carried out by equilibrating olivine with H2O only. In this study, OH solubility in olivine has been investigated by annealing natural olivine crystals under peridotite-bearing and CH4-H2O-present conditions with piston cylinder and multi-anvil apparatus. Experiments were performed at 1-7 GPa and 1100-1350?°C and with oxygen fugacity controlled by Fe-FeO buffer, and OH solubilities were measured from polarized infrared spectra. The olivines show no change in chemical composition during the experiments. The infrared spectra of all the annealed olivines show OH bands in the range 3650-3000 cm?1, at both high (>3450 cm?1) and low (<3450 cm?1) frequency, and the bands at ?3400-3300 cm?1 are greatly enhanced above ?3 GPa and 1300?°C. The determined H2O solubility is ?90-385 ppm for the olivine coexisting with H2O (1-7 GPa and 1100?°C), and is ?40-380 ppm for the olivine coexisting with CH4-H2O (1-7 GPa and 1100-1350?°C). When CH4 is present in the equilibrium fluid, the H2O solubility is reduced by a factor of ?2.3 under otherwise identical conditions, indicating a strong effect of CH4 on the partitioning of water between olivine and coexisting fluid. The storage capacity of water in the reducing upper mantle is, modeled with the measured solubility of olivine and available partition coefficients of water between coexisting minerals, up to ?2 orders of magnitude lower than some previous estimates. Considering the temperature along the geotherm in the reducing oceanic upper mantle, the required H2O concentration to trigger hydrous melting is 250 and 535 ppm at ?100 and 210 km depth, respectively, and is even larger at greater depths. These values exceed the typical H2O abundance (?100±50 ppm?100±50 ppm) in the upper mantle, suggesting that pervasive hydrous melting at reducing depths of the oceanic upper mantle is not likely. Similar arguments may also be casted for the reducing deep upper mantle in the continental regions.
DS201601-0005
2015
Bataleva, Y.V., Palyanov, Y.N., Sokol, A.G., Borzdov, Y.M., Bayukov, O.A.Wustite stability in the presence of CO2 -fluid and a carbonate silicate melt: implications for the graphite/diamond formation and generation of Fe-rich mantle metasomatic agents.Lithos, in press available, 40p.MantleMelting
DS201601-0029
2015
Milidragovic, D., Francis, D.Ca 2.7 Ga ferropicrite magmatism: a record of Fe-rich heterogeneities during Neoarchean global mantle melting.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, in press available, 14p.Canada, Africa, RussiaMelting

Abstract: Although terrestrial picritic magmas with FeOTOT ?13 wt.% are rare in the geological record, they were relatively common ca. 2.7 Ga during the Neoarchean episode of enhanced global growth of continental crust. Recent evidence that ferropicritic underplating played an important role in the ca. 2.74-2.70 Ga reworking of the Ungava craton provides the impetus for a comparison of ca. 2.7 Ga ferropicrite occurrences in the global Neoarchean magmatic record. In addition to the Fe-rich plutons of the Ungava craton, volumetrically minor ferropicritic flows, pyroclastic deposits, and intrusive rocks form parts of the Neoarchean greenstone belt stratigraphy of the Abitibi, Wawa, Wabigoon and Vermillion domains of the southern and western Superior Province. Neoarchean ferropicritic rocks also occur on five other Archean cratons: West Churchill, Slave, Yilgarn, Kaapvaal, and Karelia; suggesting that ca. 2.7 Ga Fe-rich magmatism was globally widespread.
DS201603-0404
2016
Mysen, B.Hydrogen isotope fractionation and redox-controlled solution mechanisms in silicate-COH melt+fluid systems.Journal of Geophysical Research,, Vol. 120, 11, pp. 7440-7459.MantleMelting

Abstract: The behavior of volatiles in silicate-COH melts and fluids and hydrogen isotope fractionation between melt and fluid were determined experimentally to advance our understanding of the role of volatiles in magmatic processes. Experiments were conducted in situ while the samples were at the desired temperature and pressure to 825°C and ~1.6?GPa and with variable redox conditions. Under oxidizing conditions, melt and fluid comprised CO2, CO3, HCO3, OH, H2O, and silicate components, whereas under reducing conditions, the species were CH4, H2, H2O, and silicate components. Temperature-dependent hydrogen isotope exchange among structural entities within coexisting fluids and melts yields ?H values near 14 and 24?kJ/mol and ?5 and ?1?kJ/mol under oxidizing and reducing conditions, respectively. This temperature (and probably pressure)-dependent D/H fractionation is because of interaction between D and H and silicate and C-bearing species in silicate-saturated fluids and in COH fluid-saturated melts. The temperature- and pressure-dependent D/H fractionation factors suggest that partial melts in the presence of COH volatiles in the upper mantle can have ?D values 100% or more lighter relative to coexisting silicate-saturated fluid. This effect is greater under oxidizing than under reducing conditions. It is suggested that ?D variations of upper mantle mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) sources, inferred from the ?D of MORB magmatic rocks, can be explained by variations in redox conditions during melting. Lower ?D values of the MORB magma reflect more reducing conditions in the mantle source.
DS201603-0436
2016
Ziberna, L., Klemme, S.Application of thermodynamic modelling to natural mantle xenoliths: examples of density variations and pressure temperature evolution of the lithospheric mantle.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 171, 16, 14p.MantleMelting

Abstract: In this paper, we show how the results of phase equilibria calculations in different mantle compositions can be reconciled with the evidence from natural mantle samples. We present data on the response of bulk rock density to pressure (P), temperature (T) and compositional changes in the lithospheric mantle and obtain constraints on the P T evolution recorded by mantle xenoliths. To do this, we examine the mantle xenolith suite from the Quaternary alkali basalts of Pali-Aike, Patagonia, using phase equilibria calculation in six representative compositions. The calculations were done subsolidus and in volatile-free conditions. Our results show that the density change related to the spinel peridotite to garnet peridotite transition is not sharp and strongly depends on the bulk composition. In a depleted mantle composition, this transition is not reflected in the density profile, while in a fertile mantle it leads to a relative increase in density with respect to more depleted compositions. In mantle sections characterized by hot geothermal gradients (~70 mW/m2), the spinel garnet transition may overlap with the lithosphere asthenosphere boundary. Phase equilibria calculations in peridotitic compositions representative of the Pali-Aike mantle were also used to constrain the origin and evolution of the mantle xenoliths. Our results indicate that the mineral modes and compositions, and the mineral zonation reported for the low-temperature peridotites (spinel and spinel + garnet harzburgites and lherzolites), are linked to a cooling event in the mantle which occurred long before the eruption of the host basalts. In addition, our phase equilibria calculations show that kelyphitic rims around garnets, as those observed in the high-temperature garnet peridotites from Pali-Aike, can be explained simply by decompression and do not require additional metasomatic fluid or melt.
DS201604-0600
2016
De Vries, J., Nimmo, F., Melosh, H., Jacobson, S., Morbidelli, A., Rubie, D.Impact induced melting during accretion of the Earth.Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, Vol. 3, 7p.MantleMelting

Abstract: Because of the high energies involved, giant impacts that occur during planetary accretion cause large degrees of melting. The depth of melting in the target body after each collision determines the pressure and temperature conditions of metal-silicate equilibration and thus geochemical fractionation that results from core-mantle differentiation. The accretional collisions involved in forming the terrestrial planets of the inner Solar System have been calculated by previous studies using N-body accretion simulations. Here we use the output from such simulations to determine the volumes of melt produced and thus the pressure and temperature conditions of metal-silicate equilibration, after each impact, as Earth-like planets accrete. For these calculations a parameterised melting model is used that takes impact velocity, impact angle and the respective masses of the impacting bodies into account. The evolution of metal-silicate equilibration pressures (as defined by evolving magma ocean depths) during Earth’s accretion depends strongly on the lifetime of impact-generated magma oceans compared to the time interval between large impacts. In addition, such results depend on starting parameters in the N-body simulations, such as the number and initial mass of embryos. Thus, there is the potential for combining the results, such as those presented here, with multistage core formation models to better constrain the accretional history of the Earth.
DS201604-0614
2016
Kimura, J-I., Kawabata, H.Change in the mantle potential temperature through Earth time: hotspots versus ridges.Japan Geoscience Union Meeting, 1p. AbstractMantleMelting
DS201605-0808
2016
Adam, J., Turner, M., Hauri, E.H., Turner, S.Crystal/melt partitioning of water and other volatiles during the near-solidus melting of mantle peridotite: comparisons with non-volatile incompatible elements and implications for the generation of intraplate magmatism.American Mineralogist, Vol. 101, pp. 876-888.MantleMagmatism - basanite, melting

Abstract: Concentrations of H2O, F, Cl, C, P, and S have been measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) in experimentally produced peridotite phases (including clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, olivine, garnet, amphibole, and mica) and coexisting basanitic glasses. Because only two experiments produced glasses on quenching (with the melt phase in others reverting to felt-like crystallite masses) H2O concentrations in melts were also separately determined from mass-balance relationships and by assuming constant H2O/La in melts and starting materials. The resulting values were used to calculate mineral/melt partition coefficients (D values) for H2O [where DH2Ocrystal/melt = (mass fraction of H2O in crystal)/(mass fraction of H2O in melt)] for conditions of 1025-1190 °C and 1.0-3.5 GPa. These gave 0.0064-0.0164 for clinopyroxene, 0.0046-0.0142 for orthopyroxene, 0.0015-0.0016 for olivine, and 0.0016-0.0022 for garnet. Although less information was obtained for the other volatiles, F was found to be significantly more compatible than H2O during peridotite melting, whereas Cl is significantly less compatible. S also has small but appreciable solubilities in amphiboles and micas, but not in pyroxenes or olivine. The solubility of C in silicate minerals appears to be negligible, although C was present in coexisting melts (~0.5 wt% as CO2) and as residual graphite during experiments. The D values for H2O in clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene are positively correlated with ivAl but negatively correlated with the H2O concentrations of melts (when considered as wt%). These relationships are consistent with the broad trends of previously published partitioning data. Although some of the concentration dependence can be related to cross-correlation between ivAl in pyroxenes and H2O concentrations in melts (via the latter’s control of liquidus temperatures) this relationship is too inconsistent to be a complete explanation. A concentration dependence for DH2Omineral/melt can also be independently predicted from speciation models for H2O in silicate melts. Thus it is likely that DH2Opyx/melt is influenced by both ivAl and the absolute concentration of H2O in melts. DH2O/DCe for clinopyroxene is inversely correlated with M2 site radii. Because the latter decrease with increasing pressure and temperature, relatively hot and/or deeply derived melts should be enriched in Ce relative to H2O when compared to melts from cooler and shallower mantle sources. Conversely, melts from H2O-rich settings (e.g., subduction zones) should have higher H2O/Ce than their source rocks. When combined with previously obtained partitioning data for non-volatile elements (from the same experiments), our data are consistent with the enrichment of intraplate basalt sources in both volatile and non-volatile incompatible elements by small-degree melts derived from local mid-ocean ridge basalt sources. In this way, volatiles can be seen to play an active role (via their promotion of partial-melting and metasomatic processes) in the auto-regulation of incompatible element concentrations in the depleted upper mantle.
DS201605-0890
2016
Rosenthal, A.Heterogeneous mantle melting.DCO Edmonton Diamond Workshop, June 8-10MantleMelting
DS201605-0903
2016
Sobolev, A.V., Asafov, E.V., Gurenko, A.A., Arndt, N.T., Batanova, V.G., Portnyagin, M.V., Garbe-Schonberg, D., Krasheninnikov, S.P.Komatites reveal a hydrous Archaen deep mantle reservoir.Nature, Vol. 531, Mar. 31, pp. 628-632.MantleMelting

Abstract: Archaean komatiites (ultramafic lavas) result from melting under extreme conditions of the Earth’s mantle. Their chemical compositions evoke very high eruption temperatures, up to 1,600 degrees Celsius, which suggests even higher temperatures in their mantle source1, 2. This message is clouded, however, by uncertainty about the water content in komatiite magmas. One school of thought holds that komatiites were essentially dry and originated in mantle plumes3, 4, 5, 6 while another argues that these magmas contained several per cent water, which drastically reduced their eruption temperature and links them to subduction processes7, 8, 9. Here we report measurements of the content of water and other volatile components, and of major and trace elements in melt inclusions in exceptionally magnesian olivine (up to 94.5?mole per cent forsterite). This information provides direct estimates of the composition and crystallization temperature of the parental melts of Archaean komatiites. We show that the parental melt for 2.7-billion-year-old komatiites from the Abitibi greenstone belt in Canada contained 30 per cent magnesium oxide and 0.6 per cent water by weight, and was depleted in highly incompatible elements. This melt began to crystallize at around 1,530 degrees Celsius at shallow depth and under reducing conditions, and it evolved via fractional crystallization of olivine, accompanied by minor crustal assimilation. As its major- and trace-element composition and low oxygen fugacities are inconsistent with a subduction setting, we propose that its high H2O/Ce ratio (over 6,000) resulted from entrainment into the komatiite source of hydrous material from the mantle transition zone10. These results confirm a plume origin for komatiites and high Archaean mantle temperatures, and evoke a hydrous reservoir in the deep mantle early in Earth’s history.
DS201606-1130
2016
Zhang, Z., Dorfman, S.M., Labidi, J., Zhang, S., Li, M., Manga, M., Stixrude, L., McDonough, W.F., Williams, Q.Primordial metallic melt in the deep mantle.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, 8, pp. 3693-3697.MantleMelting

Abstract: Seismic tomography models reveal two large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs) that identify large-scale variations in temperature and composition in the deep mantle. Other characteristics include elevated density, elevated bulk sound speed, and sharp boundaries. We show that properties of LLSVPs can be explained by the presence of small quantities (0.3-3%) of suspended, dense Fe-Ni-S liquid. Trapping of metallic liquid is demonstrated to be likely during the crystallization of a dense basal magma ocean, and retention of such melts is consistent with currently available experimental constraints. Calculated seismic velocities and densities of lower mantle material containing low-abundance metallic liquids match the observed LLSVP properties. Small quantities of metallic liquids trapped at depth provide a natural explanation for primitive noble gas signatures in plume-related magmas. Our model hence provides a mechanism for generating large-scale chemical heterogeneities in Earth's early history and makes clear predictions for future tests of our hypothesis.
DS201607-1346
2016
Gaetani, G.The influence of spinel lherzolite partial melting on oxygen fugacity in the oceanic upper mantle.IGC 35th., Session The Deep Earth 1 p. abstractMantleMelting
DS201607-1357
2016
Kaczmarek, M-A.Interaction of melt and deformation at the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary.IGC 35th., Session The Deep Earth 1 p. abstractMantleMelting
DS201607-1307
2016
Mallard, C., Coltice, N., Seton, M., Muller, R.D., Tackley, P.J.Subduction controls the distribution and fragmentation of Earth's tectonic plates.Nature, available eprintMantleSubduction, melting

Abstract: The theory of plate tectonics describes how the surface of Earth is split into an organized jigsaw of seven large plates1 of similar sizes and a population of smaller plates whose areas follow a fractal distribution2, 3. The reconstruction of global tectonics during the past 200 million years4 suggests that this layout is probably a long-term feature of Earth, but the forces governing it are unknown. Previous studies3, 5, 6, primarily based on the statistical properties of plate distributions, were unable to resolve how the size of the plates is determined by the properties of the lithosphere and the underlying mantle convection. Here we demonstrate that the plate layout of Earth is produced by a dynamic feedback between mantle convection and the strength of the lithosphere. Using three-dimensional spherical models of mantle convection that self-consistently produce the plate size -frequency distribution observed for Earth, we show that subduction geometry drives the tectonic fragmentation that generates plates. The spacing between the slabs controls the layout of large plates, and the stresses caused by the bending of trenches break plates into smaller fragments. Our results explain why the fast evolution in small back-arc plates7, 8 reflects the marked changes in plate motions during times of major reorganizations. Our study opens the way to using convection simulations with plate-like behaviour to unravel how global tectonics and mantle convection are dynamically connected.
DS201607-1309
2016
Moussallam, Y., Morizet, Y., Gaillard, F.H2O-CO2 solubility in low SiO2-melts and the unique mode of kimberlite degassing and emplacement.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 447, pp. 151-160.Mantle, Europe, ItalyKimberlite formation, volcanism, melting

Abstract: Kimberlites are the most deep-seated magmas in the mantle and ascend to the surface at an impressive speed, travelling hundreds of kilometres in just hours while carrying a substantial load of xenolithic material, including diamonds. The ascent dynamics of these melts are buoyancy-controlled and certainly driven by outgassing of volatile species, presumably H2O and CO2, summing to concentration level of ca 15 -30 wt.% in kimberlite melts. We provide H2O -CO2 solubility data obtained on quenched glasses that are synthetic analogues of kimberlite melts (SiO2 content ranging from 18 to 28 wt.%). The experiments were conducted in the pressure range 100 to 350 MPa. While the CO2 solubility can reach 20 wt.%, we show that the H2O solubility in these low silica melts is indistinguishable from that found for basalts. Moreover, whereas in typical basalts most of the water exsolves at shallower pressure than the CO2, the opposite relationship is true for the low-SiO2 composition investigated. These data show that kimberlites can rise to depths of the upper crust without suffering significant degassing and must release large quantities of volatiles (>15 wt.%) within the very last few kilometres of ascent. This unconventional degassing path may explain the characteristic pipe, widening-upward from a ?2.5 km deep root zone, where kimberlites are mined for diamonds. Furthermore, we show that small changes in melt chemistry and original volatile composition (H2O vs. CO2) provide a single mechanism to explain the variety of morphologies of kimberlite pipes found over the world. The cooling associated to such massive degassing must freeze a large quantity of melt explaining the occurrence of hypabyssal kimberlite. Finally, we provide strong constraints on the primary volatile content of kimberlite, showing that the water content reported for kimberlite magma is mostly reflective of secondary alteration.
DS201607-1322
2016
Zhang, Y., Wu, Y., Wang, C., Zhu, L., Jin, Z.Experimental constraints on the fate of subducted upper continental crust beyond the depth of no return.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 186, pp. 207-225.MantleSubduction, melting

Abstract: The subducted continental crust material will be gravitationally trapped in the deep mantle after having been transported to depths of greater than ?250 -300 km (the “depth of no return”). However, little is known about the status of this trapped continental material as well as its contribution to the mantle heterogeneity after achieving thermal equilibrium with the surrounding mantle. Here, we conduct an experimental study over pressure and temperature ranges of 9 -16 GPa and 1300 -1800 °C to constrain the fate of these trapped upper continental crust (UCC). The experimental results show that partial melting will occur in the subducted UCC along normal mantle geotherm to produce K-rich melt. The residual phases composed of coesite/stishovite + clinopyroxene + kyanite in the upper mantle, and stishovite + clinopyroxene + K-hollandite + garnet + CAS-phase in the mantle transition zone (MTZ), respectively. The residual phases achieve densities greater than the surrounding mantle, which provides a driving force for descent across the 410-km seismic discontinuity into the MTZ. However, this density relationship is reversed at the base of the MTZ, leaving the descended residues to be accumulated above the 660-km seismic discontinuity and may contribute to the “second continent”. The melt is ?0.6 -0.7 g/cm3 less dense than the surrounding mantle, which provides a buoyancy force for ascent of melt to shallow depths. The ascending melt, which preserves a significant portion of the bulk-rock rare earth elements (REEs), large ion lithophile elements (LILEs), and high-filed strength elements (HFSEs), may react with the surrounding mantle. Re-melting of the metasomatized mantle may contribute to the origin of the “enriched mantle sources” (EM-sources). Therefore, the deep subducted continental crust may create geochemical/geophysical heterogeneity in Earth’s interior through subduction, stagnation, partial melting and melt segregation.
DS201607-1323
2016
Zhang, Z., Dorfman, S.M., Labidi, J., Zhang, S., Li, M., Manga, M., Stixrude, L., McDonough, W.F., Williams, Q.Primordial metallic melt in the deep mantle.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, 8, pp. 3693-3699.MantleMelting

Abstract: Seismic tomography models reveal two large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs) that identify large-scale variations in temperature and composition in the deep mantle. Other characteristics include elevated density, elevated bulk sound speed, and sharp boundaries. We show that properties of LLSVPs can be explained by the presence of small quantities (0.3 -3%) of suspended, dense Fe-Ni-S liquid. Trapping of metallic liquid is demonstrated to be likely during the crystallization of a dense basal magma ocean, and retention of such melts is consistent with currently available experimental constraints. Calculated seismic velocities and densities of lower mantle material containing low-abundance metallic liquids match the observed LLSVP properties. Small quantities of metallic liquids trapped at depth provide a natural explanation for primitive noble gas signatures in plume-related magmas. Our model hence provides a mechanism for generating large-scale chemical heterogeneities in Earth's early history and makes clear predictions for future tests of our hypothesis.
DS201608-1450
2016
Wang, R., Collins, W.J., Weinberg, R.F., Li, J-X., Li, Q-Y., He, W-Y., Richards, J.P., Hou, Z., Zhou, Li-M., Stern, R.A.Xenoliths in ultrapotassic volcanic rocks in the Lhasa block: direct evidence for crust mantle mixing and metamorphism in the deep crust.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, in press available 19p.Asia, TibetMelting

Abstract: Felsic granulite xenoliths entrained in Miocene (~13 Ma) isotopically evolved, mantle-derived ultrapotassic volcanic (UPV) dykes in southern Tibet are refractory meta-granitoids with garnet and rutile in a near-anhydrous quartzo-feldspathic assemblage. High F-Ti (~4 wt.% TiO2 and ~3 wt.% F) phlogopite occurs as small inclusions in garnet, except for one sample where it occurs as flakes in a quartz-plagioclase-rich rock. High Si (~3.45) phengite is found as flakes in another xenolith sample. The refractory mineralogy suggests that the xenoliths underwent high-T and high-P metamorphism (800-850 °C, >15 kbar). Zircons show four main age groupings: 1.0-0.5 Ga, 50-45, 35-20, and 16-13 Ma. The oldest group is similar to common inherited zircons in the Gangdese belt, whereas the 50-45 Ma zircons match the crystallization age and juvenile character (?Hfi +0.5 to +6.5) of Eocene Gangdese arc magmas. Together these two age groups indicate that a component of the xenolith was sourced from Gangdese arc rocks. The 35-20 Ma Miocene ages are derived from zircons with similar Hf-O isotopic composition as the Eocene Gangdese magmatic zircons. They also have similar steep REE curves, suggesting they grew in the absence of garnet. These zircons mark a period of early Miocene remelting of the Eocene Gangdese arc. By contrast, the youngest zircons (13.0 ± 4.9 Ma, MSWD = 1.3) are not zoned, have much lower HREE contents than the previous group, and flat HREE patterns. They also have distinctive high Th/U ratios, high zircon ?18O (+8.73-8.97 ‰) values, and extremely low ?Hfi (?12.7 to ?9.4) values. Such evolved Hf-O isotopic compositions are similar to values of zircons from the UPV lavas that host the xenolith, and the flat REE pattern suggests that the 13 Ma zircons formed in equilibrium with garnet. Garnets from a strongly peraluminous meta-tonalite xenolith are weakly zoned or unzoned and fall into four groups, three of which are almandine-pyrope solid solutions and have low ?18O (+6 to 7.5 ‰), intermediate (?18O +8.5 to 9.0 ‰), and high ?18O (+11.0 to 12.0 ‰). The fourth is almost pure andradite with ?18O 10-12 ‰. Both the low and intermediate ?18O groups show significant variation in Fe content, whereas the two high ?18O groups are compositionally homogeneous. We interpret these features to indicate that the low and intermediate ?18O group garnets grew in separate fractionating magmas that were brought together through magma mixing, whereas the high ?18O groups formed under high-grade metamorphic conditions accompanied by metasomatic exchange. The garnets record complex, open-system magmatic and metamorphic processes in a single rock. Based on these features, we consider that ultrapotassic magmas interacted with juvenile 35-20 Ma crust after they intruded in the deep crust (>50 km) at ~13 Ma to form hybridized Miocene granitoid magmas, leaving a refractory residue. The ~13 Ma zircons retain the original, evolved isotopic character of the ultrapotassic magmas, and the garnets record successive stages of the melting and mixing process, along with subsequent high-grade metamorphism followed by low-temperature alteration and brecciation during entrainment and ascent in a late UPV dyke. This is an excellent example of in situ crust-mantle hybridization in the deep Tibetan crust.
DS201609-1733
2016
Myhill, R., Frost, D.J., Novella, D.Hydrous melting and partitioning in and above the mantle transition zone: insights from water-rich MgO SiO2 H2O experiments.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, In press available 39p.MantleMelting

Abstract: Hydrous melting at high pressures affects the physical properties, dynamics and chemical differentiation of the Earth. However, probing the compositions of hydrous melts at the conditions of the deeper mantle such as the transition zone has traditionally been challenging. In this study, we conducted high pressure multianvil experiments at 13 GPa between 1200 and 1900 °C to investigate the liquidus in the system MgO-SiO2-H2O. Water-rich starting compositions were created using platinic acid (H2Pt(OH)6) as a novel water source. As MgO:SiO2 ratios decrease, the T-XH2OXH2O liquidus curve develops an increasingly pronounced concave-up topology. The melting point reduction of enstatite and stishovite at low water contents exceeds that predicted by simple ideal models of hydrogen speciation. We discuss the implications of these results with respect to the behaviour of melts in the deep upper mantle and transition zone, and present new models describing the partitioning of water between the olivine polymorphs and associated hydrous melts.
DS201610-1848
2016
Brandon, A.Tectonics: changing of the plates.Nature Geoscience, Vol. 9, pp. 731-732.MantleMelting

Abstract: The composition of Earth's crust depends on the style of plate tectonics and of the melting regimes in the mantle. Analyses of the oldest identified rocks suggest that these styles and the resulting crust have changed over Earth's history.
DS201610-1863
2016
Giordano, D., Russell, J.K.The heat capacity of hydrous multicomponent natural melts and glasses.Chemical Geology, In press available 30p.MantleMelting

Abstract: The thermophysical properties of silicate melts and glasses are of fundamental importance for the characterization of the dynamics and energetics of silicate melts on Earth and terrestrial planets. The heat capacity of silicate melts is of particular importance because of its implications for the temperature dependencies of melt enthalpy and entropy and for the potential relationship to melt structure and transport properties. Currently, there are reliable models for predicting the heat capacity of simple and multicomponent silicate glasses (Cpglass) as a function of composition and temperature. Recent differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements of heat capacity for multicomponent silicate liquid (Cpliquid), however, have shown that published models do not accurately reproduce heat capacity measurements on some silicate melts. Here, we have compiled a database of heat capacity values for hydrous and anhydrous multicomponent natural samples. The measurements are on pairs of glasses and melts over the compositional range (wt%) of: SiO2 (44-79), Al2O3 (5-35), TiO2 (0-3), FeOtot (0 ? 11); Na2O + K2O (0-27); CaO + MgO (0-39), H2O (0-6.3) and minor oxides. The compiled data show strong correlations between silica content (XSiO2) and the configurational heat capacity (Cpconfig) defined as Cpliquid ? Cpglass measured across the glass transition temperature (Tg). This correlation is used to establish an empirical model for predicting Cpliquid as a function of melt composition (i.e. SiO2 content) and values of Cpglass measured at the onset of the glass transition: Cpliquid=52.6-55.88XSiO2+CpglassCpliquid=52.6-55.88XSiO2+Cpglass. The model reproduces values of Cpliquid to within an average relative error of ~ 2.4%. Published models for the heat capacities of silicate melts (e.g., Stebbins, 1984; Richet and Bottinga, 1985; Lange and Navrotsky, 1992) applied to the same dataset have average relative errors in excess of 5.5%.
DS201610-1882
2016
Le Roux, V., Nielsen, S.G., Sun, C., Yao, L.Dating layered websterite formation in the lithospheric mantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 454, pp. 103-112.Mantle, Africa, MoroccoMelting

Abstract: Pyroxenites are often documented among exhumed mantle rocks, and can be found in most tectonic environments, from supra-subduction to sub-continental and sub-oceanic mantle. In particular, websterites, i.e. orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene bearing pyroxenites, are found in parallel layers in most orogenic and ophiolitic peridotites. Their formation is often ascribed to melt infiltration and melt-rock reaction processes accompanied by variable amount of deformation. One outstanding question is whether the ubiquitous occurrence of layered websterites in exhumed rocks is generally linked to the exhumation process or truly represents large-scale melt infiltration processes at depth prior to exhumation. These two hypotheses can be distinguished by comparing the exhumation and formation ages of the websterites. However, determination of the layered websterite formation age is challenging. Here we present a novel approach to constrain the formation age of websterite layers using samples from the Lherz massif (France), where layered websterites and lherzolites have formed through melt-rock reaction. By combining high-resolution REE variations, isotope model ages, and diffusive re-equilibration timescales using REE closure temperatures across the websterite layers, we constrain a minimum age and a maximum age for the formation of layered websterites. We show that layered websterites in Lherz formed 1,500-1,800 Ma ago, and are thus clearly disconnected from the process of exhumation at 104 Ma. Multiple generations of layered websterites commonly found in ultramafic massifs, along with the evidence for ancient melt-rock reaction in Lherz, indicate that melt-rock reactions can happen episodically or continuously in the mantle and that layered websterites found in exhumed mantle rocks record ubiquitous melt infiltration processes in the mantle.
DS201610-1917
2016
Weiss, Y., Class, C., Goldstein, S.L., Hanyu, T.Key new pieces of the HIMU puzzle from olivines and diamond inclusions.Nature, On line Sept. 5, 11p.MantleMelting

Abstract: Mantle melting, which leads to the formation of oceanic and continental crust, together with crust recycling through plate tectonics, are the primary processes that drive the chemical differentiation of the silicate Earth. The present-day mantle, as sampled by oceanic basalts, shows large chemical and isotopic variability bounded by a few end-member compositions1. Among these, the HIMU end-member (having a high U/Pb ratio, ?) has been generally considered to represent subducted/recycled basaltic oceanic crust2, 3, 4, 5. However, this concept has been challenged by recent studies of the mantle source of HIMU magmas. For example, analyses of olivine phenocrysts in HIMU lavas indicate derivation from the partial melting of peridotite, rather than from the pyroxenitic remnants of recycled oceanic basalt6. Here we report data that elucidate the source of these lavas: high-precision trace-element analyses of olivine phenocrysts point to peridotite that has been metasomatized by carbonatite fluids. Moreover, similarities in the trace-element patterns of carbonatitic melt inclusions in diamonds7 and HIMU lavas indicate that the metasomatism occurred in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle, fused to the base of the continental crust and isolated from mantle convection. Taking into account evidence from sulfur isotope data8 for Archean to early Proterozoic surface material in the deep HIMU mantle source, a multi-stage evolution is revealed for the HIMU end-member, spanning more than half of Earth’s history. Before entrainment in the convecting mantle, storage in a boundary layer, upwelling as a mantle plume and partial melting to become ocean island basalt, the HIMU source formed as Archean-early Proterozoic subduction-related carbonatite-metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle.
DS201611-2096
2016
Arai, S., Miura, M.Formation and modification of chromitites in the mantle.Lithos, Vol. 264, pp. 277-295.MantlePodiform, UHP, melt

Abstract: Chromitites (aggregates of chromite or chromian spinel) inform us of various mantle processes, including magmatism, magma/peridotite reaction and mantle dynamics [1]. They typically form as magmatic cumulates from chromiteoversaturated melt within conduits in the mantle peridotite [2]. They are usually enveloped by replacive dunite [1]. In Oman, both concordant and discordant chromitites are of low-P (upper mantle) magmatic origin [3, 4]. Their chromite grains contain inclusions of pargasite, aspidolite and pyroxenes, which suggest low P. Mineral chemistry suggests involvement of MORB for the concordant chromitite, and of arc-related magma for the discrodant one. This is consistent with the switch of tectonic setting, from MOR to SSZ, for the Oman ophiolite magmatism. Only the concordant chromitite shows metamorphic characters, i.e. exsolution of diopside in chromite and outward diffusion of Ni (< 30 cm) in the dunite envelope [5], indicating its longer residence in the mantle. Ultra-high pressure (UHP) chromitites have been reported from the Tibetan and Polar Ural ophiolites [6, 7]. Most of their petrographic characteristics can be explained by UHP "metamorphism" of low-P magmatic chromitites above [8]. This may suggest recycling of low-P chromitite as deep as the transion-zone mantle [9]. The UHP chromitite is, however, still highly enigmatic: some characteristics, e.g., the amount and origin of carbon as diamond, are difficult to explain. High-T aqueous fluids containing Cl, S and C, can mobilize Cr and precipitate chromite in the mantle [10]. Chromite was dissolved and precipitated in/from high-T fluids which formed diopsidites in Oman. Chromite was concentrated to form thin "hydrothermal chromitite". Sub-arc metasomatized peridotites contain secondary chromite closely associated with fluid inclusions, indicating Cr mobility via fluids within the mantle wedge. Hydrothermal chromitites are expected in the mantle where fluid circulation is available.
DS201611-2147
2016
Wheeling, K.A better model for how the mantle melts.EOS Transaction of AGU, 97, Sept. 28, 1p.MantleMelting

Abstract: The bulk of the Earth’s volume is composed of the mantle-the layer of silicate rocks sandwiched between the dense, hot core and the thin crust. Although the mantle is mostly solid rock, it’s generally viscous: Slowly over millions of years, the material within the layer drifts, driving tectonic plates together and apart. Thus, the mantle’s influence can be seen on the planet’s surface on both large and small scales-from fueling volcanoes and seafloor expansion down to the composition and characteristics of igneous rocks. Most of the Earth’s mantle is composed of peridotite, an igneous rock rich in the mineral olivine. But previous research suggests that melted mantle pyroxenites-igneous rocks composed primarily of pyroxenes, minerals that contain 40% more silicon than olivine-may also be a source of oceanic lavas. New research by Lambart et al. seeks to better model how pyroxenites influence melting that occurs in the mantle. Pyroxenites make up between 2% and 10% of the upper mantle, depending on the region, but determining the amount of pyroxenites in hot mantle plumes to the surface requires more information. Researchers have found that at the same pressure, pyroxenites tend to melt at lower temperatures than peridotites, which means that any pyroxenites in peridotite-rich mantle regions might make up a larger portion of the liquid material than their small fraction of mantle bulk would suggest. To understand how the varying source materials in the mantle contribute to the characteristics of igneous rocks at the surface, researchers need to understand the melting characteristics of pyroxenites-a broad and variable group of rocks. That variability in composition makes predicting the phase changes of pyroxenites more complicated. And that complexity means that current models of mantle melting, like pMELTS, overestimate the temperature range over which pyroxenites melt. So the authors created a new parameterization for mantle melting models that seeks to rectify the problem. The new parameterization accounts for the fact that temperature, pressure, and the bulk chemical composition of the rocks together determine their near solidus temperature. The authors used a compilation of 183 experiments on pyroxenites with 25 varying chemical compositions, carried out over pressures from 0.9 to 5 gigapascals (GPa) and temperatures ranging from 1150°C to 1675°C. They charted the temperature when 5% of the materials was molten and the temperature at which clinopyroxene, a dominant mineral in pyroxenites, in each sample was gone-parameters that are easy to detect accurately and consistently. This analysis helped the authors create a new model based on experimental data from the literature, dubbed Melt-PX, which predicts the temperature at which the pyroxenites start to melt within 30°C and the amount of melting within 13%. It showed that at low pressure-less than 1 GPa-pyroxenites melt at lower temperatures than peridotites, but as pressure increases, more and more pyroxenites melt at higher temperatures than peridotites. The new model will be a useful tool to understand magma composition, ultimately giving researchers a window into the Earth and the source of oceanic basalts.
DS201612-2281
2016
Brown, E.L., Lesher, C.E.REEBOX PRO: a forward model simulating melting of thermally and lithologically variable upwelling mantle.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: G3, Vol. 17, 10, pp. 3929-3968.MantleMelting
DS201612-2285
2016
Cavalcante, G.C.C., Viegas, G., Archanjo, C.J.The influence of partial melting and melt migration on the rheology of the continental crust.Journal of Geodynamics, Vol. 101, pp. 186-199.MantleMelting

Abstract: The presence of melt during deformation produces a drastic change in the rheological behavior of the continental crust; rock strength is decreased even for melt fractions as low as ?7%. At pressure/temperature conditions typical of the middle to lower crust, melt-bearing systems may play a critical role in the process of strain localization and in the overall strength of the continental lithosphere. In this contribution we focus on the role and dynamics of melt flow in two different mid-crustal settings formed during the Brasiliano orogeny: (i) a large-scale anatectic layer in an orthogonal collision belt, represented by the Carlos Chagas anatexite in southeastern Brazil, and (ii) a strike-slip setting, in which the Espinho Branco anatexite in the Patos shear zone (northeast Brazil) serves as an analogue. Both settings, located in eastern Brazil, are part of the Neoproterozoic tectonics that resulted in widespread partial melting, shear zone development and the exhumation of middle to lower crustal layers. These layers consist of compositionally heterogeneous anatexites, with variable former melt fractions and leucosome structures. The leucosomes usually form thick interconnected networks of magma that reflect a high melt content (>30%) during deformation. From a comparison of previous work based on detailed petrostructural and AMS studies of the anatexites exposed in these areas, we discuss the rheological implications caused by the accumulation of a large volume of melt “trapped” in mid-crustal levels, and by the efficient melt extraction along steep shear zones. Our analyses suggest that rocks undergoing partial melting along shear settings exhibit layers with contrasting competence, implying successive periods of weakening and strengthening. In contrast, regions where a large amount of magma accumulates lack clear evidence of competence contrast between layers, indicating that they experienced only one major stage of dramatic strength drop. This comparative analysis also suggests that the middle part of both belts contained large volumes of migmatites, attesting that the orogenic root was partially molten and encompassed more than 30% of granitic melt at the time of deformation.
DS201612-2289
2016
Condamine, P., Medard, E., Devidal, J-L.Experimental melting of phlogopite-peridotite in the garnet stability field.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 171, pp. 95-121.TechnologyMelting - peridotite

Abstract: Melting experiments have been performed at 3 GPa, between 1150 and 1450 °C, on a phlogopite-peridotite source in the garnet stability field. We succeeded to extract and determine the melt compositions of both phlogopite-bearing lherzolite and harzburgite from low to high degrees of melting (? = 0.008-0.256). Accounting for the presence of small amounts of F in the mantle, we determined that phlogopite coexists with melt >150 °C above the solidus position (1150-1200 °C). Fluorine content of phlogopite continuously increases during partial melting from 0.2 to 0.9 wt% between 1000 and 1150 °C and 0.5 to 0.6 wt% between 1150 and 1300 °C at 1 and 3 GPa, respectively. The phlogopite continuous breakdown in the lherzolite follows the reaction: 0.59 phlogopite + 0.52 clinopyroxene + 0.18 garnet = 0.06 olivine + 0.23 orthopyroxene + 1.00 melt. In the phlogopite-harzburgite, the reaction is: 0.93 phlogopite + 0.46 garnet = 0.25 olivine + 0.14 orthopyroxene + 1.00 melt. Melts from phlogopite-peridotite sources at 3 GPa are silica-undersaturated and are foiditic to trachybasaltic in composition from very low (0.8 wt%) to high (25.6 wt%) degrees of melting. As observed at 1 GPa, the potassium content of primary mantle melts is buffered by the presence of phlogopite, but the buffering values are higher, from 6.0 to 8.0 wt% depending on the source fertility. We finally show that phlogopite garnet-peridotite melts are very close to the composition of the most primitive post-collisional lavas described worldwide.
DS201612-2313
2016
Kumari, S., Paul, D., Stracke, A.Open system models of isotopic evolution in Earth's silicate reservoirs: implications for crustal growth and mantle heterogeneity.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 195, pp. 142-157.MantleMelting
DS201612-2332
2016
Rudzitis, S., Reid, M.R., Blichert-Toft, J.On edge melting under the Colorado Plateau margin.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: G3, Vol. 17, 10, 1002/ 2016GC006349.United States, Colorado PlateauMelting

Abstract: Asthenosphere beneath the relatively thin lithosphere of the Basin and Range province appears to be juxtaposed in step-like fashion against the Colorado Plateau's thick lithospheric keel. Primary to near-primary basalts are found above this edge, in the San Francisco-Morman Mountain volcanic fields, north central Arizona, western USA. We show that at least two distinct peridotite-dominated mantle end-members contributed to the origin of the basalts. One has paired Nd and Hf isotopic characteristics that cluster near the mantle array and trace element patterns as expected for melts generated in the asthenosphere, possibly in the presence of garnet. The second has isotopic compositions displaced above the ?Hf - ?Nd mantle array which, together with its particular trace element characteristics, indicate contributions from hydrogenous sediments and/or melt (carbonatite or silicate)-related metasomatism. Melt equilibration temperatures obtained from Si- and Mg-thermobarometry are mostly 1340-1425°C and account for the effects of water (assumed to be 2 wt.%) and estimated CO2 (variable). Melt equilibration depths cluster at the inferred location of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary at ?70-75 km beneath the southwestern margin of the Colorado Plateau but scatter to somewhat greater values (?100 km). Melt generation may have initiated in or below the garnet-spinel facies transition zone by edge-driven convection and continued as mantle and/or melts upwelled, assimilating and sometimes equilibrating with shallower contaminated mantle, until melts were finally extracted.
DS201701-0006
2016
Condamine, P., Medard, E., Devidal, J-L.Experimental melting of phlogopite peridotite in the garnet stability field.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 171, pp. 95-106.MantleMelting

Abstract: Melting experiments have been performed at 3 GPa, between 1150 and 1450 °C, on a phlogopite-peridotite source in the garnet stability field. We succeeded to extract and determine the melt compositions of both phlogopite-bearing lherzolite and harzburgite from low to high degrees of melting (? = 0.008-0.256). Accounting for the presence of small amounts of F in the mantle, we determined that phlogopite coexists with melt >150 °C above the solidus position (1150-1200 °C). Fluorine content of phlogopite continuously increases during partial melting from 0.2 to 0.9 wt% between 1000 and 1150 °C and 0.5 to 0.6 wt% between 1150 and 1300 °C at 1 and 3 GPa, respectively. The phlogopite continuous breakdown in the lherzolite follows the reaction: 0.59 phlogopite + 0.52 clinopyroxene + 0.18 garnet = 0.06 olivine + 0.23 orthopyroxene + 1.00 melt. In the phlogopite-harzburgite, the reaction is: 0.93 phlogopite + 0.46 garnet = 0.25 olivine + 0.14 orthopyroxene + 1.00 melt. Melts from phlogopite-peridotite sources at 3 GPa are silica-undersaturated and are foiditic to trachybasaltic in composition from very low (0.8 wt%) to high (25.6 wt%) degrees of melting. As observed at 1 GPa, the potassium content of primary mantle melts is buffered by the presence of phlogopite, but the buffering values are higher, from 6.0 to 8.0 wt% depending on the source fertility. We finally show that phlogopite garnet-peridotite melts are very close to the composition of the most primitive post-collisional lavas described worldwide.
DS201702-0218
2016
Jennings, E.S., Holland, T.J.B., Shorttle, O., Gibson, S.The composition of melts from a heterogeneous mantle and origin of ferropicrite: application of a thermodynamic model.Journal of Petrology, In press available 22p.MantleEclogite, melting

Abstract: Evidence for chemical and lithological heterogeneity in the Earth’s convecting mantle is widely acknowledged, yet the major element signature imparted on mantle melts by this heterogeneity is still poorly resolved. In this study, a recent thermodynamic melting model is tested on a range of compositions that correspond to potential mantle lithologies (harzburgitic to pyroxenitic), to demonstrate its applicability over this compositional range, in particular for pyroxenite melting. Our results show that, despite the model’s calibration in peridotitic systems, it effectively reproduces experimental partial melt compositions for both Si-deficient and Si-excess pyroxenites. Importantly, the model accurately predicts the presence of a free silica phase at high pressures in Si-excess pyroxenites, indicating the activation of the pyroxene-garnet thermal divide. This thermal divide has a dominant control on solidus temperature, melt productivity and partial melt composition. The model is used to make new inferences on the link between mantle composition and melting behaviour. In silica-deficient and low-pressure (olivine-bearing) lithologies, melt composition is not very sensitive to source composition. Linearly varying the source composition between peridotite and basaltic pyroxenite, we find that the concentration of oxides in the melt tends to be buffered by the increased stability of more fusible phases, causing partial melts of even highly fertile lithologies to be similar to those of peridotite. An exception to this behaviour is FeO, which is elevated in partial melts of silica-deficient pyroxenite even if the bulk composition does not have a high FeO content relative to peridotite. Melt Al2O3 and MgO vary predominantly as a function of melting depth rather than bulk composition. We have applied the thermodynamic model to test the hypothesis that Fe-rich mantle melts such as ferropicrites are derived by partial melting of Si-deficient pyroxenite at elevated mantle potential temperatures. We show that the conspicuously high FeO in ferropicrites at a given MgO content does not require a high-Fe mantle source and is indeed best matched by model results involving around 0-20% melting of silica-deficient pyroxenite. A pyroxenite source lithology also accounts for the low CaO content of ferropicrites, whereas their characteristic low Al2O3 is a function of their high pressure of formation. Phanerozoic ferropicrites are exclusively located in continental flood basalt (CFB) provinces and this model of formation confirms that lithological heterogeneity (perhaps recycled oceanic crust) is present in CFB mantle sources.
DS201703-0427
2017
Myhill, R., Frost, D.J., Novella, D.Hydrous melting and partitioning in and above the mantle transition zone: insights from water-rich MgO SiO2 H2O experiments.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 200, pp. 408-421.MantleMelting

Abstract: Hydrous melting at high pressures affects the physical properties, dynamics and chemical differentiation of the Earth. However, probing the compositions of hydrous melts at the conditions of the deeper mantle such as the transition zone has traditionally been challenging. In this study, we conducted high pressure multianvil experiments at 13 GPa between 1200 and 1900 °C to investigate the liquidus in the system MgO-SiO2-H2O. Water-rich starting compositions were created using platinic acid (H2Pt(OH)6) as a novel water source. As MgO:SiO2 ratios decrease, the T-XH2OT-XH2O liquidus curve develops an increasingly pronounced concave-up topology. The melting point reduction of enstatite and stishovite at low water contents exceeds that predicted by simple ideal models of hydrogen speciation. We discuss the implications of these results with respect to the behaviour of melts in the deep upper mantle and transition zone, and present new models describing the partitioning of water between the olivine polymorphs and associated hydrous melts.
DS201705-0849
2017
Litvin, Y., Kuzyura, A.Fractional ultrabasic basic evolution of upper mantle magmatism: evidence from xenoliths in kimberlites, inclusions in diamonds and experiments.European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017, Vienna April 23-28, 1p. 4773 AbstractMantleMelting

Abstract: Ultrabasic peridotites and pyroxenites together with basic eclogites are the upper-mantle in situ rocks among xenoliths in kimberlites. Occasionally their diamond-bearing varieties have revealed within the xenoliths. Therewith the compositions of rock-forming minerals demonstrate features characteristic for primary diamond-included minerals of peridotite and eclogite parageneses (the elevated contents of Cr-component in peridotitic garnets and Na-jadeitic component in eclogitic clinopyroxenes). High-pressure experimental study of melting equilibria on the multicomponent peridotie-pyroxenite system olivine Ol - orthopyroxene Opx - clinopyroxene Cpx - garnet Grt showed that Opx disappeared in the peritectic reaction Opx+L?Cpx (Litvin, 1991). As a result, the invariant peritectic equilibrium Ol+Opx+Cpx+Grt+L of the ultrabasic system was found to transform into the univariant cotectic assemblage Ol+Cpx+Grt+L. Further experimental investigation showed that olivine reacts with jadeitic component (Jd) with formation of garnet at higher 4.5 GPa (Gasparik, Litvin, 1997). Study of melting relations in the multicomponent system Ol - Cpx - Jd permits to discover the peritectic point Ol+Omph+Grt+L (where Omph - omphacitic clinopyroxene) at concentration 3-4 wt.% Jd-component in the system. The reactionary loss of Opx and Ol makes it possible to transform the 4-phase garnet lherzolite ultrabasic association into the bimineral eclogite assemblage. The regime of fractional Ol, Cpx and Grt crystallization must be accompanied by increasing content of jadeitic component in residual melts that causes the complete "garnetization of olivine". In the subsequent evolution, the melts would have to fractionate for basic SiO2-saturated compositions responsible for petrogenesis of eclogite varieties marked with accessory corundum Crn, kyanite Ky and coesite Coe. Both the peritectic mechanisms occur in regime of fractional crystallization. The sequence of the upper-mantle fractional ultrabasic-basic magmatic evolution and petrogenesis may be controlled by the following melting relations: from Ol, Opx, L field to cotectic curve Ol, Opx, Cpx, L, peritectic point Ol, Opx, Cpx, Grt, L (loss of Opx), cotectic curve Ol, (Cpx+Jd), Grt, L, peritectic point Ol, (Cpx?Omph), Grt, L (loss of Ol), divariant field Omph,Grt,L, cotectic curve Ky, Omph, Grt, L, eutectic point Ky,Coe,Omph, Grt,L, subsolidus assemblage Ky,Coe,Omph, Grt. The fractional ultrabasic-basic evolution of the upper-mantle silicate-carbonate-carbon melts-solutions, which are responsible for genesis of diamond-and-inclusions associations and diamond-bearing peridotites and eclogites, follows the similar physico-chemical mechanisms (Litvin et al., 2016). This is illustrated by fractional syngenesis diagram for diamonds and associated minerals which construction is based on evidence from high pressure experiments. References Gasparik T., Litvin Yu.A (1997). Stability of Na2Mg2Si2O7 and melting relations on the forsterite - jadeite join at pressures up to 22 GPa.
DS201705-0850
2017
Litvin, Y., Spivak, A.Ultrabasic basic change over primary inclusions in lower mantle diamonds: mineralogical and experimental evidence for crucial role of stishovite paradox.European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017, Vienna April 23-28, 1p. 4785 AbstractMantleMelting

Abstract: Melting relations of the lower-mantle magmatic system MgO - FeO - CaO - SiO2 are characterized by peritectic reaction of bridgmanite (Mg,Fe)SiO3 and melt with formation of Fe-rich phases of periclase-wustite solid solutions (MgO•FeO)ss and stishovite SiO2. The reaction proceeds also in melts-solutions of lower-mantle diamond-parental system MgO - FeO - CaO - SiO2 - (Mg-Fe-Ca-Na-carbonate) - C. Xenoliths of lower mantle rocks were never found among the deep mantle derived materials. Estimation of lower-mantle mineralogy as ferropericlase+ bridgmanite+ Ca-perovskite association is inferred from high-pressure subsolidus experiments with ultrabasic pyrolite composition (Akaogi, 2007). The paradoxical in situ paragenesis of stishovite and ferropericlase as primary inclusions in lower-mantle diamonds (Kaminsky, 2012) takes its explanation from the bridgmanite peritectic reaction (effect of "stishovite paradox") (Litvin et al., 2014). Based on the data for inclusions, physico-chemical study on syngenesis of diamonds and primary inclusions has experimentally revealed the ferropericlase-bridgmanite-Ca-perovskite-stishovite-magnesiowustite-(Mg-Fe-Ca-Na-carbonate)-carbon compositions of the lower-mantle diamond-forming system .(Litvin et al., 2016). The generalized diagram of diamong-forming media characterizes the variable compositions of growths melts for diamonds and paragenetic phases and their genetic relationships with lower mantle matter, and it is the reason for genetic classifying primary inclusions. Fractional ultrabasic-basic evolution and continuous paragenetic transition from ultrabasic bridgmanite-ferropericlase to basic stishovite-magnesiowustite assemblages in the of lower-mantle diamond-parental melts-solutions are providing by the physico-chemical mechanism of stishovite paradox. References Akaogi M. (2007). Phase transformations of minerals in the transition zone and upper part of the lower mantle.
DS201705-0864
2017
Novella, D., Dolejs, D., Myhill, R., Pamato, M.G., Manthilake, G., Frost, D.J.Melting phase relations in the systems Mg2SiO4-H2O and MgSiO3-H2O and the formation of hydrous melts.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 204, pp. 68-82.MantleMelting

Abstract: High-pressure and high-temperature melting experiments were conducted in the systems Mg2SiO4-H2O and MgSiO3-H2O at 6 and 13 GPa and between 1150 and 1900 °C in order to investigate the effect of H2O on melting relations of forsterite and enstatite. The liquidus curves in both binary systems were constrained and the experimental results were interpreted using a thermodynamic model based on the homogeneous melt speciation equilibrium, H2O + O2? = 2OH?, where water in the melt is present as both molecular H2O and OH? groups bonded to silicate polyhedra. The liquidus depression as a function of melt H2O concentration is predicted using a cryoscopic equation with the experimental data being reproduced by adjusting the water speciation equilibrium constant. Application of this model reveals that in hydrous MgSiO3 melts at 6 and 13 GPa and in hydrous Mg2SiO4 melts at 6 GPa, water mainly dissociates into OH? groups in the melt structure. A temperature dependent equilibrium constant is necessary to reproduce the data, however, implying that molecular H2O becomes more important in the melt with decreasing temperature. The data for hydrous forsterite melting at 13 GPa are inconclusive due to uncertainties in the anhydrous melting temperature at these conditions. When applied to results on natural peridotite melt systems at similar conditions, the same model infers the presence mainly of molecular H2O, implying a significant difference in physicochemical behaviour between simple and complex hydrous melt systems. As pressures increase along a typical adiabat towards the base of the upper mantle, both simple and complex melting results imply that a hydrous melt fraction would decrease, given a fixed mantle H2O content. Consequently, the effect of pressure on the depression of melting due to H2O could not cause an increase in the proportion, and hence seismic visibility, of melts towards the base of the upper mantle.
DS201705-0872
2017
Rollinson, H., Adetunji, J., Lenaz, D., Szilas, K.Archean chromitites show constant Fe3+/Efe in Earth's asthenospheric mantle since 3.8 Ga.Journal of Petrology, in press available 42p.Europe, Greenland, Africa, ZimbabweMelting, Fiskenaesset Compex, Ujaragssuit, Limpopo belt
DS201706-1065
2017
Burnham, A.D., Berry, A.J.Formation of Hadean granites by melting of igneous crust.Nature Geoscience, in press May 8 availableAustraliaJack Hills zircon

Abstract: The oldest known samples of Earth, with ages of up to 4.4?Gyr, are detrital zircon grains in meta-sedimentary rocks of the Jack Hills in Australia. These zircons offer insights into the magmas from which they crystallized, and, by implication, igneous activity and tectonics in the first 500 million years of Earth’s history, the Hadean eon. However, the compositions of these magmas and the relative contributions of igneous and sedimentary components to their sources have not yet been resolved. Here we compare the trace element concentrations of the Jack Hills zircons to those of zircons from the locality where igneous (I-) and sedimentary (S-) type granites were first distinguished. We show that the Hadean zircons crystallized predominantly from I-type magmas formed by melting of a reduced, garnet-bearing igneous crust. Further, we propose that both the phosphorus content of zircon and the ratio of phosphorus to rare earth elements can be used to distinguish between detrital zircon grains from I- and S-type sources. These elemental discriminants provide a new geochemical tool to assess the relative contributions of primeval magmatism and melting of recycled sediments to the continents over geological time.
DS201706-1079
2017
Hier-Majumder, S., Tauzin, B.Pervasive upper mantle melting beneath the western USA.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 463, pp. 25-35.United Statesmelting

Abstract: We report from converted seismic waves, a pervasive seismically anomalous layer above the transition zone beneath the western US. The layer, characterized by an average shear wave speed reduction of 1.6%, spans over an area of ?1.8×106 km2?1.8×106 km2 with thicknesses varying between 25 and 70 km. The location of the layer correlates with the present location of a segment of the Farallon plate. This spatial correlation and the sharp seismic signal atop of the layer indicate that the layer is caused by compositional heterogeneity. Analysis of the seismic signature reveals that the compositional heterogeneity can be ascribed to a small volume of partial melt (0.5 ± 0.2 vol% on average). This article presents the first high resolution map of the melt present within the layer. Despite spatial variations in temperature, the calculated melt volume fraction correlates strongly with the amplitude of P-S conversion throughout the region. Comparing the values of temperature calculated from the seismic signal with available petrological constraints, we infer that melting in the layer is caused by release of volatiles from the subducted Farallon slab. This partially molten zone beneath the western US can sequester at least 1.2×1017 kg1.2×1017 kg of volatiles, and can act as a large regional reservoir of volatile species such as H or C.
DS201706-1089
2017
Lavecchia, A., Thieulot, C., Beekman, F., Cloetingh, S., Clark, S.Lithosphere erosion and continental breakup: interaction of extension, plume upwelling and melting.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 467, pp. 89-98.Mantlemelting

Abstract: We present the results of thermo-mechanical modelling of extension and breakup of a heterogeneous continental lithosphere, subjected to plume impingement in presence of intraplate stress field. We incorporate partial melting of the extending lithosphere, underlying upper mantle and plume, caused by pressure-temperature variations during the thermo-mechanical evolution of the conjugate passive margin system. Effects of melting included in the model account for thermal effects, causing viscosity reduction due to host rock heating, and mechanical effects, due to cohesion loss. Our study provides better understanding on how presence of melts can influence the evolution of rifting. Here we focus particularly on the role of melting for the temporal and spatial evolution of passive margin geometry and rift migration. Depending on the lithospheric structure, melt presence may have a significant impact on the characteristics of areas affected by lithospheric extension. Pre-existing lithosphere heterogeneities determine the location of initial breakup, but in presence of plumes the subsequent evolution is more difficult to predict. For small distances between plume and area of initial rifting, the development of symmetric passive margins is favored, whereas increasing the distance promotes asymmetry. For a plume-rifting distance large enough to prevent interaction, the effect of plumes on the overlying lithosphere is negligible and the rift persists at the location of the initial lithospheric weakness. When the melt effect is included, the development of asymmetric passive continental margins is fostered. In this case, melt-induced lithospheric weakening may be strong enough to cause rift jumps toward the plume location.
DS201706-1109
2017
Wang, Y., Foley, S.F., Prelevic, D.Potassium rich magmatism from a phlogopite free source.Geology, Vol. 45, 5, pp. 467-470.Europe, Serbiamelting

Abstract: The generation of strongly potassic melts in the mantle is generally thought to require the presence of phlogopite in the melting assemblage. In the Mediterranean region, trace element and isotope compositions indicate that continental crustal material is involved in the generation of many potassium-rich lavas. This is clearest in ultrapotassic rocks like lamproites and shoshonites, for which the relevant chemical signals are less diluted by extensive melting of peridotite. Furthermore, melting occurs here in young lithosphere, so the continental crust was not stored for a long period of time in the mantle before reactivation. We have undertaken two types of experiments to investigate the reaction between crust and mantle at 1000-1100 °C and 2-3 GPa. In the first, continental crustal metasediment (phyllite) and depleted peridotite (dunite) were juxtaposed as separate blocks, whereas in the second, the same rock powders were intimately mixed. In the first series, a clear reaction zone dominated by orthopyroxene was formed between dunite and phyllite but no hybridized melt could be found, whereas analyzable pools of hybridized melt occurred throughout the charges in the second series. Melt compositions show high abundances of Rb (100-220 ppm) and Ba (400-870 ppm), and consistent ratios of Nb/Ta (10-12), Zr/Hf (34-42), and Rb/Cs (28-34), similar to bulk continental crust. These experiments demonstrate that melts with as much as 5 wt% K2O may result from reaction between melts of continent-derived sediment and depleted peridotite at shallow mantle depths without the need for phlogopite or any other potassic phase in the residue.
DS201707-1308
2017
Bell, E.Ancient magma sources revealed. Nature Geoscience, Vol. 10, 6, pp. 397-398.Mantlemelting

Abstract: The composition of Earth's oldest crust is uncertain. Comparison of the most ancient mineral grains with more recent analogues suggests that formation of the earliest crust was heavily influenced by re-melting of igneous basement rocks.
DS201707-1309
2017
Bouhifd, M.A., Clesi, V., Boujibar, A., Cartier, C., Hammouda, T., Boyet, M., Manthilake, G., Monteux, J., Andrault, D.Silicate melts during the Earth's core formation.Chemical Geology, Vol. 461, pp. 128-139.Mantlemelting

Abstract: Accretion from primordial material and its subsequent differentiation into a planet with core and mantle are fundamental problems in terrestrial and solar system. Many of the questions about the processes, although well developed as model scenarios over the last few decades, are still open and much debated. In the early Earth, during its formation and differentiation into rocky mantle and iron-rich core, it is likely that silicate melts played an important part in shaping the Earth's main reservoirs as we know them today. Here, we review several recent results in a deep magma ocean scenario that give tight constraints on the early evolution of our planet. These results include the behaviour of some siderophile elements (Ni and Fe), lithophile elements (Nb and Ta) and one volatile element (Helium) during Earth's core formation. We will also discuss the melting and crystallization of an early magma ocean, and the implications on the general feature of core-mantle separation and the depth of the magma ocean. The incorporation of Fe2 + and Fe3 + in bridgmanite during magma ocean crystallization is also discussed. All the examples presented here highlight the importance of the prevailing conditions during the earliest time of Earth's history in determining the composition and dynamic history of our planet.
DS201707-1348
2017
Marshall, E.W., Lassiter, J.C., Barnes, J.D., Luguet, A., Lissner, M.Mantle melt production during the 1.4 Ga Laurentian magmatic event: isotopic constraints from Colorado Plateau mantle xenoliths.Geology, Vol. 45, 6, pp. 519-522.United States, Colorado Plateaumelting - Navajo Volcanics

Abstract: Plutons associated with a 1.4 Ga magmatic event intrude across southwestern Laurentia. The tectonic setting of this major magmatic province is poorly understood. Proposed melting models include anorogenic heating from the mantle, continental arc or transpressive orogeny, and anatexis from radiogenic heat buildup in thickened crust. Re-Os analyses of refractory mantle xenoliths from the Navajo volcanic field (NVF; central Colorado Plateau) yield Re depletion ages of 2.1–1.7 Ga, consistent with the age of the overlying Yavapai and Mazatzal crust. However, new Sm-Nd isotope data from clinopyroxene in peridotite xenoliths from NVF diatremes show a subset of xenoliths that plot on a ca. 1.4 Ga isochron, which likely reflects mantle melt production and isotopic resetting at 1.4 Ga. This suggests that Paleoproterozoic subcontinental lithospheric mantle was involved in the 1.4 Ga magmatic event. Our constraints support a subduction model for the generation of the 1.4 Ga granites but are inconsistent with rifting and anorogenic anatexis models, both of which would require removal of ancient lithosphere.
DS201708-1665
2017
Harte, B.Tracing lithsophere melt compositions using polymict peridotites11th. International Kimberlite Conference, PosterMantlemelting
DS201708-1574
2017
Lamb, S., Moore, J.D., Smith, E., Stern, T.Episodic kinematics in continental rifts modulated by changes in mantle melt fraction.Nature, Vol. 547, 7661, pp. 84-88.Mantlemelting

Abstract: Oceanic crust is created by the extraction of molten rock from underlying mantle at the seafloor ‘spreading centres’ found between diverging tectonic plates. Modelling studies have suggested that mantle melting can occur through decompression as the mantle flows upwards beneath spreading centres, but direct observation of this process is difficult beneath the oceans. Continental rifts, however—which are also associated with mantle melt production—are amenable to detailed measurements of their short-term kinematics using geodetic techniques. Here we show that such data can provide evidence for an upwelling mantle flow, as well as information on the dimensions and timescale of mantle melting. For North Island, New Zealand, around ten years of campaign and continuous GPS measurements in the continental rift system known as the Taupo volcanic zone reveal that it is extending at a rate of 6-15?millimetres per year. However, a roughly 70-kilometre-long segment of the rift axis is associated with strong horizontal contraction and rapid subsidence, and is flanked by regions of extension and uplift. These features fit a simple model that involves flexure of an elastic upper crust, which is pulled downwards or pushed upwards along the rift axis by a driving force located at a depth greater than 15?kilometres. We propose that flexure is caused by melt-induced episodic changes in the vertical flow forces that are generated by upwelling mantle beneath the rift axis, triggering a transient lower-crustal flow. A drop in the melt fraction owing to melt extraction raises the mantle flow viscosity and drives subsidence, whereas melt accumulation reduces viscosity and allows uplift—processes that are also likely to occur in oceanic spreading centres.
DS201708-1714
2017
Mibe, K.Sound velocity of carbonate melts under high pressure and temperature conditions and the origin of mid-lithospheric discontinuity.11th. International Kimberlite Conference, PosterMantlemelting
DS201708-1580
2017
Rocco, I., Zanetti, A., Melluso, L., Morra, V.Ancient depleted and enriched mantle lithosphere domains in northern Madagascar: geochemical and isotopic evidence from spinel-to-plagioclase-bearing ultramafic xenoliths. Massif d'Ambre and BobaombyChemical Geology, in press available, 16p.Africa, Madagascarmelting

Abstract: Mantle xenoliths hosted in Cenozoic alkaline rocks of northern Madagascar (Massif d'Ambre and Bobaomby volcanic fields) are spinel lherzolites, harzburgites and rare websterites. Petrography, electron microprobe, LA-ICP-MS and thermal ionization mass spectrometry techniques allowed to recognize domains characterized by variable degree of partial melting and extent of re-enrichment processes: 1) refractory spinel-to-spinel + plagioclase-lherzolites, with clinopyroxenes having marked LREE (Light Rare Earth Elements) depletion ((La/Yb)N ~ 0.2) and very high 143Nd/144Nd (0.513594), which represent a limited and shallow portion of old mantle that suffered low degree partial melting (2–3%) and was later accreted to the lithosphere. These lherzolites acted as a low-porosity region, being, in places, percolated by small volumes of melts shortly before eruption; 2) lherzolites and harzburgites that suffered variable degrees of partial melt extraction (up to 15%), assisted and/or followed by pervasive, porous flow infiltration of alkaline melts in a relatively large porosity region, leading to the creation of a wide area rich in secondary mineral phases (i.e. olivine, clinopyroxene and pargasitic amphibole), enriched in incompatible elements (e.g., LaN/YbN in clinopyroxene up to 15) and having radiogenic Sr and unradiogenic Nd; 3) websterites and wehrlite-bearing samples that record differentiation processes of alkaline melts highly enriched in Th, U and LREE, not yet documented in the erupted volcanics of northern Madagascar. The mantle xenoliths of northern Madagascar show a regional decrease of the equilibration temperature from to SW (up to 1180 °C, Nosy Be Archipelago) to the NE (up to 900 °C, Bobaomby district). A significant lithologic and geochemical variation of the shallow lithospheric mantle beneath northern Madagascar is noted, in contrast with the relatively uniform geochemical and isotopic composition of the host alkali basalt and basanite lavas.
DS201708-1797
2017
Zhang, S-B.Oxidation of lithospheric mantle beneath Tanzania by melt reaction.11th. International Kimberlite Conference, PosterAfrica, Tanzaniamelting
DS201711-2499
2017
Andrault, D., Bolfan-Casanova, N., Bouhifd, M.A., Boujibar, A., Garbarino, G., Manthilake, G., Mezouar, M., Monteux, J., Parisiades, P., Pesce, G.Toward a coherent model for the melting behaviour of the deep Earth's mantle.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 265, pp. 67-81.Mantlemelting

Abstract: Knowledge of melting properties is critical to predict the nature and the fate of melts produced in the deep mantle. Early in the Earth’s history, melting properties controlled the magma ocean crystallization, which potentially induced chemical segregation in distinct reservoirs. Today, partial melting most probably occurs in the lowermost mantle as well as at mid upper-mantle depths, which control important aspects of mantle dynamics, including some types of volcanism. Unfortunately, despite major experimental and theoretical efforts, major controversies remain about several aspects of mantle melting. For example, the liquidus of the mantle was reported (for peridotitic or chondritic-type composition) with a temperature difference of ?1000 K at high mantle depths. Also, the Fe partitioning coefficient (DFeBg/melt) between bridgmanite (Bg, the major lower mantle mineral) and a melt was reported between ?0.1 and ?0.5, for a mantle depth of ?2000 km. Until now, these uncertainties had prevented the construction of a coherent picture of the melting behavior of the deep mantle. In this article, we perform a critical review of previous works and develop a coherent, semi-quantitative, model. We first address the melting curve of Bg with the help of original experimental measurements, which yields a constraint on the volume change upon melting (?Vm). Secondly, we apply a basic thermodynamical approach to discuss the melting behavior of mineralogical assemblages made of fractions of Bg, CaSiO3-perovskite and (Mg,Fe)O-ferropericlase. Our analysis yields quantitative constraints on the SiO2-content in the pseudo-eutectic melt and the degree of partial melting (F) as a function of pressure, temperature and mantle composition; For examples, we find that F could be more than 40% at the solidus temperature, except if the presence of volatile elements induces incipient melting. We then discuss the melt buoyancy in a partial molten lower mantle as a function of pressure, F and DFeBg/melt. In the lower mantle, density inversions (i.e. sinking melts) appear to be restricted to low F values and highest mantle pressures. The coherent melting model has direct geophysical implications: (i) in the early Earth, the magma ocean crystallization could not occur for a core temperature higher than ?5400 K at the core-mantle boundary (CMB). This temperature corresponds to the melting of pure Bg at 135 GPa. For a mantle composition more realistic than pure Bg, the right CMB temperature for magma ocean crystallization could have been as low as ?4400 K. (ii) There are converging arguments for the formation of a relatively homogeneous mantle after magma ocean crystallization. In particular, we predict the bulk crystallization of a relatively large mantle fraction, when the temperature becomes lower than the pseudo-eutectic temperature. Some chemical segregation could still be possible as a result of some Bg segregation in the lowermost mantle during the first stage of the magma ocean crystallization, and due to a much later descent of very low F, Fe-enriched, melts toward the CMB. (iii) The descent of such melts could still take place today. There formation should to be related to incipient mantle melting due to the presence of volatile elements. Even though, these melts can only be denser than the mantle (at high mantle depths) if the controversial value of DFeBg/melt is indeed as low as suggested by some experimental studies. This type of melts could contribute to produce ultra-low seismic velocity anomalies in the lowermost mantle.
DS201711-2529
2017
Tamarova, A.P., Bobrov, A.V., Sirotkina, E.A., Bindi, L., Irifune, T.Melting of model pyrolite under the conditions of the transition zone.Proceedings of XXXIV held Aug. 4-9. Perchuk International School of Earth Sciences, At Miass, Russia, 1p. AbstractMantlemelting
DS201803-0470
2017
Persikov, E.S., Bukhtiyarov, P.G., Sokol, A.G.Viscosity of hydrous kimberlite and basaltic melts at high pressures.Russian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 58, pp. 1093-1100.Mantlemelting

Abstract: New experimental data on the temperature and pressure dependences of the viscosity of synthetic hydrous kimberlite melts (82 wt.% silicate + 18 wt.% carbonate; degree of depolymerization: 100NBO/T = 313 for anhydrous melts and 100NBO/T = 247 for melts with 3 wt.% H2O) were obtained at a water pressure of 100 MPa and at lithostatic pressures of 5.5 and 7.5 GPa in the temperature range 1300-1950 °C. The temperature dependence of the viscosity of these melts follows the exponential Arrhenius-Frenkel-Eyring equation in the investigated range of temperatures and pressures. The activation energies of viscous flow for hydrous kimberlite melts were first shown to increase linearly with increasing pressure. Under isothermal conditions (T = 1800 °C), the viscosity of hydrous kimberlite melts increases exponentially by about an order of magnitude as the pressure increases from 100 MPa to 7.5 GPa. The new experimental data on the viscosity of hydrous kimberlite melts (error ± 30 rel.%) are compared with forecast viscosity data for anhydrous kimberlite and basaltic melts (100NBO/T = 51.5) and for hydrous basaltic melts (100NBO/T = 80). It is shown that at comparable temperatures, the viscosity of hydrous kimberlite melts at a moderate pressure (100 MPa) is about an order of magnitude lower than the viscosity of hydrous basaltic melts, whereas at a high pressure (7.5 GPa) it is more than twice higher. It is first established that water dissolution in kimberlite melts does not affect seriously their viscosity (within the measurement error) at both moderate (100 MPa) and high (7.5 GPa) pressures, whereas the viscosity of basaltic melts considerably decreases with water dissolution at moderate pressures (100 MPa) and remains unchanged at high pressures (P > 3.5 GPa).
DS201807-1540
2018
Zhang, L., Smyth, J.R., Kawazoe, T., Jacobsen, S.D., Qin, S.Transition metals in the transition zone: partitioning of Ni, Co, and Zn between olivine, wadsleyite, ringwoodite, and clineoenstatite.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 10.1007/ s00410-018-1478-x 10p.Mantlemelting

Abstract: Ni, Co, and Zn are widely distributed in the Earth’s mantle as significant minor elements that may offer insights into the chemistry of melting in the mantle. To better understand the distribution of Ni2+, Co2+, and Zn2+ in the most abundant silicate phases in the transition zone and the upper mantle, we have analyzed the crystal chemistry of wadsleyite (Mg2SiO4), ringwoodite (Mg2SiO4), forsterite (Mg2SiO4), and clinoenstatite (Mg2Si2O6) synthesized at 12-20 GPa and 1200-1400 °C with 1.5-3 wt% of either NiO, CoO, or ZnO in starting materials. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses demonstrate that significant amounts of Ni, Co, and Zn are incorporated in octahedral sites in wadsleyite (up to 7.1 at%), ringwoodite (up to 11.3 at%), olivine (up to 2.0 at%), and clinoenstatite (up to 3.2 at%). Crystal structure refinements indicate that crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) controls both cation ordering and transition metal partitioning in coexisting minerals. According to electron microprobe analyses, Ni and Co partition preferentially into forsterite and wadsleyite relative to coexisting clinoenstatite. Ni strongly prefers ringwoodite over coexisting wadsleyite with DRw/WdNi?=?4.13. Due to decreasing metal-oxygen distances with rising pressure, crystal field effect on distribution of divalent metal ions in magnesium silicates is more critical in the transition zone relative to the upper mantle. Analyses of Ni partitioning between the major upper-mantle phases implies that Ni-rich olivine in ultramafic rocks can be indicative of near-primary magmas.
DS201809-1997
2018
Boehler, R.Surprising" phase behavior of pure carbon: is diamond metastable at high pressures?Goldschmidt Conference, 1p. AbstractMantlemelting

Abstract: Flash laser heating in diamond anvil cells has been performed to melt diamond up to 37.5 GPa and 4500K using three different methods and three different starting materials: graphite, glassy carbon and diamond. In these experiments molten diamonds were confirmed by FIB/SEM images of the quenched samples. The melting slope of diamond is strongly negative, in contrast to all theoretical predictions. This is the first direct measurement of diamond melting temperatures at high pressure supporting early predictions based on analogies in the phase behavior of the group IV elements carbon, silicon and germanium. For diamond, these analogies had been dismissed for over 30 years based on theoretical grounds. The results imply that, at very high pressure, diamond, seemingly stable in all static and shock experiments, must be outside its thermodynamic stability field. This could be comparable to its behavior at ambient pressures, where diamond exhibits remarkable stability when heated to several thousand degrees even though the thermodynamically stable form of carbon is graphite.
DS201809-2002
2018
Brunelli, D., Cipriani, A., Bonatti, E.Thermal effects of pyroxenites on mantle melting below mid-ocean ridges.Nature Geoscience, Vol. 11, July, pp. 520-525.Mantle, Oceanmelting

Abstract: After travelling in Earth’s interior for up to billions of years, recycled material once injected at subduction zones can reach a subridge melting region as pyroxenite dispersed in the host peridotitic mantle. Here we study genetically related crustal basalts and mantle peridotites sampled along an uplifted lithospheric section created at a segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge through a time interval of 26 million years. The arrival of low-solidus material into the melting region forces the elemental and isotopic imprint of the residual peridotites and of the basalts to diverge with time. We show that a pyroxenite-bearing source entering the subridge melting region induces undercooling of the host peridotitic mantle, due to subtraction of latent heat by melting of the low-T-solidus pyroxenite. Mantle undercooling, in turn, lowers the thermal boundary layer, leading to a deeper cessation of melting. A consequence is to decrease the total amount of extracted melt, and hence the magmatic crustal thickness. The degree of melting undergone by a homogeneous peridotitic mantle is higher than the degree of melting of the same peridotite but veined by pyroxenites. This effect, thermodynamically predicted for a marble-cake-type peridotite–pyroxenite mixed source, implies incomplete homogenization of recycled material in the convective mantle.
DS201809-2012
2018
Clerc, F., Behn, M.D., Parmentier, E.M., Hirth, G.Predicting rates and distribution of carbonate melting in oceanic upper mantle: implications for seismic structure and global carbon cycling.Geophysical Research Letters, doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078142Mantlemelting

Abstract: Despite support from indirect observations, the existence of a layer of carbon?rich, partially molten rock (~60 km) below oceanic crust, made possible by the presence of CO2, remains uncertain. In particular, abrupt decreases in the velocity that seismic waves propagate at depths of 40-90 and 80-180 km beneath the ocean basins remain unexplained. In this study, we test whether these seismic discontinuities can be attributed to the presence of a layer of carbon?rich melt. Melt generation occurs only where the mantle is upwelling; thus, we predict the locations of carbonate?enhanced melting using a mantle convection model and compare the resulting melt distribution with the seismic observations. We find that the shallower seismic discontinuities (at 40? to 90?km depth) are not associated with regions of predicted melting but that the deeper discontinuities (80-180 km) occur preferentially in areas of greater mantle upwelling—suggesting that these deep observations may reflect the presence of localized melt accumulation at depth. Finally, we show that carbonate melting far from mid?ocean ridges produces an additional CO2 flux previously overlooked in deep carbon cycle estimates, roughly equivalent to the flux of CO2 due to seafloor volcanism.
DS201809-2013
2018
Dapper, F.A., Cottrell, E.Experimental investigation and peridotite oxybarometers: implications for spinel thermodynamic models and Fe3+ compatibility during generation of upper mantle melts.American Mineralogist, Vol. 103, pp. 1056-1067.Mantlemelting
DS201810-2322
2018
Giordano, D., Russell, J.K.Towards a structural model for the viscosity of geological melts.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 501, pp. 202-212.Mantlemelting

Abstract: The viscosity of silicate melts is the most important physical property governing magma transport and eruption dynamics. This macroscopic property is controlled by composition and temperature but ultimately reflects the structural organization of the melt operating at the microscale. At present, there is no explicit relationship connecting viscosity to silicate melt structure and vice versa. Here, we use a single Raman spectroscopic parameter, indicative of melt structure, to accurately forecast the viscosity of natural, multicomponent silicate melts from spectroscopic measurements on glasses preserved on Earth and other planets. The Raman parameter is taken as the ratio of low and high frequency vibrational bands from the silicate glass by employing a green source laser wavelength of 514.5 nm (R514.5). Our model is based on an empirical linkage between R514.5 and coefficients in the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann function for the temperature dependence of melt viscosity. The calibration of the Raman-based model for melt viscosity is based on 413 high-temperature measurements of viscosity on 23 melt compositions for which published Raman spectra are available. The empirical model obviates the need for chemical measurement of glass compositions, thereby, providing new opportunities for tracking physical and thermochemical properties of melts during igneous processes (e.g., differentiation, mixing, assimilation). Furthermore, our model serves as a milepost for the future use of Raman spectral data for predicting transport (and calorimetric) properties of natural melts at geological conditions (e.g., volatiles and pressure) and production.
DS201810-2374
2018
Rosenthal, A., Yaxley, G.M., Crichton, W.A., Kovacs, I.J., Spandler, C., Hermann, J., Sandorne, J.K., Rose-Koga, E., Pelleter, A-A.Phase relations and melting of nominally 'dry' residual eclogites with variable CaO/Na2O from 3 to 5 Gpa and 1250 to 1500C; implications for refertilisation of upwelling heterogeneous mantle. Lithos, Vol. 314-315, pp. 506-519.Mantlemelting
DS201811-2565
2018
Dasgupta, R., Van Tongeren, J.A., Watson, E.B., Ghiorso, M.Volatile bearing partial melts beneath oceans and continents; where, how much, and of what composition.American Journal of Science, Vol. 318, 1, pp. 141-165.Mantlemelting

Abstract: Besides depth and temperature, CO2 and H2O, are the two most important variables in stabilizing partial melts in the Earth's mantle. However, despite decades of experimental studies on the roles of these two volatile species in affecting mantle melting, ambiguity remains in terms of the stability, composition, and proportion of volatile-bearing partial melts at depths. Furthermore, the difference in the influence of H2O versus CO2 in production of mantle melts is often inadequately discussed. Here I first discuss how as a function of depth and concentration of volatiles, the peridotite + H2O versus peridotite + CO2 near-solidus melting conditions differ - discussing specifically the concepts of saturation of volatile-bearing phases and how the mode of storage of ‘water’ and carbon affects the near solidus melting relations. This analysis shows that for the Earth's mantle beneath oceans and continents, deep, volatile-induced melting is influenced mostly by carbon, with water-bearing carbonated silicate melt being the key agent. A quantitative framework that uses the existing experimental data, allows calculation of the loci, extent of melting, and major element compositions of volatile-bearing partial melts beneath oceans and continents. How the domains of volatile-bearing melt stability are affected when possible oxygen fugacity variation at depths in the mantle is taken into account is also discussed. I show that trace amount hydrous carbonated silicate melt is likely stabilized at two or more distinct depths in the continental lithospheric mantle, at depths ranges similar to where mid-lithospheric discontinuity (MLD) and lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) have been estimated from seismology. Whereas beneath oceans, hydrous carbonated silicate melt likely remain continuously stable from the base of the thermal boundary layer to at least 200 km or deeper depending on the prevailing oxygen fugacity at depths. Hotter mantles, such as those beneath oceans, prevent sampling strongly silica-undersaturated, carbonated melts such as kimberlites as shallower basaltic melt generation dominates. Thick thermal boundary layers, such as those in cratonic regions, on the other hand allow production of kimberlitic to carbonatitic melt only. Therefore, the increasing frequency of occurrence of kimberlites starting at the Proterozoic may be causally linked to cooling and growth of sub-continental mantles through time.
DS201811-2582
2018
Johnson, T.E., Gardiner, N.J., Miljkovic, K., Spencer, C.J., Kirkland, C.L., Bland, P.A., Smithies, H.An impact melt origin for Earth's oldest known evolved rocks. Acasta GneissNature Geoscience, Vol. 11, pp. 795-799.Canada, Northwest Territoriesmelting

Abstract: Earth’s oldest evolved (felsic) rocks, the 4.02-billion-year-old Idiwhaa gneisses of the Acasta Gneiss Complex, northwest Canada, have compositions that are distinct from the felsic rocks that typify Earth’s ancient continental nuclei, implying that they formed through a different process. Using phase equilibria and trace element modelling, we show that the Idiwhaa gneisses were produced by partial melting of iron-rich hydrated basaltic rocks (amphibolites) at very low pressures, equating to the uppermost ~3?km of a Hadean crust that was dominantly mafic in composition. The heat required for partial melting at such shallow levels is most easily explained through meteorite impacts. Hydrodynamic impact modelling shows not only that this scenario is physically plausible, but also that the region of shallow partial melting appropriate to formation of the Idiwhaa gneisses would have been widespread. Given the predicted high flux of meteorites in the late Hadean, impact melting may have been the predominant mechanism that generated Hadean felsic rocks.
DS201812-2779
2018
Benard, A., Klimm, K., Woodland, A.B., Arculus, R.J., Wilke, M., Botcharnikov, R.E., Shimizu, N., Nebel, O., Rivard, C., Ionov, D.A.Oxidising agents in sub-arc mantle melts link slab devolatillisation and arc magmas.Nature Communications, Vol. 9, 1, doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05804-2 11p.Mantlemelting

Abstract: Subduction zone magmas are more oxidised on eruption than those at mid-ocean ridges. This is attributed either to oxidising components, derived from subducted lithosphere (slab) and added to the mantle wedge, or to oxidation processes occurring during magma ascent via differentiation. Here we provide direct evidence for contributions of oxidising slab agents to melts trapped in the sub-arc mantle. Measurements of sulfur (S) valence state in sub-arc mantle peridotites identify sulfate, both as crystalline anhydrite (CaSO4) and dissolved SO42? in spinel-hosted glass (formerly melt) inclusions. Copper-rich sulfide precipitates in the inclusions and increased Fe3+/?Fe in spinel record a S6+Fe2+ redox coupling during melt percolation through the sub-arc mantle. Sulfate-rich glass inclusions exhibit high U/Th, Pb/Ce, Sr/Nd and ?34S (+?7 to +?11‰), indicating the involvement of dehydration products of serpentinised slab rocks in their parental melt sources. These observations provide a link between liberated slab components and oxidised arc magmas.
DS201812-2811
2018
Giordano, D., Russell, J.K.Towards a structural model for the viscosity of geological melts.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 501, pp. 202-212.Mantlemelting

Abstract: The viscosity of silicate melts is the most important physical property governing magma transport and eruption dynamics. This macroscopic property is controlled by composition and temperature but ultimately reflects the structural organization of the melt operating at the microscale. At present, there is no explicit relationship connecting viscosity to silicate melt structure and vice versa. Here, we use a single Raman spectroscopic parameter, indicative of melt structure, to accurately forecast the viscosity of natural, multicomponent silicate melts from spectroscopic measurements on glasses preserved on Earth and other planets. The Raman parameter is taken as the ratio of low and high frequency vibrational bands from the silicate glass by employing a green source laser wavelength of 514.5 nm (R514.5). Our model is based on an empirical linkage between R514.5 and coefficients in the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann function for the temperature dependence of melt viscosity. The calibration of the Raman-based model for melt viscosity is based on 413 high-temperature measurements of viscosity on 23 melt compositions for which published Raman spectra are available. The empirical model obviates the need for chemical measurement of glass compositions, thereby, providing new opportunities for tracking physical and thermochemical properties of melts during igneous processes (e.g., differentiation, mixing, assimilation). Furthermore, our model serves as a milepost for the future use of Raman spectral data for predicting transport (and calorimetric) properties of natural melts at geological conditions (e.g., volatiles and pressure) and production.
DS201901-0073
2018
Schwindinger, M., Weinberg, R.F., Clos, F.Wet or dry? The difficulty of identifying the presence of water during crustal melting.Journal of Metamorphic Geology, doi.org/10.1111/jmg.12465Mantlemelting

Abstract: Partial melting of continental crust and evolution of granitic magmas are inseparably linked to the availability of H2O. In the absence of a free aqueous fluid, melting takes place at relatively high temperatures by dehydration of hydrous minerals, whereas in its presence, melting temperatures are lowered, and melting need not involve hydrous minerals. With the exception of anatexis in water?saturated environments where anhydrous peritectic minerals are absent, there is no reliable indicator that clearly identifies the presence of a free aqueous fluid during anatexis. Production of Ab?rich magmas or changes in LILE ratios, such as an increase in Sr and decrease in Rb indicating increased involvement of plagioclase, are rough guidelines to the presence of aqueous fluids. Nevertheless, all of them have caveats and cannot be unequivocally applied, allowing for the persistence of a bias in the literature towards dehydration melting. Investigation of mineral equilibria modelling of three metasedimentary protoliths of the Kangaroo Island migmatites in South Australia, shows that the main indicator for the presence of small volumes of excess water under upper amphibolite to lower granulite facies conditions (660?750°C) is the melt volume produced. Melt composition, modal content or chemical composition of peritectic minerals such as cordierite, sillimanite or garnet are relatively insensitive to the presence of free water. However, the mobility of melt during open system behaviour makes it difficult to determine the melt volume produced. We therefore argue that the presence of small volumes of excess water might be much more common than so far inferred, with large impact on the buffering of crustal temperatures and fertility, and therefore rheology of the continental crust.
DS201901-0085
2018
Wang, H., van Hunen, J., Pearson, D.G.Making Archean cratonic roots by lateral compression: a two stage thickening and stabilization model.Tectonophysics, Vol. 746, pp. 562-571.Mantlemelting

Abstract: Archean tectonics was capable of producing virtually indestructible cratonic mantle lithosphere, but the dominant mechanism of this process remains a topic of considerable discussion. Recent geophysical and petrological studies have refuelled the debate by suggesting that thickening and associated vertical movement of the cratonic mantle lithosphere after its formation are essential ingredients of the cratonization process. Here we present a geodynamical study that focuses on how the thick stable cratonic lithospheric roots can be made in a thermally evolving mantle. Our numerical experiments explore the viability of a cratonization process in which depleted mantle lithosphere grows via lateral compression into a > 200-km thick, stable cratonic root and on what timescales this may happen. Successful scenarios for craton formation, within the bounds of our models, are found to be composed of two stages: an initial phase of tectonic shortening and a later phase of gravitational self-thickening. The initial tectonic shortening of previously depleted mantle material is essential to initiate the cratonization process, while the subsequent gravitational self-thickening contributes to a second thickening phase that is comparable in magnitude to the initial tectonic phase. Our results show that a combination of intrinsic compositional buoyancy of the cratonic root, rapid cooling of the root after shortening, and the long-term secular cooling of the mantle prevents a Rayleigh-Taylor type collapse, and will stabilize the thick cratonic root for future preservation. This two-stage thickening model provides a geodynamically viable cratonization scenario that is consistent with petrological and geophysical constraints.
DS201901-0096
2018
Zhimulev, E.I., Chepurov, A.I., Sobolev, N.V.Genesis of diamond in metal-carbon and metal-sulfur carbon melts: evidence from experimental data. ( light yellow and colorless diamond)Doklady earth Sciences, Vol. 483, 1, pp. 1473-1474.Mantlemelting

Abstract: The experimental data on diamond growth in the Fe-Ni-S-C and Fe-S-C systems with a sulfur content of 5-14 wt % at 5.5 GPa and 1300-1350°C are reported. Colorless and light yellow diamond crystals with a weight of 0.1-0.8 ct were synthesized. It is shown in the Fe-S-C system that at 5.5. GPa diamond may crystallize in a very narrow temperature range, from 1300 to 1370°C. Based on comparative analysis of the experimental data and the results of the study of native iron inclusions in natural diamonds from kimberlite pipes, it is suggested that diamond genesis may be partly controlled by the pre-eutectic (by the concentration of sulfur in relation to metal) metal-sulfide melt.
DS201902-0262
2018
Bo, T., Katz, R.F., Shorttle, O., Rudge, J.F.The melting column as a filter of mantle trace element heterogeneity.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Vol. 19, 12, pp. 4694-4721.Mantlemelting

Abstract: Basaltic lavas, created by melting the convecting mantle, show variability of concentration of trace element that are correlated with their affinity for the liquid phase during melting. The observed variability in lavas and melt inclusions carries information about heterogeneity in the mantle. The difficulty is to disentangle the contributions of source heterogeneity (i.e., spatial variability of mantle composition before melting) and process heterogeneity (i.e., spatial and temporal variability in melt transport). Here we develop an end?member model of the source heterogeneity and show that it is inadequate to explain observations.
DS201902-0263
2018
Cavalcante, C., Hollanda, M.H., Vauchez, A., Kawata, M.How long can the middle crust remain partially molten during orogeny?Geology, Vol. 46, pp. 839-852.South America, Brazil, Africa, Congomelting

Abstract: Extensive partial melting of the middle to lower crustal parts of orogens, such as of the current Himalaya-Tibet orogen, significantly alters their rheology and imposes first-order control on their tectonic and topographic evolution. We interpret the late Proterozoic Araçuaí orogen, formed by the collision between the São Francisco (Brazil) and Congo (Africa) cratons, as a deep section through such a hot orogen based on U-Pb sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) zircon ages and Ti-in-zircon and Zr-in-rutile temperatures from the Carlos Chagas anatectic domain. This domain is composed of peraluminous anatexites and leucogranites that typically exhibit interconnected networks of garnet-rich leucosomes or a magmatic foliation. Zirconium-in-rutile temperatures range from 745 to 820 °C, and the average Ti-in-zircon temperature ranges from 712 to 737 °C. The geochronologic and thermometry data suggest that from 597 to 572 Ma this domain was partially molten and remained so for at least 25 m.y., slowly crystallizing between temperatures of ?815 and >700 °C. Significant crustal thickening must have occurred prior to 600 Ma, with initial continental collision likely before 620 Ma, a time period long enough to heat the crust to temperatures required for widespread partial melting at middle crustal levels and to favor a "channel flow" tectonic behavior.
DS201903-0507
2019
Evans, R.L., Elsenbeck, J., Zhu, J., Abelsalam, M.G., Sarafian, E., Mutamina, D., Chilongola, F., Atekwan, E., Jones, A.G.Structure of the lithosphere beneath the Barotse Basin, western Zambia from magnetotelluric data.Tectonics, in press available Africa, Zambiamelting

Abstract: A magnetotelluric survey in the Barotse Basin of western Zambia shows clear evidence for thinned lithosphere beneath an orogenic belt. The uppermost asthenosphere, at a depth of 60-70 km, is highly conductive, suggestive of the presence of a small amount of partial melt, despite the fact that there is no surface expression of volcanism in the region. Although the data support the presence of thicker cratonic lithosphere to the southeast of the basin, the lithospheric thickness is not well resolved and models show variations ranging from ~80 to 150 km in this region. Similarly variable is the conductivity of the mantle beneath the basin and immediately beneath the cratonic lithosphere to the southeast, although the conductivity is required to be elevated compared to normal lithospheric mantle. In a general sense, two classes of model are compatible with the magnetotelluric data: one with a moderately conductive mantle and one with more elevated conductivities. This latter class would be consistent with the impingement of a stringer of plume?fed melt beneath the cratonic lithosphere, with the melt migrating upslope to thermally erode lithosphere beneath the orogenic belt that is overlain by the Barotse Basin. Such processes are potentially important for intraplate volcanism and also for development or propagation of rifting as lithosphere is thinned and weakened by melt. Both models show clear evidence for thinning of the lithosphere beneath the orogenic belt, consistent with elevated heat flow data in the region.
DS201903-0514
2019
Griffin, W.L., Gain, S.E.M., Huang, J-X., Saunders, M., Shaw, J., Toledo, V., O'Reilly, S.Y.A terrestrial magmatic hibonite-grossite-vanadium assemblage: desilication and extreme reduction in a volcanic plumbing system, Mount Carmel, Israel.American Mineralogist, Vol. 104, pp. 207-219.Europe, Israelmelting

Abstract: Hibonite (CaAl12O19) is a constituent of some refractory calcium-aluminum inclusions (CAIs) in carbonaceous meteorites, commonly accompanied by grossite (CaAl4O7) and spinel. These phases are usually interpreted as having condensed, or crystallized from silicate melts, early in the evolution of the solar nebula. Both Ca-Al oxides are commonly found on Earth, but as products of high-temperature metamorphism of pelitic carbonate rocks. We report here a unique occurrence of magmatic hibonitegrossite-spinel assemblages, crystallized from Ca-Al-rich silicate melts under conditions [high-temperature, very low oxygen fugacity (fO2)] comparable to those of their meteoritic counterparts. Ejecta from Cretaceous pyroclastic deposits on Mt Carmel, N. Israel, include aggregates of hopper/skeletal Ti-rich corundum, which have trapped melts that crystallized at fO2 extending from 7 log units below the iron-wustite buffer (?IW = -7; SiC, Ti2O3, Fe-Ti silicide melts) to ?IW ? -9 (native V, TiC, and TiN). The assemblage hibonite + grossite + spinel + TiN first crystallized late in the evolution of the melt pockets; this hibonite contains percentage levels of Zr, Ti, and REE that reflect the concentration of incompatible elements in the residual melts as corundum continued to crystallize. A still later stage appears to be represented by coarse-grained (centimeter-size crystals) ejecta that show the crystallization sequence: corundum + Liq ? (low-REE) hibonite ? grossite + spinel ± krotite ? Ca4Al6F2O12 + fluorite. V0 appears as spheroidal droplets, with balls up to millimeter size and spectacular dendritic intergrowths, included in hibonite, grossite, and spinel. Texturally late V0 averages 12 wt% Al and 2 wt% Mn. Spinels contain 10-16 wt% V in V0-free samples, and <0.5 wt% V in samples with abundant V 0. Ongoing paragenetic studies suggest that the fO2 evolution of the Mt Carmel magmatic system reflects the interaction between OIB-type mafic magmas and mantle-derived CH4+H2 fluids near the crust-mantle boundary. Temperatures estimated by comparison with 1 atm phase-equilibrium studies range from ca. 1500 °C down to 1200-1150 °C. When fO2 reached ca. ?IW = -7, the immiscible segregation of Fe,Ti-silicide melts and the crystallization of SiC and TiC effectively desilicated the magma, leading to supersaturation in Al2O3 and the rapid crystallization of corundum, preceding the development of the hibonite-bearing assemblages. Reports of Ti-rich corundum and SiC from other areas of explosive volcanism suggest that these phenomena may be more widespread than presently realized, and the hibonite-grossite assemblage may serve as another indicator to track such activity. This is the first reported terrestrial occurrence of krotite (CaAl2O4), and of at least two unknown Zr-Ti oxides.
DS201904-0721
2019
Braithwaite, J., Stixrude, L.Melting of CaSiO3 perovskite at high pressure.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, 4, pp. 2037-2044.Mantlemelting

Abstract: Silicate melting is a major agent of thermal and chemical evolution of the Earth and other rocky planets. The melting temperature of Calcium silicate perovskite, a mineral that exists in Earth's lower mantle, is unknown over most of the pressure range that occurs in the mantle of Earth and super?Earth exoplanets. We use advanced quantum mechanical simulations to predict the melting temperature of this material. We find that the melting temperature increases with increasing pressure but at a rate that diminishes continuously. The liquid and crystal have very similar volumes in the deep portions of planetary mantles, supporting the view that crystals may float at great depth.
DS201904-0731
2019
Elazar, O., Frost, D., Navon, O., Kessel, R.Melting H2O and CO2 bearing eclogite at 4-6 GPa and 900-1200 C: implications for the generation of diamond forming fluids.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, in press available 47p.Mantlemelting, subduction
DS201905-1080
2019
Tang, M., Lee, C-T.A., Rudnick, R.L., Condie, K.C.Rapid mantle convection drove massive crustal thickening in the late Archean. ( excluded kimberlites)Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, in press available, 32p.Asia, Tibet, Andesmelting

Abstract: The lithospheric mantle beneath Archean cratons is conspicuously refractory and thick compared to younger continental lithosphere (Jordan, 1988, Boyd, 1989; Lee and Chin, 2014), but how such thick lithospheres formed is unclear. Using a large global geochemical database of Archean igneous crustal rocks overlying these thick cratonic roots, we show from Gd/Yb- and MnO/FeOT-SiO2 trends that crustal differentiation required continuous garnet fractionation. Today, these signatures are only found where crust is anomalously thick (60-70?km), as in the Northern and Central Andes and Southern Tibet. The widespread garnet signature in Archean igneous suites suggests that thickening occurred not only in the lithospheric mantle but also in the crust during continent formation in the late Archean. Building thick crust requires tectonic thickening or magmatic inflation rates that can compete against gravitational collapse through lower crustal flow, which would have been enhanced in the Archean when geotherms were hotter and crustal rocks weaker. We propose that Archean crust and mantle lithosphere formed by thickening over mantle downwelling sites with minimum strain rates on the order of 10?13-10?12 s?1, requiring mantle flow rates associated with late Archean crust formation to be 10-100 times faster than today.
DS201907-1553
2019
Jing, J-J., Su, B-X., Xiao, Y., Zhang, H-F., Uysal, I., Chen, C., Lin, W., Chu, Y., Saka, S.Reactive origin of mantle harzburgite: evidence from orthopyroxene-spinel association.Lithos, Vol. 342-343, pp. 175-186.Europe, Turkeymelting

Abstract: Harzburgites with high modal orthopyroxene (generally >23?vol%) in Archean craton, mantle wedge and oceanic lithospheric mantle are considered to be produced by the interaction between Si-rich liquids and rocks. However, the absence of samples from continental margin hinders the recognition whether this process is prevalent. Mantle xenoliths entrained in Miocene basalts from the Thrace Basin, the margin of Eurasian continent, are dominated by harzburgites with anomalously high orthopyroxene modes. These orthopyroxene grains closely associate with spinel and occasionally with clinopyroxene. In these orthopyroxene-spinel associations, orthopyroxene grains can be up to 1?cm in diameter and display high Al2O3 contents (1.41-4.61?wt%) and Mg# values (89.6-92.4), while spinel crystals are anhedral and bud-shaped and are commonly foliated, with a wide variation in Cr# values ranging from 7.8 to 52.7. The Fe2+/Fe3+ vs. TiO2 diagram shows lots of these spinels are “magmatic” (i.e. spinel crystallized from melts). The orthopyroxene grains have LREE diverging from the modelled melting trends, indicating possible metasomatism following partial melting. They are present in elongated shape, cutting across olivine grains and also replacing olivine as surrounding rims. Fine-grained olivine is occasionally enclosed in the orthopyroxene-spinel association. We, therefore, propose that the association of orthopyroxene and spinel developed from the melt/fluid-rock interaction. These features indicate mineral phase transformation from olivine to orthopyroxene, which can be expressed by the equation: ‘Mg2SiO4 (Ol)?+?SiO2?=?Mg2Si2O6 (Opx)’. The observed Al-rich rim of spinel and bud-shaped Al-spinel, suggest sufficient amount of Al in the Si-rich liquids. The mechanism involved here is the consumption of olivine to produce orthopyroxene and spinel as in the equation: ‘Mg2SiO4 (Ol)?+?Al2O3?=?MgSiO3 (Opx)?+?MgAl2O4 (Sp)’. The Si and Al were enriched in the percolating liquids. Both the high-Cr# and low-Cr# spinels with ‘magmatic’ features imply the percolating liquids were multi-staged or inhomogeneous Cr contents in the liquids. This melt/fluid-rock interaction may account for the formation of abundant harzburgites with high orthopyroxene modes in the Eurasian continental margin. Thus, it indicates the reacting harzburgites are prevalent in the lithospheric mantle beneath oceanic crust, Archean craton and mantle wedge, as well as in the continental margin.
DS201908-1822
2019
Wang, J., Xion, X., Takahashi, E., Zhang, L., Li, L., Liu, X.Oxidation state of arc mantle revealed by partitioning of V, Sc, Ti between mantle minerals and basaltic melts.Journal of Geophysical Research , Vol. 124, 5, pp. 4617-4638.Mantlemelting

Abstract: The oxidation state of the Earth`s mantle, often expressed as oxygen fugacity (fO2), could control the behavior of multivalent elements and thus exert a significant influence on the formation of magmatic ore deposits and the secular evolution of Earth`s atmosphere. Whether arc mantle is more oxidized than oceanic mantle remains a controversial topic. As a multivalent element, partitioning behavior of vanadium is fO2 sensitive and is capable of tracking mantle redox state. However, except fO2, other factors (temperature, pressure, and phase composition) that may affect vanadium partitioning behavior have not been clearly evaluated. Here we conducted high temperature and pressure experiments to determine partition coefficients of vanadium during mantle melting under various fO2 conditions. Combining our and published data, we evaluated the effects of fO2, T, P, and compositions of mineral and melt on the vanadium partitioning using multiple linear regressions. The results indicate that, in addition to fO2, temperature exerts a significant control on the vanadium partitioning. Additionally, we estimated fO2 of the arc mantle via numerical modelling using appropriate partition coefficients for vanadium. Our results clarify and reconcile the discrepancies between previous studies and reveal that arc mantle is generally ~10 times more oxidized than oceanic mantle.
DS201909-2016
2019
Ashchepkov, I., Ivanov, A.S., Kostrovitsky, S.I., Vavilov, M.A., Vladykin, N., Babushkina, S.A., Tychkov, N.S., Medvedev, N.S.Mantle terranes of the Siberian craton: their interaction with plume melts based on thermobarometry and geochemistry of mantle xenocrysts.Solid Earth, Vol. 10, 2, pp. 197-245.Russia, Siberiamelting

Abstract: Variations of the structure and composition of mantle terranes in the terminology of the Siberian craton were studied using database (>60000) EPMA of kimberlite xenocrysts from the pipes of Yakutian kimberlite province (YKP) by a team of investigators from IGM, IGH, IEC and IGBM SB RAS and ALROSA company. The monomineral thermobarometry (Ashchepkov et al., 2010, 2014, 2017) Geochemistry of minerals obtained LA ICP MS was used to determine the protolith, melting degree, Type of the metasomatism . The mantle stratification commonly was formed by 6-7 paleosubduction slabs, separated by pyroxenite, eclogite, and metasomatic horizons and dunite lenses beneath kemberltes . We built mantle sections across the kimberlite field and transects of craton. Within the established tectonic terrains strengthening to thousands km (Gladkochub et al, 2006), the collage of microplates was determined at the mantle level. Under the shields of Anabar and Aldan lower SCLM consist of 3 -4 dunites dunites with Gar-Px-Ilm- Phl nests. Terranes framing protocratons like suture Khapchanskyare are saturated in eclogites and pyroxenites, sometimes dominated probably represent the ascending bodies of igneous eclogites intruding mantle lithosphere (ML). The ubiquitous pyroxenite layer at the level of 3.5-4.5 GPa originated in the early Archaean when melted eclogites stoped stoped subdction. Beneath the Early Archaean granite-greenstone terranes - Tunguskaya, Markhinskaya, Birektinskaya, Shary-Zhalgaiskaya (age to~3.8-3.0 GA) (Gladkochub et al., 2018) the SCLM is less depleted and often metasomatized having flat structures in some subterrains. Daldyn and Magan granulite-orthogneisic terranes have a layered and folded ML seen in N-S sections from Udachnaya to Krasnopresnenskaya less pronounced in latitudinal direction. From Daldyn to Alakit field increases the degree of Phl metasomatism and Cpx alkalinity. The most productive Aykhal and Yubleynaya pipes confined to the dunite core. Within the Magan terrane, the thin-layered SCLM have depleted base horizon. Granite-greenstone Markha terrane contains pelitic eclogites. Central and Northern craton parts show slight inclination of paleoslabs to West. The formation of SCLM in Hadean accompanied by submelting (Perchuk et al., 2018, Gerya, 2014.) had no deep roots. Ultrafine craton nuclei like Anabar shield was framed by steeper slab. During 3.8-3.0 GA craton keel growth in superplume periods (Condie, 2004) when melted eclogites and peridotites acquiring buoyancy of the sinking plate melted. For peridotites, the melting lines calculated from the experimental data (Herzberg, 2004) mainly lie near 5-6 GPA (Ionov et al., 2010; 2015). In classical works all geotherms are conductive (Boyd, 1973), but this is quite rare. The garnet pyroxene geotherms for (Ashchepkov et al., 2017) calculated with most reliable methods (Nimis, Taylor, 2000; McGregor , 1974; Brey Kohler, Nickel Green, 1985; Ashchepkov et al., 2010; 2017) give are sub-adiabatic and are formed during the melt percolation superplume vent often in presence of volatiles (Wyllie, Ryabchikov, 2000) and therefore, after superplumes trends P-Fe# of garnet are smoothed and change the tilts.
DS201909-2083
2019
Selway, K., O'Donnell, J.P., Ozaydin, S.Upper mantle melt distribution from petrologically constrained magnetotellurics.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Vol. 20, 7, pp. 3328-3346.Mantlemelting

Abstract: Plate tectonics occurs because the strong tectonic plates sit on underlying weaker and softer mantle that flows over geological timescales. We do not fully understand why this deeper mantle is weak—the two main contenders are that a small part of it is molten or that it contains nominal amounts of the element hydrogen. The electrical conductivity of the mantle is increased both by the presence of molten rock and by hydrogen, so when we interpret conductivity data, it is difficult to distinguish between these two interpretations. We have written a new code to help this. It analyzes whether the conductivity of the mantle could only be explained by the presence of molten rock, whether it could only be explained by large hydrogen contents, or whether it could be explained by either. Our results show that the distribution of partially molten rock is very uneven: Most lies beneath hot spot volcanic islands, while there is no need for molten rock to be present beneath old continents or old parts of the ocean. Beneath young parts of the ocean, the electrical conductivities could be explained by either a small amount of molten rock or by large hydrogen contents.
DS201909-2097
2019
Thorne, M.S., Takeuchi, N. , Shiomi, K.Melting at the edge of a slab in the deepest mantle.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, 14, pp. 8000-8008.Mantlemelting

Abstract: We use a set of seismic observations recorded globally to investigate the lower mantle beneath Central America. The deepest mantle in this region has been associated with the final resting place of subducted slab material from subduction that initiated approximately 200 million years ago. This ancient subducted material is associated with high seismic wave speeds in the lowermost mantle just above the core?mantle boundary. We find that patches of highly reduced seismic wave speeds, referred to as ultralow?velocity zones (ULVZs), appear to be associated with the border of the high wave speed region, along the border of the subducted slab material. These ULVZ patches are consistent with being regions of partial melt. A possible scenario for their creation is that mid?ocean ridge basalt (MORB), comprising the crust of the subducted slab material, has a low melting point at conditions in the deep earth and may be melting as the slabs reach the bottom of the mantle. Previous experimental work has suggested that MORB will likely partially melt in the deep mantle, yet little evidence for the existence of MORB partial melt has previously been found.
DS201910-2255
2019
Du, Z., Deng, J., Miyazaki, Y., Mao, H-k., Karki, B.B., Lee, K.K.M.Fate of hydrous Fe-silicate melt in Earth's deep mantle.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, doi.org/ 10.1029/ 2019GL083633Mantlemelting

Abstract: Planetary?scale melting is ubiquitous after energetic impacts early in Earth's history. Therefore, determining key melt properties, such as density, is of great significance to better understand Earth's formation and subsequent evolution. In this study, we performed state?of?art first?principles molecular dynamics simulations to examine the density of deep mantle melts, namely, hydrous Fe?rich silicate melts. We find that such hydrous melts can be gravitationally stable near Earth's core?mantle boundary given their likely high iron content. This has great implications for Earth's thermochemical evolution, as well as Earth's volatile cycle.
DS201910-2308
2019
Woodhead, J., Hergt, J., Giuliani, A., Maas, R., Philips, D., Pearson, D.G., Nowell, G.Kimberlites reveal 2.5-nillion year evolution of a deep, isolated mantle reservoir.Nature, Vol. 573, pp. 578-581.Mantlemelting

Abstract: The widely accepted paradigm of Earth's geochemical evolution states that the successive extraction of melts from the mantle over the past 4.5 billion years formed the continental crust, and produced at least one complementary melt-depleted reservoir that is now recognized as the upper-mantle source of mid-ocean-ridge basalts1. However, geochemical modelling and the occurrence of high 3He/4He (that is, primordial) signatures in some volcanic rocks suggest that volumes of relatively undifferentiated mantle may reside in deeper, isolated regions2. Some basalts from large igneous provinces may provide temporally restricted glimpses of the most primitive parts of the mantle3,4, but key questions regarding the longevity of such sources on planetary timescales—and whether any survive today—remain unresolved. Kimberlites, small-volume volcanic rocks that are the source of most diamonds, offer rare insights into aspects of the composition of the Earth’s deep mantle. The radiogenic isotope ratios of kimberlites of different ages enable us to map the evolution of this domain through time. Here we show that globally distributed kimberlites originate from a single homogeneous reservoir with an isotopic composition that is indicative of a uniform and pristine mantle source, which evolved in isolation over at least 2.5 billion years of Earth history—to our knowledge, the only such reservoir that has been identified to date. Around 200 million years ago, extensive volumes of the same source were perturbed, probably as a result of contamination by exogenic material. The distribution of affected kimberlites suggests that this event may be related to subduction along the margin of the Pangaea supercontinent. These results reveal a long-lived and globally extensive mantle reservoir that underwent subsequent disruption, possibly heralding a marked change to large-scale mantle-mixing regimes. These processes may explain why uncontaminated primordial mantle is so difficult to identify in recent mantle-derived melts.
DS201911-2529
2019
Grove, T.L., Till, C.B.H2O rich mantle melting near the slab-wedge interface.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 174, 22p. PdfMantlesubduction, melting

Abstract: To investigate the first melts of the mantle wedge in subduction zones and their relationship to primitive magmas erupted at arcs, the compositions of low degree melts of hydrous garnet lherzolite have been experimentally determined at 3.2 GPa over the temperature range of 925-1150 °C. Two starting compositions with variable H2O contents were studied; a subduction-enriched peridotite containing 0.61% Na2O, 0.16 K2O% (wt%) with 4.2 wt% H2O added (Mitchell and Grove in Contrib Mineral Petrol 170:13, 2015) and an undepleted mantle peridotite (Hart and Zindler in Chem Geol 57:247-267, 1986) with 14.5% H2O added (Till et al. in Contrib Mineral Petrol 163:669-688, 2012). Saturating phases include olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, garnet and rutile. Melting extent is tracked from near solidus (~?5 wt%) to 25 wt%, which is close to or beyond the point where clinopyroxene and garnet are exhausted. The beginning of melting is a peritectic reaction where 0.54 orthopyroxene?+?0.17 clinopyroxene?+?0.13 garnet react to produce 1.0 liquid?+?0.88 olivine. The melt production rate near the solidus is 0.1 wt% °C?1 and increases to 0.3 wt% °C?1 over the experimentally studied interval. These values are significantly lower than that observed for anhydrous lherzolite (~?1 wt% °C?1). When melting through this reaction is calculated for a metasomatized lherzolite source, the rare earth element characteristics of the melt are similar to melts of an eclogite, as well as those observed in many subduction zone magmas. Moreover, since rutile is stable up to?~?8 wt% melting, the first melts of a hydrous lherzolite source could also show strong high field strength element depletions as is observed in many subduction zone lavas. The silicate melts measured at the lowest temperatures and melting extents (
DS201912-2803
2019
Marty, B., Bekaert, D.V., Broadley, Jaupart, C.Geochemical evidence for high volatile fluxes from the mantle at the end of the Archean. (water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and halogens)Nature, Vol. 575, pp. 485-488.Mantlemelting, convection

Abstract: The exchange of volatile species—water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and halogens—between the mantle and the surface of the Earth has been a key driver of environmental changes throughout Earth’s history. Degassing of the mantle requires partial melting and is therefore linked to mantle convection, whose regime and vigour in the Earth’s distant past remain poorly constrained1,2. Here we present direct geochemical constraints on the flux of volatiles from the mantle. Atmospheric xenon has a monoisotopic excess of 129Xe, produced by the decay of extinct 129I. This excess was mainly acquired during Earth’s formation and early evolution3, but mantle degassing has also contributed 129Xe to the atmosphere through geological time. Atmospheric xenon trapped in samples from the Archaean eon shows a slight depletion of 129Xe relative to the modern composition4,5, which tends to disappear in more recent samples5,6. To reconcile this deficit in the Archaean atmosphere by mantle degassing would require the degassing rate of Earth at the end of the Archaean to be at least one order of magnitude higher than today. We demonstrate that such an intense activity could not have occurred within a plate tectonics regime. The most likely scenario is a relatively short (about 300 million years) burst of mantle activity at the end of the Archaean (around 2.5 billion years ago). This lends credence to models advocating a magmatic origin for drastic environmental changes during the Neoarchaean era, such as the Great Oxidation Event.
DS201912-2808
2019
Oka, K., Hirose, K., Tagawa, S., Kidokoro, Y., Nakajima, Y., Kuwayama, Y., Morard, G., Coudurier, N., Fiquet, G.Melting in the Fe-FeO system to 204 GPa: implications for oxygen in Earth's core.American Mineralogist, Vol. 104, pp. 1603-1607.Mantlemelting

Abstract: We performed melting experiments on Fe-O alloys up to 204 GPa and 3500 K in a diamond-anvil cell (DAC) and determined the liquidus phase relations in the Fe-FeO system based on textural and chemical characterizations of recovered samples. Liquid-liquid immiscibility was observed up to 29 GPa. Oxygen concentration in eutectic liquid increased from >8 wt% O at 44 GPa to 13 wt% at 204 GPa and is extrapolated to be about 15 wt% at the inner core boundary (ICB) conditions. These results support O-rich liquid core, although oxygen cannot be a single core light element. We estimated the range of possible liquid core compositions in Fe-O-Si-C-S and found that the upper bounds for silicon and carbon concentrations are constrained by the crystallization of dense inner core at the ICB.
DS201912-2824
2019
Shimizu, K., Saal, A.E., Hauri, E.H., Perfit, M.R., Hekinian, R.Evaluating the roles of melt rock interaction and partial degassing on the CO2/Ba ratios of MORB: implications of the CO2 budget in the Earth's depleted upper mantle.Geocimica et Cosmochimica Acta , Vol. 260, pp. 29-48.Mantlemelting

Abstract: Carbon content in the Earth's depleted upper mantle has been estimated in previous studies using CO2/Ba ratios of CO2 undersaturated depleted mid-ocean ridge basalt (D-MORB) glasses and melt inclusions. However, CO2/Ba ratios in CO2 undersaturated MORB may not necessarily record those of the mantle source, as they may be affected by (1) assimilation of Ba-rich plagioclase-bearing rocks in the oceanic crust and (2) CO2 degassing through partial degassing and mixing. In this study, we evaluate these effects on the CO2/Ba ratios as well as other volatile to refractory trace element ratios (H2O/Ce, F/Nd, Cl/K, and S/Dy) in D-MORBs using the compositions of olivine-hosted melt inclusions and glasses from the Siqueiros and Garrett transform faults. The Siqueiros and Garrett melt inclusions are CO2 undersaturated and highly depleted in incompatible trace elements, and their average CO2/Ba ratios show relatively large ranges of 90?±?34 and 144?±?53 respectively. A subset of melt inclusions in lavas from both transform faults show potential signatures of contamination by plagioclase-rich rocks, such as correlations between major elements contents (e.g., FeO, Al2O3, and MgO), and trace element ratios (e.g., Sr/Nd). We find that (1) assimilation fractional crystallization (AFC) of gabbro into D-MORB and (2) mixing between partial melts of gabbro and D-MORB can reproduce the observed range in Sr/Nd ratios as well as the general trends between major elements. However, we find that these processes had limited effects on the CO2/Ba ratio of the melt inclusions and it is unlikely that they can account for the observed range in the CO2/Ba ratio. On the other hand, while a partial degassing and mixing model can generate melts with large range of CO2/Ba ratios (as proposed by Matthews et al. (2017)), it cannot reproduce the Pearson correlation coefficients between CO2/trace element and 1/trace element ratios observed in the Siqueiros and Garrett melt inclusions. Instead, when analytical uncertainties on the elemental concentrations are considered, a model without partial degassing can adequately reproduce the majority of the observed range in CO2/Ba ratio and Pearson correlation coefficients. Hence, we postulate that the Siqueiros and Garrett melt inclusions are undegassed and use their average CO2/Ba ratios to estimate the Siqueiros and Garrett mantle source CO2 contents (21?±?2?ppm and 33?±?6?ppm respectively). We also evaluate the effects of shallow level crustal processes on H2O/Ce, F/Nd, Cl/K, and S/Dy ratios, and after which we filter those effects, we estimate the H2O, F, Cl and S contents in the mantle sources of the Siqueiros (40?±?8?ppm, 8?±?1?ppm, 0.22?±?0.04?ppm, and 113?±?3?ppm) and Garrett (51?±?9?ppm, 6?±?1?ppm, 0.27?±?0.07?ppm, and 128?±?7?ppm) melt inclusions.
DS202001-0020
2020
Ionov, D.A., Guo, P., Nelson, W.R., Shirey, S.B., Willbold, M.Paleoproterozoic melt depleted lithospheric mantle in the Khanka block, far eastern Russia: inferences for mobile belts bordering the North China and Siberian cratons.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 270, pp. 95-111.China, Russiametasomatism, melting

Abstract: The eastern part of Asia between the North China and Siberian cratons contains orogenic belts formed by the Paleo-Asian and Pacific subduction and older continental blocks. A fundamental question regarding these and all mobile belts is the fate of the continental lithospheric mantle (CLM) during their formation, i.e. whether, or to what extent the CLM may be formed, replaced or affected during orogeny. Insights into these processes can be obtained from mantle xenoliths hosted by Cenozoic basalts in the Proterozoic Khanka block in the far eastern Russia between NE China and the Pacific coast of Asia. We report petrographic, chemical, and Os-Sr-Nd isotope data for spinel peridotite xenoliths at two Khanka sites: Sviyagin and Podgelban. The modal abundances and chemical compositions suggest that the peridotites are residues of low to moderate degrees of melt extraction from fertile mantle. They show an 187Os/188Os vs. 187Re/188Os correlation with an apparent 1.9?Ga age; the 187Os/188Os ratios are positively correlated with Al2O3 and other melt extraction indices. These results provide the first robust CLM age constraints for the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The ages suggest that the ancient CLM of the Khanka block may be roughly coeval with reworked CLM at Hannuoba (North China craton), and that it persisted through the Phanerozoic orogenies. Moreover, despite the proximity to Phanerozoic subduction zones, the Khanka CLM shows little post-melting enrichment, e.g. the clinopyroxenes are typically LREE-depleted and have Sr-Nd isotope ratios typical of the MORB mantle. We posit that the metasomatism of the CLM, earlier proposed for North China xenolith suites and ascribed to the effects of Pacific or older subduction and related mantle upwelling, may not be widespread in the CAOB. In general, Proterozoic blocks composed of residual peridotites may be more common in the CLM of the SE Siberia and northern China, and possibly other orogenic belts, than previously thought.
DS202001-0022
2019
Jones, T.J., Reynolds, C.D., Boothroyd, S.C.Fluid dynamic induced break-up during volcanic eruptions. ( mentions kimberlite and carbonatite)Nature Communications, doi.org/10.1038/ s41467-019-11750-4 7p. pdf Mantlemelting

Abstract: Determining whether magma fragments during eruption remains a seminal challenge in volcanology. There is a robust paradigm for fragmentation of high viscosity, silicic magmas, however little is known about the fragmentation behaviour of lower viscosity systems—the most abundant form of volcanism on Earth and on other planetary bodies and satellites. Here we provide a quantitative model, based on experiments, for the non-brittle, fluid dynamic induced fragmentation of low viscosity melts. We define the conditions under which extensional thinning or liquid break-up can be expected. We show that break-up, both in our experiments and natural eruptions, occurs by both viscous and capillary instabilities operating on contrasting timescales. These timescales are used to produce a universal break-up criterion valid for low viscosity melts such as basalt, kimberlite and carbonatite. Lastly, we relate these break-up instabilities to changes in eruptive behaviour, the associated natural hazard and ultimately the deposits formed.
DS202001-0040
2019
Smithies, R.H., Lu, Y., Johnson, T.E., Kirkland, C.L., Cassidy, K.F., Champion, D.C., Mole, D.R., Zibra, I., Gessner, K., Sapkota, J., De Paoli, M.C., Poujol, M.No evidence for high pressure melting of Earth's crust in the Archean.Nature Communicatons, Vol. 10, 555912p. PdfAustraliamelting

Abstract: Much of the present-day volume of Earth’s continental crust had formed by the end of the Archean Eon, 2.5 billion years ago, through the conversion of basaltic (mafic) crust into sodic granite of tonalite, trondhjemite and granodiorite (TTG) composition. Distinctive chemical signatures in a small proportion of these rocks, the so-called high-pressure TTG, are interpreted to indicate partial melting of hydrated crust at pressures above 1.5?GPa (>50?km depth), pressures typically not reached in post-Archean continental crust. These interpretations significantly influence views on early crustal evolution and the onset of plate tectonics. Here we show that high-pressure TTG did not form through melting of crust, but through fractionation of melts derived from metasomatically enriched lithospheric mantle. Although the remaining, and dominant, group of Archean TTG did form through melting of hydrated mafic crust, there is no evidence that this occurred at depths significantly greater than the ~40?km average thickness of modern continental crust.
DS202001-0050
2020
Yaxley, G.M., Ghosh, S., Kiseeva, E.S., Mallick, A., Spandler, C., Thomson, A.R., Walter, M.J.Co2 rich melts in the earth.IN: Deep Carbon: past to present. Editors Orcutt, Danielle, Dasgupta, pp. 129-162.Mantlemelting

Abstract: This chapter reviews the systematics of partial melting of mantle lithologies - like peridotite and eclogite - in the presence of carbon dioxide. It discusses the composition of mantle-derived magmas generated in the presence of carbon dioxide and whether magmas erupted on Earth’s surface resemble carbonated magmas from the mantle. It reviews how the production of carbon dioxide-rich magma in the mantle varies as a function of tectonic settings - beneath continents and oceans and in subduction zones - and time.
DS202002-0161
2019
Aulbach, S., Woodland, A.B., Stern, R.A., Vasilyev, P., Heaman, L.M., Viljoen, K.S.Evidence for a dominantly reducing Archaean ambient mantle from two redox proxies, and low oxygen fugacity of deeply subducted oceanic crust.Nature Research Scientific Reports, https://doi.org/10.1038/ s41598-019-55743-1 11p. PdfMantlemelting, redox

Abstract: Privacy Policy. You can manage your preferences in 'Manage Cookies'. Oxygen fugacity (fO2) is an intensive variable implicated in a range of processes that have shaped the Earth system, but there is controversy on the timing and rate of oxidation of the uppermost convecting mantle to its present fO2 around the fayalite-magnetite-quartz oxygen buffer. Here, we report Fe3+/?Fe and ƒf2 for ancient eclogite xenoliths with oceanic crustal protoliths that sampled the coeval ambient convecting mantle. Using new and published data, we demonstrate that in these eclogites, two redox proxies, V/Sc and Fe3+/?Fe, behave sympathetically, despite different responses of their protoliths to differentiation and post-formation degassing, seawater alteration, devolatilisation and partial melting, testifying to an unexpected robustness of Fe3+/?Fe. Therefore, these processes, while causing significant scatter, did not completely obliterate the underlying convecting mantle signal. Considering only unmetasomatised samples with non-cumulate and little-differentiated protoliths, V/Sc and Fe3+/?Fe in two Archaean eclogite suites are significantly lower than those of modern mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB), while a third suite has ratios similar to modern MORB, indicating redox heterogeneity. Another major finding is the predominantly low though variable estimated fO2 of eclogite at mantle depths, which does not permit stabilisation of CO2-dominated fluids or pure carbonatite melts. Conversely, low-fO2 eclogite may have caused efficient reduction of CO2 in fluids and melts generated in other portions of ancient subducting slabs, consistent with eclogitic diamond formation ages, the disproportionate frequency of eclogitic diamonds relative to the subordinate abundance of eclogite in the mantle lithosphere and the general absence of carbonate in mantle eclogite. This indicates carbon recycling at least to depths of diamond stability and may have represented a significant pathway for carbon ingassing through time.
DS202006-0912
2020
Bodnar, R.J., Frezzotti, M.L.Microscale chemistry: raman analysis of fluid and melt inclusions.Elements, Vol. 16, pp. 93-98.Mantlemelt inclusions

Abstract: Raman spectroscopy is a commonly applied nondestructive analytical technique for characterizing fluid and melt inclusions. The exceptional spatial resolution (~1 µm) and excellent spectral resolution (?1 cm?1) permits the characterization of micrometer-scale phases and allows quantitative analyses based on Raman spectral features. Data provided by Raman analysis of fluid and melt inclusions has significantly advanced our understanding of complex geologic processes, including preeruptive volatile contents of magmas, the nature of fluids in the deep crust and upper mantle, the generation and evolution of methane-bearing fluids in unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. Anticipated future advances include the development of Raman mass spectroscopy and the use of Raman to monitor reaction progress in synthetic and natural fluid inclusion microreactors.
DS202007-1138
2020
El Dien, H.G., Doucet, L.S., Murphy, J.B., Li, Z-X.Geochemical evidence for a widespread mantle re-enrichment 3.2 billion years ago: implications for global-scale plate tectonics.Scientific Reports, Vol. 10, 9461 8 pdfMantlemelting

Abstract: Progressive mantle melting during the Earth’s earliest evolution led to the formation of a depleted mantle and a continental crust enriched in highly incompatible elements. Re-enrichment of Earth’s mantle can occur when continental crustal materials begin to founder into the mantle by either subduction or, to a lesser degree, by delamination processes, profoundly affecting the mantle’s trace element and volatile compositions. Deciphering when mantle re-enrichment/refertilization became a global-scale process would reveal the onset of efficient mass transfer of crust to the mantle and potentially when plate tectonic processes became operative on a global-scale. Here we document the onset of mantle re-enrichment/refertilization by comparing the abundances of petrogenetically significant isotopic values and key ratios of highly incompatible elements compared to lithophile elements in Archean to Early-Proterozoic mantle-derived melts (i.e., basalts and komatiites). Basalts and komatiites both record a rapid-change in mantle chemistry around 3.2 billion years ago (Ga) signifying a fundamental change in Earth geodynamics. This rapid-change is recorded in Nd isotopes and in key trace element ratios that reflect a fundamental shift in the balance between fluid-mobile and incompatible elements (i.e., Ba/La, Ba/Nb, U/Nb, Pb/Nd and Pb/Ce) in basaltic and komatiitic rocks. These geochemical proxies display a significant increase in magnitude and variability after ~3.2 Ga. We hypothesize that rapid increases in mantle heterogeneity indicate the recycling of supracrustal materials back into Earth’s mantle via subduction. Our new observations thus point to a???3.2 Ga onset of global subduction processes via plate tectonics.
DS202007-1142
2020
Giuliani, A., Pearson, D.G., Soltys, A., Dalton, H., Phillips, D., Foley, S.F., Lim, E.Kimberlite genesis from a common primary melt modified by lithospheric mantle assimilation.Science Advances, Vol. 6, eeaz0424Mantlemelting

Abstract: Quantifying the compositional evolution of mantle-derived melts from source to surface is fundamental for constraining the nature of primary melts and deep Earth composition. Despite abundant evidence for interaction between carbonate-rich melts, including diamondiferous kimberlites, and mantle wall rocks en route to surface, the effects of this interaction on melt compositions are poorly constrained. Here, we demonstrate a robust linear correlation between the Mg/Si ratios of kimberlites and their entrained mantle components and between Mg/Fe ratios of mantle-derived olivine cores and magmatic olivine rims in kimberlites worldwide. Combined with numerical modeling, these findings indicate that kimberlite melts with highly variable composition were broadly similar before lithosphere assimilation. This implies that kimberlites worldwide originated by partial melting of compositionally similar convective mantle sources under comparable physical conditions. We conclude that mantle assimilation markedly alters the major element composition of carbonate-rich melts and is a major process in the evolution of mantle-derived magmas.
DS202007-1166
2020
Newcombe, M.E., Plank, T., Barth, A., Asimov, P.D., Hauri, E.Water in olivine magma ascent chronology: every crystal is a clock.Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Vol. 398, 106872 17p. PdfUnited States, Hawaiimelting

Abstract: The syneruptive decompression rate of basaltic magma in volcanic conduits is thought to be a critical control on eruptive vigor. Recent efforts have constrained decompression rates using models of diffusive water loss from melt embayments (Lloyd et al. 2014; Ferguson et al. 2016), olivine-hosted melt inclusions (Chen et al. 2013; Le Voyer et al. 2014), and clinopyroxene phenocrysts (Lloyd et al. 2016). However, these techniques are difficult to apply because of the rarity of melt embayments and clinopyroxene phenocrysts suitable for analysis and the complexities associated with modeling water loss from melt inclusions. We are developing a new magma ascent chronometer based on syneruptive diffusive water loss from olivine phenocrysts. We have found water zonation in every olivine phenocryst we have measured, from explosive eruptions of Pavlof, Seguam, Fuego, Cerro Negro and Kilauea volcanoes. Phenocrysts were polished to expose a central plane normal to the crystallographic `b' axis and volatile concentration profiles were measured along `a' and `c' axes by SIMS or nanoSIMS. Profiles are compared to 1D and 3D finite-element models of diffusive water loss from olivine, with or without melt inclusions, whose boundaries are in equilibrium with a melt undergoing closed-system degassing. In every case, we observe faster water diffusion along the `a' axis, consistent with the diffusion anisotropy observed by Kohlstedt and Mackwell (1998) for the so-called `proton-polaron' mechanism of H-transport. Water concentration gradients along `a' match the 1D diffusion model with a diffusivity of 10-10 m2/s (see Plank et al., this meeting), olivine-melt partition coefficient of 0.0007­-0.002 (based on melt inclusion-olivine pairs), and decompression rates equal to the best-fit values from melt embayment studies (Lloyd et al. 2014; Ferguson et al. 2016). Agreement between the melt embayment and water-in-olivine ascent chronometers at Fuego, Seguam, and Kilauea Iki demonstrates the potential of this new technique, which can be applied to any olivine-bearing mafic-intermediate eruption using common analytical tools (SIMS and FTIR). In theory, each crystal is a clock, with the potential to record variable ascent in the conduit, over the course of an eruption, and between eruptions.
DS202009-1659
2020
Shatskiy, A., Arefiev, A.V.,Podborodnikov, I.V., Litasov, K.D.Liquid immiscibility and phase relations in the system KAlSi0308-CaMg ( CO3)2+- NaAiSi2O6+- Na2CO3 at Gpa: implications for diamond forming melts.Chemical Geology, Vol. 550, 17p. PdfMantlemelting

Abstract: To evaluate the effect of Na on the carbonate-silicate liquid immiscibility in the diamond stability field, we performed experiments along some specific joins of the system KAlSi3O8-CaMg(CO3)2 ± NaAlSi2O6 ± Na2CO3 at 6 GPa. Melting in all studied joins begins at 1000-1050 °C. The melting in the Kfs + Dol system is controlled by the reaction 6 KAlSi3O8 (K-feldspar) + 6 CaMg(CO3)2 (dolomite) = 2 (Can,Mg1-n)3Al2Si3O12 (garnet) + Al2SiO5 (kyanite) + 11 SiO2 (coesite) + 3 K2(Ca1-n,Mgn)2(CO3)3 (carbonatitic melt) + 3 CO2 (fluid), where n ~ 0.3-0.4. A temperature increasing to 1300 °C yields an appearance of the silicic immiscible melt in addition to carbonatitic melt via the reaction K2CO3 (carbonatitic melt) + Al2SiO5 (kyanite) + 5 SiO2 (coesite) = 2 KAlSi3O8 (silicic melt) + CO2 (fluid or solute in melts). The silicic melt composition is close to KAlSi3O8 with dissolved CaMg(CO3)2 and molecular CO2. An addition of NaAlSi2O6 or Na2CO3 to the system results in partial decomposition of K-feldspar and formation of K-bearing carbonates, (K, Na)2Mg(CO3)2 and (K, Na)2Ca3(CO3)4. Their melting produces carbonatite melt with the approximate composition of 4(K, Na)2CO3•6Ca0.6Mg0.4CO3 and magnesite. Besides, the presence of NaAlSi2O6 in the studied system shifts the lower-temperature limit of immiscibility to 1500°?, while the presence of Na2CO3 eliminates the appearance of silicic melt by the following reaction: 2 KAlSi3O8 (in the silicic melt) + Na2CO3 = 2 NaAlSi2O6 (in clinopyroxene) + K2CO3 (in the carbonatitic melt) + SiO2 (coesite). Thus, an increase of the Na2O content in the system Na2O-K2O-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-CO2 consumes Al2O3 and SiO2 from silicic melt to form clinopyroxene. We found that grossular-pyrope and diopside-jadeite solid solutions can coexist with CO2 fluid at 900-1500 °C and 6 GPa. Thus, CO2 fluid is stable in the eclogitic suite in the diamond stability field under temperature conditions of the continental lithosphere and subducting slabs. Variations in the Na2O content observed in carbonatitic melts trapped by natural in diamonds exceed those derived by the pelite melting. The present experiments show that an addition of NaAlSi2O6 to the Kfs + Dol system does not cause an increase of the Na2O content in the carbonatitic melt, whereas the addition of Na2CO3 at Na2O/Al2O3 > 1 yields the formation of the melts with the Na2O contents covering the entire range of natural compositions. Thus, only the presence of additional salt components can explain the elevated Na2O content in the melts trapped in lithospheric diamonds. In addition to carbonates, sodium can be hosted by chlorides, sulfates, etc.
DS202010-1843
2020
Erofeeva, K.G., Samsonov, A.V., Stepanova, A.V., Larionova, Yu.O., Dubinina, E.O., Egorova, S.V., Arzamastesev, A.A., Kovalchuk, E.V., Abramova, V.D.Olivine and clinopyroxene phenocrysts as a proxy for the origin and crustal evolution of primary mantle melts: a case study of 2.40 Ga mafic sills in the Kola-Norwegian Terrane, northern Fennoscandia.Petrology, Vol. 28, 4, pp. 338-356. pdfEurope, Norway, Kola Peninsulamelting

Abstract: New petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic (Sr, Nd, and ?18?) data on olivine and pyroxene phenocrysts provide constraints on the composition and crustal evolution of primary melts of Paleoproterozoic (2.40 Ga) picrodoleritic sills in the northwest Kola province, Fennoscandian Shield. The picrodolerites form differentiated sills with S-shaped compositional profiles. Their chilled margins comprise porphyritic picrodolerite (upper margin) and olivine gabbronorite (bottom) with olivine and clinopyroxene phenocrysts. Analysis of the available data allows us to recognize three main stages in the crystallization of mineral assemblages. The central parts of large (up to 2 mm) olivine phenocrysts (Ol-1-C) crystallized at the early stage. This olivine (Mg# 85-92) is enriched in Ni (from 2845 to 3419 ppm), has stable Ni/Mg ratio, low Ti, Mn and Co concentrations, and contains tiny (up to 10 ?m) diopside-spinel dendritic lamella that probably originated due to the exsolution from high Ca- and Cr- primary magmatic olivine. All these features of Ol-1-C are typical of olivine from primitive picritic and komatiitic magmas (De Hoog et al., 2010; Asafov et al., 2018). Ol-1-C contains large (up to 0.25 mm) crystalline inclusions of high-Al enstatite (Mg# 80-88) and clinopyroxene (Mg# 82-90), occasionally in association with Ti-pargasite and chromian spinel (60.4 wt.% Al2O3). These inclusions are regarded as microxenoliths of wall rock that were captured by primary melt at depths more than 30 km and preserved due to the conservation in magmatic olivine. The second stage was responsible for the crystallization of Ol-1 rim (Ol-1-R), small (up to 0.3 mm) olivine (Ol-2, Mg# 76-85) grains, and central parts of large (up to 1.5 mm) clinopyroxene (Cpx-C) phenocrysts in the mid-crustal transitional magma chamber (at a depth of 15-20 km) at 1160-1350°C. At the third stage, Cpx-C phenocrysts were overgrown by low-Mg rims (Mg# 70-72) similar in composition to the groundmass clinopyroxene from chilled picrodolerite and gabbro-dolerite in the central parts of the sills. This stage likely completed the evolution of picrodoleritic magma and occurred in the upper crust at a depth of about 5 km. All stages of picrodoleritic magma crystallization were accompanied by contamination. Primary melts were contaminated by upper mantle and/or lower crust as recognized from xenocrystic inclusions in Ol-1-C. The second contamination stage is supported by the negative values of ?Nd(2.40) = -1.1 in clinopyroxene phenocrysts. At the third stage, contamination likely occurred in the upper crust when ascending melts filled gentle fractures. This caused vertical whole-rock Nd heterogeneity in the sills (Erofeeva et al., 2019), and difference in Nd isotopic composition of clinopyroxene phenocrysts and doleritic groundmass. It was also recognized that residual evolved melts are enriched in radiogenic strontium but have neodymium isotopic composition similar to other samples. It could be explained by the interaction of the melts with fluid formed via decomposition of biotite from surrounding gneisses under the effect of high-temperature melts.
DS202010-1851
2020
Klemme, S., Berndt, J.Trace element between pyrochlore, microlite, fersmite and silicate melts.Geochemical Transactions, Vol. 21, 9, 14p. PdfMantlemelting

Abstract: We present experimentally determined trace element partition coefficients (D) between pyrochlore-group minerals (Ca2(Nb,Ta)2O6(O,F)), Ca fersmite (CaNb2O6), and silicate melts. Our data indicate that pyrochlores and fersmite are able to strongly fractionate trace elements during the evolution of SiO2-undersaturated magmas. Pyrochlore efficiently fractionates Zr and Hf from Nb and Ta, with DZr and DHf below or equal to unity, and DNb and DTa significantly above unity. We find that DTa pyrochlore-group mineral/silicate melt is always higher than DNb, which agrees with the HFSE partitioning of all other Ti-rich minerals such as perovskite, rutile, ilmenite or Fe-Ti spinel. Our experimental partition coefficients also show that, under oxidizing conditions, DTh is higher than corresponding DU and this implies that pyrochlore-group minerals may fractionate U and Th in silicate magmas. The rare earth element (REE) partition coefficients are around unity, only the light REE are compatible in pyrochlore-group minerals, which explains the high rare earth element concentrations in naturally occurring magmatic pyrochlores.
DS202010-1862
2020
Morizet, Y., Larre, C., Di Carlo, I., Gaillard, F.High S and high CO2 contents in haplokimberlite: an experimental and Raman spectroscopic study.Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 114, pp. 363-373. pdfMantlemelting

Abstract: Sulfur is an important element present in natural kimberlites and along with CO2, S can play a role in the kimberlite degassing. We have investigated experimentally the change in S content and CO2 solubility in synthetic kimberlitic melts in response to a range of pressure (0.5 to 2.0 GPa) and temperature (1500 to 1525 °C). Several initial S concentrations were investigated ranging from 0 to 24000 ppm. The dissolved CO2 and S were determined by Raman spectroscopy and Electron Probe Micro-Analyses. Under the investigated oxidizing conditions (?FMQ?+?1), S is dissolved in the glass only as S6+ forming sulfate molecular groups (SO42?). The measured S concentration in the glasses increases from 2900 to 22000 ppm. These results suggest that the experimental conditions were below saturation with respect to S and that the S solubility is higher than 22000 ppm for kimberlitic melts; regardless of the experimental conditions considered here. CO2 is dissolved as CO32? molecular groups. The CO2 solubility ranges from 3.0 to 11.3 wt% between 0.5 and 2.0 GPa. CO2 solubility is not affected by the presence of S; which suggests that SO42? and CO32? clusters have two distinct molecular environments not interacting together. This result implies that both CO2 and S are efficiently transported by kimberlitic melt from the upper mantle towards the atmosphere.
DS202012-2206
2020
Borisova, A.Y., Bindeman, I.N., Toplis, M.J., Zagrtdenov, N.R., Guignard, J., Safonov, O.G., Bychkov, A.Y., Shcheka, S., Melnik, O.E., Marcelli, M., Fehrenbach, J.Zircon survival in shallow asthenosphere and deep lithosphere.American Mineralogist, Vol. 105, pp. 1662-1671. pdfMantlemelting

Abstract: Zircon is the most frequently used mineral for dating terrestrial and extraterrestrial rocks. However, the system of zircon in mafic/ultramafic melts has been rarely explored experimentally and most existing models based on the felsic, intermediate and/or synthetic systems are probably not applicable for prediction of zircon survival in terrestrial shallow asthenosphere. In order to determine the zircon stability in such natural systems, we have performed high-temperature experiments of zircon dissolution in natural mid-ocean ridge basaltic and synthetic haplobasaltic melts coupled with in situ electron probe microanalyses of the experimental products at high current. Taking into account the secondary fluorescence effect in zircon glass pairs during electron microprobe analysis, we have calculated zirconium diffusion coefficient necessary to predict zircon survival in asthenospheric melts of tholeiitic basalt composition. The data imply that typical 100 micron zircons dissolve rapidly (in 10 hours) and congruently upon the reaction with basaltic melt at mantle pressures. We observed incongruent (to crystal ZrO2 and SiO2 in melt) dissolution of zircon in natural mid-ocean ridge basaltic melt at low pressures and in haplobasaltic melt at elevated pressure. Our experimental data raise questions about the origin of zircons in mafic and ultramafic rocks, in particular, in shallow oceanic asthenosphere and deep lithosphere, as well as the meaning of the zircon-based ages estimated from the composition of these minerals. Large size zircon megacrysts in kimberlites, peridotites, alkali basalts and other magmas suggest the fast transport and short interaction between zircon and melt.The origin of zircon megacrysts is likely related to metasomatic addition of Zr into mantle as any mantle melting episode should obliterate them.
DS202101-0011
2020
Fischer, K.M., Rychert, C.A., Dalton, C.A., Miller, M.S., Begheim, C., Schutt, D.L.A comparison of oceanic and continental mantle lithsophere.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 309, 106600, 20p. PdfMantlemelting

Abstract: Over the last decade, seismological studies have shed new light on the properties of the mantle lithosphere and their physical and chemical origins. This paper synthesizes recent work to draw comparisons between oceanic and continental lithosphere, with a particular focus on isotropic velocity structure and its implications for mantle temperature and partial melt. In the oceans, many observations of scattered and reflected body waves indicate velocity contrasts whose depths follow an age-dependent trend. New modeling of fundamental mode Rayleigh waves from the Pacific ocean indicates that cooling plate models with asymptotic plate thicknesses of 85-95 km provide the best overall fits to phase velocities at periods of 25 s to 250 s. These thermal models are broadly consistent with the depths of scattered and reflected body wave observations, and with oceanic heat flow data. However, the lithosphere-asthenosphere velocity gradients for 85-95 km asymptotic plate thicknesses are too gradual to generate observable Sp phases, both at ages less than 30 Ma and at ages of 80 Ma or more. To jointly explain Rayleigh wave, scattered and reflected body waves and heat flow data, we propose that oceanic lithosphere can be characterized as a thermal boundary layer with an asymptotic thickness of 85-95 km, but that this layer contains other features, such as zones of partial melt from hydrated or carbonated asthenosphere, that enhance the lithosphere-asthenosphere velocity gradient. Beneath young continental lithosphere, surface wave constraints on lithospheric thickness are also compatible with the depths of lithosphere-asthenosphere velocity gradients implied by converted and scattered body waves. However, typical steady-state conductive models consistent with continental heat flow produce thermal and velocity gradients that are too gradual in depth to produce observed converted and scattered body waves. Unless lithospheric isotherms are concentrated in depth by mantle upwelling or convective removal, the presence of an additional factor, such as partial melt at the base of the thermal lithosphere, is needed to sharpen lithosphere-asthenosphere velocity gradients in many young continental regions. Beneath cratons, numerous body wave conversions and reflections are observed within the thick mantle lithosphere, but the velocity layering they imply appears to be laterally discontinuous. The nature of cratonic lithosphere-asthenosphere velocity gradients remains uncertain, with some studies indicating gradual transitions that are consistent with steady-state thermal models, and other studies inferring more vertically localized velocity gradients.
DS202101-0024
2021
Luo, Y., Korenaga, J.Efficiency of eclogite removal from continental lithosphere and its implications for cratonic diamonds. CLMGeology, in press available 5p. PdfMantlemelting

Abstract: Continental lithospheric mantle (CLM) may have been built from subducted slabs, but the apparent lack of concurrent oceanic crust in CLM, known as the mass imbalance problem, remains unresolved. Here, we present a simple dynamic model to evaluate the likelihood of losing dense eclogitized oceanic crust from CLM by gravitational instability. Our model allowed us to assess the long-term evolution of such crust removal, based on how thermal and viscosity profiles change over time across the continental lithosphere. We found that the oceanic crust incorporated early into CLM can quickly escape to the asthenosphere, whereas that incorporated after a certain age would be preserved in CLM. This study provides a plausible explanation for the mass imbalance problem posed by the oceanic ridge origin hypothesis of CLM and points to the significance of preservation bias inherent to the studies of cratonic diamonds.
DS202101-0035
2020
Turner, S., Turner, M., Bourdon, B., Cooper, K., Porcelli, D.Extremely young melt infiltration of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, doi.org/10.1016/ j.pepi.2-19.106325 54p. PdfMantlemelting

Abstract: It has long been inferred that mantle metasomatism and the incompatible element enrichment of the continents both require movement of melts formed by very low degree melting of the mantle. Yet establishing the presence of these melts and whether this process is on-going and continuous, or spatially and temporally restricted, has proved difficult. Here we report large U-Th-Ra disequilibria in metasomatised, mantle xenoliths erupted in very young lavas from the Newer Volcanics Province in southeastern Australia. The 226Ra-230Th disequilibria appear to require reappraisal of previous estimates for the age of eruption that now seems unlikely to be more than a few kyr at most. We propose that infiltration of carbonatitic melts/fluids, combined with crystallization of pargasite, can account for the first order U-series disequilibria observations. Irrespective of the exact details of the complex processes responsible, the half-lives of the nuclides require that some of the chemical and isotopic disturbance was extremely young (« 8?kyr) and potentially on-going at the time of incorporation into the alkali basalts that transported the xenoliths to the surface. This provides evidence for the presence and possibly continuing migration of small melt fractions (~0.02%) in the upper convecting mantle that may contribute to the seismic low velocity zone. By implication, it appears that the asthenosphere must lie close to its solidus, at least in this region. Pressure-temperature estimates indicate that the small degree melts identified could infiltrate as far as 25?km upwards into the sub-continental lithospheric mantle leading to strong incompatible element enrichment and the recent timing of this event this urges a reappraisal of the meaning of 300-500?Ma Nd model ages in mantle xenoliths from this region. In principle, the resultant metasomatised mantle could provide a component for some ocean island basalts, should the sub-continental lithospheric mantle be returned to the asthenosphere by convective removal at some later time.
DS202103-0407
2021
Shatskiy, A., Arefiev, A.V., Podborodnikov, I.V., Litasov, K.D.Effect of water on carbonate-silicate liquid immiscibility in the system KAlSi3O8-CaMgSiO6-NaAlSiO6-CaMg(CO3)2 at 6 Pa: implications for diamond forming melts.American Mineralogist, Vol. 106, pp. 165-173. pdfMantlemelting

Abstract: To evaluate the effect of Na on the carbonate-silicate liquid immiscibility in the diamond stability field, we performed experiments along some specific joins of the system KAlSi3O8-CaMg(CO3)2 ± NaAlSi2O6 ± Na2CO3 at 6 GPa. Melting in all studied joins begins at 1000-1050 °C. The melting in the Kfs + Dol system is controlled by the reaction 6 KAlSi3O8 (K-feldspar) + 6 CaMg(CO3)2 (dolomite) = 2 (Can,Mg1-n)3Al2Si3O12 (garnet) + Al2SiO5 (kyanite) + 11 SiO2 (coesite) + 3 K2(Ca1-n,Mgn)2(CO3)3 (carbonatitic melt) + 3 CO2 (fluid), where n ~ 0.3-0.4. A temperature increasing to 1300 °C yields an appearance of the silicic immiscible melt in addition to carbonatitic melt via the reaction K2CO3 (carbonatitic melt) + Al2SiO5 (kyanite) + 5 SiO2 (coesite) = 2 KAlSi3O8 (silicic melt) + CO2 (fluid or solute in melts). The silicic melt composition is close to KAlSi3O8 with dissolved CaMg(CO3)2 and molecular CO2. An addition of NaAlSi2O6 or Na2CO3 to the system results in partial decomposition of K-feldspar and formation of K-bearing carbonates, (K, Na)2Mg(CO3)2 and (K, Na)2Ca3(CO3)4. Their melting produces carbonatite melt with the approximate composition of 4(K, Na)2CO3•6Ca0.6Mg0.4CO3 and magnesite. Besides, the presence of NaAlSi2O6 in the studied system shifts the lower-temperature limit of immiscibility to 1500°?, while the presence of Na2CO3 eliminates the appearance of silicic melt by the following reaction: 2 KAlSi3O8 (in the silicic melt) + Na2CO3 = 2 NaAlSi2O6 (in clinopyroxene) + K2CO3 (in the carbonatitic melt) + SiO2 (coesite). Thus, an increase of the Na2O content in the system Na2O-K2O-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-CO2 consumes Al2O3 and SiO2 from silicic melt to form clinopyroxene. We found that grossular-pyrope and diopside-jadeite solid solutions can coexist with CO2 fluid at 900-1500 °C and 6 GPa. Thus, CO2 fluid is stable in the eclogitic suite in the diamond stability field under temperature conditions of the continental lithosphere and subducting slabs. Variations in the Na2O content observed in carbonatitic melts trapped by natural in diamonds exceed those derived by the pelite melting. The present experiments show that an addition of NaAlSi2O6 to the Kfs + Dol system does not cause an increase of the Na2O content in the carbonatitic melt, whereas the addition of Na2CO3 at Na2O/Al2O3 > 1 yields the formation of the melts with the Na2O contents covering the entire range of natural compositions. Thus, only the presence of additional salt components can explain the elevated Na2O content in the melts trapped in lithospheric diamonds. In addition to carbonates, sodium can be hosted by chlorides, sulfates, etc.
DS202104-0618
2020
Xu, M., Jing, Z., Bajgain, S.K., Mookherjee, M., Van Orman, J.A., Yu, T., Wang, Y.High pressure elastic properties of dolomite melt supporting carbonate-induced melting in deep upper mantle.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences PNAS, Vol. 117, 31, pp. 18285-18291. pdfMantlemelting

Abstract: Deeply subducted carbonates likely cause low-degree melting of the upper mantle and thus play an important role in the deep carbon cycle. However, direct seismic detection of carbonate-induced partial melts in the Earth’s interior is hindered by our poor knowledge on the elastic properties of carbonate melts. Here we report the first experimentally determined sound velocity and density data on dolomite melt up to 5.9 GPa and 2046 K by in-situ ultrasonic and sink-float techniques, respectively, as well as first-principles molecular dynamics simulations of dolomite melt up to 16 GPa and 3000 K. Using our new elasticity data, the calculated VP/VS ratio of the deep upper mantle (?180-330 km) with a small amount of carbonate-rich melt provides a natural explanation for the elevated VP/VS ratio of the upper mantle from global seismic observations, supporting the pervasive presence of a low-degree carbonate-rich partial melt (?0.05%) that is consistent with the volatile-induced or redox-regulated initial melting in the upper mantle as argued by petrologic studies. This carbonate-rich partial melt region implies a global average carbon (C) concentration of 80-140 ppm. by weight in the deep upper mantle source region, consistent with the mantle carbon content determined from geochemical studies.
DS202105-0802
2021
Yu, Y., Huang, X-L., Sun, M., Ma, J-L.B isotopic constraints on the role of H2O in mantle wedge melting.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 303, pp. 92-109, pdfMantlemelting

Abstract: The role of water on melting in the mantle wedge is still debated due to large uncertainty on the estimates of H2O flux beneath arcs. B has been proven as an effective proxy for water flux because B and H2O show similar chemical behaviors during subduction. The Habahe mafic dikes from the Chinese Altai were emplaced within a narrow area (<20?km from south to north) during the northward subduction of the Junggar Ocean in the middle Paleozoic. These dikes have been classified into four types with distinct geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotopic compositions, which originated from mantle sources metasomatized by different subduction components, including melts from subducted sediments (Type-I, Type-IV), fluids from subducted sediments (Type-II), and melts from subducted oceanic crust (Type-III). We present B content and isotope data for the Habahe mafic dikes to investigate the influence of subduction components on melting in the mantle wedge. Type-I and -III mafic dikes all have negative ?11B values (?7.7‰ to ?5.0‰) with variable B contents (3.65-13.4?ppm) and B/Nb ratios (2.10-7.39), indicating B isotopically light features for the subducted sediments and oceanic crust. Type-II mafic dikes have lower B contents (3.97-9.90?ppm) and higher B/Nb ratios (7.07-14.4) than Type-I mafic dikes, with a wide range of ?11B values from ?7.8‰ to ?2.7‰. This suggests that their mantle source may have been metasomatized by fluids from subducted serpentinite besides fluids from subducted sediments. Type-IV mafic dikes have higher B contents (17.0-27.5?ppm) and B/Nb ratios (25.0-40.8), and heavier B isotopic compositions (?11B?=??2.9‰ to +3.5‰) than Type-I mafic dikes. This indicates involvement of fluids from the slab serpentinite in metasomatism of their mantle source in addition to melts from the subducted sediments. The Habahe mafic dikes show wide range of B/Nb ratios, suggesting that different amounts of water were added into their mantle sources. These dikes exhibit variable Zr/Yb and Nb/Yb ratios, and constantly low TiO2/Yb, indicating their formation through different degrees melting of depleted mantle sources. Their Zr/Yb and Nb/Yb ratios are negatively correlated with B/Nb, which reflects elevation of the melting degree of their mantle sources as increasing water input. Similar trends are also observed in basalts from global arcs and their major and trace elements correlate well with B/Nb ratios. Thus, water flux should play an important role on melting in the mantle wedge and control magma compositions of the arcs.
DS202110-1601
2021
Benmore, C.J., Wilding, M.C.Probing the structure of melts, glasses, and amorphous materials.Elements, Vol. 17, pp. 175-180.Mantlemelting

Abstract: Liquids, glasses, and amorphous materials are ubiquitous in the Earth sciences and are intrinsic to a plethora of geological processes, ranging from volcanic activity, deep Earth melting events, metasomatic processes, frictional melting (pseudotachylites), lighting strikes (fulgurites), impact melting (tektites), hydrothermal activity, aqueous solution geochemistry, and the formation of dense high-pressure structures. However, liquids and glassy materials lack the long-range order that characterizes crystalline materials, and studies of their structure require a different approach to that of conventional crystallography. The pair distribution function is the neutron diffraction technique used to characterize liquid and amorphous states. When combined with atomistic models, neutron diffraction techniques can determine the properties and behavior of disordered structures.
DS202112-1920
2021
Blanchard. I., Abeykon, S., Frost, D.J., Rubie, D.C.Sulfur content at sulfide saturation of peridotitic melt at upper mantle conditions.American Mineralogist, Vol. 106, pp. 1835-1843. pdfMantlesulfides

Abstract: The concentration of sulfur that can be dissolved in a silicate liquid is of fundamental importance because it is closely associated with several major Earth-related processes. Considerable effort has been made to understand the interplay between the efects of silicate melt composition and its capacity to retain sulfur, but the dependence on pressure and temperature is mostly based on experiments performed at pressures and temperatures below 6 GPa and 2073 K. Here we present a study of the effects of pressure and temperature on sulfur content at sulfide saturation of a peridotitic liquid. We performed 14 multi-anvil experiments using a peridotitic starting composition, and we produced 25 new measurements at conditions ranging from 7 to 23 GPa and 2173 to 2623 K. We analyzed the recovered samples using both electron microprobe and laser ablation ICP-MS. We compiled our data together with previously published data that were obtained at lower P-T conditions and with various silicate melt compositions. We present a new model based on this combined data set that encompasses the entire range of upper mantle pressure-temperature conditions, along with the efect of a wide range of silicate melt compositions. Our findings are consistent with earlier work based on extrapolation from lower-pressure and lower-temperature experiments and show a decrease of sulfur content at sulfide saturation (SCSS) with increasing pressure and an increase of SCSS with increasing temperature. We have extrapolated our results to pressure-temperature conditions of the Earth’s primitive magma ocean, and show that FeS will exsolve from the molten silicate and can efectively be extracted to the core by a process that has been termed the "Hadean Matte." We also discuss briefly the implications of our results for the lunar magma ocean.
DS202202-0205
2022
Lin, Y., van Westrenen, W., Mao, H-K.Oxygen controls on magmatism rocky exoplanets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 78, 10.1073/pnas2110427118 6p. PdfCosmosmelting

Abstract: Refractory oxygen bound to cations is a key component of the interior of rocky exoplanets. Its abundance controls planetary properties including metallic core fraction, core composition, and mantle and crust mineralogy. Interior oxygen abundance, quantified with the oxygen fugacity (fO2), also determines the speciation of volatile species during planetary outgassing, affecting the composition of the atmosphere. Although melting drives planetary differentiation into core, mantle, crust, and atmosphere, the effect of fO2 on rock melting has not been studied directly to date, with prior efforts focusing on fO2-induced changes in the valence ratio of transition metals (particularly iron) in minerals and magma. Here, melting experiments were performed using a synthetic iron-free basalt at oxygen levels representing reducing (log fO2 = ?11.5 and ?7) and oxidizing (log fO2 = ?0.7) interior conditions observed in our solar system. Results show that the liquidus of iron-free basalt at a pressure of 1 atm is lowered by 105 ± 10?°C over an 11 log fO2 units increase in oxygen abundance. This effect is comparable in size to the well-known enhanced melting of rocks by the addition of H2O or CO2. This implies that refractory oxygen abundance can directly control exoplanetary differentiation dynamics by affecting the conditions under which magmatism occurs, even in the absence of iron or volatiles. Exoplanets with a high refractory oxygen abundance exhibit more extensive and longer duration magmatic activity, leading to more efficient and more massive volcanic outgassing of more oxidized gas species than comparable exoplanets with a lower rock fO2.
DS202203-0353
2021
Kamenetsky, V.S., Doroshkevich, A.G., Elliott, A.L., Zaitsev, A.N.Carbonatites: contrasting, complex, and controversial.Elements, Vol. 17, pp. 307-314.Mantlemelting

Abstract: Carbonatites are unique, enigmatic, and controversial rocks directly sourced from, or evolved from, mantle melts. Mineral proportions and chemical compositions of carbonatites are highly variable and depend on a wide range of processes: melt generation, liquid immiscibility, fractional crystallization, and post-magmatic alteration. Observations of plutonic carbon-atites and their surrounding metasomatic rocks (fenites) suggest that carbon-atite intrusions and volcanic rocks do not fully represent the true compositions of the parental carbonatite melts and fluids. Carbonatites are enriched in rare elements, such as niobium and rare earths, and may host deposits of these elements. Carbonatites are also important for understanding the carbon cycle and mantle evolution.
DS202203-0354
2022
Krstulovic, M., Rosa, A.D., Sanchez, D.F., Libon, L., Albers. C., Merkulova, M., Grolimund, D., Irifune, T., Wilke, M.Effect of temperature on the densification of silicate melts to lower Earth's mantle.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiora, 13p. PdfMantlemelting

Abstract: Physical properties of silicate melts play a key role for global planetary dynamics, controlling for example volcanic eruption styles, mantle convection and elemental cycling in the deep Earth. They are significantly modified by structural changes at the atomic scale due to external parameters such as pressure and temperature or due to chemistry. Structural rearrangements such as 4- to 6-fold coordination change of Si with increasing depth may profoundly influence melt properties, but have so far mostly been studied at ambient temperature due to experimental difficulties. In order to investigate the structural properties of silicate melts and their densification mechanisms at conditions relevant to the deep Earth's interior, we studied haplo basaltic glasses and melts (albite-diopside composition) at high pressure and temperature conditions in resistively and laser-heated diamond anvil cells using X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. Samples were doped with 10 wt of Ge, which is accessible with this experimental technique and which commonly serves as a structural analogue for the network forming cation Si. We acquired spectra on the Ge K edge up to 48 GPa and 5000 K and derived the average Ge-O coordination number , and bond distance as functions of pressure. Our results demonstrate a continuous transformation from tetrahedral to octahedral coordination between ca. 5 and 30 GPa at ambient temperature. Above 1600 K the data reveal a reduction of the pressure needed to complete conversion to octahedral coordination by ca. 30 . The results allow us to determine the influence of temperature on the Si coordination number changes in natural melts in the Earth's interior. We propose that the complete transition to octahedral coordination in basaltic melts is reached at about 40 GPa, corresponding to a depth of ca. 1200 km in the uppermost lower mantle. At the core-mantle boundary (2900 km, 130 GPa, 3000 K) the existence of non-buoyant melts has been proposed to explain observed low seismic wave velocity features. Our results highlight that the melt composition can affect the melt density at such extreme conditions and may strongly influence the structural response.
DS202204-0545
2022
Xu, C., Inoue, T., Gao, J., Noda, M., Kakizawa, S.Melting phase relation of Fe-bearing phase D up to the uppermost lower mantle.American Mineralogist, Vol. 107, 19p.Mantlemelting

Abstract: Dense hydrous magnesium silicates (DHMSs) are considered important water carriers in the deep Earth. Due to the significant effect of Fe on the stability of DHMSs, Fe-bearing Phase D (PhD) deserves much attention. However, few experiments have been conducted to determine the stability of PhD in different bulk compositions. In this study, we provide experimental constraints for the stability of PhD in the AlOOH-FeOOH-Mg1.11Si1.89O6H2.22 system between 18 and 25 GPa at 1000-1600 °C, corresponding to the P-T conditions of the mantle transition zone and uppermost lower mantle. Fe3+-bearing PhD was synthesized from the FeOOH-Mg1.11Si1.89O6H2.22 binary system with two different Fe3+ contents. The resultant Al,Fe3+-bearing compositions are close to analog specimens of the fully oxidized mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) and pyrolite in the AlOOH-FeOOH-Mg1.11Si1.89O6H2.22 ternary system. The substitution mechanism of Fe is shown to be dependent on pressure, and Fe3+ occupies both Mg and Si sites in PhD at pressures below 21 GPa. In contrast, Fe3+ only occupies Si site at pressures exceeding 21 GPa. The presence of Fe3+ results in a slight reduction in the thermal stability field of PhD in the FeOOH-Mg1.11Si1.89O6H2.22 system in comparison to Mg-bearing, Fe-free PhD. In contrast, Al,Fe3+-bearing PhD is more stable than Mg-bearing PhD in both MORB and pyrolite compositions. In this regard, Al,Fe3+-bearing PhD could act as a long-term water reservoir during subduction processes to the deep mantle.

 
 

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