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SDLRC - Convection


The Sheahan Diamond Literature Reference Compilation - Scientific and Media Articles based on Major Keyword - Convection
The Sheahan Diamond Literature Reference Compilation is compiled by Patricia Sheahan who publishes on a monthly basis a list of new scientific articles related to diamonds as well as media coverage and corporate announcements called the Sheahan Diamond Literature Service that is distributed as a free pdf to a list of followers. Pat has kindly agreed to allow her work to be made available as an online digital resource at Kaiser Research Online so that a broader community interested in diamonds and related geology can benefit. The references are for personal use information purposes only; when available a link is provided to an online location where the full article can be accessed or purchased directly. Reproduction of this compilation in part or in whole without permission from the Sheahan Diamond Literature Service is strictly prohibited. Return to Diamond Keyword Index
Sheahan Diamond Literature Reference Compilation - Scientific Articles by Author for all years
A-An Ao+ B-Bd Be-Bk Bl-Bq Br+ C-Cg Ch-Ck Cl+ D-Dd De-Dn Do+ E F-Fn Fo+ G-Gh Gi-Gq Gr+ H-Hd He-Hn Ho+ I J K-Kg Kh-Kn Ko-Kq Kr+ L-Lh
Li+ M-Maq Mar-Mc Md-Mn Mo+ N O P-Pd Pe-Pn Po+ Q R-Rh Ri-Rn Ro+ S-Sd Se-Sh Si-Sm Sn-Ss St+ T-Th Ti+ U V W-Wg Wh+ X Y Z
Sheahan Diamond Literature Reference Compilation - Media/Corporate References by Name for all years
A B C D-Diam Diamonds Diamr+ E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Each article reference in the SDLRC is tagged with one or more key words assigned by Pat Sheahan to highlight the main topics of the article. In an effort to make it easier for users to track down articles related to a specific topic, KRO has extracted these key words and developed a list of major key words presented in this Key Word Index to which individual key words used in the article reference have been assigned. In most of the individual Key Word Reports the references are in crhonological order, though in some such as Deposits the order is first by key word and then chronological. Only articles classified as "technical" (mainly scientific journal articles) and "media" (independent media articles) are included in the Key Word Index. References that were added in the most recent monthly update are highlighted in yellow.

Convection is the manner by which heat generated inside the earth's core through radioactive decay causes hot rocks within the mantle (astheosphere) to rise while cooler rock sinks, creating a heat circulation that drives the plates which rest on the mantle (lithosphere). Convection is the engine that drivers plate tectonics and generates magmas which work their way to the surface. Convection is relevant to diamonds because it affects craton construction and eruption of kimberlites.

Convection
Posted/
Published
AuthorTitleSourceRegionKeywords
DS1988-0761
1988
Wilson, J.T.Convection tectonics: some possible effects upon the Earth's surface of flow from the deep mantle.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 25, pp. 1199-1208.MantleConvection, Tectonics - rifting
DS1991-0316
1991
Cox, K.G.A superplume in the mantleNature, Vol. 352, No. 6336, August 15, pp. 564-565GlobalMantle, Convection
DS1991-0317
1991
Cox, K.G.A superplume in the mantleNature, Vol. 352, Aug. 15, pp. 564-565.MantleHotspot, Tectonics, convection
DS1991-0756
1991
Huppert, H.E., Turner, J.S.Comments on 'on convective style and vigor in sheet like magma chambers' byB.D. MarshJournal of Petrology, Vol. 32, pt. 4, pp. 851-854GlobalMagma chambers, Convection
DS1991-1348
1991
Phillips, O.M.Flow and reactions in permeable rocksCambridge, 295p. approx. $ 60.00GlobalThermal convection, Ore deposits
DS1992-1274
1992
Richards, M.A., Engebretson, D.C.Large scale mantle convection and the history of subductionNature, Vol. 355, No. 6359, January 30, pp. 437-440MantleConvection, Subduction -general
DS1992-1452
1992
Solomon, S.C.The structure of the Mid Ocean RidgesAnnual Review of Earth and Planetary Science, Vol. 20, pp. 329-64.MantleMagmatism, convection
DS1993-0253
1993
Christensen, U.Mantle convection: a natural mineral filterNature, Vol. 361, No. 6410, January 28, p. 303MantleConvection
DS1993-1516
1993
Sparks, D.W., Parmentier, E.M., Morgan, J.P.Three dimensional mantle convection beneath a segmented spreading center:implications along axis variations in crustal thickness.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 98, No. B 12, Dec.10, pp. 21, 977-995.MantleConvection, Crust thickness, gravity
DS1994-0547
1994
Frenkel, M.Ya.Convection in a magma chamberGeochemistry International, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 1-22MantleMagma chamber, Convection
DS1994-0599
1994
GeochroniqueReservoirs magmatiques..short papers in frenchGeochronique, No. 49, pp. 16-24GlobalStructure, PGM., Convection, ophiolite, mafics, ultramafics
DS1994-1226
1994
Montagner, J-P.Can seismology tell us anything about convection in the mantle?Reviews in Geophysics, Vol. 32, No. 2, May pp. 115-133.MantleGeophysics -seismology, Convection
DS1995-0316
1995
Christensen, U.Effects of phase transitions on mantle convectionAnnual Review of Earth Planetary Sciences, Vol. 23, pp. 65-88MantleConvection
DS1995-0464
1995
Dupeyrat, L., Sotin, C., Parmentier, E.M.Thermal and chemical convection in planetary mantlesJournal of Geophy. Res. Sol., Vol. 100, No. 1, Jan. 10, pp. 497-520.MantleGeochemistry, Convection
DS1995-1101
1995
Lister, C.R.B.Heat transfer between magmas and hydrothermal systems or six lemmas in search of a theoreM.Geophys, Journal of International, Vol. 120, pp. 45-59MantleSea floor spreading, convection, Magma- hydrothermal systems
DS1995-1825
1995
Steinbach, V., Yuen, D.A.The effects of temperature dependent viscosity on mantle convection with the two major phase transitions.Physics of the Earth Plan. Interiors, Vol. 90, No. 1-2, July 1, pp. 13-36.MantleConvection
DS1995-1905
1995
Thoraval, C., Machetel, P.Empirical estimates of upper mantle discontinuities topography based upongeodynamical constraints.Eos, Vol. 76, No. 46, Nov. 7. p.F578. Abstract.MantleConvection
DS1995-2088
1995
Wysession, M.The inner workings of the earthAmerican Scientist, Vol. 83, March-April pp. 134-147MantleCore-mantle boundary CMB., Convection
DS1995-2138
1995
Zhang, S., Yuen, D.A.Formation of large scale linear upwelling plumes in mantle convection model with phase boundary depth 660km.Eos, Vol. 76, No. 46, Nov. 7. p.F634. Abstract.MantleConvection
DS1996-0647
1996
Honda, S., Iwase, Y.Comparison of the dynamic and parameterized models of mantle convection including core cooling.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 139, pp. 133-145.MantleConvection, Core, model
DS1996-1348
1996
Solheim, L.P.Episodic mantle convectionGlobal Tectonics and Metallogeny, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 25-33MantleHeat flow, Convection
DS1997-0019
1997
Allegre, C.J.Limitation on the mass exchange between the upper and lower mantle; the evolving convection regime of earth.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 150, No. 1-2, July pp. 1-6.MantleSubduction, Convection
DS1997-0670
1997
Leitch, A.M., Cordery, M.J., Davies, G.F., Campbell, I.Flood basalts from eclogite bearing mantle plumesSouth African Journal of Geology, Vol. 100, 4, Dec. pp. 311-318MantleConvection, melt, Plumes
DS1997-0671
1997
Leitch, A.M., Cordery, M.J., Davies, G.F., Campbell, I.Flood basalts from eclogite bearing mantle plumesSouth African Journal of Geology, Vol. 100, 4, Dec. pp. 311-318.MantleConvection, melt, Plumes
DS1997-0935
1997
Puster, P., Jordan, T.H.How stratified is mantle convection?Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 102, No. 4, April 10, pp. 7625-46.MantleConvection, Stratigraphy
DS1998-0158
1998
Brandon, A.D., Walker, Morgan, Snow190 Pc 186 Os isotopic systematics of the upper mantle and some plumesMineralogical Magazine, Goldschmidt abstract, Vol. 62A, p. 227-8.MantleConvection, Chromitites, peridotites
DS1998-0403
1998
Evans, D.A.True polar wander, a supercontinental legacyEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 157, pp. 1-8.GondwanaPaleomagnetism, Mantle, convection, subduction, geodynamics
DS1998-0720
1998
Karato, S.I.Seismic anisotropy in the deep mantle, boundary layers and the geometry of mantle convection.Pure and Applied Geophys., Vol. 151, No. 2-4, Mar. 1, pp. 565-588.MantleGeophysics - seismics, Convection
DS1998-1089
1998
Ogawa, M.Numerical models of coupled magmatism mantle convection system applied To the early mantle.Geological Society of America (GSA) Annual Meeting, abstract. only, p.A207-8.MantleMagmatism, Convection
DS1998-1148
1998
Peltier, W.R.Mantle mixing and the stability of the tectosphereGeological Society of America (GSA) Annual Meeting, abstract. only, p.A208.OntarioConvection, Hudson Bay gravity anomaly
DS1998-1199
1998
Pysklywec, R.N., Mitrovica, J.X.Mantle flow mechanisms for the large scale subsidence of continentalinteriors.Geology, Vol. 26, No. 8, Aug. pp. 687-90.MantleConvection, topography
DS1998-1383
1998
Sonnenthal, E.L., McBirney, A.R.The Skaergaard layered series. Pt. IV. Reaction-transport simulations of foundered blocksJournal of Petrology, Vol. 39, No. 4, Apr. pp. 633-661GreenlandCrystallization, Melt composition, convection
DS1998-1517
1998
Van Keken, P.E., Ballentine, C.J.Whole mantle versus layered mantle convection and the role of high viscosity lower mantle in terrestrial vol.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 156, No. 1-2, Mar. 15, pp. 19-32.MantleConvection, melt, Volatile evolution
DS1999-0196
1999
Eltayeb, I.A.The stability of compositional plumes in a rotating magnetic fluidPhysical Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 110, pp. 1-19.MantlePlumes, thermal convection
DS1999-0501
1999
Namiki, A., Kuritak, A.Influence of boundary heterogeneity in experimental models of mantleconvection.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 26, No. 13, July 1, pp. 1929-32.MantleConvection
DS1999-0594
1999
Richards, M.A., Bunge, H.P., Baumgardner, J.R.Polar wandering in mantle convection modelsGeophysical Research Letters, Vol. 26, No. 12, June 15, pp. 1777-80.MantleConvection
DS1999-0769
1999
Ven Keken, A.Mixing in a 3D spherical model of present day mantle convectionEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 171, No. 4, Sept. 30, pp. 533-48.MantleConvection
DS2000-0217
2000
De Smet, J., Van den Berg, A.P., Vlaar, N.J.Early formation and long term stability of continents resulting decompression melting in convecting mantle.Tectonophysics, Vol.322, No.1-2, July10, pp.19-34.MantleMagmatism, Convection
DS2000-0246
2000
Dubuffet, F., Rabinowicz, M., Monnereau, M.Multiple scales in mantle convectionEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 178, No. 3-4, May 30, pp. 351-66.MantleSubduction, Convection
DS2000-0432
2000
Insergueiz-Filipoli, D., Batoul, E., Tric. A.Spectral modelling of mantle convection in a non-orthogonal geometry: applications subduction zones.Comp. and Geosc., Vol. 26, No. 7, pp. 763-78.MantleSubduction, Convection
DS2000-0498
2000
Kido, M., Yue, D.A.The role of a low viscosity zone under a 660 km discontinuity in regional mantle layering.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol.181, No.4, Sept.30, pp.573-83.MantleGeophysics - seismics, Discontinuity, convection
DS2000-0634
2000
Matyska, C., Yuen, D.A.Profiles of the Bulletinen parameter from mantle convection modellingEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 178, No. 1-2, May 15, pp.39-46.MantleMantle plumes, Convection
DS2000-0725
2000
Ogawa, M.Coupled magmatism mantle convection system with variable viscosityTectonophysics, Vol.322, No.1-2, July10, pp.1-18.MantleMagmatism, Convection
DS2000-0831
2000
Rosen, O.M.Phanerozoic mantle magmatism at the Siberian platform: some constraints on the model of mantle convection.Doklady Academy of Sciences, Vol. 371, No. 2, pp. 243-6.Russia, SiberiaMagmatism, Convection
DS2001-0281
2001
Dumoulin, C., Doin, M.P., Fleitout, L.Numerical simulations of the cooling of an oceanic lithosphere above a convective mantle.Physical Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 125, No. 1-4, pp. 45-64.MantleConvection
DS2001-0324
2001
Forte, A.M., Mitrovica, J.X.Deep mantle high viscosity flow and thermochemical structure inferred from seismic and geodynamic data.Nature, Vol. 410, Apr. 26, pp. 1049-56.MantleGeodynamics, Convective flow
DS2001-0422
2001
Gubbins, D.The rayleigh number for convection in the Earth's corePhysics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 128, No. 1-4, Dec. 10, pp. 3-12.MantleConvection
DS2001-0493
2001
Hunt, D.L., Kellogg, L.H.Quantifying mixing and age variations of heterogeneities in models of mantle convection: roleJournal of Geophy. Res., Vol. 106, No. 4, Apr. 10, pp. 6747-60.MantleDepth dependent viscosity, Convection
DS2001-0555
2001
Jull, M., Kelemen, P.B.On the conditions for lower crustal convective instabilityJournal of Geophy. Res., Vol. 106, No. 4, Apr. 10, pp. 6423-46.MantleGeophysics, Convection
DS2001-0605
2001
Kirdyashkin, A.G., Dobretsov, N.L., Kirdyashkin, A.A.Turbulent convection and magnetic field of the outer Earth's coreRussian Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 41, No. 5, pp. 579-592.MantleGeophysics - magnetics, Convection
DS2001-0673
2001
Lenardic, A., Moresi, L.Heat flow scaling for mantle convection below a conductivity lidGeophysical Research Letters, Vol. 28, No. 7, April 1, pp. 1311-14.MantleConvection
DS2001-0791
2001
Monnereau, M., Quere, S.Spherical shell models of mantle convection with tectonic platesEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 184, No.3-4, Jan.30, pp.575-88.MantleConvection, Tectonics
DS2001-0823
2001
Namiki, A., Kurita, K.The influence of boundary heterogeneity in experimental models of mantle convection with internal heat sources.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 128, No. 1-4, Dec. 10, pp. 195-205.MantleGeothermometry, convection, heat
DS2001-1102
2001
Solomatov, V.S.Grain size dependent viscosity convection and the thermal evolution of theEarth.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 191, No. 3-4, pp. 203-12.MantleGeothermometry, Convection
DS2001-1185
2001
Van Keken, P.Cylindrical scaling for dynamical cooling models of the EarthPhysics Earth Plan. International, Vol. 124, No. 1-2, pp. 119-30.MantleConvection, modeling, heat flow
DS2002-0016
2002
Albarede, F., Van der Hilst, R.D.Zoned mantle convectionPhilosophical Transactions, Royal Society of London Series A Mathematical, Vol.1800, pp. 2569-92.MantleGeochemistry - model, convection
DS2002-0039
2002
Anderson, D.L.Mantle convection in the Earth and PlanetsMaterials Research Bulletin, Ingenta 1023992546, Vol. 37, 10, pp. 1781-84.MantleConvection
DS2002-1313
2002
Rasskazov, S.V., Bowring, S.A., Hawsh, T., et al.The Pb Nd Sr isotope systematics in heterogeneous continental lithosphere above the convecting mantle domain.Doklady, Vol. 387A, Nov-Dec. No. 9, pp. 1056-9.MantleGeochronology, Convection
DS2002-1316
2002
Razzkazov, S.V., Bowring, S.A., Hawsh, T., Demonterova, E.I., Logachev, N.A.The Pb Nd and Sr isotope systematics in heterogeneous continental lithosphere aboveDoklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 387A, 9. pp. 1056-9.MantleGeochronology, Convection
DS2002-1457
2002
Shen, Y., Solomon, S.C., Bjarnason, Nolet, MorganSeismic evidence for a tilted mantle plume and north south mantle flow beneath IcelandEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol.197,3-4,pp.261-77.IcelandTransition zones, discontinuities, convection
DS2003-0009
2003
Al-Kindi, S., White, N., Sinha, M., England, R., Tiley, R.Crustal trace of a hot convective sheetGeology, Vol. 31, 3, pp. 207-10.IcelandGeophysics - seismics, Plumes, underplating, convection
DS2003-0595
2003
Hofman, A.W.Just add water.. new model why upper mantle is depleted of many trace elementsNature, No. 6953, September 4, pp.24-25.MantleGeochemistry, convection, molten filter, discontinuity
DS2003-0743
2003
Korenaga, J., Jordan, T.H.Physics of multiscale convection in Earth's mantle: onset of sublithospheric convectionJournal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, 2, 10.1029/2002JB001760MantleConvection
DS2003-0793
2003
Lenardic, A., Moresi, L.N., Muhlhaus, H.Longevity and stability of cratonic lithosphere: insights from numerical simulations ofJournal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, 6, 10.1029/2002JB001859MantleConvection
DS2003-0879
2003
Marty, B., Dauphas, N.The nitrogen record of crust mantle interaction and mantle convection from Archean toEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 206, No. 3-4, pp. 397-410.MantleConvection
DS2003-1210
2003
Samuel, H., Farnetani, C.G.Thermochemical convection and helium concentrations in mantle plumesEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 207, 1-4, Feb. 28, pp. 39-56.MantleThermometry, Convection
DS2003-1391
2003
Trubitsyn, V.Cool, cratons and thermal blankets: how continents affect mantle convectionGeological Society of America, Annual Meeting Nov. 2-5, Abstracts p.152.MantleConvection
DS2003-1392
2003
Trubitsyn, V.P., Mooney, W.D., Abbott, D.H.Cold cratonic roots and thermal blankets: how continents affect mantle convectionInternational Geology Review, Vol. 45, 6, June pp. 479-96.MantleConvection, Geothermometry
DS200412-0013
2004
Albarede, F.High 3He 4He and solar Ne in OIB: should we wonder?Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 13th Goldschmidt Conference held Copenhagen Denmark, Vol. 68, 11 Supp. July, ABSTRACT p.A552.MantleConvection, models
DS200412-0017
2003
Al-Kindi, S., White, N., Sinha, M., England, R., Tiley, R.Crustal trace of a hot convective sheet.Geology, Vol. 31, 3, pp. 207-10.Europe, IcelandGeophysics - seismics Plumes, underplating, convection
DS200412-0361
2004
Cooper, C.M., Lenardic, A., Moresi, L.The thermal structure of stable continental lithosphere within a dynamic mantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 222, 3-4, June, 15, pp. 807-817.MantleConvection, heat flux, geothermometry
DS200412-0469
2004
Donnelly,K.E., Goldstein, S.L., Langmuir, C.H., Spiegelman, M.Origin of enriched ocean ridge basalts and implications for mantle dynamics.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 226, 3-4, Oct. 15, pp. 347-366.MantleE-MORB, geochemistry, isotope, trace, convective mixing
DS200412-0741
2004
Gubbins, D., Alfe, D., Masters, G., Price, G.D., Gillan, M.Gross thermodynamics of two component core convection.Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 157, 3, pp. 1407-1414.MantleConvection
DS200412-0841
2003
Hofman, A.W.Just add water.. new model why upper mantle is depleted of many trace elements.Nature, No. 6953, September 4, pp.24-25.MantleGeochemistry, convection, molten filter, discontinuity
DS200412-0883
2004
Ito, G., Mahoney, J.J.Hotspot and mid-ocean ridge basalt genesis from melting of a non-layered heterogeneous mantle.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 13th Goldschmidt Conference held Copenhagen Denmark, Vol. 68, 11 Supp. July, ABSTRACT p.A563.MantleConvection
DS200412-1036
2004
Korenaga, J.Mantle mixing and continental breakup magmatism.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 218, 3-4, Feb. 15, pp. 463-473.Atlantic Ocean, PangeaRifting, subduction, Igneous province, convection
DS200412-1037
2003
Korenaga, J., Jordan, T.H.Physics of multiscale convection in Earth's mantle: onset of sublithospheric convection.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, 2, 10.1029/2002 JB001760MantleConvection
DS200412-1038
2004
Korenaga, J., Jordan, T.H.Physics of multiscale convection in Earth's mantle: evolution of sublithospheric convection.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 109, B1, 10.1029/2003 JB002464MantleGeophysics - seismics, convection
DS200412-1115
2003
Lenardic, A., Moresi, L.N., Muhlhaus, H.Longevity and stability of cratonic lithosphere: insights from numerical simulations of coupled mantle convection and continentaJournal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, 6, 10.1029/2002 JB001859MantleConvection
DS200412-1396
2004
Nakagawa, T., Tackley, P.J.Effects of thermo-chemical mantle convection on the thermal evolution of the Earth's core.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 220, 1-2, March 30, pp. 107-119.MantleGeothermometry, core mantle boundary, convection
DS200412-2014
2003
Trubitsyn, V.Cool, cratons and thermal blankets: how continents affect mantle convection.Geological Society of America, Annual Meeting Nov. 2-5, Abstracts p.152.MantleConvection
DS200412-2154
2004
Xie, S., Tackley, P.J.Evolution of helium and argon isotopes in a convecting mantle.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 146, 3-4, pp. 417-439.MantleGeochronology, convection, radiogenic isotopes
DS200512-0179
2005
Coltice, N.The role of convective mixing in degassing the Earth's mantle.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 234, 1-2, pp. 15-25.MantleConvection, models
DS200512-0347
2005
Goes, S.Testing thermal whole mantle plumes seismically.Chapman Conference held in Scotland August 28-Sept. 1 2005, 1p. abstractMantleMantle plume, geophysics - seismics, convection
DS200512-0440
2005
Hofmeister, A.M., Criss, R.E.Heatflow and mantle convection in the triaxial Earth.Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms, pp. 289-302. ( total book 861p. $ 144.00)MantleConvection
DS200512-0448
2004
Houze, R.A.Mesoscale convective systems.Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 42, 4, dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004 RG00150MantleConvection
DS200512-0449
2005
Huang, J., Zhong, S.Sublithospheric small scale convection and its implications for the residual topography at old ocean basins and the plate model.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, B05404 doi:10.1029/2004 JB003153MantleConvection
DS200512-0467
2005
Ivanov, A.V.Plumes or reheated slabs?mantleplumes.org, 5p.MantleConvection
DS200512-0516
2004
Kerr, R.C., Meriaux, C.Structure and dynamics of sheared mantle plumes.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: G3, Vol. 5, pp. Q12009 10.1029/2004 GC000749MantleTectonophysics, geodynamics, convection
DS200512-0556
2005
Koglin, D.E.Jr., Ghias, S.R., King, S.D., Jarvis, G.T., Lowman, J.P.Mantle convection with reversing mobile plates: a benchmark study.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: G3, Vol. 6, doi. 10.1029/2005 GC000924MantleTectonics, convection
DS200512-0606
2005
Leahy, G.M., Bercovici, D.The influence of the transition zone water filter on convective circulation in the mantle.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31, 23, Dec. 16, DOI 10.1029/2004 GLO21206MantleConvection, water
DS200512-0710
2005
McNamara, A.K., Zhong, S.Degree mantle convection: dependence on internal heating and temperature dependent rheology.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, 1, Jan. 16, L01301 10.1029/2004 GLO21082MantleConvection
DS200512-0763
2004
Nakagawa, T., Tackley, P.J.Effects of perovskite-post perovskite phase change near core-mantle boundary in compressible mantle convection.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31, 16, L16611 DOI 10.1029/2004 GLO20648MantleConvection
DS200512-0807
2004
Oldham, D., Davies, J.H.Numerical investigation of layered convection in a three dimensional shell with application to planetary mantles.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: G3, Vol. 5, pp. Q12C04 10.1029/2004 GC000603MantleConvection, plumes
DS200512-0852
2005
Phillips, B.R., Bunge, H-P.Heterogeneity and time dependence in 3D spherical mantle convection models with continental drift.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 233, 1-2, April 30, pp. 121-135.Mantle, Asia, AntarcticaWilson cycle, convection, supercontinents
DS200512-0903
2004
Ricard, Y., Coltice, N.Geophysical and geochemical models of mantle convection: successes and future challenges.Geophysical Monograph, AGU, No. 150, pp. 59-68.MantleConvection, models
DS200512-1084
2005
Thompson, R.N., Ottley, C.J., Smith, P.M., Pearson, D.G., Dickin, A.P., Morrison, M.A., Leat, P.T., Gibson, S.A.Source of the Quaternary alkalic basalts, picrites and basanites of the Potrillo volcanic field, New Mexico, USA: lithosphere or convecting mantle?Journal of Petrology, Vol. 46, 8, pp. 1603-1643.United States, New Mexico, Colorado PlateauConvection
DS200512-1220
2004
Yoshida, M.Influence of two major phase transitions on mantle convection with moving and subducting plates.Earth Planets and Space, Vol. 56, 11, pp.1019-1033.MantleConvection
DS200612-0110
2006
Becker, T.W., Schulte-Pelkum, V., Blackman, D.K., Kellogg, J.B., O'Connell, R.J.Mantle flow under the western United States from shear wave splitting.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, in press availableUnited StatesGeophysics - seismics, tectonics, convection
DS200612-0171
2006
Brenker, F.E., Vollmer, C., Vincze, L., Vekemans, B., Szymanski, A., Janssens, K., Szaloki, I., Nasdala, L., Joswig, W., Kaminsky, F.CO2 recycling to the deep convecting mantle.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 70, 18, p. 1, abstract only.MantleConvection
DS200612-0316
2005
Davies, J.H.Steady plumes produced by downwellings in Earth like vigor spherical whole mantle convection models.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: G3, Vol. 6, Q12001 10.1029/2005 GC001042MantleConvection, hot spots, geothermometry
DS200612-0317
2006
Davies, J.H., Bunge, H-P.Are splash plumes the origin of minor hotspots?Geology, Vol.34, 5, May pp. 349-352.MantleConvection, hot spot
DS200612-0473
2006
Goncharov, M.A.Quantitative correlation between geodynamic systems and geodynamic cycles of various ranks.Geotectonics, Vol. 40, 2, Mar. pp. 83-100.MantleGeodynamics - geospheres, convection
DS200612-0483
2006
Gottschaldt, K.D., Walzer, U., Hendel, R.F., Stegman, D.R., Baumgartner, J.R., Muhlhaus, H.B.Stirring in 3 d spherical models of convection in the Earth's mantle.Philosophical Magazine, Vol. 86, no. 21-22, pp. 3175-3204.MantleConvection
DS200612-0496
2005
Gregoire, M., Rabonowicz, M., Janse, A.J.A.Mantle mush compaction: a key to understand the mechanisms of concentration of kimberlite melts and initiation of swarms of kimberlite dykes.Journal of Petrology, Vol. 47, 3, March, pp. 631-646,Africa, South Africa, Lesotho, BotswanaConvection, Kimberley, Rietfontein, Central Cape,Gibeon
DS200612-0596
2005
Hoink, T., Schmalzl, J., Hansen, U.Formation of compositional structures by sedimentation in vigorous convection.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 153, 1-3, pp. 11-20.MantleConvection, tectonics
DS200612-0690
2006
Kerrich, R., Polat, A.Archean greenstone tonalite duality: thermochemical mantle convection models or plate tectonics in the early Earth global dynamics?Tectonophysics, Vol. 415, 1-4, pp. 141-165.MantleGeothermometry, convection, plumes, arc volcanism
DS200612-0741
2006
Kovasc, I., Hermann, J., O'Neill, H.St.C.Water solubility in forsterite and enstatite: implications for the secular evolution of mantle convection.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 70, 18, p. 31. abstract only.MantleConvection
DS200612-0783
2006
Lee, C-T., Poudjom Djomani, Y.H., Rondenay, S.Geochemical and geophysical probing of continental dynamics.Goldschmidt Conference 16th. Annual, S5-03 theme abstract 1/8p. goldschmidt2006.orgMantleConvection
DS200612-0820
2006
Lin, S-C., Van Keken, P.E.Dynamics of thermochemical plumes: 1. plume formation and entrainment of a dense layer.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: G3, Vol. 7, Q02006MantleMineral chemistry - bulk. geodynamics, convection
DS200612-0952
2005
Muhlhaus, H-B., Regenauer-Lieb, K.Towards a self consistent plate mantle model that includes elasticity: simple benchmarks and application to basic modes of convection.Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 163, 2, Nov. pp. 788-800.MantleGeophysics - convection
DS200612-1185
2006
Ruedas, T.Dynamics, crustal thicknesses, seismic anomalies, and electrical conductivities in dry and hydrous ridge-centered plumes.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 155, 1-2, April 14, pp. 16-41.Mantle3 D convection, melting , geophysics, water
DS200612-1302
2006
Sim, B.L., Agterberg, F.P.A conceptual model for kimberlite emplacement by solitary interfacial mega-waves on the core mantle boundary.Journal of Geodynamics, Vol. 41, 5, July, pp. 451-461.MantleConvection, magnetics, D layer Rogue waves ULVZ
DS200612-1405
2005
Tackley, P.J., Xie, S., Nakagawa, T., Hernlund, J.W.Numerical and laboratory studies of mantle convection: philosphy, accomplishments and thermochemical structure and evolution.American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph, Ed. Van der Hilst, Earth's Deep Mantle, structure ...., No. 160, pp. 83-100.MantleConvection
DS200612-1433
2005
Tolstikhin, I.N., Kramers, J.D., Hofmann, A.W.A chemical Earth model with whole mantle convection: the importance of a core mantle boundary layer 'D' and its early formation.Chemical Geology, Vol. 226, 3-4, pp. 79-99.MantleConvection, model
DS200612-1447
2005
Tychkov, S.A., Chervov, V.V., Chernykh, G.G.Numerical modelling of 3D convection in the Earth's mantle.Russian Journal of Numerical Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, (Blackwell Science), Vol. 20, 5, pp. 483-500.MantleConvection
DS200612-1574
2006
Yoshida, M., Kageyama, A.Low degree mantle convection with strongly temperature and depth dependent viscosity in a three dimensional spherical shell.Journal of Geophysical Reesarch, Vol. 111, B3, B03412MantleGeophysics - seismics, convection
DS200612-1575
2005
Yoshida, M., Ogawa, M.Plume heat flow in a numerical model of mantle convection with moving plates.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 239, 3-4, pp. 276-285.MantleConvection
DS200712-0099
2007
Brandenburg, J.P., Van Keken, P.E.Deep storage of oceanic crust in a vigourously convecting mantle.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 112, B 6, B06403MantleConvection
DS200712-0100
2007
Brandenburg, J.P., Van Keken, P.E.Deep storage of oceanic crust in a vigorously convecting mantle.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 112, B6 B06403MantleConvection
DS200712-0195
2006
Coltice, N., Schmalzi, J.Mixing times in the mantle of the early Earth derived from 2-D and 3-D numerical simulations of convection.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 33, 23, Dec. 16, L23305.MantleConvection
DS200712-0239
2007
Deschamps, F., Tackley, P.J.The mode of mantle convection: exploring the model space and comparing with probabilistic tomography.Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms, 1p. abstract p. A219.MantleConvection
DS200712-0341
2007
Gait, A.D., Lowman, J.P.Time dependence in mantle convection models featuring dynamically evolving plates.Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 171, 1, October pp. 463-477.MantleConvection
DS200712-0342
2007
Gait, A.D., Lowman, J.P.Time dependence in mantle convection models featuring dynamically evolving plates.Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 171, 1, pp. 463-477.MantleConvection
DS200712-0384
2007
Grigne, C., Labrosse, S., Tackley, P.J.Convection under a lid of finite conductivity in wide aspect ratio models: effect of continents on the rate of mantle flow.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 112, B8, B08403MantleConvection
DS200712-0385
2007
Grigne, C., Labrosse, S., Tackley, P.J.Convection under a lid of finite conductivity in wide aspect ratio models: heat flux scaling and application to continents.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 112, B8, B08402MantleConvection
DS200712-0392
2007
Gubbins, D.Geomagnetic constraints on stratification at the top of Earth's core.Earth Planets and Space, Vol. 59, 7, pp. 661-664.MantleConvection
DS200712-0645
2006
Loddoch, A., Stein, C., Hansen, U.Temporal variations in the covective style of planetary mantles.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 251, 1-2, Nov. 15, pp. 79-89.MantleConvection
DS200712-0703
2007
Matyska, C., Yuen, D.A.Lower mantle material properties and convection models of multiscale plumes.Plates, plumes and Planetary Processes, pp. 137-164.MantleConvection
DS200712-0727
2006
Milhihaus, H.B., Davies, M., Moresi, L.Elasticity, yielding and episodicity in simple models of mantle convection.Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol. 163, 9, pp. 2031-2047.MantleConvection
DS200712-0760
2006
Muhlhaus, H.B., Davies, M., Moresi, L.Elasticity, yielding and epidocity in simple models of mantle convection.Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol. 163, 9, pp. 2031-2047.MantleConvection
DS200712-0778
2007
Netterfield, D., Lowman, J.P.The influence of plate like surface motion on upwelling dynamics in numerical mantle convection models.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 161, 3-4, pp. 184-201.MantleConvection
DS200712-1057
2007
Tagawa, M., Nakakuki, T., Kameyama, M., Tajima, F.The role of history dependent rheology in plate boundary lubrication for generating one-sided subduction.Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol. 164, 5, May pp. 879-907.MantleSubduction, convection
DS200712-1245
2007
Zhong, S., Zhang, N., Xiang Li, Z., Roberts, J.H.Supercontinent cycles, true polar wander, and very long wavelength mantle convection.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 261, 3-4, pp. 551-564.MantleConvection
DS200812-0326
2008
Ernst, W.G.Archean plate tectonics, rise of Proterozoic supercontinentality and onset of regional episodic stagnant lid behaviour.Gondwana Research, In press available, 11p.MantleConvection
DS200812-0377
2007
Gait, A.D., Lowman, J.P.Effect of lower mantle viscosity on the time dependence of plate velocities in three dimensional mantle convection models.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34, 21, Nov. 16, ppp. L21304-07.MantleConvection
DS200812-0403
2008
Ghias, S.R., Jarvis, G.T.Mantle convection models with temperature and depth dependent thermal expansivity.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, B8, B80408.MantleConvection
DS200812-0404
2008
Ghias, S.R., Jarvis, G.T.Mantle convection models with temperature and depth dependent thermal expansivity.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, August 15, B08408MantleConvection
DS200812-0481
2008
Hoink, T., Lenardic, A.Three dimensional mantle convection simulations with a low viscosity asthenosphere and the relationship between heat flow and the horizontal length scaleGeophysical Research Letters, Vol. 35, 10, May 28, L10304MantleConvection
DS200812-0489
2007
Huang, J., Davies, G.F.Geochemical processing in a three dimensional regional spherical shell model of mantle convection.Geochemical, Geophysics, Geosystems: G3, Vol. 8, 11, Nov. 22, 12p.MantleConvection
DS200812-0499
2008
Ihinger, P.D.Penetrative convection in Earth's mantle: reconciling geophysical and geochemical perspectives on mantle structure and evolution.Goldschmidt Conference 2008, Abstract p.A406.MantleConvection
DS200812-0543
2008
Kaneoka, I.On the degassing state and the chemical structure of the Earth's interior inferred from noble gas isotopes - past and recent views.Geochemical Journal, Vol. 42, 1, pp. 3-20.MantleNon-convection
DS200812-0630
2008
Landuyt, W., Bercovici, D., Ricard, Y.Plate generation and two phase damage theory in a model of mantle convection.Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 174, 3, pp. 1065-1080.MantleConvection
DS200812-0675
2008
Liu, L., Gurnis, M.Simultaneous inversion of mantle properties and initial conditions using an adjoint of mantle convection.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, B8405MantleConvection
DS200812-0676
2008
Liu, L., Gurnis, M.Simultanaeous inversion of mantle properties and initial conditions using an adjoint of mantle convection.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, B8, B80405.MantleConvection
DS200812-0732
2008
McDonough, W.F., Arevalo, R.J.Mantle convection and K/U.Goldschmidt Conference 2008, Abstract p.A613.MantleConvection
DS200812-0761
2007
Montagner, J.P., Marty, B., Stutzmann, E., Sicilia, D., Cara, M., Pik, R., Leveque, Roult, Beucier, DeBayleMantle upwellings and convective instabilities revealed by seismic tomography and helium isotope geochemistry beneath eastern Africa.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34, 21, Nov. 16, ppp. L21303.AfricaConvection
DS200812-0772
2008
Moucha, R., Forte, A.M., Rowley, D.B., Mitrovica, J.X., Simmons, N.A., Grand, S.P.Mantle convection and the recent evolution of the Colorado Plateau and the Rio Grande Rift valley.Geology, Vol. 36, 6, pp. 439-442.United States, Colorado PlateauConvection
DS200812-0813
2008
Ogawa, M.Mantle convection: a review.Fluid Dynamic Research, Vol. 40, 6, pp. 379-398.MantleConvection
DS200812-1014
2008
Schellart, W.P., Stegman, D.R., Freeman, J.Global trench migration velocities and slab migration induced upper mantle volume fluxes: constraints to find an Earth reference frame based on minimizing viscous dissipation.Earth Science Reviews, Vol. 88, 1-2, May pp. 118-144.MantlePlate tectonics - subduction, convection, hotspot
DS200812-1149
2008
Takaku, M., Fukao, Y.Fluid mechanical representation of plate boundaries in mantle convection modeling.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 166, 1-2, pp. 44-56.MantleConvection
DS200812-1185
2008
Trubitsyn, V., Kaban, M.K., Rothacher, M.Mechanical and thermal effects of floating continents on the global mantle convection.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 171, 1-4, pp. 313-322.MantleConvection
DS200812-1230
2008
Waltzer, U., Hendel, R.Mantle convection and evolution with growing continents.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, B09405.MantleConvection
DS200812-1231
2008
Walzer, U., Hendel, R.Mantle convection and evolution with growing continents.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, B9, B09405.MantleConvection
DS200912-0144
2009
Dale, C.W., Pearson, D.G., Starkey, N.A., Stuart, F.M., Ellam, R.M., Larsen, L.M., Fitton, J.G., Grousset, F.E.Osmium isotopes in Baffin Island and West Greenland picrites: implications for the 187 Os and 188 Os composition of the convection mantle and nature 3He/4heEarth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 278, 3-4, pp. 267-277.MantleConvection
DS200912-0297
2008
Hernlund, J.W., Tackley, P.J.Modelling mantle convection in the spherical annulus.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 171, 1-4, pp. 48-54.MantleConvection
DS200912-0406
2009
Korenaga, J.How does small scale convection manifest in surface heat flux?Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 287, 3-4, pp. 329-332.MantleConvection
DS200912-0587
2009
Phillips, B.R., Bunge, H-P., Schaber, K.True polar wander in mantle convection models with multiple, mobile continents.Gondwana Research, Vol. 15, 3-4, pp. 288-196.MantleConvection
DS200912-0625
2009
Richard, G.C., Bercovici, D.Water induced convection in the Earth's mantle transition zone.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 114, B1 B01205.MantleConvection
DS200912-0784
2009
Valencia, D., O'Connell, R.J.Convection scaling and subduction on Earth and super-Earths.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 286, 3-4, pp. 492-502.MantleConvection
DS200912-0853
2009
Zhang, N., Zhong, S., McNamara, A.K.Supercontinent formation from stochastic collision and mantle convection models.Gondwana Research, Vol. 15, 3-4, pp. 267-275.MantleConvection
DS201012-0011
2010
Armitage, J.J., Allen, P.A.Cratonic basins and the long term subsidence history of continental interiors.Journal of the Geological Society, Vol. 167, 1, pp. 61-70.MantleConvection
DS201012-0315
2010
Iwamori, H., Albarede, F., Nakamura, H.Global structure of mantle isotopic heterogeneity and its implications for mantle differentiation and convection.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 299, 3-4, pp. 339-351.MantleConvection
DS201012-0425
2010
Lassak, T.M., McNamara, A.K., Garnero, E.J., Zhong, S.Core mantle boundary topography as a possible constraint on lower mantle chemistry and dynamics.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 289, pp. 232-241.MantleConvection, plumes
DS201012-0876
2010
Yoshida, M.Preliminary three dimensional model of mantle convection with deformable, mobile continental lithosphere.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 295, 1-2, pp. 205-218.MantleConvection
DS201112-0001
2011
Abdelsalam, M.G., Gao, S.S., Liegeois, J-P.Upper mantle structure of the Sahara metacraton.Journal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 60, 5, pp. 328-336.AfricaUpper mantle structure, convection
DS201112-0136
2011
Cambiott, G., Ricard, Y., Sabadini, R.R.New insights into mantle convection true polar wander and rotational bulge readjustment.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 310, 3-4, pp. 538-543.MantleConvection
DS201112-0195
2011
Collerson, K., Williams, Q., Ewart, A.E., Murphy, D.Generation of HIMU and EM-1 reservoirs by CO2 fluxed lower mantle melting: implications for OIBs, kimberlites and carbonatites.Goldschmidt Conference 2011, abstract p.689.MantleConvection, geochronology
DS201112-0197
2011
Collins, W.J., Belousova, E.A., Kemp, A.I.S., Murphy, J.B.Two contrasting Phanerozoic orogenic systems revealed by hafnium isotope data.Nature Geoscience, Vol. 4, pp. 333-335.MantleConvection
DS201112-0415
2011
Hartley, R.A., Roberts, G.G., White, N., Ricgardson, C.Transient convective uplift of an ancient buried landscale.Nature Geoscience, in press availableMantle, Europe, ScotlandConvection
DS201112-0451
2011
Horstemeyer, M.F., Bammann, D.J., Baumgardner, J.R.Two dimensional mantle convection simulations using an internal state variable model: the role of a history dependent rheology on mantle convection.Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 186, 3, pp. 945-962.MantleConvection
DS201112-0751
2011
Obuchi, T., Karato, S-I., Fujino, K.Strength of single crystal orthopyroxene under lithospheric conditions.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 161, pp. 961-975.MantleConvection
DS201112-0905
2011
Sandu, C., Lenardic, A., O'Neill, C.J., Cooper, C.M.Earth's evolving stress state and the past, present, and future stability of cratonic lithosphere.International Geology Review, In press, availableMantleConvection
DS201112-0948
2011
Sherburn, J.A., Horstemeyer, M.F., Bammann, D.J., Baumgartner, J.R.Two dimensional mantle convection simulations using an internal state variable model: the role of a history dependent rheology on mantle convection.Geophysical Journal International, In press availableMantleConvection
DS201112-0990
2011
Spengler, D., Nishihara, Y., Fujino, K.Super Si garnet breakdown kinetics and implications for craton evolution.Goldschmidt Conference 2011, abstract p.1921.MantleConvection
DS201112-1022
2011
Tackley, P.J.Dynamics and evolution of the deep mantle resulting from thermal, chemical, phase and melting effects.Earth Science Reviews, in press available,MantleConvection, boundary, D'
DS201112-1039
2011
Thompson, D.A., Helffich, G., Bastow, L.D., Kendall, J-M., Wookey, J., Eaton, D.W., Snyder, D.B.Implications of a simple mantle transition zone beneath cratonic North America.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 312, pp. 28-36.Canada, United StatesCraton, convective flow
DS201112-1101
2011
Wang, K-L., O'Reilly, S.Y., Griffin, W.L., Pearson, N.J., Kovach, V., Yarmolyuk, V.Primordial ages of lithospheric mantle vs ancient relicts in the asthenospheric mantle: in situ Os perspective.Goldschmidt Conference 2011, abstract p.2121.Russia, MongoliaConvection
DS201112-1141
2011
Yoshida, M., Santosh, M.Future supercontinent assembled in the northern hemisphere.Terra Nova, Vol. 23. 5, pp. 283-348.MantleConvection, density anomaly
DS201201-0855
2011
Lowman, J.P., King, S.D., Trim, S.J.The influence of plate boundary motion on platform in viscosity stratified mantle convection models.Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 116, B12, B12402.MantleConvection
DS201212-0071
2012
Biggin, A.J., Steinberger, B., Aubert, J., Suttle, N., Holme, R., Torsvik, H., Van der Meer, D.G., Van Hinsbergen, J.J.Possible links between long term geomagnetic variations and whole mantle convection processes.Nature Geoscience, Vol. 5, pp. 526-533.MantleConvection
DS201212-0072
2012
Birger, B.I.Transient creep and convective instability of the lithosphere.Geophysical Journal International, in press availableMantleCraton, geodynamics, convection
DS201212-0073
2012
Birger, B.I.Transient creep and convective instability of the lithosphere.Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 191, 3, pp. 909-922.MantleConvection
DS201212-0102
2012
Calkins, M.A., Noir, J., Eldredge, J.D., Aurmou, J.M.The effects of boundary topography on convection in Earth's core.Geophysical Journal International, in press availableMantleConvection
DS201212-0103
2012
Calkins, M.A., Noir, J., Eldredge, J.D., Aurnou, J.M.The effects of boundary topography on convection in Earth's core.Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 189, 2, pp. 799-814.MantleConvection
DS201212-0165
2012
Dobson, D., Ammann, M., Tackley, P.The grain size of the lower mantle.emc2012 @ uni-frankfurt.de, 1p. AbstractMantleConvection
DS201212-0251
2012
Golle, O., Dumoulin, C., Choblet, G., Cadek, O.Topography and geoid induced by a convecting mantle beneath an elastic lithosphere.Geophysical Journal International, in press availableMantleConvection
DS201212-0283
2012
Hardebol, N.J., Pysklywec, R.N., Stephenson, R.Small scale convection at a continental back arc to craton transition: application to the southern Canadian Cordillera.Journal of Geophysical Research,, Vol. 117, B1, B01408.Canada, British ColumbiaConvection
DS201212-0304
2012
Hoink, T., Lenardic, A., Richards, M.Depth dependent viscosity and mantle stress amplification: implicaions for the role of the asthenosphere in maintaining plate tectonics.Geophysical Journal International, in press availableMantleConvection
DS201212-0382
2012
Kronbichler, M., Heister, T., Bangeth, W.High accuracy mantle convection simulation through numerical methods.Geophysical Journal International, in press availableMantleConvection
DS201212-0634
2012
Shahraki, M., Schmeling, H.Plume induced geoid anomalies from 2D axi-symmetric temperature and pressure dependent mantle convection models.Journal of Geodynamics, Vol. 59-60, pp. 193-206.MantleConvection
DS201212-0707
2012
Stracke, A.Earth's heterogeneous mantle: a product of convection driven interaction between crust and mantle.Chemical Geology, Vol. 330-331. Nov. 10, pp. 274-299.MantleConvection
DS201212-0779
2012
Wigginton, N.S.Hitching a ride into the mantle. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 39, L17301MantleConvection
DS201212-0807
2012
Yoshida, M.Dynamic role of the rheological contrast between cratonic and oceanic lithospheres in the longevity of cratonic lithosphere: a three dimensional numerical study.Tectonophysics, Vol. 532-535, pp. 156-166.MantleConvection
DS201312-0113
2013
Burstedde, C., Stadler,G., Alisic, L., Wilcox, L.C., Tan, E.,Gurnis, M., Ghattas, O.Large scale adaptive mantle convection simulation.Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 192, no. 3, pp. 889-906.MantleConvection
DS201312-0397
2014
Carlson, R.W., Garnero, E., Harrison, T.M., Li, J., Manga, M., McDonough, W.F., Mukhopadhyay, S., Romanowicz, B., Rubie, D., Williams, Q., Zhong, S.Deep time: how did the early Earth become our modern world?Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Vol. 42, pp. 151-178.MantleConvection, composition
DS201312-0202
2013
DeBaille, V., O'Neill, C., Brandon, A.D., Haenecour, P., Yin, Q-Z., Mattielli, N., Trieman, A.H.Stagnant lid tectonics in early Earth revealed bu 142 Nd variations in late Archean rocks.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 373, pp. 83-92.MantleConvection
DS201312-0257
2013
Faccenna, C., Becker, T.W., Jolivet, L., Keskin, M.Mantle convection in the Middle East: reconciling Afar upwelling, Arabia indentation and Aegean trench rollback.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 375, pp. 254-269.Asia, ArabiaConvection
DS201312-0283
2013
Fujita, K., Ogawa, M.A preliminary numerical study on water-circulation in convecting mantle with magmatism and tectonic plates.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 216, pp. 1-11.MantleMagmatism, Convection
DS201312-0452
2013
Kameyama, M., Kinoshita, Y.On the stability of thermal stratification of highly compressible fluids with depth dependent physical properties: implications for the mantle convection.Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 195, 3, pp. 1443-1454.MantleConvection
DS201312-0628
2013
Nance, R.D., Murphy, J.B.Origins of the supercontinent cycle.Geoscience Frontiers, Vol. 4, pp. 439-448.MantleConvection
DS201312-0882
2013
Stein, C., Lowman, J.P., Hansen, U.The influence of mantle internal heating on lithospheric mobility: implications for super-Earths.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 361, pp. 448-459.MantleConvection
DS201312-0901
2013
Tappe, S., Pearson, D.G., Kjarsgaard, B.A., Nowell, G., Dowall, D.Mantle transition zone input to kimberlite magmatism near a subduction zone: origin of anomalous Nd-Hf isotope systematics at Lac de Gras, Canada.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 371-372, pp. 235-251.Canada, Northwest TerritoriesGeochronology, convection
DS201312-0934
2013
Van Heck, H., Davies, J.H.Novel particle method for modelling melt generated heterogeneity in spherical mantle convection models.Goldschmidt 2013, 1p. AbstractMantleConvection
DS201312-0972
2013
Wigginton, N.S.Reconstructing plate tectonics.Science, Vol. 341, no. 6152, p. 1321. Sept. 20MantleConvection, composition
DS201312-0997
2013
Yoshida, M., Santosh, M.Mantle convection modeling of the the supercontinent cycle: introversion, extroversion or a combination?Geoscience Frontiers, in press availableMantleConvection
DS201412-0048
2014
Bello, L., Coltice, N., Rolf, T., Tackley, P.J.On the predictability limit of convection models of the Earth's mantle.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: G3, Vol. 15, 6, pp. 2319-2328.MantleConvection
DS201412-0279
2014
Geology pageEarth's mantle plasticity explained. ( precis of Nature article)geologypage.com, 1p. AbstractMantleConvection
DS201412-0615
2014
Nauheimer, G., Fradkov, A.S., Neugebaurer, H.J.Mantle convection behaviour with segregation in the core-mantle boundary.Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 23, 16, pp. 2061-2064.MantleConvection
DS201412-0616
2014
Nebel, O., Campbell, I.H., Sossi, P.A.Hafnium and iron isotopes in early Archean komatiites record a plume driven convection cycle in the Hadean Earth.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 397, pp. 111-120.MantleConvection
DS201412-0674
2014
Perepechko, Yu.V., Sharapov, V.N.Conditions of appearance of the asthenospheric layer under upper mantle convection.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 457, 1, pp. 901-904.MantleConvection
DS201412-0884
2014
Stein, C., Lowman, J.P., Hansen, U.A comparison of mantle convection models featuring plates.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: G3, Vol. 15, 6, pp. 2689-2698.MantleConvection
DS201412-1010
2014
Yoshida, M.A new conceptual model for whole mantle convection and the origin of hotspot plumes.Journal of Geodynamics, Vol. 78, pp. 32-41.MantleConvection
DS201505-0254
2015
Ballmer, M.D., Conrad, C.P., Smith, E.I., Johnsen, R.Intraplate volcanism at the edges of the Colorado Plateau sustained by a combination of triggered edge-driven convection and shear-driven upwelling.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: G3, Vol. 16, 2, pp. 366-379.United States, Colorado PlateauConvection

Abstract: Although volcanism in the southwestern United States has been studied extensively, its origin remains controversial. Various mechanisms such as mantle plumes, upwelling in response to slab sinking, and small-scale convective processes have been proposed, but have not been evaluated within the context of rapidly shearing asthenosphere that is thought to underlie this region. Using geodynamic models that include this shear, we here explore spatiotemporal patterns of mantle melting and volcanism near the Colorado Plateau. We show that the presence of viscosity heterogeneity within an environment of asthenospheric shearing can give rise to decompression melting along the margins of the Colorado Plateau. Our models indicate that eastward shear flow can advect pockets of anomalously low viscosity toward the edges of thickened lithosphere beneath the plateau, where they can induce decompression melting in two ways. First, the arrival of the pockets critically changes the effective viscosity near the plateau to trigger small-scale edge-driven convection. Second, they can excite shear-driven upwelling (SDU), in which horizontal shear flow becomes redirected upward as it is focused within the low-viscosity pocket. We find that a combination of “triggered” edge-driven convection and SDU can explain volcanism along the margins of the Colorado Plateau, its encroachment toward the plateau's southwestern edge, and the association of volcanism with slow seismic anomalies in the asthenosphere. Geographic patterns of intraplate volcanism in regions of vigorous asthenospheric shearing may thus directly mirror viscosity heterogeneity of the sublithospheric mantle.
DS201507-0322
2015
Liu, J., Scott, J.M., Martin, C.E., Pearson, D.G.The longevity of Archean mantle residues in the convecting upper mantle and their role in young continent formation.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 424, pp. 109-118.MantleConvection
DS201508-0357
2015
Hassan, R., Flament, N., Gurnis, M., Bower, D.J., Muller, D.Provenance of plumes in global convection models.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: G3, Vol. 16, 5m pp. 1465-1489.AfricaConvection
DS201508-0381
2015
Whitehead, J.A., Behn, M.D.The continental drift convection cell. Wilson Cycle)Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, 11, June 16, pp. 4301-4308.GlobalConvection
DS201511-1832
2015
Doglioni, C., Anderson, D.L.Top-driven asymmetric mantle convection.Geological Society of America Special Paper, No. 514, pp. SPE514-05.MantleConvection

Abstract: The role of decoupling in the low-velocity zone is crucial for understanding plate tectonics and mantle convection. Mantle convection models fail to integrate plate kinematics and thermodynamics of the mantle. In a first gross estimate, we computed at >300 km3/yr the volume of the plates lost along subduction zones. Mass balance predicts that slabs are compensated by broad passive upwellings beneath oceans and continents, passively emerging at oceanic ridges and backarc basins. These may correspond to the broad low-wavespeed regions found in the upper mantle by tomography. However, west-directed slabs enter the mantle more than three times faster (?232 km3/yr) than in the opposite east- or northeast-directed subduction zones (?74 km3/yr). This difference is consistent with the westward drift of the outer shell relative to the underlying mantle, which accounts for the steep dip of west-directed slabs, the asymmetry between flanks of oceanic ridges, and the directions of ridge migration. The larger recycling volumes along west-directed subduction zones imply asymmetric cooling of the underlying mantle and that there is an "easterly" directed component of the upwelling replacement mantle. In this model, mantle convection is tuned by polarized decoupling of the advecting and shearing upper boundary layer. Return mantle flow can result from passive volume balance rather than only by thermal buoyancy-driven upwelling.
DS201602-0187
2015
Agrusta, R., Tommasi, A., Arcay, D., Gonzalez, A., Gerya, T.How partial melting affects small-scale convection in a plume-fed sublithospheric layer beneath fast-moving plates.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: G3, Vol. 16, 11, Nov. pp. 3924-3945.MantleConvection

Abstract: Numerical models show that small-scale convection (SSC) occurring atop a mantle plume is a plausible mechanism to rejuvenate the lithosphere. The triggering of SSC depends on the density contrast and on the rheology of the unstable layer underlying the stagnant upper part of the thermal boundary layer (TBL). Partial melting may change both properties. We analyze, using 2-D numerical simulations, how partial melting influences the dynamics of time-dependent SSC instabilities and the resulting thermo-mechanical rejuvenation of an oceanic plate moving atop of a plume. Our simulations show a complex behavior, with acceleration, no change, or delay of the SSC onset, due to competing effects of the latent heat of partial melting, which cools the plume material, and of the buoyancy increase associated with both melt retention and depletion of residue following melt extraction. The melt-induced viscosity reduction is too localized to affect significantly SSC dynamics. Faster SSC triggering is promoted for low melting degrees (low plume temperature anomalies, thick lithosphere, or fast moving plates), which limit both the temperature reduction due to latent heat of melting and the accumulation of depleted buoyant residue in the upper part of the unstable layer. In contrast, high partial melting degrees lead to a strong temperate decrease due to latent heat of melting and development of a thick depleted layer within the sublithospheric convecting layer, which delay the development of gravitational instabilities. Despite differences in SSC dynamics, the thinning of the lithosphere is not significantly enhanced relatively to simulations that neglect partial melting.
DS201606-1081
2016
Dahl, T.W.Identifiying remnants of early Earth.Science, Vol. 352, 6287, May 13, pp. 768-769.MantleDynamics - convection

Abstract: The chemical composition of Earth's mantle can tell us how our planet formed and how subsequent mantle dynamics have since homogenized the mantle through convective processes. Most terrestrial rocks have a similar tungsten (W) isotope composition (1), but some rocks that have been dated at 2.8 Ga (billion years old) (2), 3.8 Ga (3), and 3.96 Ga (4) have elevated 182W/184W ratios. This is reported as µ182W, in parts per million (ppm) deviation from the bulk silicate Earth. Until now, the outliers have included only these ancient rock samples with a small µ182W excess (?15 ppm) that can be attributed to the final ?0.5% of Earth's mass that accreted late in its accretion history. On page 809 of this issue, Rizo et al. (5) report W isotope data from young mantle-derived rocks with µ182W excesses of 10 to 48 ppm. This result is spectacular because the range of µ182W values in mantle-derived rocks is larger than can be accommodated by late accretion; the implication is that remnants of Earth's earliest mantle have been preserved over the entirety of Earth's history.
DS201610-1854
2016
Crameri, F., Tackley, P.J.Subduction initiation from a stagnant lid and global overturn: new insights from numerical models with a free surface.Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, Open accessMantleConvection, geodynamics

Abstract: Subduction initiation is a key in understanding the dynamic evolution of the Earth and its fundamental difference to all other rocky planetary bodies in our solar system. Despite recent progress, the question about how a stiff, mostly stagnant planetary lid can break and become part in the global overturn of the mantle is still unresolved. Many mechanisms, externally or internally driven, are proposed in previous studies. Here, we present the results on subduction initiation obtained by dynamically self-consistent, time-dependent numerical modelling of mantle convection. We show that the stress distribution and resulting deformation of the lithosphere are strongly controlled by the top boundary formulation: A free surface enables surface topography and plate bending, increases gravitational sliding of the plates and leads to more realistic, lithosphere-scale shear zones. As a consequence, subduction initiation induced by regional mantle flow is demonstrably favoured by a free surface compared to the commonly applied, vertically fixed (i.e. free-slip) surface. In addition, we present global, three-dimensional mantle convection experiments that employ basal heating that leads to narrow mantle plumes. Narrow mantle plumes impinging on the base of the plate cause locally weak plate segments and a large topography at the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. Both are shown to be key to induce subduction initiation. Finally, our model self-consistently reproduces an episodic lid with a fast global overturn due to the hotter mantle developed below a former stagnant lid. We conclude that once in a stagnant-lid mode, a planet (like Venus) might preferentially evolve by temporally discrete, global overturn events rather than by a continuous recycling of lid and that this is something worth testing more rigorously in future studies.
DS201610-1920
2016
Yoshida, M.Formation of a future supercontinent through plat motion-driven flow coupled with mantle downwellng flow.Geology, Vol. 44, 9, pp. 755-758.MantleCycles, convection

Abstract: Series of high-resolution numerical simulations of three-dimensional mantle convection were performed to examine the interaction between the drifting continental lithospheres and the underlying mantle structure for 250 m.y. from the present, and to predict the configuration of the future supercontinent. The density anomaly of the mantle interior was determined by the seismic velocity anomaly from global seismic tomography data sets, which contain well-resolved subducting slabs. The present-day plate motion was imposed for the first stage of the simulation as a velocity boundary condition at the top surface boundary, instead of a shear stress-free condition. The switching time from the plate motion boundary to shear stress-free conditions was taken as a free parameter. The results revealed that Australia, Eurasia, North America, and Africa will merge together in the Northern Hemisphere to form a new supercontinent within ?250 m.y. from the present. The continental drift was assumed to be realized by plate-scale mantle flow, rather than large-scale upwelling plumes. That is, continuously moving plates at the surface for the first stage of the simulation are mechanically coupled with the subducting slabs in the mantle; this enhances the underlying mantle downwelling flow. As a result, persistent continental drift can be reproduced for long future time periods even though top surface boundary conditions may switch in response to shear stress-free conditions. The configuration of the numerically reproduced future supercontinent in this study is broadly consistent with the hypothetical model of Amasia as indicated by previous findings from geological correlations and a paleogeographic reconstruction.
DS201611-2102
2016
Currie, C.A., van Wijk, J.How craton margins are preserved: insights from geodynamic models.Journal of Geodynamics, Vol. 100, pp. 144-158.MantleConvection

Abstract: Lateral variations in lithosphere thickness are observed in many continental regions, especially at the boundary between the ancient cratonic core and the adjacent more juvenile lithosphere. In some places, such as the North America craton margin in western Canada and the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone in northern Europe, the transition in lithosphere thickness has a steep gradient (>45°) and it appears to be a long-lived feature (at least 50 Ma). We use thermal-mechanical numerical models to address the dynamics of lithospheric thickness changes on timescales of 100 Ma. Models start with the juxtaposition of 60 km thick lithosphere ("mobile belt") and 160 km thick lithosphere ("craton"). In the reference model, all mantle materials have a damp olivine rheology and a density comparable to primitive mantle. With this configuration, edge-driven mantle convection occurs at the craton boundary, resulting in a lateral smoothing of the thickness transition. The density and rheology of the craton mantle lithosphere are then varied to approximate changes in composition and water content. For all densities, a steep transition is maintained only if the craton strength is 5-50 times stronger than the reference damp olivine. If dry olivine is an upper limit on strength, only cratonic mantle with moderate compositional buoyancy (20-40 kg/m3 less dense than primitive mantle) remains stable. At higher densities, the thick lithosphere is eroded through downwellings, and the craton margin migrates inboard. Conversely, a compositionally buoyant craton destabilises through lateral spreading below the mobile belt.
DS201612-2288
2016
Chuvashova, I., Rasskazov, S., Yasnygina, T.Mid-Miocene thermal impact on the lithosphere by sub-lithospheric convective mantle material: transition from high- to moderate MG magmatism beneath Vitim Plateau, Siberia.Geoscience Frontiers, in press availableRussia, SiberiaConvection

Abstract: High-Mg lavas are characteristic of the mid-Miocene volcanism in Inner Asia. In the Vitim Plateau, small volume high-Mg volcanics erupted at 16-14 Ma, and were followed with voluminous moderate-Mg lavas at 14-13 Ma. In the former unit, we have recorded a sequence of (1) initial basaltic melts, contaminated by crustal material, (2) uncontaminated high-Mg basanites and basalts of transitional (K-Na-K) compositions, and (3) picrobasalts and basalts of K series; in the latter unit a sequence of (1) initial basalts and basaltic andesites of transitional (Na-K-Na) compositions and (2) basalts and trachybasalts of K-Na series. From pressure estimation, we infer that the high-Mg melts were derived from the sub-lithospheric mantle as deep as 150 km, unlike the moderate-Mg melts that were produced at the shallow mantle. The 14-13 Ma rock sequence shows that initial melts equilibrated in a garnet-free mantle source with subsequently reduced degree of melting garnet-bearing material. No melting of relatively depleted lithospheric material, evidenced by mantle xenoliths, was involved in melting, however. We suggest that the studied transition from high- to moderate-Mg magmatism was due to the mid-Miocene thermal impact on the lithosphere by hot sub-lithospheric mantle material from the Transbaikalian low-velocity (melting) domain that had a potential temperature as high as 1510 °?. This thermal impact triggered rifting in the lithosphere of the Baikal Rift Zone.
DS201701-0019
2016
Kumari, S., Paul, D., Stracke, A.Open system models of isotopic implications for crustal growth and mantle heterogeneity.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 195, pp. 142-157.MantleConvection
DS201706-1084
2017
Khlebopros, R.G., Zakhvataev, V.E., Gabuda, S.P., Kozlova, S.G., Slepkov, V.A.Possible mantle phase transitions by the formation of Si02 peroxides: implications for mantle convection.Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 473, 2, pp. 416-418.Mantleconvection

Abstract: On the basis of quantum-chemical calculations of the linear to isomeric bent transition of the SiO2 molecule, it is suggested that the bent to linear transition of SiO2 forms can occur in melted mantle minerals of the lower mantle. This may be important for the formation of the peculiarities of mantle convection and origination of plumes.
DS201709-2016
2017
Kjarsgaard, B.A., Heaman, L.M., Sarkar, C., Pearson, D.G.The North American mid-Cretaceous kimberlite corridor: wet, edge-driven decompression melting of an OIB-type deep mantle source.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: G3, Vol. 18, 7, pp. 2727-2747.Canada, Somerset Island, Saskatchewan, United States, Kansasmagmatism, convection, diamond genesis

Abstract: Thirty new high-precision U-Pb perovskite and zircon ages from kimberlites in central North America delineate a corridor of mid-Cretaceous (115–92 Ma) magmatism that extends ?4000 km from Somerset Island in Arctic Canada through central Saskatchewan to Kansas, USA. The least contaminated whole rock Sr, Nd, and Hf isotopic data, coupled with Sr isotopic data from groundmass perovskite indicates an exceptionally limited range in Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions, clustering at the low ?Nd end of the OIB array. These isotopic compositions are distinct from other studied North American kimberlites and point to a sublithospheric source region. This mid-Cretaceous kimberlite magmatism cannot be related to mantle plumes associated with the African or Pacific large low-shear wave velocity province (LLSVP). All three kimberlite fields are adjacent to strongly attenuated lithosphere at the edge of the North American craton. This facilitated edge-driven convection, a top-down driven processes that caused decompression melting of the transition zone or overlying asthenosphere. The inversion of ringwoodite and/or wadsleyite and release of H2O, with subsequent metasomatism and synchronous wet partial melting generates a hot CO2 and H2O-rich protokimberlite melt. Emplacement in the crust is controlled by local lithospheric factors; all three kimberlite fields have mid-Cretaceous age, reactivated major deep-seated structures that facilitated kimberlite melt transit through the lithosphere.
DS201710-2225
2017
Ernst, W.G.Earth's thermal evolution, mantle convection, and Hadean onset of plate tectonics.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, Vol. 145, pt. B, pp. 334-348.Mantleconvection, tectonics

Abstract: During Solar System condensation, the early Earth formed through planetesimal accretion, including collision of a Mars-sized asteroid. These processes rapidly increased the overall thermal budget and partial fusion of the planet. Aided by heat supplied by radioactivity and infall of the Fe-Ni core, devolatilization and chemical-density stratification attended planetary growth. After the thermal maximum at ?4.4 Ga, terrestrial temperatures gradually declined as an early Hadean magma ocean solidified. By ?4.3-4.2 Ga, H2O oceans + a dense CO2-rich atmosphere blanketed the terrestrial surface. Near-surface temperatures had fallen well below the low-P solidi of dry peridotite, basalt, and granite, ?1300, ?1120, and ?950 °C, respectively. At less than half their melting T, rocky materials existed as thin lithospheric platelets in the surficial Hadean Earth. Upper mantle stagnant-lid convection may have operated locally, but was rapidly overwhelmed by heat build-up-induced asthenospheric circulation, rifting and subduction, because massive heat transfer required vigorous mantle overturn in the early, hot planet. Bottom-up mantle overturn, involving abundant plume ascent, brought deep-seated heat to the surface. It decreased over time as cooling, plate enlargement, and top-down plate descent increased. Thickening, lateral extension, and contraction typified the post-Hadean lithosphere. Geologic evolutionary stages included: (a) ?4.5-4.4 Ga, the magma ocean solidified, generating ephemeral, ductile platelets; (b) ?4.4-2.7 Ga, small oceanic and continental plates were produced, then were destroyed by mantle return flow before ?4.0 Ga; eventually, continental material began to accumulate as largely subsea, sialic crust-capped lithospheric collages; (c) ?2.7-1.0 Ga, progressive suturing of old shields and younger orogenic belts led to cratonal plates typified by emerging continental freeboard, intense sedimentary differentiation, and episodic glaciation during transpolar plate drift; temporally limited stagnant-lid mantle convection occurred beneath growing supercontinents; (d) ?1.0 Ga-present, laminar-flowing mantle cells are capped by giant, stately moving plates. Near-restriction of komatiitic lavas to the Archean, and formation of multicycle sediments, ophiolite complexes ± alkaline igneous rocks, and high-pressure/ultrahigh-pressure (HP/UHP) metamorphic belts in youngest Proterozoic and Phanerozoic orogens reflect increasing density of cool oceanic plates, but decreasing subductability of enlarging, more buoyant continental plates. Attending assembly of supercontinents, negative buoyancy of thickening oceanic lithosphere began to control the overturn of suboceanic mantle as cold, top-down convection. The scales and dynamics of hot asthenospheric upwelling versus plate foundering and mantle return flow (bottom-up plume ascent versus top-down plate subduction) evolved gradually, due to planetary cooling. After accretion of the Earth, heat transfer through mantle convection has resulted in the existence of surficial rocky plates or platelets, and vigorous, lithosphere-coupled mantle overturn since ?4.4 Ga. Thus plate-tectonic processes have typified the Earth’s thermal history since Hadean time.
DS201801-0015
2018
Friedrich, A.M., Bunge, H-P., Rieger, S.M., Ghelichkhan, S., Nerlich, R.Stratigraphic framework for the plume mode of mantle convection and the analysis of inter regional unconformities on geological maps.Gondwana Research, Vol. 53, 1, pp. 159-188.Mantleconvection

Abstract: Mantle convection is a fundamental planetary process. Its plate mode is established and expressed by plate tectonics. Its plume mode also is established and expressed by interregional geological patterns. We developed both an event-based stratigraphic framework to illustrate the surface effects predicted by the plume model of Griffiths et al. (1989) and Griffiths and Campbell (1990) and a methodology to analyze continent-scale geological maps based on unconformities and hiatuses. The surface expression of ascending plumes lasts for tens-of-millions-of-years and rates vary over a few million years. As the plume ascends, its surface expression narrows, but increases in amplitude, leaving distinct geological and stratigraphic patterns in the geologic record, not only above the plume-head center, but also above its margins and in distal regions a few thousands-of-kilometers from the center. To visualize these patterns, we constructed sequential geological maps, chronostratigraphic sections, and hiatus diagrams. Dome-uplift with erosion (?engör, 2001) and the flood basalts (Duncan and Richards, 1991; Ernst and Buchan, 2001a) are diagnostic starting points for plume-stratigraphic analyses. Mechanical collapse of the dome results in narrow rifting (Burke and Dewey, 1973), drainage-network reorganization (Cox, 1989), and flood-basalt eruption. In the marginal region, patterns of vertical movement, deformation and surface response are transient and complex. At first, the plume margin is uplifted together with the central region, but then it subsides as the plume ascents farther; With plume-head flattening, the plume margin experiences renewed outward-migrating surface uplift, erosion, broad crustal faulting, and drainage reorganization. Knickpoint migration occurs first inward-directed at ˝ the rate of plume ascent and later outward-directed at the rate of asthenospheric flow. Interregional-scale unconformity-bounded stratigraphic successions document the two inversions. The distal regions, which did not experience any plume-related uplift, yield complete sedimentary records of the event; Event-related time gaps (hiatuses) in the sedimentary record increase towards the center, but the event horizon is best preserved in the distal region; it may be recognized by tracing its contacts from the center outwards. We extracted system- and series-hiatuses from interregional geological maps and built hiatus maps as proxies for paleo-dynamic topography and as a basis for comparison with results from numerical models. Interregional-scale geological maps are well suited to visualize plume-related geological records of dynamic topography in continental regions. However, geological records and hiatus information at the resolution of stages will be needed at interregional scales. The plume-stratigraphic framework is event-based, interregional, but not global, with time-dependent amplitudes that are significantly larger than those of global eustatic sea-level fluctuations. Global stratigraphic syntheses require integration of plate- and plume-stratigraphic frameworks before eustatic contributions may be assessed.
DS201805-0936
2018
Bocher, M., Fournier, A., Coltice, N.Ensemble Kalman filter for the reconstruction of the Earth's mantle circulation.Nonlinear Processes Geophysics, Vol. 25, pp. 99-123. pdfMantleconvection

Abstract: Recent advances in mantle convection modeling led to the release of a new generation of convection codes, able to self-consistently generate plate-like tectonics at their surface. Those models physically link mantle dynamics to surface tectonics. Combined with plate tectonic reconstructions, they have the potential to produce a new generation of mantle circulation models that use data assimilation methods and where uncertainties in plate tectonic reconstructions are taken into account. We provided a proof of this concept by applying a suboptimal Kalman filter to the reconstruction of mantle circulation (Bocher et al., 2016). Here, we propose to go one step further and apply the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to this problem. The EnKF is a sequential Monte Carlo method particularly adapted to solve high-dimensional data assimilation problems with nonlinear dynamics. We tested the EnKF using synthetic observations consisting of surface velocity and heat flow measurements on a 2-D-spherical annulus model and compared it with the method developed previously. The EnKF performs on average better and is more stable than the former method. Less than 300 ensemble members are sufficient to reconstruct an evolution. We use covariance adaptive inflation and localization to correct for sampling errors. We show that the EnKF results are robust over a wide range of covariance localization parameters. The reconstruction is associated with an estimation of the error, and provides valuable information on where the reconstruction is to be trusted or not.
DS201810-2373
2018
Roberts, G.G., White, N., Hoggard, M.J., Ball, P.W., Meenan, C.A Neogene history of mantle convective support beneath Borneo.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 496, 1, pp. 142-158.Asia, Borneoconvection

Abstract: Most, but not all, geodynamic models predict 1-2 km of mantle convective draw-down of the Earth's surface in a region centered on Borneo within southeast Asia. Nevertheless, there is geomorphic, geologic and geophysical evidence which suggests that convective uplift might have played some role in sculpting Bornean physiography. For example, a long wavelength free-air gravity anomaly of +60 mGal centered on Borneo coincides with the distribution of Neogene basaltic magmatism and with the locus of sub-plate slow shear wave velocity anomalies. Global positioning system measurements, an estimate of elastic thickness, and crustal isostatic considerations suggest that regional shortening does not entirely account for kilometer-scale regional elevation. Here, we explore the possible evolution of the Bornean landscape by extracting and modeling an inventory of 90 longitudinal river profiles. Misfit between observed and calculated river profiles is minimized by smoothly varying uplift rate as a function of space and time. Erosional parameters are chosen by assuming that regional uplift post-dates Eocene deposition of marine carbonate rocks. The robustness of this calibration is tested against independent geologic observations such as thermochronometric measurements, offshore sedimentary flux calculations, and the history of volcanism. A calculated cumulative uplift history suggests that kilometer-scale Bornean topography grew rapidly during Neogene times. This suggestion is corroborated by an offshore Miocene transition from carbonate to clastic deposition. Co-location of regional uplift and slow shear wave velocity anomalies immediately beneath the lithospheric plate implies that regional uplift could have been at least partly generated and maintained by temperature anomalies within an asthenospheric channel.
DS201812-2848
2018
Mao, W, Zhong, S.Slab stagnation in the transition zone is explained by a thin, weak layer and is transient on timescales of tens or millions of years, according to a global mantle convection model that includes phase changes and plate motion.Nature Geoscience, doi:10.038/s41561-018-0225-2 (pp. 876-881.)Mantleconvection

Abstract: The linear structures of seismically fast anomalies, often interpreted as subducted slabs, in the southern Asia and circum-Pacific lower mantle provided strong evidence for the whole mantle convection model. However, recent seismic studies have consistently shown that subducted slabs are deflected horizontally for large distances in mantle transition zone in the western Pacific and other subduction zones, suggesting that the slabs meet significant resistance to their descending motion and become stagnant in the transition zone. This poses challenges to the whole mantle convection model and also brings the origin of stagnant slabs into question. Here, using a global mantle convection model with realistic spine-post-spinel phase change (?2 MPa K?ą Clapeyron slope) and plate motion history, we demonstrate that the observed stagnant slabs in the transition zone and other slab structures in the lower mantle can be explained by the presence of a thin, weak layer at the phase change boundary that was suggested by mineral physics and geoid modelling studies. Our study also shows that the stagnant slabs mostly result from subduction in the past 20-30 million years, confirming the transient nature of slab stagnation and phase change dynamics on timescales of tens of millions of years from previous studies.
DS201901-0020
2018
Coltice, N., Larrouturou, G., Debayle, E., Garnero, E.J.Interactions of scales of convection in the Earth's mantle.Tectonophysics, Vol. 746, pp. 669-677.Mantleconvection

Abstract: The existence of undulations of the geoid, gravity and bathymetry in ocean basins, as well as anomalies in heat flow, point to the existence of small scale convection beneath tectonic plates. The instabilities that could develop at the base of the lithosphere are sufficiently small scale (< 500 km) that they remain mostly elusive from seismic detection. We take advantage of 3D spherical numerical geodynamic models displaying plate-like behavior to study the interaction between large-scale flow and small-scale convection. We find that finger-shaped instabilities develop at seafloor ages > 60 Ma. They form networks that are shaped by the plate evolution, slabs, plumes and the geometry of continental boundaries. Plumes impacting the boundary layer from below have a particular influence through rejuvenating the thermal lithosphere. They create a wake in which new instabilities form downstream. These wakes form channels that are about 1000 km wide, and thus are possibly detectable by seismic tomography. Beneath fast plates, cold sinking instabilities are tilted in the direction opposite to plate motion, while they sink vertically for slow plates. These instabilities are too small to be detected by usual seismic methods, since they are about 200 km in lateral scale. However, this preferred orientation of instabilities below fast plates could produce a pattern of large-scale azimuthal anisotropy consistent with both plate motions and the large scale organisation of azimuthal anisotropy obtained from recent surface wave models.
DS201904-0801
2019
Yoshida, M.On mantle drag force for the formation of a next supercontinent as estimated from a numerical simulation model of global mantle convection.Terra Nova, Vol. 31, 2, pp. 135-149.Mantleconvection

Abstract: Three?dimensional spherical mantle convection was simulated to predict future continental motion and investigate the driving force of continental motion. Results show that both the time required (?300 Ma from the present) and the process for the next supercontinent formation are sensitive to the choice of critical rheological parameters for mantle dynamics, such as a viscosity contrast between the upper and lower mantles and a yield strength of the lithosphere. From all the numerical models studied herein, mantle drag force by horizontal mantle flow beneath the continents may mostly act as a resistance force for the continental motion in the process of forming a new supercontinent. The maximum absolute magnitude of the tensional and compressional stress acting at the base of the moving continents is in the order of 100 MPa, which is comparable to a typical value of the slab pull force.
DS201907-1528
2019
Bercovici, D., Mulyukova, E., Long, M.D.A simple toy model for coupled retreat and detachment of subducting slabs.Journal of Geodynamics, in press available, 15p.Mantleconvection

Abstract: Subducting slabs are the primary drivers of plate tectonics and mantle circulation, but can also undergo various instabilities that cause dramatic adjustments in tectonic evolution and motion. Slab rollback or trench retreat is possibly a dominant form of time dependence in the plate-mantle system, causing plates to shrink and the mantle to undergo complex flow patterns. Likewise, slab detachment can induce abrupt adjustments in both plate motions and vertical displacement of continents. The arrival or accumulation of continental crust over a subduction zone induces high stresses on the plate and slab that can trigger either rollback or detachment or both. However, these processes necessarily interact because of how stress is relieved and plate motions altered. Here we present a simple boundary-layer like model of coupled trench retreat and slab detachment, induced by continent accumulation, and with slab necking augmented by grain-damage self-weakening (to allow for abrupt necking). With this model we find that, with continental accumulation, initial rollback is at first modest. However, as the stress from continental accumulation peaks, it triggers abrupt slab detachment. The subsequent slab loss causes the plate to lose its primary motive force and to thus undergo a more dramatic and rapid rollback event. After the larger rollback episode, the contracted continental mass re-expands partially. Plausible grain-damage parameters and 40?km thick crust cause abrupt detachment and major rollback to occur after a few hundred million years, which means the plates remain stable for that long, in agreement with the typical age for most large plates. While the complexity of some field areas with a well documented history of detachment and rollback, such as the Mediterranean, taxes the sophistication of our toy model, other simpler geological examples, such as on the western North American plate, show that episodes of rollback can follow detachment.
DS201911-2521
2019
Flament, N.The deep roots of Earth's surface.Nature Geosciences, Vol. 12, pp. 787-788.Mantleconvection

Abstract: The structure of the lithosphere is key to reconciling the dynamic topography predicted by mantle convection models with residual topography derived from observations, suggest analyses of both models and data.
DS201911-2540
2019
Lenardic, A., Weller, M.B., Hoink, T., Seales, J. Toward a boot strap hypothesis of plate tectonics: feedbacks between plates, the asthenosphere, and the wavelength of mantle convection.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, in press 10.1016/j.pepi.2019.106299 18p. PdfMantleconvection

Abstract: The solid Earth system is characterized by plate tectonics, a low viscosity zone beneath plates (the asthenosphere), and long wavelength flow in the convecting mantle. We use suites of numerical experiments to show: 1) How long wavelength flow and the operation of plate tectonics can generate and maintain an asthenosphere, and 2) How an asthenosphere can maintain long wavelength flow and plate tectonics. Plate subduction generates a sub-adiabatic temperature gradient in the mantle which, together with temperature-dependent viscosity, leads to a viscosity increase from the upper to the lower mantle. This allows mantle flow to channelize in a low viscosity region beneath plates (an asthenosphere forms dynamically). Flow channelization, in turn, stabilizes long wavelength convection. The degree of dynamic viscosity variations from the upper to the lower mantle increases with the wavelength of convection and drops toward zero if the system transitions from plate tectonics to a single plate planet. The plate margin strength needed to initiate that transition increases for long wavelength cells (long wavelength flow allows plate tectonics to exist over a wider range of plate margin strength). The coupled feedbacks allow for a linked causality between plates, the asthenosphere, and the wavelength of mantle flow, with none being more fundamental than the others and the existence of each depending on the others. Under this hypothesis, the asthenosphere is defined by an active process, plate tectonics, which maintains it and is maintained by it and plate tectonics is part of an emergent, self-sustaining flow system that bootstraps itself into existence.
DS201912-2803
2019
Marty, B., Bekaert, D.V., Broadley, Jaupart, C.Geochemical evidence for high volatile fluxes from the mantle at the end of the Archean. (water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and halogens)Nature, Vol. 575, pp. 485-488.Mantlemelting, convection

Abstract: The exchange of volatile species—water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and halogens—between the mantle and the surface of the Earth has been a key driver of environmental changes throughout Earth’s history. Degassing of the mantle requires partial melting and is therefore linked to mantle convection, whose regime and vigour in the Earth’s distant past remain poorly constrained1,2. Here we present direct geochemical constraints on the flux of volatiles from the mantle. Atmospheric xenon has a monoisotopic excess of 129Xe, produced by the decay of extinct 129I. This excess was mainly acquired during Earth’s formation and early evolution3, but mantle degassing has also contributed 129Xe to the atmosphere through geological time. Atmospheric xenon trapped in samples from the Archaean eon shows a slight depletion of 129Xe relative to the modern composition4,5, which tends to disappear in more recent samples5,6. To reconcile this deficit in the Archaean atmosphere by mantle degassing would require the degassing rate of Earth at the end of the Archaean to be at least one order of magnitude higher than today. We demonstrate that such an intense activity could not have occurred within a plate tectonics regime. The most likely scenario is a relatively short (about 300 million years) burst of mantle activity at the end of the Archaean (around 2.5 billion years ago). This lends credence to models advocating a magmatic origin for drastic environmental changes during the Neoarchaean era, such as the Great Oxidation Event.
DS201912-2811
2018
Peron, S., Moreira, M.Onset of volatile recycling into the mantle determined by xenon anomalies.Geochemical Perspectives Letters, Vol. 9, pp. 21-25.Mantleconvection

Abstract: Noble gases serve as unique tracers of the origin and evolution of Earth’s volatile reservoirs owing to their inert nature and contribution from extinct and extant radioactivities. However, noble gases are low in abundance relative to many other elements, particularly in the Earth’s mantle. Additionally, mantle-derived samples show large post-eruptive atmospheric contamination, rendering the determination of the primary mantle composition challenging. The sources of mantle krypton and xenon remain debated due to their partially resolvable excess, if any, relative to the atmosphere. Atmospheric noble gases also appear to be recycled into the mantle via subduction, progressively overprinting the initial mantle signature. Here we develop a new protocol to accumulate non-contaminated mantle-derived xenon, in particular the low abundant 124-126-128Xe. The results show the highest excesses in 124-126-128Xe ever measured in the mantle relative to the atmosphere and point toward a chondritic origin for mantle xenon. The fissiogenic isotopes 131-132-134-136Xe allow the onset of efficient xenon recycling in the mantle to be constrained at around 3 Gyr ago, implying that volatile recycling before 3 Ga would have been negligible.
DS201912-2837
2019
Zahnle, K.J., Gacesa, M., Catling, D.C.Strange messenger: a new history of hydrogen on Earth, as told by xenon.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 244, pp. 56-85.Mantleconvection

Abstract: Atmospheric xenon is strongly mass fractionated, the result of a process that apparently continued through the Archean and perhaps beyond. Previous models that explain Xe fractionation by hydrodynamic hydrogen escape cannot gracefully explain how Xe escaped when Ar and Kr did not, nor allow Xe to escape in the Archean. Here we show that Xe is the only noble gas that can escape as an ion in a photo-ionized hydrogen wind, possible in the absence of a geomagnetic field or along polar magnetic field lines that open into interplanetary space. To quantify the hypothesis we construct new 1-D models of hydrodynamic diffusion-limited hydrogen escape from highly-irradiated CO2-H2-H atmospheres. The models reveal three minimum requirements for Xe escape: solar EUV irradiation needs to exceed that of the modern Sun; the total hydrogen mixing ratio in the atmosphere needs to exceed 1% (equiv. to CH4); and transport amongst the ions in the lower ionosphere needs to lift the Xe ions to the base of the outflowing hydrogen corona. The long duration of Xe escape implies that, if a constant process, Earth lost the hydrogen from at least one ocean of water, roughly evenly split between the Hadean and the Archean. However, to account for both Xe’s fractionation and also its depletion with respect to Kr and primordial 244Pu, Xe escape must have been limited to small apertures or short episodes, which suggests that Xe escape was restricted to polar windows by a geomagnetic field, or dominated by outbursts of high solar activity, or limited to transient episodes of abundant hydrogen, or a combination of these. Xenon escape stopped when the hydrogen (or methane) mixing ratio became too small, or EUV radiation from the aging Sun became too weak, or charge exchange between Xe+ and O2 rendered Xe neutral. In our model, Xe fractionation attests to an extended history of hydrogen escape and Earth oxidation preceding and ending with the Great Oxidation Event (GOE).
DS202007-1186
2020
Yoshida, M., Saito, S., Yoshozawa, K.Possible tectonic patterns along the eastern margin of Gondwanaland from numerical studies of mantle convection.Tectonophysics, Vol. 787, 228476, 12p. PdfMantleconvection

Abstract: Two end-member scenarios have been proposed for the tectonic situation along the eastern margins of Gondwanaland before Zealandia was formed ca. 100 million years ago (Ma), namely: (1) A subduction zone located far from the eastern margin of Zealandia, wherein Zealandia may have separated from Gondwanaland by plume push of an active hotspot plume.; (2) A subduction zone located along the eastern margin of Gondwanaland, wherein Zealandia possibly separated from Gondwanaland via trench/subduction retreat. Assuming that the thermal structure of the deep mantle and source of hotspot plumes remained relatively stationary over the last hundred million years, major hotspot plumes with a large buoyancy flux did not exist under Zealandia; the eastern margins of Gondwanaland were far from two large low-shear-velocity provinces under the Africa-Atlantic and South Pacific regions. Herein, through numerical studies of three-dimensional global mantle convection, we examined the mantle convection and surface tectonic patterns at ~100 Ma. The present model considered the real configuration of Gondwanaland at the model surface to observe long-term variations of mantle convection and the resulting surface tectonic conditions. The results demonstrate that the extensive subduction zones developed preferentially along the eastern margin of Gondwanaland when the temperature anomaly of the lower mantle was primarily dominated by high-temperature regions under present-day Africa-Atlantic and South Pacific regions. The results of this study support one of the proposed hypotheses, where the breakup at the eastern margins of Gondwanaland at ~100 Ma occurred via trench/subduction retreat.
DS202008-1440
2020
Seales, J., Lenardic, A.Deep water cycling and the multi-stage cooling of the Earth.Preprint, doi:101340/RG2.2.25986.63683 32p. PdfMantlethermal convection

Abstract: Paleo-temperature data indicates that the Earth's mantle did not cool at a constant rate over geologic time. Post magma ocean cooling was slow with an onset of more rapid mantle cooling between 2.5 and 3.0 Gyr. We explore the hypothesis that this multi-stage cooling is a result of deep water cycling coupled to thermal mantle convection. As warm mantle ascends, producing melt, the mantle is dehydrated. This tends to stiffens the mantle, which slows convective vigor causing mantle heating. At the same time, an increase in temperature tends to lower mantle viscosity which acts to increase convective vigor. If these two tendencies are in balance, then mantle cooling can be weak. If the balance is broken, by a switch to a net rehydration of the mantle, then the mantle can cool more rapidly. We use coupled water cycling and mantle convection models to test the viability of this hypothesis. We test models with different parameterizations to allow for variable degrees of plate margin strength. We also perform a layered uncertainty analysis on all the models to account for input, parameter, and structural model uncertainties. Within model and data uncertainty, the hypothesis that deep water cycling, together with a combination of plate strength and mantle viscosity resisting mantle overturn, can account for paleo data constraints on mantle cooling.
DS202008-1441
2020
Semple, A., Lenardic, A.On the robustness of asthenosphere plug flow in mantle convection models with plate like behaviour.Researchgate, 11p. PdfMantleconvection

Abstract: Conventional wisdom holds that the motion of tectonic plates drives motion in the Earth’s rocky interior (i.e., in the Earth’s asthenosphere). Recent seismological observations have brought this view into question as they indicate that the velocity of the asthenosphere can exceed tectonic plate velocity. This suggests that interior motions can drive plate motions. We explore models of coupled plate tectonics and interior motions to address this discrepancy. The models reveal that the coupling between plates and the asthenosphere is not an issue of plates drive asthenosphere motion or asthenosphere motion drives plates. Both factors work in tandem with the balance being a function of plate margins strength and asthenosphere rheology. In particular, a power-law viscosity allows pressure gradients to generate interior flow that can locally drive plate motion. The models also reveal a hysteresis effect that allows different tectonic states (plate tectonics versus a single plate planet) to exist at the same parameter conditions. This indicates that history and initial conditions can play a role in determining if a planet will or will not have plate tectonics.
DS202010-1874
2020
Semple, A., Lenardic, A.The robustness of pressure-driven asthenospheric flow in mantle convection models with plate-like behavior.Geophysical Research Letters, 10.1029/2020/GL089556 11p. PdfMantleconvection

Abstract: It is generally thought that tectonic plates drive motion in the Earth's rocky interior. Recent observations have challenged this view as they indicate that interior motion can drive tectonic plates. Models of coupled tectonics and interior flow are used to address this discrepancy. The models reveal that the question of “does plate tectonics drive interior flow or does interior flow drive plate tectonics” may be ill founded as both possibilities may be active at the same time. The balance between the two drivers is found to depend on plate margin strength. The models also reveal that different tectonic modes can exist under the same physical conditions. This indicates a planet's initial state can determine if it will or will not have plate tectonics.

 
 

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